argumentative essay on climate change topics

Argumentative Essay Writing

Argumentative Essay About Climate Change

Make Your Case: A Guide to Writing an Argumentative Essay on Climate Change

Published on: Mar 2, 2023

Last updated on: Jan 31, 2024

What is an Argumentative Essay about Climate Change?

The main focus will be on trying to prove that global warming is caused by human activities. Your goal should be to convince your readers that human activity is causing climate change.

To achieve this, you will need to use a variety of research methods to collect data on the topic. You need to make an argument as to why climate change needs to be taken more seriously.

Argumentative Essay Outline about Climate Change

An argumentative essay about climate change requires a student to take an opinionated stance on the subject.

The outline of your paper should include the following sections:

Argumentative Essay About Climate Change Introduction

The first step is to introduce the topic and provide an overview of the main points you will cover in the essay.

This should include a brief description of what climate change is. Furthermore, it should include current research on how humans are contributing to global warming.

An example is:

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Thesis Statement For Climate Change Argumentative Essay

The thesis statement should be a clear and concise description of your opinion on the topic. It should be established early in the essay and reiterated throughout.

For example, an argumentative essay about climate change could have a thesis statement such as:

Climate Change Argumentative Essay Conclusion

The conclusion should restate your thesis statement and summarize the main points of the essay.

It should also provide a call to action, encouraging readers to take steps toward addressing climate change.

For example,

How To Write An Argumentative Essay On Climate Change

Writing an argumentative essay about climate change requires a student to take an opinionated stance on the subject.

Following are the steps to follow for writing an argumentative essay about climate change

Do Your Research

The first step is researching the topic and collecting evidence to back up your argument.

You should look at scientific research, articles, and data on climate change as well as current policy solutions.

Pick A Catchy Title

Once you have gathered your evidence, it is time to pick a title for your essay. It should be specific and concise.

Outline Your Essay

After selecting a title, create an outline of the main points you will include in the essay.

This should include an introduction, body paragraphs that provide evidence for your argument, and a conclusion.

Compose Your Essay

Finally, begin writing your essay. Start with an introduction that provides a brief overview of the main points you will cover and includes your thesis statement.

Then move on to the body paragraphs, providing evidence to back up your argument.

Finally, conclude the essay by restating your thesis statement and summarizing the main points.

Proofread and Revise

Once you have finished writing the essay, it is important to proofread and revise your work.

Check for any spelling or grammatical errors, and make sure the argument is clear and logical.

Finally, consider having someone else read over the essay for a fresh perspective.

By following these steps, you can create an effective argumentative essay on climate change. Good luck!

Examples Of Argumentative Essays About Climate Change

Climate Change is real and happening right now. It is one of the most urgent environmental issues that we face today.

Argumentative essays about this topic can help raise awareness that we need to protect our planet.

Below you will find some examples of argumentative essays on climate change written by CollegeEssay.orgâs expert essay writers.

Argumentative Essay About Climate Change And Global Warming

Persuasive Essay About Climate Change

Argumentative Essay About Climate Change In The Philippines

Argumentative Essay About Climate Change Caused By Humans

Geography Argumentative Essay About Climate Change

Check our extensive blog on argumentative essay examples to ace your next essay!

Good Argumentative Essay Topics About Climate Change

Choosing a great topic is essential to help your readers understand and engage with the issue.

Here are some suggestions:

Should governments fund projects that will reduce the effects of climate change?
Is it too late to stop global warming and climate change?
Are international treaties effective in reducing carbon dioxide emissions?
What are the economic implications of climate change?
Should renewable energy be mandated as a priority over traditional fossil fuels?
How can individuals help reduce their carbon footprint and fight climate change?
Are regulations on industry enough to reduce global warming and climate change?
Could geoengineering be used to mitigate climate change?
What are the social and political effects of global warming and climate change?
Should companies be held accountable for their contribution to climate change?

Check our comprehensive blog on argumentative essay topics to get more topic ideas!

We hope these topics and resources help you write a great argumentative essay about climate change.

Now that you know how to write an argumentative essay about climate change, itâs time to put your skills to the test.

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is a good introduction to climate change.

An introduction to a climate change essay can include a short description of why the topic is important and/or relevant.

It can also provide an overview of what will be discussed in the body of the essay.

The introduction should conclude with a clear, focused thesis statement that outlines the main argument in your essay.

What is a good thesis statement for climate change?

A good thesis statement for a climate change essay should state the main point or argument you will make in your essay.

You could argue that “The science behind climate change is irrefutable and must be addressed by governments, businesses, and individuals.”

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310 Climate Change Essay Topics

Looking for fresh and original climate change titles for your assignment? Look no further! Check out this list of excellent climate change topics for essays, research papers, and presentations. Need some additional inspiration? Click on the links to access helpful climate change essay samples!

🏆 Best Essay Topics on Climate Change

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The Problem of Global Warming and Ways of Its Solution
Climate Change Impacts
Tree Planting and Climate Change
Extreme Weather and Global Warming
Food Security: The Impact of Climate Change
Environmental Health Theory and Climate Change
Climate Change: The Impact of Technology
Al Gore’s Speech on Global Warming Using two essential constituents of a subtle rhetoric analysis for speech or text, the paper scrutinizes Al Gore’s speech on global warming.
Climate Change and Corporate Responsibility The problem of climate change is not new, but it becomes more and more crucial nowadays. The first changes in climate were observed during the industrial period, from the 1750s.
Global Warming and Ozone Depletion The phenomena of ozone depletion and global warming are entirely different processes, they are often confused for each other due to the obvious connection between them.
Global Warming is Not a Myth All facts points out that the ranging debate on whether global warming is a myth or reality has been squarely won by the global warming proponents.
Climate Change and Future Generations The consequences of global warming can be extremely dire for future generations. Temperature, if increased by one and a half degrees, will push natural systems to a turning point.
Climate Change: Concept and Theories Climate change has become a concern of scientists rather recently. There are numerous theories as to the reasons for this process, but there are still no particular answers.
Climate Change and Global Warming Global warming is a subject that has elicited a heated debate for a long time. This debate is commonplace among scholars and policy makers.
Global Warming: Myth or Reality? Global warming can be described as a progressive increase in the earth’s temperature as a result of a trap to greenhouse gases within its atmosphere.
Climate Change: A Global Concern The phenomenon of climate change has attracted a notable amount of attention, the early 1990s being the point at which the phenomenon in question became a worldwide concern.
Solving the Climate Change Crisis by Using Renewable Energy Sources Climate change has caused extreme changes in temperature and weather patterns on planet Earth, thus threatening the lives of living organisms.
Climate Change Impacts on Oceans The consequences of climate change on seawater have had harmful impacts, including irreversible damage to the water’s natural environment and ecological system.
Electric Vehicles and Their Impact on Climate Change Internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEV) that have dominated the market over the recent decades are now giving way to electric vehicles (EV) experiencing rapid growth.
Water Scarcity as Effect of Climate Change Climate change is the cause of variability in the water cycle, which also reduces the predictability of water availability, demand, and quality, aggravating water scarcity.
The Problem of Climate Change in the 21st Century Climate change is among the top threats facing the world in the 21st century, and it deserves prioritization when planning how to move the country and the globe forward.
Effects of Global Warming: Essay Example According to environmentalists and other nature conservatives, Africa would be the worst hit continent by the effects of global warming despite emitting less greenhouse gases.
Investing in Climate Change vs. Space Exploration Efforts aimed at investing in climate change versus outer space exploration will be compared in this essay, and their consequences will be analyzed.
Global Warming Effects on the Environment and Animals Global warming is a threat to the survival and well-being of human and animal life. This discussion aims to provide the effects of the current global warming threats.
How Global Warming Affects Wildlife Global warming is a matter of great concern since it affects humans and wildlife directly, and this issue should be addressed appropriately.
Fast Fashion and Its Impacts on Global Warming Fast fashion contributes to this change in weather conditions due to its improper disposal, leading to the release of emissions into the atmosphere, thus causing global warming.
Social Issue: Climate Change The topic of climate change was chosen to learn more in the modern sense about the phenomenon that most people have heard about for decades.
Security and Climate Change Climate change has been happening at an unprecedented rate over the last decade to become a major global concern.
Climate Change in Terms of Project Management The primary aim of the following paper is to define the notion of climate change in terms of project management, risk management, and business communication.
Climate Change Affecting Global Public Health Climate change leads to the destruction of a range of habitats, the drop in the amount of drinkable water, the rise in air pollution, the reduction in the amount of food, etc.
Global Warming and Business Ethics Business ethics is significant in promoting effective industrial activities that promote environmental conservation and reduce global warming.
Impact of Climate Change on Property Development and Management This essay will focus on the BBC article, COP26 promises could limit global warming to 1.8C, with a specific focus on the impact of climate change on property development.
Modern Environmental Issues: Climate Change Climate change had taken place before humans evolved, but the issue lies in the one, which is caused by direct human intervention.
Climate Change and Impact on Human Health In this paper, two academic articles that discuss the problem of climate change and its impact on human health will be reviewed.
Climate Change and Its Evidence The review of common claims about global warming made it possible to say that in spite of some skeptical opinions, it might be really happening.
Climate Change: When Nature Is in Agony The issue of climate changes not new; it has already been on the agenda of the world ecologists in 1990s, and in 2010s, the issue seems to have gained a new significance.
Solubility of Carbon Dioxide Related to Climate Change The solubility of carbon dioxide is directly related to climate change because oceans absorb excess carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
Human Impact on the Environment Leading to Climate Change An elevated amount of greenhouse gases results in the retention of solar energy in the low levels of the atmosphere, which in turn brings to the melting of glaciers.
Energy Crisis and Climate Change The global community needs to adopt an energy efficient behavior and invest in the exploration of sustainable energy resources.
The Impact of Climate Change on the United States Climate change is a serious issue faced by the United States, and it has various effects, including in the spheres of economy, animal habitat, and health of the population.
Climate Change and International Trade The relationship between climate change and international trade has been on a great verge of developing a new critical issue. This was so evident at the Conference of Parties Climate Conference.
How Human Activities Cause Climate Change Scientists and various leaders globally have seriously debated the causes of climate change. This essay involves a discussion of how human activities cause climate change.
Climate Change and the Media Biases This essay’s purpose is to address the media bias concerning the rising global warming and climate change, referring to news articles made by scientists and various scholars.
Climate Change in Africa and How to Address It According to environmental scientists, Africa is exposed to the effects of climatic alterations subject to its elevated levels of poverty, and dependence on rain-fed farming.
The Importance of Addressing Climate Change Climate change is a topical issue, and the way humanity will choose to address it will determine whether major negative consequences can be avoided.
Car Emissions and Global Warming The emissions problem that is caused by the excessive use of cars is an issue that affects most of the modern world and needs to be addressed as soon as possible to prevent further adverse impact.
Climate Change Policies and Regulation The current changes in climate patterns have attracted attention from researchers and institutions as they endeavor to formulate and implement policies.
The Effect of Global Warming and the Future Global warming effects are the social and environmental changes brought-about by the increase in global temperatures.
How Climate Change Impacts Aviation The issue of climate change and its impact on the aviation industry has been a developing story lately due to the two-way relationship between them.
Climate Change and Environmental Anxiety Individuals must develop a strategy to be able to resist climate change. In addition, there is a need for a global plan to restrain the influence of global warming.
The Controversies of Climate Change This paper discusses the issue of climate change by considering the arguments presented by both the proponents and opponents based on ethical principles and sources of moral value.
How Climate Changes Affect Coastal Areas Natural disasters and hazards caused by climate change are especially the cases during modern times, as the number of toxic substances and polluting elements is increasing every year.
Napa Valley Wine Industry and Climate Change The current competitive landscape of the Napa Valley is formed from a multitude of stakeholders of varying sizes. The work studies climate change and the Napa Valley wine industry.
The Effect of Global Warming Global warming effects are the social and environmental changes brought about by the increase in global temperatures.
Multinational Corporations and Climate Change The current essay revolves around the topic of climate change and economic activities. In the essay, the author focuses on MNCs and their role in environmental conservation.
Climate Change as an Ethical Issue Although global warming is a hotly debated topic, some groups claim that the issue is not as acute as it is presented.
The Earth Day and Climate Change Climate change remains a relevant topic despite over fifty years of efforts since the establishment of Earth Day in 1970.
Climate Change and Carbon Dioxide Emissions Climate change is in large part caused by human action, and the continued industrial development of the world can be accredited to exacerbating the problem further than ever.
The Catholic Response to the Climate Change Catholic Church joined other global climate change movements such as Action for climate change by the United Nations to champion a safer and sustainable ecosystem by 2050.
Carbon Markets and Climate Change Many climatological concepts predict a rise in worldwide average temperature over the succeeding few decades centered on tripling atmospheric carbon oxide levels.
Discussion of Impact of Climate Change in Society Modern scholars and environmentalists acknowledge that climate change is a major challenge affecting the global society today.
Climate Change in “The Parable of the Sower” by Butler Butler’s “The Parable of The Sower” is a post-apocalyptic knowledge literature novel that addresses climate modification and socioeconomic inequalities.
Climate Change and Food Production Cycle In order to address the problem of climate change in relation to the overproduction of food, a more responsible attitude toward its consumption.
Climate Change From the Anthropological Perspective The adaptive nature of the anthropological development of humanity explains the contemporary global problems, and climate change may be assessed from the human adaptation perspective.
International Climate Change Law and National Acts The growing number of countries involved in the fight against environmental problems is seen as a positive step. As a justification, the scope of emission coverage is considered.
The Health Impacts of Climate Change in China Although climate change could not directly affect the Chinese population’s health, climate change interference could increase the number of respiratory system diseases, etc.
Disasters Caused by Climate Change This paper focuses on several recent natural disasters caused by climate change – simultaneous fires in Russia and floods in Pakistan.
The Global Impact of Climate Change Into Our Homes and Families A home is a significant part of someone’s life. That’s why it is always considered as part of basic needs. They give people a sense of belonging and security.
The Effect of Climate Change on the Environment The purpose of this paper is to discuss how the influence of humans’ activity on the environment has caused drastic climate change, and how climate change affects the environment.
“The Basics of Climate Change” Blog The author of “The Basics of Climate Change” reveals the main concepts about the balance between the input and output of energy on Earth that directly relate to the climate.
Climate Change: The Leading Cause of Global Warming The chosen issue is climate change because it is a social dilemma triggered by human activity and will need joint efforts to reduce or alleviate its adverse effects.
The Impact of Climate Change on Inflectional Diseases This paper will examine the increasing spread of infectious diseases as one of the effects of climate change, as well as current and possible measures to overcome it.
Journal and Newspaper Collection on Global Warming This paper comments on Journal/ newspaper article on global warming from major newspapers and journals around the world
The Issue of Unstoppable Global Warming and Its Effects Drought levels shall increase if the temperatures remain high, evaporation shall increase too, mostly at summer and fall, could worsen famine, and the danger of wildfires.
Global Warming Causes and Impacts This paper endeavors to delineate the history of global warming, the causality and every potential revelation towards diminution of the impacts of global warming.
Climate Change as a Healthcare Priority Human-caused climate change significantly impacts the ecological situation and many areas of human life, such as health care.
Philosophers’ Theories on Climate Change The paper demonstrates two philosophers’ theories on climate change, namely Laura Westra and Graham Long. The thoughts and ideas are evaluated by using a hypothetical situation.
Climate Change and Global Warming Awareness If people continue to have misconceptions about global warming, climate change will negatively impact weather, food security, and biodiversity.
Climate Change and Creation of Earth Day Climate change enables communities to create environmental initiatives, industries to update their manufacturing, and politicians to influence the problem through their campaigns.
Climate Change: The Impact on North America As the analysis of climate change patterns reveals, the North American continent is on the verge of profound environmental changes resulting from global warming.
Water Scarcity Due to Climate Change This paper focuses on the adverse impact that water scarcity has brought today with the view that water is the most valuable element in running critical processes.
Climate Change and Global Health Climate change is among the most discussed topics in various fields, as it has overarching effects on many aspects of human life.
How Climate Change Increases the Risk of Hurricanes Hurricanes generate significant financial loss particularly in areas with a high degree of development activities.
It’s Not My Fault: Global Warming and Moral Responsibility The work of the American professor of ethical sciences Sinnott-Armstrong approaches the phenomenon of global warming in terms of individual and collective responsibility.
Climate Change as a Challenge to Australia Climate change is characterised by changes in the weather conditions brought about by emissions from industries as well as emissions from agriculture.
Global Warming and Other Ecology Issues The results of global warming will always remain a topic of controversy. Most scientists will always agree and disagree on the real effects of global warming on human life.
Global Warming With an Emphasis on the Arctic This paper presents the impact of global warming with a focus on the Arctic region. It also provides key solutions that can be implemented to reduce its effects.
Climate Change, Human Activities and Remedies Human beings are the worst enemies of the environment. The Kyoto Protocol and the concept of green buildings are the two major interventions to climatic change and global warming.
Climate Change Threats in Public Perception Diverse social, economic, ecological, and geopolitical variables that operate on multiple scales contribute to different levels of human vulnerability to climate change threats.
The Key to Addressing Climate Change in Modern Business Globalisation, industrialisation, and rise of global corporations promoted the increased topicality of the climate change topic and its transformation into a shared problem.
Overpopulation, Climate Change, and Security Issues This research paper examines such social and environmental issues as overpopulation, urbanization, climate change, food security, and air pollution.
Climate Change: Nature Communications Climate change is one of the main concerns in contemporary global society. This subject is an issue of great contention, with different sides disagreeing.
Global Warming: Understanding Causes of Event Global warming is a phenomenon characterized by the gradual increase of the temperature of the earth’s atmosphere.
Climate Change and Its Impact on the Weather Climate change is a serious issue nowadays, considering that it is bound to affect my generation and the next ones.
Climate Change: Impact on Lemurs Climate change and other environmental issues severely impact the lifestyle and behaviors of lemurs. High temperatures make lemurs spend more time on the ground.
The Effect of Climate Change on Weather Climate change is resulting in weather extremes that are affecting millions of people around the world in recent times.
Climate Change: Impact on Extreme Weather Events The article summarizes the scientific paper on the impact of climate change on extreme weather events worldwide.
Climate Change: Causes, Dynamics, and Effects It is crucial to provide a description of the problem of the climate crisis, its causes and effects, and possible prevention measures.
Ethical, Moral, and Christian Views on Climate Change Strategies Climate change strategies pose ethical, moral, and religious concerns that influence people to bring change and conserve the environment.
The History of Climate Change and Global Warming Issue The paper states that the history of climate change and the solutions communities opted for are critical to tackling the current global warming issue.
Greenpeace’s Climate Change Article Review The article What Are the Solutions to Climate Change by Greenpeace explains the ways climate change can be resolved while using comprehensive terms and being concise.
Worldwide Effects of Global Warming The article conveys Trenberth’s message about the far-reaching implications of global warming on climate and the urgent need for collective action to address its consequences.
Climate Change and Health: Public Health Human activity influences the environment in various ways, from climate change acceleration to the increasing deforestation that can cause another global pandemic.
Global Warming and Climate Change and Their Impact on Humans Climate change and global warming are significant issues with negative impacts on all aspects of human life; for example, they disrupt the food web, hurting humans and wildlife.
Earth Day and the Climate Change Agenda This research paper examines the social significance and ecological value of Earth Day in the face of the climate change agenda.
The Climate Change Impact on Sea Levels and Coastal Zones This paper summarizes the effects of climate change on seawater levels and subsequent effects on the coastal zones.
Desertification and Climate Change Desertification can be prevented by holistic and planned grazing. This transformation can lead to better outcomes in the fight against climate change.
Importance of Climate Change Issue Decision The situation of climate change is the central issue of the 21st century, and its solution is a turning point in history.
Climate Changes Effects on the North and South Pole Global climate change has led to major problems in the North and South Pole ecosystems, with many animals losing their homes and even becoming endangered.
Climate Change Mitigation Strategies and Animals The thesis of the article is clear and identifies two main points, which are the problem that the global discussion does not propose sufficient methods to solve the issue.
The Climate Change: Project Topic Exploration Climate change is an environmental problem that relates to an increase in the Earth’s average surface temperature.
Air Pollution Crisis and Climate Change in China Air pollution is a serious problem in many countries, including China. The main source of air pollutants is fumes from burning fuels in industries or vehicles.
Analysis of Climate Change Ethical Issues Climate change is a major problem in contemporary society, evidenced by issues such as global warming that have affected and continue to wreck societal norms around the world.
“The Impact of Climate Change Mitigation Strategies on Animal Welfare” by Shields and Orme-Evans The paper states that for animal welfare to improve, climate change mitigation strategies should encompass systematic changes in the industry.
Climate Change from Different Perspectives The climate change situation has two types of responses, with one camp making deliberate efforts to minimize the impact of climate change and others ignoring the issue altogether.
Devastating Effects of Global Warming The incapacitating consequences of a changing climate have resulted in significant distress among vulnerable populations as they face various challenges.
The Impacts of Climate Change Mitigation Strategies on Animal Welfare The article by Shields and Orme-Evans focuses on the problem of climate change from the aspect of greenhouse emissions from farm animals and their contribution to global warming.
How Climate Change Influenced Global Migration Migration and conflict have become the most important reasons causing researchers’ interest in climate change.
Climate Change and Crop Production This paper aims to discuss how climate change affects crop production in Latin American, Central American, and Eastern African regions.
Global Warming and Crop Production in Africa Many people are aware of the current and future negative effects of global warming. Global warming will cause severe reductions in the crop in Africa, particularly in Ethiopia.
Solar Activity as a Cause of Climate Change Climate change is not solely the result of human activity because solar activity also impacts the Earth’s climate in a significant manner.
Climate Change: Risks and Consequences Climate change has long been one of the global environmental challenges humanity has faced. A slow but steady rise in surface temperatures is a sustainable trend.
Carbon Dioxide Factor in Climate Change Increasing atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide have a profound effect on global warming, and in turn, it affects the total temperature of the Earth.
Climate Change: The Role of Scientific and Technological Progress This paper serves as a starting point when looking at climate change and the effects of scientific and technological progress.
Consequences of Global Warming Although the opinions about the causes of climate change are diverse, the effects of human activities and natural elements are similar and lead to global warming.
Climate Change and Modern Indigenous Treaties in Northern Canada The purpose of this paper is to answer the following question: how does climate change affect aboriginal culture, food gathering, and Canadian government policy?
Ascertaining Scientific Truth on Climate Change Human activities impact the environment. The consequences of anthropological actions reverberate across all aspects of the Earth’s habitat.
Climate Change and Fall of the Western Roman Empire The authors researched the relevant literature about why the Empire failed and how climate change was connected to the decline.
Climate Change and Accessibility to Safe Water The paper discusses climate change’s effect on water accessibility, providing graphs on water scarcity and freshwater use and resources.
Climate Change Prevention Improvements This paper aims to examine the principal indicators in achieving improvements in climate change prevention and the current results of programs.
The UN Climate Change Conference: Indigenous Concerns During the UN Climate Change Conference, it was clear that indigenous environmental defenders have a particular stake in the outcomes of climate change global negotiations.
Climate Change Prediction for the Caribbean Climate change can be defined as the global spectacle of climate alteration described by the earth’s natural climate variations due to human activities.
Climate Change: Canada’s Environment Policy The essay argues that Canada is a major contributor to climate change and its environmental policies are inadequate in resolving the environmental problems.
Researching the Interactions between Climate Change and Plankton Communities This paper is aimed at examining the interactions between climate change and plankton communities, focusing on the abundance, distribution, and structure of the species.
Social Challenges of Climate Change Climate change is among the most pressing global issues, and it is not easy to find a solution that will work for everyone.
Global Warming: “Hopeful Lessons From the Battle to Save Rainforests” The “Hopeful lessons from the battle to save rainforests” video proposes several solutions to deforestation and global warming.
Climate Change: Factors and Future Climate change and global warming have been stressed since the early 20th century, and different environmental corps and governments have communicated several mitigation techniques.
Devastating Effects of Global Warming Global warming presents a considerable threat by having an enormous influence on humanity’s social, economic, and physical state.
The Affect of Climate Change on the Social and Environmental Determinants of Health There is a lack of sufficient awareness in society about how climate change affects health although it significantly influences its environmental determinants.
Climate Change in Environmentally Vulnerable Countries The repercussions of climate change are global in character and unprecedented in size, ranging from changing weather patterns to sea level rise.
The Future of Coal Plants Regarding Climate Change The use of coal plants to provide energy has been at the center of the growth of many economies of the world. However, coal is associated with the emission of greenhouse gasses.
Global Warming and Economics Discussion The article discusses that at the international level, the carbon tax is not always conducive to climate change regulation.
Climate Change: Improving Global Health The climate of the planet is changing, and today it is impossible to deny. The temperature of air and water is increasing every decade.
Global Warming: The Importance of Addressing the Climate Crisis The paper states that global warming has many consequences. Multiple scientific discoveries emphasize the importance of addressing the climate crisis urgently.
Examining the Potential of Digital Earth Services in Connection to Global Warming In this work, the primary characteristics of global warming will be discussed with the implementation of digital Earth tools, examining the data from these sources.
Climate Change Reflection in Law System The paper states that climate change in the coming decade will be crucial to achieving global goals set on the governmental and international levels.
The Science Behind Climate Change Regardless of how strong the natural change to the climate system was, it could not have led to the temperature increase seen over the past semicentenary.
Oil Spills and How They Are Related to Climate Change The paper states that oil spills are destructive to ecosystems. Oil spills and climate change are two deeply interrelated environmental phenomena.
Greenhouse Effect as a Cause of Global Warming The report serves an informative function and is designed to explore the nature of global warming through the greenhouse effect.
A Climate Change Emergency in the US To handle the problem of climate change effects, the US must restrict carbon emissions by enforcing policies that favor the initiatives and financing the green economy.
Causes of Climate Change and Ways to Reduce It Despite the effects, investing in green energy, increasing vegetation cover, and conducting public education are some measures that can be taken to reduce climate change.
Solar Energy in China and Its Influence on Climate Change The influence of solar energy on climate change has impacted production, the advancement of solar energy has impacted climate change in the geography of China.
Natural Climate Solutions for Climate Change in China The crisis in China gives rise to several significant environmental problems, including air pollution, land degradation, deforestation, and poor water quality.
Harmful Impact of Climate Change Climate change is one of the most notable environmental problems that humanity is facing today and defines it as ‘long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns’.
Global Warming in Relation to Human Population Size The density of the world population in the future is a crucial component of climate policy to safeguard the vulnerable future generation.
Anthropogenic Influence on Climate Change Throughout History The objective of this paper is to discuss the anthropogenic influence on climate change through history and adaptations during the glaciation period.
Climate Change, Its Causes and Implications The purpose of this paper is to present the causes and implications of climate change and to elaborate on the current climate change policies.
Mitigating Climate Change in Massachusetts: Policy Recommendations The purpose of this report is to discuss and recommend long-term and short-term responses for the state of Massachusetts to undertake to mitigate climate change.
Climate Change: Dealing with the Problem It is becoming more and more evident that the current climatic changes and related events are taking place all over the world, which come in a wide range of forms and locations.
Climate Change and Mitigation Approaches The issue of climate change may appear to be extremely controversial. The reason behind that is the fact that environmental changes have both dependence and influence on humanity.
Impacts of Climate Change on Electricity Demand in China Fan et al.’s “Impacts of climate change on electricity demand in China” article forecasts the potential effects on the electricity demand under three climate change scenarios.
Tree Planting Ameliorating Climate Change Environmentalists and policymakers have been designing strategies to ameliorate climate change in a sustainable manner.
Climate Change and Mitigation Measures in China This paper is an annotated bibliography that studies the articles which are related to the topic of researching climate change in China.
Environmental Treaties in Addressing Climate Change In response to the growing concerns, established international organizations and new coalitions have attempted to create several agreements.
Impacts of Climate Change on Agriculture and Food This paper will examine four aspects of climate change: variation in the rainfall pattern, water levels, drought, temperature, and heatwaves.
The Truth Behind Climate Change The real solution of the problem of climate change could be to decarbonize the global energy system that is 80% fossil fuel, but it is significant in scale.
“Climate Change Facts and Effect on Economy” by Amadeo Kimberly Amadeo attempts to address one of the ecological issues, namely global warming, and introduces the article Climate Change Facts and Effect on Economy.
Web-Based Organizational Discourses: Climate Change
Discussing Climate Change: Randy Johnson
How Human Behavior Promotes Climate Change
The Impact of Global Climate Change on Health
Environmental Issues: Problems of Climate Change
Iron Fertilization: Solving Global Warming
How Car Emissions Affect Global Warming
Aspects of Global Climate Change
Carbon Emission Effects and Global Warming Laws
Climate Change: Dangers and Prevention
Correlation of “Climate Change” and Public Health
The Problem of Climate Change in South Florida
Climate Change as a Public Health Issue
Economic Model for Global Warming
Effect of Climate Change in the Future
Religion and Politics: Pope Francis and Climate Change
Global Warming From a Social Studies Perspective
Climate Change: El Niño Oscillation Phenomenon (ENSO)
Climate and Social Change in Global Warming Crisis
Capitalism, Climate Change, and Globalization
Impact of Climate Change on Early Societies
Global Warming and Climate Change
Global Warming, Climate Change and Ozone Depletion
Climate Change: Forecast of Possible Events
Climate Change: Causes and Consequences, and the Issue of Social Collapse
Canada: The First Victim of Global Climate Change
Sustainable Development: The Climate Change Issues
Climate Change Skepticism in Relation to Global Warming
The Issue of Global Warming in the Community
Global Warming: Do Human Activities Threaten to Change Climate?
Global Warming and Mitigation Strategies
Global Warming: Is It Caused by Nature or Mankind?
Controversy About Global Warming: Skepticism and Reality
Global Warming: Harmful Impact on the Polar Bears
Global Warming: Issue Analysis
Oil and Gas Industry Response to Global Warming
Global Warming: Causes and Solutions
The Kyoto Protocol: First Framework for Fighting Global Warming
Global Warming: Causes, Factors and Effects
Global Warming as Not a New-Fangled Issue
The Global Warming Crisis and Ways of its Solution
Climate Change and Its Potential Impact on Agriculture and Food Supply
Global Warming: Causes and Consequences
Issue of the Global Warming
Global Warming: Solving a Social Problem
Women’s Activism Sources Around Climate Change
Weather and Climate Change: Physical Equations
Ecofeminism: Women Against Climate Change
Health Issues Caused by Climate Change
Respiratory Diseases Caused by Climate Change
Global Warming and Its Various Consequences
Climate Change Factors and Impacts on Blue Crab Populations
Global Warming Leads Climate Change
Climate Change Impacts Florida’s Biodiversity
The Paris Accord: Macroeconomics and Global Warming
Climate Change and Related Issues in Canada
Climate Change as Political Leaders’ Primary Concern
Virtue Ethics: Altering Testimony on Global Warming
Climate Change Initiative in Canada
Climate Change and Social Responsibility in the UAE
Impact of Climate Change on Intermodal Transportation
Global Warming and Its Health Implications
Global Warming and Its Threats: Debates
Climate Changes Impact on Agriculture and Livestock
Global Warming Challenges Solving in General Electric
Remote Sensing Applications to Climate Change
Climate Change and Human Heath
The Issue of Global Warming
Global Warming Problems due to Economic Growth
Global Warming and the Free Rider Problem
Trump Presidency: Immigration and Climate Change
Iron Seeding Oceans: Global Warming Solution
Biodiversity, Global Warming, Environmental Conservation
Climate Change as a Threat to Pension Fund
Climate Change: Changing Patterns of Malaria
The Problem of Global Warming and Its Effects
Global Climate Change and Health Concerns
British Petroleum’s Risks due to Climate Changes
Paris Agreement: Climate Change Deal
Global Warming as a Humanity’s Fault
Climate Change: Changing Patterns of Malaria Disease
The Climate Change Problem
The Concept of Global Warming and Its Impacts
Humans Contribution to Global Climate Change
The Seriousness of Global Warming
Global Warming: Car Emissions Effects
Car Emission Effects on Global Warming
Environmental Studies of Global Warming: Cause and Mitigation
The United States Policy on Climate Change
Environmental Studies: The Global Warming Holocaust
The Issue of Global Climate Change and the Use of Global Ethic
Concept of Global Warming
Causes and Effects of Global Warming on the Environment
What Natural Forces Have Caused Climate Change?
What Problems Are Involved with Establishing an International Climate Change Regime?
What Role Has Human Activity Played in Causing Climate Change?
What Does the World Say About Climate Change?
What Are the Five Main Effects of Climate Change?
What Is Climate Change and How Is It Changing?
What Is Climate Change in Simple Words?
How Does Climate Change Affect Human Life?
Why Is Climate Change Important?
How Does Climate Change Affect Society?
What Are Some of the Signs of Climate Change?
What Are the Impacts of Climate Change?
What Is the Main Ways of Solving Climate Change Issue?
What Are Some Examples of Climate Change?
How Does Climate Change Affect Our Human Rights?
What Can Students Do to Help Climate Change?
How Can We Reduce the Impact of Climate Change?
When Did Climate Change Become an Issue?
Can Climate Change Be Stopped?
Where Is Climate Change the Worst?
Why Is Climate Change a Global Challenge?
How Many Years Do We Have to Save the Planet From Climate Change?
How Many Years Until Climate Change Is Irreversible?
What American State Is Safest From Climate Change?
Where Should People Live to Avoid Climate Change?
What Countries Will Be the Least Affected by Climate Change?
Who Will Benefit From Climate Change?
What Is China Doing About Climate Change?
Which Country Is the Biggest Contributor to Climate Change?
What Is the Most Effective Solution to Climate Change?
Climate Change-Related Health Risks
Climate Change Threats to Ecosystems and Species
How Deforestation Leads to Climate Change
Costs and Benefits of Climate Change Mitigation Strategies
The Feasibility and Challenges of Renewable Energy Transition
The Politics of Climate Change: Cooperation and Disagreements
How Climate Change Affects Agriculture and Food Production
Climate Change, Migration, and Environmental Refugees
The Connection Between Climate Change and Extreme Weather Events
The Effectiveness of Climate Messaging and Public Perception
How Climate Models Help Predicting Future Climate Scenarios
What Are the Social Justice Dimensions of Climate Change?
Best Personal Carbon Footprint Reduction Strategies
The Impact of Climate Change on Freshwater Availability
Strategies to Cope with Changing Climate Conditions
The Role of Urban Planning in Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation
How Indigenous Knowledge Can Help Understand Climate Change
The Adverse Effect of Climate Change on Polar Regions and Indigenous Peoples
The Consequences of Climate Change and Ocean Acidification for Marine Ecosystems
The Relationship between Environmental Changes and International Security

Here’s what makes our list of topics stand out:

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These essay examples and topics on Climate Change were carefully selected by the StudyCorgi editorial team. They meet our highest standards in terms of grammar, punctuation, style, and fact accuracy. Please ensure you properly reference the materials if you’re using them to write your assignment.

This essay topic collection was updated on January 5, 2024 .

50+ Climate Change Essay Topics

Table of Contents

How to Select the Best Climate Change Essay Topic?

Selecting climate change topics can be quite tedious for students. However, following the steps below can help make it easier.

Step 1. Conduct simple background research on the issue of climate change.

Step 2. Select an area on climate change which interests you.

Step 3. Read and research widely from scholarly articles and books. This will help you to gain insights on possible topics.

Step 4. Brainstorm. This will help to choose the best topic that will aid you in writing your ideas from the research done.

The four steps above will help to alleviate your fears in writing essays on climate change and take you one step above into writing an essay that will catch the eye of your instructor.

Climate change is a crucial subject across the globe in the modern age of industrialization and technological development. As a result, there is no surprise that it is also a frequent topic on essay writing in learning institutions. I will outline a list of essay topics on climate change that you are likely to bump into when writing your college assignments and tests.

Impact of climate change on the ecological state of earth natural resources.
Impact of climate change on agricultural activities across the globe.
Human activities have contributed to climate change .
Leading causes of global climate change.
List and explain measures which can be used to prevent the dangerous outcomes caused by climate change.
What is the role an individual can play in the prevention of climate change?
Name species which can adapt to climate change and explain how.
What role can education play in reducing the negative impacts of climate change?
Critically analyze the impact of global warming and climate change on marine life.
The role of climate change in the rising of diseases.
How does the use of fossil fuel as a means of transportation in Beijing China impact global warming and what are the possible solutions which can be implemented to alleviate the situation?
Does global warming play a role in the rise of frequency and intensity of typhoons and hurricanes? Use case studies from the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean .
Impact of climate change on service industries such as tourism and hospitality.
Solutions to the current climate change crisis.
What are the future implications of climate change with the current trends?
What is the role of technology in predicting climate change, and how can it help to prevent the current climate change crisis?
The role of politics in the decline of climate change.
Outline the alternative sources of energy which can be used to help prevent the adverse effects of climate change.
The insurance industry and its importance in climate change.
How does climate change affect biodiversity?
Describe the role of climate change on the extinction of plants and animals.
What role does climate change play in the migration of human beings?
What role did President Obama play during his eight-year tenure to address the issue of global warming and climate change in the United States?
Is technology to blame for the deterioration of the climate and the rise of global warming?
Going with the current trend in climate change, does humanity have hope in solving issues on climate change?
Critically analyze the issue of climate change in Al Gore’s documentary .
Watch and analyze the video on the effects of climate change by David Attenborough and present your analysis on the film.
Why do some countries ignore climate change?
Are multinational companies a cause of climate change or a solution to it?
How can human activities be regulated to ensure that climate change is kept in check?

The list above consists of a wide variety of topics on climate change that professors and instructors are likely to use to assess their students. Therefore, it is vital to ensure that you are comfortable in handling any of the topics.

Best Climate Change Topics for Essay in 2023

The impact of climate change on the world’s oceans and marine ecosystems.
The effectiveness of current climate change mitigation policies and strategies.
The impact of climate change on global food security and agriculture.
The role of international cooperation in addressing climate change.
The impact of climate change on biodiversity and conservation efforts.
The economic and social costs of climate change and its mitigation.
The role of renewable energy technologies in reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
The impact of climate change on human health and wellbeing.
The role of education and public awareness in addressing climate change.
The impact of climate change on water resources and availability.
The impact of climate change on indigenous peoples and their traditional knowledge systems.
The role of business and industry in addressing climate change and promoting sustainability.
The impact of climate change on migration and human displacement.
The role of urban planning and design in mitigating the impact of climate change.
The impact of climate change on tourism and the travel industry.
The role of environmental justice in addressing climate change and promoting social equity.
The impact of climate change on natural disasters and emergency management.
The role of climate change adaptation strategies in reducing vulnerability and enhancing resilience.
The impact of climate change on the Arctic and its implications for global climate patterns.
The role of international climate change negotiations and agreements in addressing the crisis.

Climate Change Argumentative Essay Topics

What are said to be the causes of climate change?
How did the Obama administration stand up against climate change ?
How did the Trump administration change the global mindset of climate change?
What effect did Greta Thornburg have on congress?
What are some examples of climate change that are blatantly apparent?
Is global warming a financial stunt?
How can reducing one’s carbon footprint affects the rising climate?
How do different countries tackle climate change, and what can the United States learn from them?
Will the oil and gas industry survive climate awareness? If not, how will they replace jobs?
Can we break our dependence on crude oil?
The urgency of taking immediate action to mitigate the impact of climate change.
The role of individual responsibility in addressing climate change.
The impact of climate change denial and skepticism on policy and public opinion.
The effectiveness of market-based approaches, such as carbon pricing, in reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
The responsibility of developed countries in addressing climate change and supporting adaptation in developing countries.
The role of climate engineering technologies in mitigating the impact of climate change.
The impact of climate change on international security and geopolitical relations.
The role of government regulation in promoting sustainability and reducing carbon emissions.
The impact of climate change on global economic stability and development.
The ethical implications of climate change and its disproportionate impact on vulnerable populations.

Examples of Climate Change Essay Questions That You Are Likely to Come Across

It is not uncommon for your professor or class instructor to assess a student’s capabilities on climate change through the use of questions. Below is a list of essay questions on climate change that your instructor may ask you to tackle your knowledge on the subject.

Are the actions taken today against the adversaries of climate change meaningful, or is it too late?
Are efforts made towards creating a green environment beneficial for us today, or is it limited to the future generations only?
What are the cost implications of measures put in place to cut the use of carbon emissions?
Considering the expensive nature of nuclear energy and the limited amount of energy produced by fossil fuels, how can we realistically eliminate the use of fossil fuels?
Will the proposed changes on climate change drive people into poverty due to the rise in costs?
Why is carbon dioxide at the center of talks and remedies on climate change?
What are the available sets of evidence which prove the role of human activities in the accumulation of toxic gases which have led to climate change?
What is your understanding of the term global warming?
How has global warming affected human beings?
Do the current trends predict a better future or a worse one in terms of climate change?

Therefore, do not be surprised if your professor picks one of the questions above as the topic for your next assignment.

Climate Change Essay Ideas to Bolster Your Creativity

Although you have a list of questions and essays on climate change, you may find yourself struggling to write a quality essay on the topic. Here is a list of ideas on climate change that can help to boost your creativity when writing an essay on the same.

Climate change essays usually center on the critical problems which result from human activities.
One of the major topics which are often associated with climate change is global warming.
When writing essays on climate change, statistics from credible sources like the United Nations on issues such as emission of harmful gases is vital to give a real-world example of the situation on climate cha game.
Scientific reports and research papers are an essential part of climate change essays.
Climate change essays should inspire humanity to seek solutions to the problem.

The ideas above act as a map through which one can outline the consult on the directions of writing a top-notch essay on climate change. If you have experienced difficulties in the past when writing a paper on climate change, the article above will help you dearly in addressing your issues. However, if you still experience difficulties, reach out to us for help. We provide assistance in writing quality essays by academic essay writers and assignments that will help to take your grades to the next level.

Thesis Helpers

Find the best tips and advice to improve your writing. Or, have a top expert write your paper.

Climate Change Topics for Short Essays

Perhaps, your educator has asked you to write a short essay on climate change. Maybe you’re yet to decide what to write about because every topic you think about seems to have been written about. In that case, use this list of climate change topics for inspiration. You can write about one of these topics or develop it to make it more unique.

How climate change is responsible for the disappearing rainforest
The effects of global warming on air quality within the urban areas
Global warming and greenhouse emissions- Possible health risks
Is climate change responsible for irregular weather patterns?
How has climate change affected the food chain?
The negative effects of climate change on human wellbeing
How global warming affects agriculture
How climate change works
Why is climate change dangerous to human health?
How to minimize global warming effects on human health
How global warming affects the healthcare
Effects of climate change of life quality in rural and urban areas
How warmer temperatures support allergy-related illnesses
How climate change is a risk to life on earth
How climate change and natural disasters correlate
How climate change affects the population of the earth
How climate change relates to global warming
How global warming has caused extreme heating in most urban areas
How wildfires relate to climate change
How ocean acidification and climate change affect the world’s habitat

These climate change essay topics cover different aspects of human activities and their effects on the earth’s ecosystem. As such, writing a research paper or essay on any of these topics requires extensive research and analysis of information. That’s the only way you can come up with a solid paper that will impress the educator to award you the top grade.

Climate Change Issues that Make for Good Topics

Maybe you want to research issues that relate to climate change. Most people may have not considered such issues but they are worthy of climate change debate topics. In that case, consider these issues when choosing your climate topics for papers and essays.

Climate change and threat to natural biodiversity are equally important
Climate change in Miami and Saudi Arabia- How the effects compare
Climate change as a human activity’s effect on the environment
Preventing climate change by protecting forests
Climate change in China- How the country has declined to head to the global call about saving Mother Nature
Common causes of climate change
Common effects of climate change
The definition of climate change
What is anthropogenic climate change
Describe climate change
What drives climate change?
Renewable energy sources and climate change
Human and economics induced climate change
Climate change biology
Climate change and business
Science, Spin, and climate change
Climate change- How global warming affects populations
Climate change and social concepts
Extreme weather and climate change- How they relate
Global warming as a complex issue in climate change

These are great climate change topics for research papers and essays. However, writing about these topics requires extensive research. You should also be ready to spend energy and time finding relevant and latest sources of information before you write about these topics.

Interesting Climate Change Topics for Papers and Essays

Perhaps, you want to write an essay or paper about something interesting. In that case, consider this list of interesting climate change research paper topics.

Climate change across the globe- What experts say
Development, climate change, and disaster reduction
Critical review- Climate change and agriculture
Schools should include climate change as a subject in geography courses
Consumption and climate change- How the wind blows in Indiana
How the United Nations responds to climate change
Snowpack and climate change
How climate change threatens global security
The effects of climate change on coastal areas’ tourism
How climate change relates to Queensland Australia’s floods
How climate change affects the tourism and hospitality industry
Possible strategies for addressing the effects of climate change on urban areas
How climate change affects indigenous people
How to avoid the threats of climate change
How climate change affects coral triangle turtles
Climate change drivers in the Asian countries
Economic discourse analysis methodology in climate change
How climate change affects New Hampshire businesses
How climate change affects the life of an individual
The economic cost of the effects of climate change

These are fantastic climate change paper topics to explore. Nevertheless, you must be ready to research your topic extensively before you start writing your academic paper or essay.

Major Topics on Climate Change for Academic Writing

Perhaps, you’re looking for topics related to climate change that you write major papers about. In that case, you should consider these global climate change topics.

Early science on climate change
How the world can manage the effects of climate change
Environmental issues relating to climate change
Views comparison about the climate change problem
Asset-based community development and climate change
Experts’ evaluation of climate change
How science affects climate change
How climate change affects the ocean life
Scotland’s vulnerability to climate change
How energy conservation can solve the climate change problem
How climate change affects the world economy
International collaboration and climate change
International relations view on climate change
How transportation affects climate change
Climate change and technology
Climate change policies and human rights
Climate change from an anthropological perspective
Climate change as an international security issue
Role of the United Nations in addressing climate change
Climate change and pollution

This category has some of the best climate change thesis topics. That’s because most people will be interested in reading papers on such topics due to their global perspectives. Nevertheless, you should prepare to spend a significant amount of time researching and writing about any of these topics on climate change.

Climate Change Topics for Presentation

Perhaps, you want to write papers on topics related to climate change for presentation purposes. In that case, you need topics that most people can resonate with. Here is a list of topics about climate change that will interest most people.

How can humans stop global warming in the next ten years
Could humans have stopped global warming a decade ago?
How has the environment changed over the years and how has this change caused global warming?
How did the Obama administration try to limit climate change?
What is the influence of chemical engineering on global warming?
How is urbanization connected to climate change?
Theories that explain why some nations ignore climate change
How global warming affects the rising sea levels
How anthropogenic and natural climate change differ
How the war against terrorism differs from the war on climate change
How atmospheric change influences global climate change
Negative effects of global climate change on Minnesota
The greenhouse effect and ozone depletion
How greenhouse affects the earth’s environment
How can individuals reduce the emissions of greenhouse gasses
How climate change will affect humans in their lifetime
What are the social, physical, and economic effects of climate change
Problems and solutions to climate change on the Pacific Ocean
How climate change relates to species’ extinction
How the phenomenon of denying climate change affects animals

This list prepared by our research helpers has some of the best essay topics on climate change. Pick one of these ideas, research it, and then compose a winning paper.

Make PhD experience your own

The Center for Global Studies

Climate change argumentation.

Carmen Vanderhoof, Curriculum and Instruction, College of Education, Penn State

Carmen Vanderhoof is a doctoral candidate in Science Education at Penn State. Her research employs multimodal discourse analysis of elementary students engaged in a collaborative engineering design challenge in order to examine students’ decision-making practices. Prior to resuming graduate studies, she was a secondary science teacher and conducted molecular biology research.

Subject(s): Earth Science
Topic: Climate Change and Sustainability
Grade/Level: 9-12 (can be adapted to grades 6-8)
Objectives: Students will be able to write a scientific argument using evidence and reasoning to support claims. Students will also be able to reflect on the weaknesses in their own arguments in order to improve their argument and then respond to other arguments.
Suggested Time Allotment: 4-5 hours (extra time for extension)

This lesson is derived from Dr. Peter Buckland’s sustainability presentation for the Center for Global Studies . Dr. Peter Buckland, a Penn State alumnus, is a postdoctoral fellow for the Sustainability Institute. He has drawn together many resources for teaching about climate change, sustainability, and other environmental issues.

While there are many resources for teaching about climate change and sustainability, it may be tough to figure out where to start. There are massive amounts of data available to the general public and students need help searching for good sources of evidence. Prior to launching into a search, it would be worthwhile figuring out what the students already know about climate change, where they learned it, and how they feel about efforts to reduce our carbon footprint. There are many options for eliciting prior knowledge, including taking online quizzes, whole-class discussion, or drawing concept maps. For this initial step, it is important that students feel comfortable to share, without engaging in disagreements. The main idea is to increase students’ understanding about global warming, rather than focus on the potential controversial nature of this topic.

A major goal of this unit is to engage students in co-constructing evidence-based explanations through individual writing, sharing, re-writing, group discussion, and whole group reflection. The argumentation format presented here contains claims supported by evidence and reasoning (Claims Evidence Reasoning – CER). Argumentation in this sense is different from how the word “argument” is used in everyday language. Argumentation is a collaborative process towards an end goal, rather than a competition to win (Duschl & Osborne, 2002). Scientific argumentation is the process of negotiating and communicating findings through a series of claims supported by evidence from various sources along with a rationale or reasoning linking the claim with the evidence. For students, making the link between claim and evidence can be the most difficult part of the process.

Where does the evidence come from?

Evidence and data are often used synonymously, but there is a difference. Evidence is “the representation of data in a form that undergirds an argument that works to answer the original question” (Hand et al., 2009, p. 129). This explains why even though scientists may use the same data to draw explanations from, the final product may take different forms depending on which parts of the data were used and how. For example, in a court case experts from opposing sides may use the same data to persuade the jury to reach different conclusions. Another way to explain this distinction to students is “the story built from the data that leads to a claim is the evidence” (Hand et al., 2009, p. 129). Evidence can come from many sources – results from controlled experiments, measurements, books, articles, websites, personal observations, etc. It is important to discuss with students the issue of the source’s reliability and accuracy. When using data freely available online, ask yourself: Who conducted the study? Who funded the research? Where was it published or presented?

What is a claim and how do I find it?

A scientific claim is a statement that answers a question or an inference based on information, rather than just personal opinion.

How can I connect the claim(s) with the evidence?

That’s where the justification or reasoning comes in. This portion of the argument explains why the evidence is relevant to the claim or how the evidence supports the claim.

Implementation

Learning context and connecting to state standards.

This interdisciplinary unit can be used in an earth science class or adapted to environmental science, chemistry, or physics. The key to adapting the lesson is guiding students to sources of data that fit the discipline they are studying.

For earth science , students can explain the difference between climate and weather, describe the factors associated with global climate change, and explore a variety of data sources to draw their evidence from. Pennsylvania Academic Standards for earth and space science (secondary): 3.3.12.A1, 3.3.12.A6, 3.3.10.A7.

For environmental science , students can analyze the costs and benefits of pollution control measures. Pennsylvania Academic Standards for Environment and Ecology (secondary): 4.5.12.C.

For chemistry and physics , students can explain the function of greenhouse gases, construct a model of the greenhouse effect, and model energy flow through the atmosphere. Pennsylvania Academic Standards for Physical Sciences (secondary): 3.2.10.B6.

New Generation Science Standards (NGSS) Connections

Human impacts and global climate change are directly addressed in the NGSS. Disciplinary Core Ideas (DCI): HS-ESS3-3, HS-ESS3-4, HS-ESS3-5, HS-ESS3-6.

Lesson 1: Introduction to climate change

What are greenhouse gases and the greenhouse effect? (sample answer: greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane contribute to overall heating of the atmosphere; these gases trap heat just like the glass in a greenhouse or in a car)
What is the difference between weather and climate? (sample answer: weather is the daily temperature and precipitation measurements, while climate is a much longer pattern over multiple years)

Drawing of the greenhouse effect – as individuals or in pairs, have students look up the greenhouse effect and draw a diagram to represent it; share out with the class

Optional: figure out students’ beliefs about global warming using the Yale Six Americas Survey (students answer a series of questions and at the end they are given one of the following categories: alarmed, concerned, cautious, disengaged, doubtful, dismissive).

Lesson 2: Searching for and evaluating evidence

Compare different data sources and assess their credibility
Temperature
Precipitation
Storm surge
Ask the students to think about what types of claims they can make about climate change using the data they found (Sample claims: human activity is causing global warming or sea-level rise in the next fifty years will affect coastal cities like Amsterdam, Hong Kong, or New Orleans).

Lesson 3: Writing an argument using evidence

Claim – an inference or a statement that answers a question
Evidence – an outside source of information that supports the claim, often drawn from selected data
Reasoning – the justification/support for the claim; what connects the evidence with the claim
Extending arguments – have students exchange papers and notice the strengths of the other arguments they are reading (can do multiple cycles of reading); ask students to go back to their original argument and expand it with more evidence and/or more justification for why the evidence supports the claim
Anticipate Rebuttals – ask students to think and write about any weaknesses in their own argument

Lesson 4: Argumentation discussion

rebuttal – challenges a component of someone’s argument – for example, a challenge to the evidence used in the original argument
counterargument – a whole new argument that challenges the original argument
respect group members and their ideas
wait for group members to finish their turns before speaking
be mindful of your own contributions to the discussion (try not to take over the whole discussion so others can contribute too; conversely, if you didn’t already talk, find a way to bring in a new argument, expand on an existing argument, or challenge another argument)
Debate/discussion – In table groups have students share their arguments and practice rebuttals and counterarguments
Whole-group reflection – ask students to share key points from their discussion

Lesson 5: Argumentation in action case study

Mumbai, india case study.

Rishi is a thirteen year old boy who attends the Gayak Rafi Nagar Urdu Municipal school in Mumbai. There is a massive landfill called Deonar right across from his school. Every day 4,000 tons of waste are piled on top of the existing garbage spanning 132 hectares (roughly half a square mile). Rishi ventures out to the landfill after school to look for materials that he can later trade for a little bit of extra money to help his family. He feels lucky that he gets to go to school during the day; others are not so lucky. One of his friends, Aamir, had to stop going to school and work full time after his dad got injured. They often meet to chat while they dig through the garbage with sticks. Occasionally, they find books in okay shape, which aren’t worth anything in trade, but to them they are valuable.

One day Rishi was out to the market with his mom and saw the sky darken with a heavy smoke that blocked out the sun. They both hurried home and found out there was a state of emergency and the schools closed for two days. It took many days to put out the fire at Deonar. He heard his dad say that the fire was so bad that it could be seen from space. He wonders what it would be like to see Mumbai from up there. Some days he wishes the government would close down Deonar and clean it up. Other days he wonders what would happen to all the people that depend on it to live if the city shuts down Deonar.

Mumbai is one of the coastal cities that are considered vulnerable with increasing global temperature and sea level rise. The urban poor are most affected by climate change. Their shelter could be wiped out by a tropical storm and rebuilding would be very difficult.

Write a letter to a public official who may be able to influence policy in Mumbai.

What would you recommend they do? Should they close Deonar? What can they do to reduce air pollution in the city and prepare for possible storms? Remember to use evidence in your argument.

If students want to read the articles that inspired the case study direct them to: http://unhabitat.org/urban-themes/climate-change/

http://www.bloomberg.com/slideshow/2012-07-06/top-20-cities-with-billions-at-risk-from-climate-change.html#slide16

http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-07-26/smelly-dumps-drive-away-affordable-homes-in-land-starved-mumbai

http://www.cnn.com/2016/02/05/asia/mumbai-giant-garbage-dump-fire/

Resources:

Lines of Evidence video from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine http://nas-sites.org/americasclimatechoices/videos-multimedia/climate-change-lines-of-evidence-videos/
Climate Literacy and Energy Awareness Network (CLEAN)
Climate maps from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Sources of data from NASA
Explore the original source of the Proceedings of the National Academies of Sciences (PNAS) study

Differentiated Instruction

For visual learners – use diagrams, encourage students to map out their arguments prior to writing them
For auditory learners – use the lines of evidence video
For ESL students – provide them with a variety of greenhouse gases diagrams, allow for a more flexible argument format and focus on general meaning-making – ex. using arrows to connect their sources of evidence to claims
For advanced learners – ask them to search through larger data sets and make comparisons between data from different sources; they can also research environmental policies and why they stalled out in congress
For learners that need more support – print out excerpts from articles; pinpoint the main ideas to help with the research; help students connect their evidence with their claims; consider allowing students to work in pairs to accomplish the writing task

Argument write-up – check that students’ arguments contain claims supported by evidence and reasoning and that they thought about possible weaknesses in their own arguments.

Case study letter – check that students included evidence in their letter.

References:

Duschl, R. A., & Osborne, J. (2002). Supporting and promoting argumentation discourse in science education.

Hand, B. et al. (2009) Negotiating Science: The Critical Role of Argumentation in Student Inquiry. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.

McNeill, K. L., & Krajcik, J. (2012). Claim, evidence and reasoning: Supporting grade 5 – 8 students in constructing scientiﬁc explanations. New York, NY: Pearson Allyn & Bacon.

Sawyer, R. K. (Ed.). (2014). The Cambridge handbook of the learning sciences. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.

https://www3.epa.gov/climatechange/kids/basics/today/greenhouse-gases.html

http://unhabitat.org/urban-themes/climate-change/

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Home / For Educators: Grades 6-12 / Climate Explained: Introductory Essays About Climate Change Topics

Climate Explained: Introductory Essays About Climate Change Topics

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Climate Explained, a part of Yale Climate Connections, is an essay collection that addresses an array of climate change questions and topics, including why it’s cold outside if global warming is real, how we know that humans are responsible for global warming, and the relationship between climate change and national security.

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Climate Change Basics: Five Facts, Ten Words

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Why should we care about climate change?

Having different perspectives about global warming is natural, but the most important thing that anyone should know about climate change is why it matters.

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Climate Change: What Must Be Done, Now

Writers argue for eating less meat, relocating to safer zones, promoting nuclear energy and passing a carbon tax.

To the Editor:

Re “ Adults Are Failing Us on Climate ,” by Greta Thunberg, Adriana Calderón, Farzana Faruk Jhumu and Eric Njuguna (Opinion guest essay, Sunday Review, Aug. 22):

I’m upset. I’m worried. I am angry because the adults have ruined Earth for my generation! You have trashed this world; you have polluted it. The fact that I, a 10-year-old, have to write this letter is proving your failure.

But if you believe that we can save the planet, then you can embrace change. You can vote for world leaders who will stop climate change! There are billions of children around the world, and all of us deserve to live in a world with clean oceans, clean air and a healthy planet.

Our lives are already being affected by climate change. Think about how horrible life could be for the next generation if we don’t act now. Heat waves would be so terrible they could actually make parts of the planet unsafe for us. And rising sea levels would be so serious that some coastal areas could become uninhabitable. We are at the beginning of a mass extinction; it’s been estimated that up to 200 species of plants and animals go extinct every single day , and that isn’t acceptable.

We must push world leaders to act on climate change so that life can continue. Change is coming, and only we can fix the future.

Lily G. Haussamen Las Cruces, N.M.

It is time to get serious. The conclusions of the sixth Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change report on climate change are devastating, and, unfortunately, not surprising. It’s too late to stop the natural disasters, conflicts and resource shortages that are coming.

For those of us who cannot afford to colonize space, here is my dead serious advice: Plan immediately to relocate to a buffer zone — the Great Lakes region or the Northeast — and buy property. Stake yourself on high ground and purchase flood insurance, sewer backup insurance and every kind of insurance. Hook yourself up to solar panels and a backup generator. Build swales and retention ponds to collect excess floodwater. Grow your own food.

If you haven’t already, scrap plans to have (or have more) children. Use the energy you would put toward nurturing a family into nurturing your community and fighting for survival on an increasingly inhospitable planet.

Demanding action from politicians is not enough. Run for office and get other climate activists to run for office. We need a government that actually protects our air, water and soil. Soon it will be a matter of life or death, if it is not already.

Clara Fang Detroit The writer is founder of Climate Diversity.

Re “ Humanity Must Take a Stand on Climate ” (editorial, Aug. 15):

There is no doubt about The Times’s commitment to climate change. So it’s very hard to understand how your editorial can entirely neglect agriculture, which causes roughly one third of direct emissions .

The United Nations predicts a steady increase in meat consumption over the next three decades, and with that increase will come huge increases in carbon emissions, plus methane and nitrous oxide, which are 30 and 300 times more warming than carbon. Education has not stemmed the tide, but making meat from plants and cultivating meat from cells could. No one is coming for anyone’s burger. These technologies create products that are indistinguishable from the meat Americans love, but with a fraction of the direct and indirect adverse climate impact .

We can’t keep ignoring the contribution of agriculture to climate change. If we really believe that climate change is “code red for humanity,” the climate community should support government funding for research as well as private sector incentives for plant-based and cultivated meat.

Bruce Friedrich Washington The writer is the founder and chief executive of the Good Food Institute.

As you say, the industrial world has known about this problem for decades but has done little. The science is clear-cut, but the politics are anything but. Any meaningful actions in the United States are met with stiff resistance from mainly one political party.

Having been concerned about this for a long time, including teaching about the problem at the University of California San Diego, I’m left wondering if before the planet can return to prehumanity conditions, humans have to cease to exist.

Jeffrey Bada Encinitas, Calif. The writer is professor emeritus of marine chemistry, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego.

Yes, a hotter future for this beautiful Earth is now locked in. And yes, we can and must act immediately to prevent the worst effects and preserve a livable world for our children, grandchildren and all beings.

However, the measures you recommended for mitigating this crisis left out one crucial tool: putting a price on carbon. Prominent economists agree that pricing carbon is the quickest and most effective way to immediately begin to bring down greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and stop escalating temperatures. Returning revenues to American households would help pay for the rising costs of goods and energy, and spur innovation in renewable energy.

Linda Reichert Chester Springs, Pa.

The editorial calls for big investments in wind, solar and nuclear power to move away from fossil fuels and get to zero net carbon emissions by 2050. Although unpopular, nuclear power will play a vital role that must not be undervalued.

While it’s been comforting to see the adoption of renewable power sources (hydro, wind and solar) and the grass roots efforts by citizens’ groups to get a carbon fee and dividend program passed by Congress, it’s not enough. Projections by the Energy Information Administration show that renewables will only cover about 42 percent of our demand for power by 2050. Nevertheless, we must fully phase out fossil fuels by then.

The only way to fill the gap is to accelerate the adoption of nuclear power. After high-profile incidents like Fukushima, the world has been moving in the other direction. We need to reverse this trend and rapidly deploy newer, safer and more cost-effective fourth-generation nuclear power technology . This is essential to halt the accelerating effects of climate change and buy us enough time to implement long-term power solutions.

William L. Bain Bellevue, Wash.

Re “ G.O.P. Shifts on Climate, but Not on Fossil Fuels ” (front page, Aug. 14):

The minuscule changes in policy positions of Republicans acknowledging that climate change is, at least in part, human-caused are an example of cynicism on steroids. It is not because they now understand the science better. It is because the position of denial is so out of step that it’s untenable, even for Republicans comfortable with the Big Lie.

They remain comfortable with another big lie — that we can continue burning fossil fuels and still be OK. They will trot out glib phrases meant to dismiss concern about emissions. They will try any spin to protect fossil fuel interests. Now that they are acknowledging the reality of human-caused climate change, protecting Big Oil is a stunning display of callous cynicism toward the citizens facing climate disasters.

Republicans already know that a carbon tax would reduce emissions and avoid an economic downturn, but they won’t support it until public opinion gives them no choice.

Gary M. Stewart Laguna Beach, Calif.

In an unintended way, Senator Bill Cassidy is absolutely correct when he says, “We cannot live without fossil fuels or chemicals, period, end of story.”

If this level of policy analysis continues to prevail on Capitol Hill, it is “end of story.” Of course we can’t shut down the petrochemical industry overnight, but we must transition quickly to a clean energy economy. The technology exists to do this. What doesn’t exist yet is the political will of the majority of our representatives, Republican and Democrat, to break away from their corporate benefactors and move quickly toward power generation that does not burn fossil fuels.

People, you and I, must get involved to get the message through to our politicians. Otherwise, “end of story” is an apt characterization for our planet.

John Burr Jacksonville, Fla.

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Climate Change Argument Essay: It's Happening And Fast

Type of paper: Argumentative Essay

Topic: Human , Climate Change , Global Warming , Environment , Environmental Issues , World , Nature , Development

Words: 1200

Published: 01/15/2020

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Introduction

Scientists over the years have been very pressing about the dangers and effects that a warming planet and changing climates can cause the world. Some of these effects include a drastic change in the weather, the likelihood of drought, an increased water demand coupled with a decreased supply, and a severe effect on health. Still, people do not seem to realize the gravity of their actions ignoring cautions and signs even if such are already in front of them. With or without regard to decades of piling evidences and many social and government efforts, one fact remains steadfast. “Climate change is happening and fast”. This argumentative essay about climate change is going to dig into that.

Main Cause of Climate Change: Nature and Human Activity

Many reports show that climate change can be mainly attributed to an imbalance to Earth’s energy brought about by: (1) changes in the greenhouse effect, (2) differences in the sun’s energy going to the Earth, and (3) changes in reflectivity of Earth’s atmosphere and surface (“Causes of Climate Change”). These occurrences are generally natural to the Earth, which means they occur to bring balance. The greenhouse effect is in reality beneficial to life on Earth. These gases retain heat from the sun in the Earth’s atmosphere instead of being released into space. Because of this, Earth becomes warmer making it more livable than any other planet in the solar system. During the past centuries, changes in climate are thought to be due to natural events such as volcanic eruptions, changes in solar energy and natural levels of greenhouse gases. The imbalance, on the other hand, is largely due to human activities and an increase in greenhouse gases (GHGs) emitted by humans. Greenhouse gases include carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and some chloroflourocarbons or CFCs (“Causes of Global Warming”). These chemicals are capable to trap varying amounts of heat such as CFCs, which can trap heat levels thousand times greater than carbon dioxide. However, of all these gases, CO2 still produces the greatest effect due to its large concentrations in the atmosphere.

Evidence of Cause through Human Activity

The Industrial Revolution starting from the 1700s saw the greatest increase in CO2 and greenhouse gas emissions owing to an increase in human activities. For instance, the recent industrialization gave rise to many factories and electricity-producing companies, the main activity of which is the combustion of fossil fuels. Coal mining and oil extraction from Earth’s crust also produces this same effect. Furthermore, deforestation to support other industrial activities such as agriculture takes away available trees that can absorb CO2 from the atmosphere and, thus, releases these carbons in the atmosphere once more (qtd. in Shah, 2012). Other sources of the gases include landfills and digestive systems of grazing animals from agriculture, which likely contain methane, fertilizers containing nitrous oxides, and industrial products previously containing CFCs. The continuing rising figures can be accounted to very recent and also continuing human activities in the world today. For instance, deforestation has been widely a great problem in the Brazilian Amazon ever since people can remember. While the extent of the activity has been reported to decrease during the past years, areas as large as states in the U.S. continue to be deforested every year. From the period of August 2010 – July 2011 about 6,200 km2 of forests were cut down (Castillo, 2011), a size similar to the size of the state of Delaware. The highest level amount of deforestation happened in 2004 when some 25,000 km2 were given away to loggers. This is, however, only data from government officials manning the area and does not consist yet of illegal loggers, which continue to grow due to the heightened regulations being imposed on illegal logging. In an interview with Davyth Stewart of Interpol, he claimed that “organized crime is looking seriously at the timber industry as a way of generating revenue, and also for laundering proceeds of crime” (Melik, 2012). Furthermore, the continued desire and plans of industrialization of a number of countries, from first-world to third-world countries has saw again an increase in the number of establishments such as factories burning fossil fuels. The 2011 report by the Bloomberg News claim that output of factories, mines and utilities has increased 0.2% overall amid the growing demand for automobiles and computers in the country during September of the same year (Kowalski, 2011). Third-world countries such as India are not one to be last. India’s recent industrialization marked the increase in diesel-powered cars and thus, particulate matters in the air like PM10s (Daigle, 2011). This increase, though may signify economic growth for the countries, also indicates increased carbon dioxide and greenhouse gases being emitted to the atmosphere.

“The Climategate”

There was one controversy, however, which circulated in November 2009, saying that the above claims by scientists regarding global warming and climate change had been exaggerated and records falsified. One of the leaked mails came from the head of CRU himself, Professor Phil Jones, saying “I’ve just completed ‘Mike’s Nature trick’ of adding in the real temps to each series for the last 20 years to hide the decline” (Armstrong, 2009). The statement gave the impression that much of the date about global warming were allegedly manipulated to hide decline in temperatures taken from tree rings from the 1980s to the present. Despite the allegations, proponents of climate change say that it is unlikely to alter any regulation talks regarding climate change saying that one uncertainty cannot overshadow overwhelming evidence saying otherwise.

There is no doubt in the fact that various human activities greatly account for the rapod increase in greenhouse gas and CO2 emissions and consequently global warming. With the piling evidences of scientists and supports from governmental and non-governmental institutions, and individuals themselves, there should have been enough to make people realize that the world is on the verge of a drastic change. If the causes of such a change cannot be lessened in the coming years, people can already experience heightened natural disasters brought about by changing climate conditions, which can be devastating. The first step to take towards this goal of a lessened greenhouse gas emission is to acknowledge the main cause of climate change and the role that human activity has in this cause.

Armstrong, Paul. Q&A: ‘Climategate’ explained. CNN, 7 December 2009. Web. 2 December 2012. Castillo, Mariano. Amazon deforestation at record low, Brazil says. CNN, 6 December 2011. Web. 1 December 2012. Daigle, Katy. Industrialization And India’s Brown Air Problem. Manufacturing. Net, 16 December 2011. Web 1 December 2012. Kowalski, Alex. Industrial Production in U.S. Increases on Cars, Computers. Business Week, 17 October 2011. Web. 1 December 2012. Melik, James. Interpol clamps down on illegal logging. BBC News UK, 10 September 2012. Web. 1 December 2012. National Geographic. Causes of Global Warming. National Geographic, n.d. Web. 1 December 2012. Shah, Anup. Climate Change and Global Warming Introduction. Global Issues, 5 March 2012. Web. 1 December 2012. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Causes of Climate Change. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Web. 1 December 2012.

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As climate change and pollution imperil coral reefs, scientists are deep-freezing corals to repopulate future oceans

Research Scientist, Smithsonian Institution

Disclosure statement

Mary Hagedorn receives funding from Revive & Restore; Paul M. Angell Family Foundation; Volgenau Foundation; CORDAP Foundation; Zegar Family Foundation; Oceankind; Mastriani Family; De Witt Family; Anela Kolohe Foundation; Cedar Hill Foundation; Sidney E. Frank Foundation; Scintilla Foundation; and the Smithsonian Women’s Committee. She is affiliated with Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute and the Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology.

Smithsonian Institution provides funding as a member of The Conversation US.

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Coral reefs are some of the oldest, most diverse ecosystems on Earth, and among the most valuable. They nurture 25% of all ocean life , protect coasts from storms and add billions of dollars yearly to the global economy through their influences on fisheries, new pharmaceuticals, tourism and recreation.

Today, the world’s coral reefs are degrading at unprecedented rates due to pollution, overfishing and destructive forestry and mining practices on land. Climate change driven by human activities is warming and acidifying the ocean , producing a reef crisis that could cause most corals to go extinct within a few generations .

I am a marine biologist at the Smithsonian’s National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute . For 17 years, I have worked with colleagues to create a global science program called the Reef Recovery Initiative that aims to help save coral reefs by using the science of cryopreservation .

This novel approach involves storing and cooling coral sperm and larvae, or germ cells , at very low temperatures and holding them in government biorepositories .

These repositories are an important hedge against extinction for corals. Managed effectively, they can help offset threats to the Earth’s reefs on a global scale. These frozen assets can be used today, 10 years or even 100 years from now to help reseed the oceans and restore living reefs.

Safely frozen alive

Cryopreservation is a process for freezing biological material while maintaining its viability. It involves introducing sugarlike substances, called cryoprotectants, into cells to help prevent lethal ice formation during the freezing phase. If done properly, the cells remain frozen and alive in liquid nitrogen, unchanged, for many years.

Many organisms survive through cold winters in nature by becoming naturally cryopreserved as temperatures in their habitats drop below freezing, Two examples that are common across North America are tardigrades – microscopic animals that live in mosses and lichens – and wood frogs .

Today, coral cryopreservation techniques rely largely on freezing sperm and larvae . Since 2007, I have trained many colleagues in coral cryopreservation and worked with them to successfully preserve coral sperm. Today we have sperm from over 50 species of corals preserved in biorepositories worldwide .

We have used this cryopreserved sperm to produce new coral across the Caribbean via a selective breeding process called assisted gene flow . The goal was to use cryopreserved sperm and interbreed corals that would not necessarily have encountered each other – a type of long-distance matchmaking.

Genetic diversity is maintained by combining as many different parents as possible to produce new sexually produced offspring. Since corals are cemented to the seabed, when population numbers in their area decline, new individuals can be introduced via cryopreservation. The hope is that these new genetic combinations might have an adaptation that will help coral survive changes in future warming oceans.

Two coral heads, one bleached white, the other still its natural brown color.

These assisted gene flow studies produced 600 new genetic-assorted individuals of the threatened elkhorn coral Acropora palmata . As of early 2024, there are only about 150 elkhorn individuals left in the wild in the Florida population. If given the chance, these selectively bred corals held in captivity could significantly increase the wild elkhorn gene pool.

Preserving sperm cells and larvae is an important hedge against the loss of biodiversity and species extinctions. But we can only collect this material during fleeting spawning events when corals release egg and sperm into the water.

These episodes occur over just a few days a year – a small time window that poses logistical challenges for researchers and conservationists, and limits the speed at which we can successfully cryo-bank coral species.

To complicate matters further, warming oceans and increasingly frequent marine heat waves can biologically stress corals. This can make their reproductive material too weak to withstand the rigors of being cryopreserved and thawed.

Scaling up the rescue

To collect coral material faster, we are developing a cryopreservation process for whole coral fragments, using a method called isochoric vitrification . This technique is still developing. However, if fully successful, it will preserve whole coral fragments without causing ice to form in their tissues, thus producing viable fragments after they’ve thawed that thrive and can be placed back out on the reef.

To do this, we dehydrate the fragment by exposing it to a viscous cryoprotectant cocktail. Then we place it into a small aluminum cylinder and immerse the cylinder in liquid nitrogen, which has a temperature of minus 320 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 196 Celsius) .

This process freezes the cylinder’s contents so fast that the cryoprotectant forms a clear glass instead of allowing ice crystals to develop. When we want to thaw the fragments, we place them into a warm water bath for a few minutes, then rehydrate them in seawater.

Using this method, we can collect and cryopreserve coral fragments year-round, since we don’t have to wait and watch for fleeting spawning events. This approach greatly accelerates our conservation efforts.

Protecting as many species as possible will require expanding and sharing our science to create robust cryopreserved-and-thawed coral material through multiple methods. My colleagues and I want the technology to be easy, fast and cheap so any professional can replicate our process and help us preserve corals across the globe.

We have created a video-based coral cryo-training program that includes directions for building simple, 3D-printed cryo-freezers , and have collaborated with engineers to develop new methods that now allow coral larvae to be frozen by the hundreds on simple, inexpensive metal meshes . These new tools will make it possible for labs around the world to significantly accelerate coral collection around the globe within the next five years.

Safeguarding the future

Recent climate models estimate that if greenhouse gas emissions continue unabated, 95% or more of the world’s corals could die by the mid-2030s . This leaves precious little time to conserve the biodiversity and genetic diversity of reefs.

One approach, which is already under way, is bringing all coral species into human care. The Smithsonian is part of the Coral Biobank Alliance , an international collaboration to conserve corals by collecting live colonies, skeletons and genetic samples and using the best scientific practices to help rebuild reefs.

To date, over 200 coral species, out of some 1,000 known hard coral species, and thousands of colonies are under human care in institutions around the world, including organizations connected with the U.S. and European arms of the Association of Zoos and Aquariums . Although these are clones of colonies from the wild, these individuals could be put into coral breeding systems that could be used for later cryopreservation of their genetically-assorted larvae. Alternatively, their larvae could be used for reef restoration projects.

Until climate change is slowed and reversed, reefs will continue to degrade. Ensuring a better future for coral reefs will require building up coral biorepositories, establishing on-land nurseries to hold coral colonies and develop new larval settlers, and training new cryo-professionals.

For decades, zoos have used captive breeding and reintroduction to protect animals species that have fallen to critically low levels. Similarly, I believe our novel solutions can create hope and help save coral reefs to reseed our oceans today and long into the future.

Climate change
Coral reefs
Marine biology
Ocean acidification
Captive breeding
Ocean warming
Genetic material
Ocean conservation

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The Regulatory Review In Depth

Assessing Financial Risk Amid Climate Risk

Brian connor.

Scholars urge banks and regulators to adapt financial risk models to respond to climate change.

Climate change presents many challenges across the economy, including increased payout risk for insurers, heightened borrowing costs for vulnerable communities, and massive agricultural losses from drought.

Banks can be exposed to these risks by lending to businesses and investing in assets across different industries and geographies. Stress tests are simulation exercises through which bank management and financial regulators assess how banks are likely to fare when faced with serious risks.

In a recent report , Viral V. Acharya , a professor at the New York University Stern School of Business , and several coauthors discuss how a stress test design that considers climate risk can help assess climate change’s impact on financial stability.

Under Federal Reserve System regulations and the Dodd-Frank Act , large banks must regularly conduct stress tests and report the results of such tests. The Federal Reserve uses this data to set the stress capital buffer requirement, which is designed to ensure that banks hold enough physical assets in their safes to cushion against a downturn.

Although the Federal Reserve has not yet signaled an intention to consider climate risk when developing stress test regulations, the European Central Bank has committed to consider climate change in its financial affairs.

Acharya and his coauthors explore how regulators can adapt the design and implementation of stress tests to incorporate climate risk.

Typically, regulators and bank managers design stress test scenarios by choosing a combination of economic and financial calamities that are known to challenge the resilience of individual banks and the broader financial system. For example, the Federal Reserve uses a “severely adverse scenario” featuring a large hike in unemployment accompanied by a collapse in residential and commercial real estate prices.

But climate change presents a different set of risks.

The Acharya team divides these risks into two types: physical risks and transition risks. Physical risks are related to the direct effects of climate change, such as floods and wildfires. Transition risks are associated with the technological and policy changes governments adopt to shift to a cleaner economy, such as electric vehicle adoption or carbon taxes.

These risks, which are still somewhat speculative and unknown, present difficulties in designing realistic stress test scenarios.

For instance, Acharya and his coauthors describe how aggressive policy changes aimed at preventing disasters will translate to an increase in short-term transition risks but might lead to a decline in long-run physical risks.

To balance short-term and long-run risks, the authors suggest that policymakers consider a variety of risk combinations across a portfolio of different scenarios. The De Nederlandsche Bank , for example, presents one scenario with a technological breakthrough paving the way for more renewable energy, another with a global increase in carbon emissions prices due to public policy measures, and a third with a combination of those scenarios.

Acharya and his coauthors suggest that banks use climate-informed stress test scenarios to model how different climate risks could impact them, and banks can better confront those risks by using stress tests that incorporate climate change.

Consider wildfires. The property damage from wildfires, Acharya and his coauthors explain , might imperil homeowners’ ability to pay their mortgages. A stress test model informed by climate risk would therefore show an increase in credit risk for the bank that holds these mortgages. Homes near the wildfires might also decline in value. This decline would hurt local property tax revenues, which could make it harder for cities and towns to pay off their debts, thus increasing the default risk of the municipal bonds that banks hold. A normal stress test might not be granular enough to identify these specific risks, but a climate-targeted stress test would be.

Climate change can also increase liquidity risk for banks. Depositors often withdraw funds to pay for immediate needs after a natural disaster. As natural disasters increase in frequency, a climate stress test could predict that the bank may struggle to meet its regulatory capital requirements . If a bank’s deposits are concentrated in a particular geographic area—which is often the case—the outcome of the stress test could be even more grave. Knowledge of these risks would encourage banks to geographically diversify.

Finally, if carbon taxes and other transition policies curb growth in carbon-heavy industries, climate-informed stress tests would warn banks with exposure to depositors in these industries that they should account for future liquidity difficulties.

Acharya and his coauthors suggest that U.S. regulators should contribute to research on the climate risks that banks face. Policymakers should invest in developing better ways of estimating the relationships between different risks, which will improve stress test scenarios, Acharya and his coauthors argue .

Some central banks outside of the United States have begun doing this. The Australian Prudential Regulation Authority and the Bank of Canada have adopted and modified scenarios and predictions from the Network for Greening the Financial System , a consortium of central banks and supervisors.

Climate change presents new risks to many individuals and businesses across the economy. Through deposits, loans, and investments, large banks could find themselves exposed to a combination of risks in the future. By incorporating climate risk into their stress test exercises, regulators and banks will be better equipped to understand emerging threats to financial stability, Acharya and his coauthors conclude .

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Argumentative Essay On Climate Change

Many people do not fear the effects of climate change because global warming is a gradual and vastly impersonal thing, and it causes the people no immediate danger now to really fear per say. This appears to be true, a poll conducted by Yale University shows that 65% of people believe that global warming will harm future generations of people and a little more than half that number believe that climate change will affect them personally. The majority of issues that grasp our attention are things that involve P.A.I.N, according to Daniel Gilbert a psychologist. P.A.I.N is an acronym for threats that affect us personally, abruptly, immorally, and now. Another reason why many people don’t believe in climate change is that we have a “pool of worry”, …show more content…

When it comes to the views on climate change, the liberals and the conservatives appear to be on different earths. The greatest question is whether humans are primarily responsible for climate change. In a survey where 1,534 Americans were selected at random with varying political views were asked what they think about climate change and humans’ role in climate change. Liberal Democrats 79% and 64% of moderate Democrats said yes, that humans were the primary cause of climate change. While, an astonishing 85% of conservative Republicans did not believe that human conduct is the cause of the changing climate. 36% of conservatives stated that there was “no solid evidence” that climate change is even real, much less caused by human activity. On the other hand, an increasing amount of Americans, Democrats and Republicans, agree that there is solid evidence that the Earth’s average temperature has been increasing. However, attitudes among various different political views, Democrats and Republicans, about global warming and the correct course of action regarding “stricter environmental laws remain deeply divided along partisan lines” (The Partisan Divide on Political Values Grows Even Wider). Of course there are other factors besides political party play a role in these statistics. Age, education levels, and income also change the views on whether climate change is happening. The younger population is more accepting of the facts supporting changing climate than the older population and those “with higher education levels are more likely than those with less education to say stricter environmental regulations are worth the cost” (The Partisan Divide on Political Values Grows Even Wider). This is also true with family income those with more income are far more likely to say and take action in protecting the environment than those who earn

Argumentative Essay: Climate Change In The United States

Thank you for taking your time to listen to what I have to say. We all know that we are part of one of the strongest and proudest nations in the world which can make anything happen when we have our greatest minds set to do any goal. Now I am here to tell you we have a new step we must take before we move on to our future which is to put to rest a controversial topic which is climate change within our country. The reason why I bring up this topic is that every American deserve to live a full life in their pursuit of happiness in the United States of America but if the climate is endangering the daily lives of fellow Americans we must react to this threat in time before the effects become permanent to remove. This problem is becoming more noticeable

Sandra Steingraber Despair Not Summary

Climate change is one of today’s most hotly debated topic. Scientists for many decades have made supposed claims that current energy creation and reliance on fossil fuels will lead to inevitable changes to the planet. Today, climate change denial is still a popular to most of the world despite the mounds of evidence to support that it exists. The climate change issue suffers from being mismanaged by various parties through focusing on the wrong issues and the lack of true commitment from the general public, according to Sandra Steingraber.

Persuasive Essay On Climate Change

As a kid who has cared about nature his entire life, and an avid modern environmentalist for four years and counting, this issue has been at the center of my psyche for quite some time. I have seen public perspective on this issue change before my eyes. From the original rejection of Al Gore’s Inconvenient Truth movie on “global warming” to personally marching alongside 300,000 people in our nation's capital to raise awareness on climate change. However, despite all of these avenues the issue is still spoken about as this distant idea that eventually will be a disaster. Many politicians and news networks speak of the need for slow implementation of policies and programs to right our environmental wrongs. The best way to paraphrase the common narrative of this issue would be to say, climate change is going to happen down the road, it will probably be bad and trying to fix it in the near future would be a good idea. That weak call to action shoves climate change onto the long to-do list of the leaders of our world. Not only does it not create the urgency needed to actually curb the effects of our environmental ignorance, but it does not accurately describe the threat of a changing climate. Treating this like a political issue will not allow for the rigorous changes needed to address such a problem in the timely manner that is required.

Global Warming Argumentative Essay

The Global Warming theory has become increasingly popular over the past few years. Citizens of the world are being encouraged to be more environmentally conscious by others including politicians, celebrities, and world organizations. The problem with the theory lies in the fact that it has become more and more controversial as it gains publicity and attention. The basic concept behind this theory is that the earth was made with a balance of “greenhouse gasses”. These gasses are naturally occurring within the atmosphere and they essentially make the planet habitable by keeping it warm.

Climate Change And Extreme Scare Tactics Of Polar Ice Caps Floods Civilians Backyards

Climate change has been a subject of discussion in the media for many years, supported with the use of arguments against oil polluting the environment and extreme scare tactics of Polar ice caps flooding civilians backyards. The issue has been ignored by the majority of lay people as seeming too complicated, and with all the conflicting information in the media in the past, who can blame them? However, scientifically, climate change and what perpetrates it is fairly simple to understand and society as a whole is beginning to come to a clear consensus on climate change. Thanks in part to more readily available forms of media and information, people have become cognizant of the fact that climate change is a legitimate problem which requires immediate amelioration. While this may seem melodramatic, society is realizing that climate change is an issue which can no longer be denied if the human race wishes to continue.

Should Americans Be Aware Of And Believe In Global Warming?

In 2007, 85% of Americans were convinced that global warming was happening. Ever since then numbers have been steadily lowering (Stanford University). Each year, less Americans have become aware of climate change although climate change has become a bigger threat to animals and humans. About 50% of Americans believe that action to prevent global warming should be taken right now (Yale University). However, a great deal of people do not believe that climate change is ruining the environment. They are just letting the environment get destroyed until it is too late. Americans should be aware and believe in global warming. The history and supporting information relates to the

Global Warming In Florida

Both sides of the argument have seemingly legitimate arguments for why they’re right and the opposing side is wrong. Contrary to popular belief, not all scientists believe that global warming is real while some conservatives believe that

Climate change is something that affects us all as a human race, and we need to do something about it immediately. Ultimately, climate change is dangerous and upon us more than we realize. While there are some individuals who don't believe it exists at all, there are some who simply believe it is not caused by humans on this planet. My goal for this paper is to make aware the dangers that climate change poses to our planet and the human race. While doing this, I hope to provide fact-based evidence that supports the claim that we, as humans, cause the dangerous phenomena that is climate change and that we need to change our course of action before it is too late.

Climate Change Argument Essay

“There are many different views on climate change, and how people view it. Climate change is a debated topic by many different researchers and scientists. Some people think we are causing it, some people think modern technology is causing it, and some people think that it isn’t even happening at all. Creationists don’t deny climate change, but what they do deny is, The worldview-based assumptions that determine secular scientists’ interpretations and conclusions about the evidence” (Foley, Avery. “Science Confirms Climate Change!”). As Christians we need to use the earth in ways that benefit humans because we have been given dominion over the earth. “The Lord God took the man and put him in the Garden of Eden to work it and keep it.” (New International

Over the years there has been a lot of controversy on if climate change is an issue that needs to be discussed and solved. There is a constant debate among scientist on if human actions are contributing the changing of earth’s climates. Climate change is defined as the change in average weather patterns for a specific region or Earth as a whole. This could include the change in an average temperature for a city or the amount a rainfall it receives (Dunbar, 2015). The main difference between weather and climate is the period of time specific patterns are recorded. Weather patterns are looked at over a much shorter period of time, meaning that these patterns are going to be more sporadic and change more frequently. Climate on the other had is recorded over a much longer period of time and usually show less drastic changes in patterns when compared to weather. Some people may argue that climate change is not an issue because Earth’s temperature is always changing do to natural effects. What people don’t realize is that human activity has effected the rate that earth’s temperature is changing, and just the smallest changes can lead to drastic consequences (Dunbar, 2015).

Climate change has undoubtedly become one of the most prominent debate topics in the world today. With that being said, there are multiple aspects of climate change currently being discussed; causes of climate change, the idea that climate change may be a hoax, and whether or not climate change affects human health are three of the many ongoing debates about climate change. Climate change is surrounded by negative connotations, but Jay Leno, former host of NBC’s The Tonight Show, shed some light on the darkness of climate change, saying "According to a new U.N. report, the global warming outlook is much worse than originally predicted. Which is pretty bad when they originally predicted it would destroy the planet.” Although his first statement is rather true, Leno manages to lighten its load with a less true, but hilarious, comment. His words force one to realize that climate change impacts everyone in any area of the health triangle, whether it be through a joke such as Leno’s, or directly through issues such as pollution and pollen; the areas of the health triangle include physical health, mental/emotional health, and social health. Therefore, climate change is a threat to all aspects of human health; social health, mental/emotional health, and physical health.

Climate change also known as global warming, is the rise in the Earth's surface temperatures. Even though the rise in the Earth's surface temperature may be slight it can still have a wide range of effects on ecosystems, rising sea levels, severe weather events, and droughts. A staggering amount of scientist believe that climate change is caused mainly due to the human use of fossil fuels. When fossil fuels are used, carbon dioxide is released along with other greenhouse gases into the air. Those gases trap the heat within the atmosphere. Some examples of ways humans use fossil fuels are oil, coal, and natural gas. Humans depend on theses fossil fuels to function everyday life. For example we use these fuels to heat our homes, run our vehicles, and are used in the power industry to produce electricity.

“There’s one issue that will define the contours of this century more dramatically than any other, and that is the urgent threat of a changing climate.” - Barack Obama. Climate change has been a popular topic of discussion, because of the threat to our environment. The world will forever be changed if climate change isn’t taken into serious consideration and not in a good way. Climate change has been a popular topic of discussion, because of the threat to our environment. Climate change has had many negative effects, for example, damage to coral reefs, the increase of wildfires, and most importantly rising sea levels. The damage to our earth cannot always be undone nevertheless it can make some things disappear forever.

Argumentative Essay On Global Warming

Humans don't like being wrong. It's embarrassing, uncomfortable to believe something and then be confronted about it. So that's why there's still high percentage of people who don't believe in the change in climate. People who work with oil companies don't want to acknowledge it because it can ruin their business. Politicians ignore the problem because it costs money to fix our past mistakes. That fear, people being scared, it makes us shut down. But we can try ignoring the problem, but the thing about problems is, they can be ignored but they never truly disappear. Weather may feel the same as every other year, but The whole world is heating up, including our vast oceans.

Global warming is the constant increase of temperature in the earth’s atmosphere that is caused by the increase of carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons, greenhouse gases and many other pollutants. Chlorofluorocarbons are any type of compounds of carbon, hydrogen, chlorine, and fluorine which are harmful to the ozone layer. Global warming can affect many things, one example is the rising of temperature which can result in different types of disasters like storms, heat waves, floods, and droughts. Global warming also causes Higher death rates, Dirtier air, Higher wildlife extinction rates, the increase of Acidic Oceans, and Higher seas levels. In this essay, I will provide information that will show how harmful global warming can be to not only the earth but to humans and animals, and what we can do to prevent it from increasing.