virginia bar exam essay subject frequency chart

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[The MEE One-Sheets were] [a]bsolutely the best choice I made when studying the MEE. I have been licensed in California for over ten years but was having difficulty finding the patterns in the essays for the MEE, these one-sheets really helped ease my mind and I felt so much more prepared to focus on the real issues that I would face in the exam. I went into the day more confident than I would have without the one-sheets.

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Multistate Essay Exam Subject Frequency Chart 

Looking for a good Multistate Essay Exam (MEE) subject frequency chart? We have compiled a chart of the essay subjects tested on the MEE since 2011 through the most recent exam.

Please click on the above image to make it larger!

Note that the subjects tested on the Feb 2023 bar exam were: 

• Agency & Partnership / LLCs
• Trusts and Future Interests
• Civil Procedure
• Secured Transactions
• Criminal Procedure

The essay chart will show you which subjects tend to be super highly tested (ahem, Civil Procedure!) and which ones are not tested as often (Criminal Law, Criminal Procedure, and Conflict of Laws).  You can also see the subjects that have a higher chance (and a lower chance) of appearing on your essay exam (Torts, Evidence, and Constitutional Law, for example, are less popular than some of the other subjects, like Contracts, Real Property, etc.) If you would like to read a post that discusses the Multistate Essay Exam in more detail, please see this post .

If you are looking for only the six essays that have been tested on the Uniform Bar Exam, please see this post for our UBE Chart .  We recommend you review this Uniform Bar Exam/MEE chart (in lieu of the one below) if you are taking the Uniform Bar Exam.

Please review our MEE highly tested topics guide here (for free) and watch the videos to see the highly tested MEE topics. (You can view this guide online or download it!). We cover the highly tested topics for each MEE subject.

Below find an updated bar exam question frequency chart.

Click on the picture to make it bigger!

Please see a list of all MEE subjects tested each year in this post . Please see a more detailed analysis of what is likely to appear on the MEE by checking out our UBE frequency chart here .

Wondering what the highly tested issues on the MEE are? 

We have a few different resources that tell you exactly what you need to know!

Please review our MEE highly tested topics guide here (for free) and watch the videos to see the highly tested MEE topics. (You can view this guide online or download it!). We cover the highly tested topics for each MEE subject. We also update it each administration so you are getting the most up-to-date information available!

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Virginia Essay Exam Subject Changes in 2020

Has Virginia Changed the Topics Tested on the Essay Exam?

In a rule change in 2020, the Virginia Board of Bar Examiners made some changes to the topics that can be tested on the Virginia Essay Exam. While these changes have led to many concerns and questions, when you break down precisely what the Board did, very little has changed. The takeaway is that Federal Taxation will no longer be tested. The other changes are mostly cosmetic, and don’t affect how you should study.

Let’s take a more in-depth look at the subject area changes to the exam.

Was conflict of laws removed.

Probably not. This topic has appeared on the exam with some regularity. But Conflict of Laws is always tested within another subject. Recently it was tested in the context of a contract dispute within a question that also covered many aspects of Virginia procedure. Conflict of Laws is really a set of rules that fall within Virginia and Federal Procedure. So its removal from the list doesn’t mean much. This topic could still very well be tested on the exam, despite being removed from the list. Only time will tell whether the Board intended to completely remove this, or if they merely were consolidating it under procedure, and still intend to test on these rules. For now, don’t stop studying Conflict of Laws.

Was Sales Removed?

No. In the old rules, “sales” was listed as its own subject, separate from “Uniform Commercial Code.” But it is still tested . Note that the Board also specifically added something to the UCC subject. Before, it said only “Uniform Commercial Code” and within that subject area, they tested Secured Transactions & Negotiable Instruments. Now, it says, “Uniform Commercial Code (Articles 2, 3A, & 9A).” The Board is specifying which sections of the UCC it intends to test. Article 2 is Sales, Article 3 is Negotiable Instruments, and Article 9 is Secured Transactions. They’ve made only cosmetic changes to the list here. The testable topics remain exactly the same.

Was Trusts Removed?

No. Under the old rules, Trusts was listed separately from Wills. In recent years, the examiners have tended to test Wills more frequently than Trusts. Here, the Board has merely consolidated Trusts into “Wills and Estate Administration.” The subject area is now called “Wills, Trusts, and Estates.” This covers the exact topic areas that have always been tested, and so this does not represent a substantive change to the exam at all.

Was Taxation Removed?

Yes. This was a subject that was rarely tested anyway, but it appears the Board has completely removed this. Don’t waste time studying taxation for future exams.

Your Study Plan With The New Essay Topic Areas

As always, closely following the exam after every administration is the only sure way we will know how the Board intends to test going forward. But these rule changes are not especially meaningful. True, you do not need to study Taxation, but you shouldn’t have been spending much time on that anyway because it is so infrequently tested and when it was tested it was worth relatively few points on any given exam. Other than that, your study plan should not change based on these topic adjustments by the Board.

For those who enroll in LexBar , you will see that our topic hierarchy chart does not directly mirror the way that the Board lists the testable topics. That’s because their list is not the best way to prioritize your studying. For example, LexBar will list UCC Article 2 at a higher study-priority than Articles 3A and 9A, due to the lower subject frequency and apparent weight of points when each of those latter two appear on the exam. Therefore, those are listed as three separate topics on our list. Similarly, the subject “Wills, Trusts, and Estates” appears on the LexBar priority list separately, because the Board more frequently tests Wills than Trusts. Those are just two examples to illustrate that you should not use the Board’s alphabetized list to prioritize your study time.

As you study, remember to spend your time in proportion to the frequency and weight of the subject areas. You can’t learn everything from all 18 subject areas. Learn a little about everything, and a lot about a few things. Memorization combined with a good strategy and a lot of practice will help you pass the Virginia Bar Exam.

The Smart Guide to the West Virginia Bar Exam

A guide to mastering the west virginia bar exam, west virginia bar exam format.

West Virginia is a Uniform Bar Exam (UBE) jurisdiction. All UBE jurisdictions use the same 3 sections:

Multistate Bar Exam (MBE)

Multistate essay exam (mee), multistate performance test (mpt).

2 writing assignments

West Virginia Bar Exam Dates

 Feb. 2024 exam: Feb. 27-28, 2024  July 2024 exam: July 30-31, 2024

*The West Virginia Bar Exam takes place on the last Tuesday & Wednesday of February and July.

How to Prepare for the West Virginia Bar Exam

(FREE Study Guides)

Part 1: Smart Guide to MBE

Part 2: Smart Guide to MEE

Part 3: Smart Guide to MPT

Click the links above for FREE study guides covering each section of the bar exam.

Contact Info

West Virginia Board of Law Examiners City Center East, Ste. 700 B 4700 MacCorkle Ave., SE Charleston, WV 25304

Website:        http://www.courtswv.gov/ Phone:         (304) 558-7815

Frequency Charts

(FREE Charts & Statistics)

MBE Frequency Analysis

MEE Frequency Analysis

MPT Frequency Analysis

Click the links above for FREE Frequency Charts covering each section of the bar exam.

Subjects Tested on West Virginia Bar Exam

Mee essay subjects.

• Business Associations (Agency, Partnerships, Corporations, LLC’s)
• Civil Procedure
• Conflict of Laws
• Constitutional Law
• Criminal Law & Procedure
• Real Property
• Secured Transactions
• Trusts & Future Interests
• Wills & Estates

MBE Subjects

• Criminal Law & Procedure
• Real property

Minimum Passing Score

For West Virginia, the UBE minimum passing score is 270.

Jurisdiction-Specific Component

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Bar Exam Preparation

Past Bar Exam Essays and Performance Tests (PTs)

Where do you find essays and performance tests from past exams to practice on?

Rather than have you go hunting for them or flip through your bar course materials, I’ve compiled past essays and PTs for California . I also link to past MEE and MPT questions from various UBE jurisdictions.

California : Here are downloadable California Bar Exam essays and selected answers going back to 2001, and California performance tests (PTs) and selected answers.

👉 See also the essay answer bank for real graded answers

👉 CA essays – frequency chart and issue chart (use this to find when topics were tested)

UBE: Downloadable MEE questions and representative answers

NCBE MEE Questions and Analyses are available from 2013 July to 2018 February.

Representative answers to MEE questions are available from various states (some may be missing):

• Arkansas from 2013 February to 2021 February
• Maryland from 2019 July to 2023 February
• Minnesota from 2020 September to 2023 February
• New York from 2016 July to 2023 February
• South Dakota from 2019 February to 2021 February

MPT questions and answers are below this section. Click here to jump to MPT.

MEE questions

Sample answers: Maryland , Minnesota

Sample answers: Maryland , Minnesota , New York

Sample answers: Arkansas , Maryland , Minnesota , New York , South Dakota

MEE questions (October version)

Sample answers: Maryland , New York , South Dakota

Sample answers: Arkansas , New York , South Dakota

Sample answers: Arkansas , New York

NCBE Questions and Analyses

Sample answers: Arkansas

UBE: Downloadable MPT questions and representative answers

NCBE MPT Questions and Point Sheets are available from 2013 July to 2018 February.

Representative answers to MPT questions are available from various states (some may be missing):

• Georgia from 2011 July to 2023 February

MEE questions and answers are above this section. Click here to jump to MEE.

MPT questions

Sample answers: Georgia , Maryland , Minnesota , New York

Sample answers: Arkansas MPT-1 MPT-2 , Georgia , Maryland , Minnesota , New York , South Dakota

MPT question (one MPT administered)

Sample answers: Georgia , Maryland , New York , South Dakota

Sample answers: Arkansas MPT-1 MPT-2 , Georgia , New York , South Dakota

Sample answers: Georgia , New York

NCBE Questions and Point Sheets

Sample answers: Arkansas , Georgia , New York

Sample answers: Arkansas , Georgia

Sample answers

UBE: Links to find past MEE questions and answers, past MPT questions and answers, and MEE and MPT analyses

The files above were sourced from these places:

• Free MEE questions and analyses from NCBE
• Free MPT questions and point sheets from NCBE
• If you want the official analyses for more recent ones, you can find them in the MEE study aids (paid)
• Arkansas MEE and MPT questions and best answers (2013 and on)
• Minnesota’s representative answers (last few years)
• Maryland’s representative answers (last few years)
• South Dakota’s representative answers (last few years)
• New York Past Exam Essay Questions with Sample Candidate Answers (2016 July and on)
• Georgia Essay (not MEE) and MPT Questions and Selected Answers (2011 July and on include MPT questions and sample answers)
• Colorado MEE and MPT selected answers (past year)

Others : Check your state bar website or law school’s academics resources to see if it offers questions and selected answers

• Nevada offers sample passing answers for essays and PTs going back to 2007
• A Virginia law school offers past Virginia bar exams to review

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Bar Prep Resources: Home

• Essay Exams

Welcome to your one-stop resource for supplemental bar prep materials!  Many of the below resources provide tips as well as practice exams to help you hone your exam-taking skills.  The first page or tab lists resources related to general information on this topic followed by other tabs concerning specific exams.  

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Bar Admissions Laws - 50 State Survey

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Past Virginia Bar Exams

Below, students can find PDF images of actual Virginia bar exams for the last several years.

• February: Summary of Answers
• July: Summary of Answers
• September: Summary of Answers
• July: Summary of Answers 
• February : Summary of Answers
• February: Section 1 Questions | Section 2 Questions
• July: Section 1 Questions | Section 2 Questions | Summary of Answers
• July: Section 1 Questions | Section 2 Questions