essay on corruption free pakistan

Corruption In Pakistan Essay | 500 Words & 800 Words

by Pakiology | Mar 22, 2024 | Essay , English | 2 comments

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1) 500 Words Essay On Corruption In Pakistan

2) 800 words essay on corruption in pakistan, understanding corruption in pakistan, the causes of corruption in pakistan, the consequences of corruption in pakistan, the way forward: tackling corruption in pakistan.

Corruption is a pervasive problem in Pakistan that has negatively impacted the country’s economy and political stability. It is the abuse of public office for private gain, and it is a major obstacle to Pakistan’s development.

There are many causes of corruption in Pakistan, including a lack of transparency in government institutions, weak law enforcement, and a lack of accountability. In addition, corruption is often seen as a way for people to get ahead in a society that is plagued by inequality and a lack of opportunities.

One of the most prominent forms of corruption in Pakistan is corruption in the public sector. Government officials often demand bribes from citizens in order to provide them with services that they are entitled to, such as issuing licenses or permits. This not only undermines the rule of law but also discourages investment and stifles economic growth.

Another major problem in Pakistan is corruption in the private sector. Companies often bribe government officials in order to secure contracts or other favors, which can lead to inefficient and wasteful use of public resources. This not only harms the economy but also undermines public trust in the government and private institutions.

There are several factors that contribute to the high levels of corruption in Pakistan. One of the main reasons is the lack of accountability and transparency in the country’s political and economic systems. This allows corrupt individuals to operate with impunity, as they are able to conceal their activities and avoid being held accountable for their actions.

Another contributing factor is the widespread poverty in Pakistan. Many people are willing to engage in corrupt activities in order to make ends meet, as they see it as a means of surviving in a difficult economic environment.

Furthermore, corruption is often perpetuated by a lack of strong institutions and effective laws to prevent and punish it. In many cases, the government and law enforcement agencies are themselves involved in corrupt activities, which makes it difficult to address the problem.

The consequences of corruption in Pakistan are severe. It undermines the rule of law and weakens public trust in the government, leading to social and political instability. It also hinders economic development and stifles entrepreneurship, as it creates an uneven playing field for businesses and discourages investment.

In order to combat corruption in Pakistan, it is essential for the government to implement strong legal frameworks and institutional mechanisms to promote accountability and transparency. This could include measures such as stricter laws against corruption, better oversight of public officials and institutions, and improved access to information for the general public.

Additionally, there needs to be a cultural shift in the country towards greater integrity and honesty. This can be achieved through education and awareness-raising campaigns, as well as by encouraging a sense of social responsibility among the people of Pakistan.

In conclusion, corruption is a major challenge in Pakistan that needs to be addressed in order to promote economic development and political stability. By implementing effective legal frameworks and promoting a culture of integrity, it is possible to combat corruption and build a more just and prosperous society.

Pakistan, a country known for its rich cultural heritage, is facing numerous challenges in its journey toward becoming a developed nation. One of the most persistent and widespread issues that the country has been grappling with is corruption. Corruption in Pakistan has reached a level where it is not only hampering the economic growth of the country but also undermining the social and political fabric.

Corruption can be defined as the abuse of power or position for personal gain. It takes many forms, from bribery and embezzlement to nepotism and fraud. In Pakistan, corruption has permeated all levels of society, from the lowest echelons to the highest. It has become so widespread that it is now considered a norm in the country.

There are several factors that have contributed to the high levels of corruption in Pakistan. Some of the major causes include:

Lack of effective government institutions:

The government institutions in Pakistan are not strong enough to prevent corruption. There is a lack of accountability and transparency in the workings of these institutions, making it easier for corrupt officials to carry out their activities without fear of consequences.

Political instability:

Political instability has been a constant in Pakistan’s history, which has contributed to widespread corruption in the country. When political leaders are more focused on retaining power and advancing their own interests, they are less likely to prioritize the fight against corruption.

Poverty and income inequality:

Poverty and income inequality are also contributing factors to corruption in Pakistan. When people are struggling to make ends meet, they may be more likely to engage in corrupt activities to earn extra income.

Weak rule of law:

The weak rule of law in Pakistan has also contributed to the high levels of corruption in the country. When laws are not enforced and the justice system is unable to hold corrupt officials accountable, it is easier for corruption to thrive.

The consequences of corruption in Pakistan are far-reaching and damaging. Some of the major consequences include:

Hampering economic growth:

Corruption has a significant impact on the economy of the country. It undermines investment and creates an environment that is hostile to business. This leads to lower economic growth, less job creation, and decreased prosperity for the people of Pakistan.

Undermining social and political fabric:

Corruption not only undermines the economy but also the social and political fabric of the country. When people lose faith in the government and its institutions, it creates a void that can be filled by extremist and extremist ideologies.

Impeding development:

Corruption also impedes development by diverting resources away from areas that need them most. When public funds are misused or stolen, it means that schools, hospitals, and other public services are not receiving the support they need to provide quality services to the people.

Discouraging foreign investment:

Corruption can also discourage foreign investment, as investors are less likely to invest in a country where they perceive a high risk of corruption. This means that the country misses out on the benefits of foreign investment, such as job creation and economic growth.

Tackling corruption in Pakistan will require a multi-faceted approach that involves the government, civil society, and the private sector. Some of the measures that could be taken include:

Strengthening government institutions:

The government must take steps to strengthen its institutions and make them more accountable and transparent. This can be done by implementing effective anti-corruption measures, such as setting up independent watchdog agencies and increasing transparency in the workings of government institutions.

Improving the rule of law:

The government must also work to improve the rule of law in the country, by enforcing laws and regulations that prevent corruption, and by ensuring that corrupt officials are held accountable.

Encouraging civil society engagement:

Civil society can play an important role in tackling corruption in Pakistan, by raising awareness about the issue, advocating for reforms, and monitoring government activities.

Promoting ethics and integrity:

The private sector can also play a role by promoting ethics and integrity in their own operations, and by supporting anti-corruption initiatives.

Increasing transparency and accountability:

The government must also take steps to increase transparency and accountability in its operations, by making its activities more open and accessible to the public.

Providing education and training:

The government can provide education and training to its citizens, particularly the youth, on the dangers and consequences of corruption, and on the importance of integrity and ethical behavior.

In conclusion, corruption in Pakistan is a major barrier to development, and it is essential that the government, civil society, and private sector work together to tackle this issue. While there is no easy solution to corruption, the steps outlined above, if implemented effectively, can help to reduce corruption and create a more prosperous and just society in Pakistan.

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Corruption in Pakistan Essay in English With Outline

Corruption in Pakistan plays a role in termites in the country. It slowly and gradually consumes all the strengths and power of the country, leaving it with hollowness. In Pakistan corruption is more like a national game. It is present at every level of profession, whether it’s the noblest profession i.e. teaching and Medical any other profession in the world. In the government education sector, teachers are corrupt. They get a salary for teaching in schools or colleges but they do not play their role as a good teacher in college which enforces students to get tuition from the same teachers privately.

Essay Outline On Corruption In Pakistan

• Corruption Definition
• Different Elements of Corruption
• Causes of Corruption
• Accountability in our Country
• No Rules and Laws
• Salaries are Low
• Our Judiciary System
• Basic Facility of Life in Pakistan
• Need to Find Some New Anti-Corruption Strategy
• Effects of Corruption on Country
• Role of NAB
• Steps to Take for Corruption

If we talk about the medical profession, corruption is there. A survey was conducted which reported that 42% of individuals responded that gaining access to hospital services was by a method other than the standard procedure of admission.  Country Politics is becoming the domestic game for the people. They are playing politics and corrupting every field of life.

Let’s put light on the other sector of government.  According to research, corruption is very much evident in the lower levels of the police in Pakistan. We can imagine if our protection provider people are corrupt this country can be safe. In fact, many citizens consider the police to be the most corrupt sector of the Pakistani government.

The threat of corruption in Pakistan is neither the government nor party-centric but it is the system and framework driven. As per figures performed by Transparency International, Pakistan has lost an unbelievably heightened amount just because of corruption, bad government, and tax evasion which was more than Rs. 8.5 trillion (US $94 billion), because of corruption, bad government, and tax dodging. According to an advisory of Transparency International, Pakistan does not require a single rupee as foreign aid if it starts correcting its internet governance and systems. This proves that Pakistan is a pretty rich country but only because of corruption and dishonesty does it lack in development and growth.

We as citizens, if united, can get rid of all the corruption in our country and can contribute to making this country beautiful and worth living.

Corruption Free Pakistan Dream Or Reality

As we all know the fight on top of corruption has been taking the shape of global dimensions. It is all stepping across in order to realize the grave socio-economic threats being posed by the side of corruption.  In all the spheres of the human regions, Pakistan has been much affected by Corruption.  It has been on the whole coming out to be known as one of the Pakistan nation’s most formidable challenges and threats for the future generation too.

If we talk about the recent case of corruption. So the opposition leader was arrested by the hand of NAB and millions of rupees were recovered from them. So NAB is the only department who trying to control corruption and recover money from corrupt people. According to a recent report of Transparency, our country has almost control over corruption but in some departments, many people are still doing the corruption. We can say our country is going out from corruption and as soon we will enroll in those countries that are corruption-free.

The campaign in opposition to corruption is one such kind of criterion that we have been witnessing with the direct and important staking. Corruption has been on the whole retard with the pace of development and hence impedes development-based activities.

The government of Pakistan is not paying much attention on top of the removal of corruption and hence no brighter future is being figured out.  It is leading to the way of a serious reduction in the timeline of the development programs and hence resulting in the increase in the maintenance of public assets.  Over the aspect of the stability of societies, corruption has come about to emerge as one of the major potential threats. This has definitely caused breaches in the social order of the world. It is simply damaging and appears to be the biggest threat to the long-established values which has evolved over the long centuries of the civilized struggle. Now here we end today’s topic which is “Essay on Corruption Free Pakistan Dream Or Reality “.

Say No To Corruption

Corruption is one such word that you might have to listen to every single day from the world of politics. Not just the politics but sometimes this action does take place in our surroundings as well. But still, we would never get to learn the idea of why we stay silent on it, and finally, we do end up facing its repercussions. We would be aware or might not be aware of the fact that this is damaging the roots of our society slowly but on the hardest scale. Old generations do the corruption but the coming generations have to suffer from its destruction. Now the main question that does hit so many minds is where the corruption starts! It does take place from the upper level and then slowly and silently it does hit lower-level people as well.

How Corruption Takes Place in Pakistan?

Pakistan is no doubt in the stage of its development and the maximum percentage of the population in Pakistan is on the line of poverty. People want equal rights but none of us bother to listen to their problems and finally, they took hold of the wrong path of corruption. They do put them in the actions or activities of bribery as they do get any chance. A maximum percentage of the Pakistan population is involved in most of the wrongdoings. The largest sum of corruption takes place in Government sectors in the middle of the high officers and clerks.

Raising Slogan of “Say No To Corruption” in Pakistan:

In the past few months, the raising slogan “Say No To Corruption” has started off which is somehow raising a little sum awareness among the new generation. But on the same side, some people are making fun of it which is a quite thought-provoking moment. Corruption will never end up with its roots in raising slogans or sending messages on mobile phones. It is one such root that should be cut down through mutual discussion and plans.

How To Reduce Corruption Level in Pakistan?

In terms of reducing the level of corruption in Pakistan, it is important that the people of Pakistan should collectively think about resolving the issues so that both poor strikes and rich people would get equal rights in their custody. If you do watch any person involved in corruption then you should stand up and reveal their basic needs. Manpower is one of the basic factors that can slow down the level of corruption to much extent. It would stop the chances of ruining the coming generations.

Effects of Corruption in Pakistan

Definitely when people doing corruption then your economy is badly affected. Right now in Pakistan, corruption exists in every government department as well as all departments are affected badly even if they cannot fulfill their expenditure. They burden the provincial and federal government and then the government increases the tax ratio on the public. Then inflation will increase.

Types of Corruption in Pakistan

• Supply Versus Demand Corruption
• Grand Versus Petty Corruption
• Conventional Versus Unconventional Corruption
• Public Versus Private Corruption

LET’S UNITE AGAINST ANTI-CORRUPTION

This is all about the Corruption in Pakistan Essay in English With an Outline from our side thanks for reading.

Moin akhtar

I am committed to helping Pakistani students craft successful career paths by merging their individual passions with market trends. As a career counselor, we'll explore both well-established fields and modern industries to find the best fit for you. With personalized counseling and strategic planning, we aim to transform your educational journey into a thriving professional future.

Its really outstanding article in simple wording but brilliant if we save pakistan it is our brilliant effort and we must have to fight against……..

i was suffering from very crusial circumastances for the knowledge of this topic that from where i collect information about corruption but i saw this essay it is very beneficial for me. Thanku for uploading this.

true lines of a muslims heart.nice sir thanks…..,

no bad ;satisfactory

Its realy outstanding essay… 🙂

its realy outstanding essay….

thanks for this good effort for student it is for pakistan not anyone

there has been given excelent efforts to unveil the facts…

its realy outstanding article..brilliant effort every thing has been explained in simple wording….if we want to save Pakistan we must have to fight against curruption…

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Corruption In Pakistan Essay 300 words to 500 words

In this article, We will provide you with some best essays on Corruption In Pakistan from 300 words to 500 words. This article is a helpful guide for people preparing for interviews related to CSS, ISSB, and similar exams. It provides a collection of excellent essays on the topic of corruption in Pakistan. These essays shed light on how corruption affects different parts of society and the negative consequences it brings. They also emphasize the importance of taking a comprehensive approach to the fight against corruption. By reading and studying these essays, candidates can gain a better understanding of the issue and be better prepared to answer questions about it during their interviews.

Corruption is a widespread problem in Pakistan that has had a damaging impact on the country’s economy and political stability. It involves the misuse of public power for personal gain and poses a significant challenge to Pakistan’s progress and growth.

Understanding Corruption in Pakistan

Corruption in Pakistan means when people misuse their power for their gain. It is a big problem that affects different areas like politics, bureaucracy, and law enforcement. This dishonest behavior harms the honesty of institutions and slows down the country’s progress and development.

Causes of Corruption in Pakistan

Corruption in Pakistan happens for many reasons. One reason is that the government doesn’t always share information and doesn’t hold people accountable for their actions. The institutions that are supposed to stop corruption are weak, and the people working in those jobs don’t get paid enough. There are also societal factors like a culture where people think they can get away with being corrupt and a lack of knowledge and values about doing the right thing.

Consequences of Corruption in Pakistan

Corruption has serious effects on Pakistan. It means that resources are used in the wrong way, which stops development and makes public services worse. It also makes the gap between rich and poor bigger, which makes inequality worse. Corruption makes people lose trust in institutions, makes the rules less important, and makes people feel like they are treated unfairly.

The Way Forward: Fighting Corruption in Pakistan

To stop corruption, we need to do many things. We need to make institutions stronger, make sure things are transparent, and hold people accountable for what they do. We need to have strict laws against corruption and make sure they are followed. We also need to teach people about why it’s important to do the right thing and make sure everyone acts with integrity. The government, organizations in society, and regular people all need to work together to fight corruption and make Pakistan a place where things are fair and accountable.

Corruption In Pakistan Essay No. 1

Corruption is a big problem in Pakistan that affects the country’s development, governance, and society. It happens when people misuse their power for personal gain. In Pakistan, corruption takes different forms, from small bribes to large-scale stealing of money. One reason corruption is a problem is that there aren’t strong institutions and clear rules to hold people accountable. The legal and judicial systems are weak, and there aren’t enough checks and balances to stop corruption.

Corruption has many negative effects on Pakistan. It takes away resources that could be used for important things like healthcare, education, and infrastructure. This makes it harder for people to get the services they need and keeps some people in poverty. Corruption also makes people lose trust in the government and other institutions. It hurts the functioning of the government and makes it harder to provide necessary services to the public.

Corruption has also affected politics in Pakistan. There have been scandals involving politicians and public officials. This has created a lack of trust among people and made the political system unstable. The government doesn’t always show enough determination to fight corruption, and law enforcement is not strong enough to stop it.

Fighting corruption in Pakistan is not easy. There are anti-corruption organizations, but they often face challenges like interference from politicians and lack of resources. To reduce corruption, it’s important to strengthen these organizations, make things more transparent, and hold people accountable for their actions. International cooperation and following anti-corruption agreements can also help create a more transparent and accountable environment in Pakistan.

Corruption In Pakistan Essay No. 2

Corruption, a pervasive issue worldwide, has unfortunately become deeply entrenched in the fabric of Pakistan’s socio-political landscape. This multifaceted problem hampers the nation’s progress, erodes public trust, and impedes the establishment of a fair and just society. In Pakistan, corruption manifests in various forms, permeating governmental institutions, law enforcement agencies, and even everyday interactions.

One of the major contributors to corruption in Pakistan is the lack of transparent governance. Corruption thrives in an environment where accountability is weak, and institutions lack the necessary checks and balances. This lack of transparency creates opportunities for individuals to exploit their positions for personal gain. Bureaucratic processes, which should be streamlined and efficient, often become convoluted with red tape, providing a breeding ground for corrupt practices.

Furthermore, the political landscape in Pakistan has, at times, been marred by corruption scandals. Politicians wielding power sometimes succumb to the allure of amassing wealth unlawfully, diverting resources meant for public welfare towards personal coffers. This diversion of funds hampers the nation’s development, leading to an ever-widening gap between the rich and the poor.

Corruption’s impact is felt acutely by the common citizen, particularly in daily interactions with law enforcement agencies. Bribes are often solicited for routine tasks, undermining the rule of law and fostering a culture of impunity. This not only perpetuates a cycle of corruption but also erodes public trust in institutions meant to serve and protect.

The consequences of corruption extend beyond the economic realm; they encompass social and moral dimensions. When corruption becomes systemic, it breeds a culture of dishonesty and discourages ethical behavior. This erosion of values poses a significant threat to the moral fabric of society, impacting the younger generation and undermining the nation’s long-term prospects.

Addressing corruption in Pakistan requires a comprehensive approach. Strengthening institutions, implementing effective anti-corruption laws, and promoting a culture of accountability are essential steps. Additionally, fostering transparency in government processes and encouraging civic participation can help build a society that rejects corruption in all its forms.

300 Words Essay On Corruption In Pakistan

Corruption is a pressing issue that has deeply rooted itself in the fabric of Pakistani society. It permeates various sectors, from politics to bureaucracy, and hampers the progress and development of the nation. Pakistan ranks poorly on global corruption indices, reflecting the severity of the problem.

One of the primary causes of corruption in Pakistan is the lack of transparency and accountability in governance. This allows individuals in positions of power to exploit their authority for personal gain. Bribery, embezzlement, and nepotism have become commonplace, eroding public trust in the system.

The consequences of corruption are far-reaching. It leads to a misallocation of resources, as funds meant for public welfare projects are siphoned off. This results in inadequate infrastructure, substandard public services, and a widening wealth gap. The most vulnerable members of society suffer the most, as corruption hampers the delivery of essential services like healthcare and education.

Furthermore, corruption undermines the rule of law and weakens institutions. It creates a culture of impunity, where the powerful can act without fear of consequences. This erodes public confidence in the justice system and fosters a sense of injustice among citizens.

Addressing corruption requires a comprehensive approach. Strengthening institutions, promoting transparency, and enforcing accountability are crucial steps. Implementing strict laws and ensuring their effective enforcement is essential. Additionally, promoting a culture of integrity and ethical behavior is vital to combat corruption.

The government, civil society organizations, and citizens all have a role to play in fighting corruption. The government must lead by example, ensuring that corruption is not tolerated at any level. Civil society organizations can raise awareness, advocate for anti-corruption measures, and hold authorities accountable. Citizens must actively participate in the democratic process and report instances of corruption.

In conclusion, corruption in Pakistan is a grave issue that hinders the progress and development of the nation. It requires a collective effort to combat it effectively. By promoting transparency, accountability, and integrity, Pakistan can pave the way for a more prosperous and just society.

500 Words Essay On Corruption In Pakistan

Corruption is a major problem in Pakistan that has had negative effects on the country’s economy and political stability. It occurs when people in public office abuse their power for personal gain, and it poses a significant barrier to Pakistan’s development.

There are various reasons for corruption in Pakistan, including a lack of transparency in government institutions, weak law enforcement, and a lack of accountability. Additionally, corruption is often seen as a way for individuals to get ahead in a society marked by inequality and limited opportunities.

One common form of corruption in Pakistan is within the public sector. Government officials may demand bribes from citizens in exchange for services they are entitled to, like licenses or permits. This undermines the rule of law and discourages investment, harming the economy.

Corruption in the private sector is also a major issue. Companies may bribe government officials to secure contracts or favors, leading to inefficient use of public resources. This erodes public trust in both the government and private institutions.

Several factors contribute to the high levels of corruption in Pakistan. A lack of accountability and transparency in the political and economic systems allows corrupt individuals to operate without consequences. Poverty is another factor, as people may engage in corrupt activities to survive in a challenging economic environment.

Corruption is further perpetuated by weak institutions and ineffective laws to prevent and punish it. When government and law enforcement agencies themselves engage in corruption, addressing the problem becomes even more challenging.

The consequences of corruption in Pakistan are severe. It undermines the rule of law, weakens public trust in the government, and leads to social and political instability. It also hampers economic development and discourages entrepreneurship by creating an unfair business environment and deterring investment.

To combat corruption, the Pakistani government should implement strong legal frameworks and institutional mechanisms that promote accountability and transparency. This includes stricter anti-corruption laws, improved oversight of public officials and institutions, and greater access to information for the public.

Additionally, there needs to be a cultural shift towards integrity and honesty. This can be achieved through education, awareness campaigns, and fostering a sense of social responsibility among the people of Pakistan.

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Essay on Corruption in Pakistan in English with quotations

English essay on corruption.

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Corruption in Pakistan Essay with Quotes

• January 17, 2024

Kainat Shakeel

Corruption is a term that echoes in the halls of power and resonates through the diurnal lives of citizens. In the environment of Pakistan, the issue of corruption has deep historical roots, impacting the nation’s progress and societal fabric. This essay delves into the intricate web of corruption in Pakistan, exploring its historical environment, root causes, societal goods, and the ongoing battle against it. 

Corruption, a cancer that eats down at the foundations of any society, is a pressing concern in Pakistan. As we navigate through the complex geography of corruption in this South Asian nation, it becomes imperative to understand its historical environment and the factors contributing to its continuity. 

The historical environment of Corruption in Pakistan

To comprehend the current state of corruption, one must trace its origins. Pakistan’s history is marked by cases of corruption that have hindered socio-profitable development. From political dishonors to regulatory irregularities, each chapter in the nation’s history contributes to the perplexing issue of corruption. 

Root Causes of Corruption

Delving deeper, the root causes of corruption in Pakistan are multifaceted. Political insecurity, regulatory inefficiencies, and a lack of responsibility mechanisms produce a conducive environment for corruption to thrive. 

” Corruption in Pakistan is not just a legal problem; it’s a moral extremity that demands the collaborative heart of the nation to rise against it.”

Effects of corruption on society.

The ramifications of corruption extend far beyond the corridors of power. Economically, the nation suffers, and the corrosion of public trust in institutions becomes a grueling chain to overcome. 

” Corruption is the adversary of development and good governance. It must be relieved of. Both the government and the people at large must come together to achieve this public ideal.”- Pratibha Patil

Anti-corruption efforts in pakistan.

In response to the pervasive issue of corruption, Pakistan has established legal fabrics and institutions. still, the road to combating corruption is fraught with challenges, and successes are frequently accompanied by lapses. 

  ” Corruption is a cancer that eats down at a citizen’s faith in the republic, diminishes the instinct for invention and creativity, formerly-tight public budgets, and weakens the institutions of governance.”- Joe Biden

Public perception of corruption.

Public opinion plays a pivotal part in shaping the narrative around corruption. checks and statistics reflect the sentiments of the people and influence governance. 

” Corruption is a serious crime that can undermine social and profitable development in all societies. No country, region, or community is vulnerable.”- Ban Ki-moon

Role of media in combating corruption.

Media, as a watchdog, plays a vital part in uncovering loose practices. Investigative journalism and public mindfulness are essential tools in the fight against corruption. 

” Corruption in Pakistan is a shadow that looms over the nation’s progress; only by disbanding this darkness can the true eventuality of the country be realized.”

International perspectives on corruption in pakistan.

Encyclopedically, Pakistan’s struggle with corruption is scanned. cooperative efforts and international support are explored as implicit catalysts for change. 

” In the struggle against corruption in Pakistan, the armament of choice isn’t just legislation but a philanthropy will to uphold honesty and integrity.”

Reforms and recommendations.

In addressing corruption, proposed reforms and recommendations are vital. Policy changes, structural adaptations, and increased public participation are integral to the process. 

  ” The fight against corruption is in no way – ending. It’s a struggle we must each commit to, not just for ourselves but for unborn generations.”- Malala Yousafzai 

Public engagement in anti-corruption enterprise.

Grassroots movements and civil society’s active engagement contribute significantly to anti-corruption enterprise. 

” The fight against corruption in Pakistan requires not just legal reforms but an artistic shift that values translucency, responsibility, and ethical governance.”

Government responsiveness and responsibility.

The government’s commitment to combating corruption and meeting public prospects is a critical aspect of the ongoing battle. 

” The fight against corruption in Pakistan is a battle for the soul of the nation, where the people’s commitment to honesty can triumph over the sharp influence of deceitfulness.”

In conclusion, the issue of corruption in Pakistan is a multifaceted challenge that requires comprehensive and sustained sweat. As the nation grapples with its complications, a united front comprising government, civil society, and transnational support is essential for a corruption-free future.

Kainat Shakeel is a versatile Content Writer Head and Digital Marketer with a keen understanding of tech news, digital market trends, fashion, technology, laws, and regulations. As a storyteller in the digital realm, she weaves narratives that bridge the gap between technology and human experiences. With a passion for staying at the forefront of industry trends, her blog is a curated space where the worlds of fashion, tech, and legal landscapes converge.

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Publications - Study Papers

Corruption - an inherent element of democracy in pakistan.

The 2016 Panama Papers that were leaked, brought to light the corrupt activities of the then Pakistani Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif. Allegations related to his family's ownership of properties in Central London, which all had an unclear money trail background, were bought into question. The Supreme Court voted unanimously for his disqualification from serving as the Prime Minister on the 28 th of July 2017, and despite initially denying any wrongdoing, shortly after the verdict, Mr. Sharif formally resigned from office anyhow.

No Pakistani Prime Minister has ever completed the five-year long Government term, essentially this comes down to the fact that all Heads of Government have been dismissed due to charges of corruption. This paper aims to demonstrate how corruption has proved to be an irreplaceable ingredient in the history of Pakistani democratic rule of law. Corruption in general has plagued the country and has infiltrated the socio-economic and political landscape. From Heads of State, to judiciary and to local police officers, corruption has found to be present in many areas of Pakistan’s society. However, the paradox pertains that none of the Military Generals have ever faced a verdict for corrupt practices. This enforces the question of whether Army governance is the answer to terminating corruption in Pakistan, or whether it is fundamentally down to the fragile criminal justice institutions who do not have the courage to pursue responsibility from the Military, but do so only for the civil Administration. For the purposes of this paper, first the theoretical foundation of the corruption phenomenon will be discussed, followed by an analysis and a historical overview of the cases of Pakistani officials, allegedly involved in such conduct.

Introduction

The orthodox definition of corruption is the abuse of entrusted power by an individual in position of authority who has responsibilities to the public. Such fraudulent behaviour often implies pursuit of personal gains. Corruption has a very broad spectrum and encapsulates, for instance, misuse of State assets by Governmental bodies, payment of kickbacks in illicit transactions, bribes, embezzlements, misappropriation of funds and public resources, extortion and nepotism. Yet, it could manifest itself through less obvious activities that are deemed legal or borderline legitimate, such as lobbying or State capture, where a party’s political self-interest controls the country’s decision-making course of action in order to achieve its own goals through concealed means. The various meanings of corruption indicate that it is a fluid and volatile concept. Corruption is perceived through numerous conflicting and overlapping terms, yet the prevailing ones are of illegality and breach of duty. Corruption is a reflection of the cultural, political and economic framework of a given State and as such, corruption could be an answer to inadequate or disadvantageous regulations generated by officials. When institutions responsible for oversight of rules are acting inefficiently, or incompetent individuals are placed in a position of power, people could take advantage of these asymmetries of monitoring and get around the enacted law.

Corruption could arise at different levels. Petty corruption is found at the execution end of public services, where the citizens encounter State representatives, whereas grand scale corruption, comprises the highest strata of governance and requires deeper infiltration into the political, judicial and economical establishments. If a State fails in curbing its malfeasance due to organizational shortcomings, political, economic or social instability, corruption might become endemic, pervade the system and lead to a sustainable corrupt hierarchy. Indicators of systematic corruption are conflicting interests, discretionary policies, low degree of transparency, monopolization of power, scarce wages and freedom from liability. Nevertheless, these indexes are not enough to detect corruption, since it is a clandestine affair difficult to observe and estimate.

Corruption in Pakistan

Pakistan has struggled with the problem of corruption since it came into being in 1947, directly after the partition of British India. As a result, Pakistan inherited not only the British legal framework, but also the institutions prominent with their powerful bureaucratic elite trained to serve British rule. In addition, the anti-corruption laws of Pakistan were set up to protect the political entity rather than the society at large. Considering this, it does not come as a surprise that the anti-corruption laws were virtually separated from the public’s interests. The subsequent changes in regimes between Military and civilian institutions due to multiple successful coups d’états further impaired and diminished the efficacy of the anti-corruption bodies. Such statement could be validated by observing the lack of any major improvements concerning tackling corruption in any civilian government. This article aims to highlight that the same applies for the military, even though it has opportunely remained absent from the public domain. Quintessentially, Pakistan has always been governed by a permanent bureaucracy.

Under Pakistani laws, corruption is designated as a crime and corrupt officials are held accountable and are subject to severe punishment, yet this takes place chiefly on paper since often society tends to normalise and excuse certain fraudulent activities. The National Accountability Bureau (NAB), established by the Military government in 1999, is the main anti-corruption agency, which tackles cases of corruption, yet it is highly constrained by scarce funding and shortages of personnel. The anti-corruption laws consider any abuse of public power as a crime deserving of up to 14 years of imprisonment, however, no one has ever been subject to this verdict. In societies with high degrees of social polarisation, such as Pakistan, social conditions tend to induce an environment where the use of public power for personal gains is likely to obtain social recognition and appreciation. This could be perceived as the ‘moral view of corruption’ , where an act of corruption derives its legitimacy from a context in which a holder of public office receives and returns favour to his kinship, associates and followers.

Case Studies incriminating Democratic Prime Ministers

Nawaz sharif.

Nawaz Sharif’s history of fraudulent conduct dates back long before the Panama-Gate scandal. As President of the Pakistan Muslim League-N (PML-N) and owner of Ittefaq Group, a major steel mill conglomerate, he has been one of the wealthiest Pakistani business magnates and industrialists, and also one of the most prominent Pakistani political figures for the last three decades. As a protégé of the longest serving Head of State, the Military leader General Zia ul-Haq, who was in power from 1977 to 1988, Sharif was first appointed as the Minister of Finance for the province of Punjab. Patronaged by an unstable coalition of conservatives, he was elected as the Chief Minister of Punjab in 1985, re-elected in 1988 and eventually succeeded in becoming the Nation's Prime Minister in 1990. Nevertheless, later on it was alleged that the election was manipulated by the powerful Pakistani intelligence agency, Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI), channelling millions of Rupees into his election campaign. 

Sharif's first Administration was terminated when the then President, Ghulam Ishaq Khan dismissed him on corruption charges. Although the Supreme Court overturned the dismissal, both men were ultimately pressured to resign in 1993 by the then Army Chief Abdul Waheed Kakar, which eventually precipitated the 1993 General Elections, when Benazir Bhutto came into power. After becoming Prime Minister again, in 1997, Nawaz Sharif appeared to exercise control over the political landscape and the country's major institutions, yet his second term also suffered discords with the Judiciary and the Military. Sharif was forced to relieve General Jehangir Karamat from command, despite the latter’s support in the authorisation of Pakistan’s nuclear tests programme in 1998. Many senior State officials fiercely expressed their criticism and showed opposition to the Prime Minister for acting in such manner. The former Treasury Minister Sartaj Aziz’s in a retrospect claimed that:

“It came to the conclusion that in relieving General Jehangir Karamat, Prime Minister Sharif had committed a "blunder". He also failed to recognize that despite his heavy mandate, it was not advisable for him to dismiss two army chiefs in less than a year. In doing so he had overplayed his hands and effectively derailed the democratic process for nine long years...”

The question remains, what sort of democratic process was present in Pakistan if the Army, indeed, was pulling the strings. General Karamat was replaced with General Pervez Musharraf in 1998, whose initiation of the Kargil War against India led to a deterioration of his relation with Sharif. When Nawaz Sharif attempted to relieve Musharraf from his command on 12 th  of October 1999, the Military staged a successful coup d'état and overthrew the Prime Minister and his Government. Mr. Sharif was sentenced to life imprisonment on charges of corruption, kidnapping, attempted murder, and hijacking and terrorism over the diversion of Musharraf's plane when it was low on fuel, alongside with prohibition for life for any involvement in political activities. Mr. Sharif's overthrow by Musharraf illustrated the perilous reality for any Pakistani politician who has tried to limit the Army’s influence in Pakistan with its history of coups.

Fortunately for him, a deal arranged by the late Lebanese Prime Minister Rafiq Hariri, rescued him from being put behind bars and instead he was exiled to Saudi Arabia.  At that time many Pakistanis felt relief, portraying him as corrupt, inexperienced and driven by thirst for power and dominance. His return at the political stage in 2007, following negotiations with the Army, was met by surprise and his victory in 2013 was even a greater shock. However, one of the reasons behind his return, was Benazir Bhutto’s homecoming after a self-imposed exile in London and Dubai. Saudi Arabia argued that if Pakistan could accept a democratic-socialist female leader, alleged to be involved in large scale corruption, to return to the country, then the conservative Sharif who was also under verdict should be allowed to come back as well.

The Panama Papers trial has banned Nawaz Sharif once again from public office, yet it still remains to be seen whether the ‘three strikes and out’ doctrine exists on Pakistani soil.

Benazir Bhutto & Asif Ali Zardari

Benazir Bhutto, daughter of the Former Pakistani Prime Minister and President Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, and also an Oxford and Harvard graduate, has always presented herself as the guardian of the deprived and underprivileged and a promoter of freedom of democracy. In a Harvard commencement speech in 1989, she argued how the greedy politicians have pillaged the resources of developing countries, used and betrayed their common people and stripped them off from the means necessary to address their socio-economic problems.

During her two terms in office as Prime Minister, the first ever woman who became a Head of a Muslim State, she acquired wealth, assets and property worth hundreds of millions of dollars. Her first Government was dismissed on the 6 th of August 1990 by President Ghulam Ishaq Khan after she was accused of corruption. After the dismissal, the Pakistani Government released orders to the Inter-Services Intelligence to investigate the accusations and when Nawaz Sharif became the new Prime Minister the prosecution proceedings against Benazir Bhutto were additionally reinforced. Pakistani Embassies through Western Europe, such as in France, Switzerland, Poland, Spain and Britain were directed to investigate the matter further.

The corruption past of Benazir Bhutto became apparent during the ruling of the Pakistani Army Chief, General Pervez Musharraf, when an informant leaked documents which were obtained from Jens Schlegelmich, her Swiss lawyer and a close family friend. The original price the seller stated was $ 10 million, yet eventually the deal was concluded at $1 million in cash. The leaked papers comprised of bank statements from various accounts in Dubai and Geneva; letters from senior officials promising payoffs, with details of the made payments; memorandums detailing meetings at which these “commissions” and “remunerations” were agreed on, and certificates incorporating the offshore companies used as fronts in the deals, many registered in the British Virgin Islands. The documents also uncovered the essential role played by Western institutions in sealing the deals. Apart from the companies that made payoffs, and the network of banks that handled the money - which included Barclay’s Bank and Union Bank of Switzerland as well as Citibank - the arrangements made by the Bhutto family for their wealth relied on Western property companies, Western lawyers and a network of Western friends.

Benazir Bhutto hails from a family of large landowners, who have dominated the political landscape and business scene in Pakistan since its creation in 1947. Benazir’s father, Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto was also an Oxford graduate who became Pakistan’s Prime Minister in the 1970s, but was dislodged and imprisoned in 1977 when the then Army Chief, General Mohammed Zia ul-Haq, staged a coup d’etat. Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto was hanged two years later, after he refused Zia’s offer of clemency for a murder conviction that many Pakistanis viewed as politically stained. Benazir Bhutto spent the next 10 years under house arrest, in prison and in self-imposed exile, campaigning against Zia’s military regime.

In 1987, Benazir married Asif Ali Zardari. The marriage was arranged and many among the public were shocked by the differences in socio-economic status between the husband and the wife. To a certain degree, the marriage aimed to protect Benazir’s political career by countering conservative Muslims’ comments on her unmarried status.

In 1988, Benazir became Pakistan’s first female Prime Minister, after General Zia u-Haq was killed in a plane crash. In less than 2 years, Benazir was dismissed by Pakistan’s President on grounds of corruption and misrule. The Government of Nawaz Sharif that succeeded her was unable to secure any convictions against Benazir or her husband before Nawaz Sharif himself, in turn, was ousted from office, also for corruption and misrule. When Benazir Bhutto was in power again in 1993, the twin posts, as Prime Minister and Finance Minister, gave her almost a free rein. She appointed her husband as the Investment Minister in 1996, reporting only to herself, which virtually made him Bhutto’s right hand.

Among the transactions which her husband Asif Ali Zardari exploited, according to the leaked documents, were Defence contracts; power plant projects; the privatization of State-owned industries; the awarding of broadcast licenses; the granting of an export monopoly for the country’s huge rice harvest; the purchase of planes for Pakistan International Airlines; the assignment of textile export quotas; the granting of oil and gas permits; authorizations to build sugar mills, and the sale of Government lands. The couple struggled to avoid the creation of any trail documents that would reveal their role in numerous deals and Benazir Bhutto and Zardari established a secretive method of communication by writing orders on yellow Post-It notes and attaching them to official files. After the deals were finalised, the notes were removed, destroying all trace of involvement.

In 1995, a prominent French military contractor, Dassault Aviation, determined an agreement with Asif Ali Zardari and one of his associates for $200 million for a $4 billion - 32 Mirage 2000-5 Fighter Planes, which were supposed to replace two squadrons of American made F-16's. The American purchase was terminated when the Bush Administration determined in 1990 that Pakistan was covertly developing nuclear weapons. Eventually the deal collapsed when Benazir Bhutto was ousted from office. In another large scale financial scheme, a Middle Eastern gold bullion dealer, Abdul Razzak Yaqub, was alleged in depositing at least $10 million into a Citibank account in the United Arab Emirates in Dubai operated by Mr. Zardari, after the Bhutto Government gave him a monopoly on gold imports that maintained the jewellery industry of Pakistan. Pakistan's Arabian Sea coast has long been a haven for gold smugglers. Until Bhutto's second term, the trade, worth hundreds of millions of dollars a year, was under no supervision and control, with large amounts of bullions, carried on planes and boats which travelled between the Persian Gulf and the generally unprotected Pakistani coast.

The couple also made an impressive profit from increasing Pakistan’s customs revenues. Taking into account that very few Pakistanis actually pay income tax, customs revenues generate the State’s largest profits. The system has been corrupted for many years, with businesses often paying bribes to escape obligations. In the 1980s, the International Monetary Fund pushed Islamabad to rise its Government revenues and to reduce the runaway budget deficit. During Benazir Bhutto’s first term, Pakistan commissioned pre-shipment audits for all major imports to two Swiss companies, Societe Generale de Surveillance and a subsidiary, Cotecna Inspection SA. However, the real objective behind this attempt in improving the financial stability of Pakistan was bringing about profit for Bhutto and Zardari, as both the Swiss companies were generating a handsome amount of money by issuing certificates under-invoicing as well as sharing the profit with those in control, through illegal means under the hidden support of the people in power. This is not unique solely for Pakistan as these Swiss companies have allegedly been involved in corruption in numerous countries, such as in Bangladesh. According to the conducted investigations, the two Swiss companies made more than $131 million from inspecting imports into Pakistan from January 1995 to March 1997, from which the Bhutto family’s cut was $11.8 million.

The investigators’ inquiry of Benazir’s two terms in office unravelled a chain of luxurious overseas properties under the name of her husband and other family members. Among these are various extravagant apartments in London, such as the Rockwood, a 355-acre estate, and a $2.5 million country mansion in Normandy, which is known as the House of the White Queen. Islamabad also requested the U.S. Justice Department to investigate other overseas bank accounts and properties, including a country club and a polo ranch in Palm Beach, Florida said to be worth about $4 million, which were purchased by Zardari’s affiliates in the 1990s.

After Benazir Bhutto was expelled from office under charges of corruption in 1996, she was sentenced to five years in prison alongside with her husband. Ironically, she persistently argued that they were deprived from a fair trial in Pakistan, since Pakistan’s judiciary has a history of corruption, where witnesses, judges and prosecutors are easily bought and sold. Mr Zardari’s criminal background was not limited only to the corruption charges, and he was also held for 14 months in the Karachi Central Prison, under charges of murdering Ms. Bhutto's brother.

All the aforementioned accumulation of wealth by the Bhuttos is virtually non-existent if their declared assets and income tax declarations are being reviewed. Benazir Bhutto and Zardari declared properties worth $1.2 million in 1996 and never made the authorities aware of any foreign accounts or properties, as required by Law. Mr. Zardari declared no net assets at all in 1990, the year Ms. Bhutto's first term ended, and only $402,000 in 1996. The highest income Ms. Bhutto declared was $42,200 in 1996, with $5,110 in tax. In two of her years as Prime Minister, 1993 and 1994, she paid no income tax at all. Mr. Zardari's highest declared income was $13,100, also in 1996.

Ultimately, on 6 th  of August 2003, Swiss Judges found Benazir Bhutto and Asif Ali Zardari guilty of money laundering. They were given six-month suspended jail terms, fined $50,000 each and were ordered to pay $11 million to the Pakistani government.

Yousaf Raza Gillani

Syed Yousaf Raza Gillani served as the Prime Minister of Pakistan from 25 th  of March 2008 until his retroactive disqualification and dismissal from office by the Supreme Court of Pakistan on 26 th of April 2012. He, alike his predecessors, has been accused of various corruption scandals.

He was arrested on 11 th  of February 2001 by the Military Police functioning under the umbrella of the military-controlled National Accountability Bureau (NAB), over charges that he abused his position of authority while he was the Speaker of the National Assembly from 1993 until 1997. He was particularly alleged with hiring up to 600 people from among his constituents and placing them on Government payroll. He was also alleged in misplacing millions of Rupees through the misuse of official transport, official telephones, setting up of camp offices at Lahore and Multan and purchase of luxurious vehicles at higher prices than the market prices. The NAB claimed that the Pakistani Treasury suffered a loss of more than 30 million Rupees nationally, due to Gillani’s actions. He was convicted to five years rigorous imprisonment by an accountability Court and a fine of 1 million Rupees. The court also barred Gillani from holding public office or obtaining any financial profits from any fiscal institutions for a period of 10 years.

Nevertheless, the legal proceedings against him were widely condemned by various individuals across the country and seen by many as politically motivated, since his party, the Pakistani’s People Party (PPP), was opposing General Pervez Musharraf, who had undertaken a coercion of party members to change political fronts. People with anti-Musharraf sentiments viewed this move as a tactic to intimidate PPP members to join his party. Thus, his conviction by the Courts, which were backing up General Musharraf, and subsequent imprisonment were estimated as an act of loyalty towards the PPP, and benefited him in gathering ideological adherents and sympathizers.

"Since I am unable to oblige them, they decided to convict me so that I could be disqualified and an example set for other political leaders who may learn to behave as good boys”, said Gillani at the time.

Corruption in other Governmental Bodies

Judicial system.

A well-functioning Judicial System is essential for addressing corruption effectively, but judicial institutions are themselves cancerously corruptible. Pakistan's Judiciary is characterised by insufficient resources and staff, and corruption and political interference by powerful actors further present obstacles to impartiality and fairness. Although the Supreme Court portrays itself as efficient, insufficient financial means and lack of personnel, coupled with a high-level of insecurity and high crime rates overburden local Courts and lead to negligent trials perceived as biased.

According to Transparency International Pakistan (TIP) the highest amounts of bribery in the country were spent on people affiliated with the Judiciary. The TIP Chairman, Sohail Muzaffar, along with TIP Advisory Committee Chairman, Syed Adil Gilani in a 2011 survey highlighted the delay in punitive action by State organs against corrupt elements in corruption cases like Pakistan Steel, National Insurance Company Limited (NICL), Punjab Bank, Rental Power Plants, Karachi Electric Supply Corporation (KESC), Pakistan International Airlines (PIA), Railway and Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA).

The effectiveness of the Pakistani police varies greatly in the country, and various reports tell of corruption, arbitrary behaviour and human rights abuses from police forces. Police in the country was observed as the most corrupt sector in a 2013 survey by Transparency International. The general population often struggle to report instances of corruption which they encounter with the police because of fear for reprisals. In 2005, Prime Minister Shaukat Aziz ordered an investigation into claims by a 23 year old woman who alleged that, in retaliation for attempting to reveal police corruption, the police falsely detained her for fifteen days and raped her.

Public Utilities

Irregular payments, bribes and gifts are commonly exchanged when obtaining public services and licences. The majority of consumers admit to illegally reducing their utility bills, especially water and electricity, while others reported being harassed with inflated bills intended to solicit bribes. In addition to that, one in three companies expects to receive gifts when constructing water connections, generating permits or operating licences.

Corruption among the Pakistani Military

After this overview of the entire spectrum of corruption, which has intoxicated the public and political life in Pakistan, one would undoubtedly place under suspicion the fact that no Pakistani Army General has ever been incriminated in any such acts. If all departments of the Pakistani governmental and public life are implicated in gross corrupt activities, how is it possible that only the Army remains an exception to the rule? Does this mean that military environment is miraculously immune and sterilised from fraudulent and illegal actions, or simply that such ‘incidents’ within the most powerful institution in Pakistan have been conveniently swiped under the carpet?

Although the Pakistani Military is ostensibly responsible for the security and defence affairs of the State, it has proved its strong influence and control on large shares of the economy, despite Pakistan having an elected civilian Government. The Pakistani Army holds a lion's share of the State budget and is not accountable to the Government for its expenditure.

The Military has been widely perceived as the most qualified, efficient and a highly disciplined organization, yet some of its officers have been connected to corruption cases recently. However, scandals involving the Army are oftentimes whitewashed and retired officers are brought back into service in order to deal with their cases through closed-door court-martials. Even if, in rare cases, someone is found guilty, he has never been imprisoned but only forced to step down or stripped of some privileges.

Demands expressed towards military accountability and transparency have never been a popular election slogan because this could bear a high cost for politicians, including the possible divergence of democracy or production of false corruption cases against vocal politicians. It is claimed that in the private circle, both senior and junior Army officers silently admit or at least do not disprove the existence of corruption, yet often they assert that the military has its own internal mechanism, which deals with fraudulent conduct and breach of discipline.

On the 21 st of April, 2016 the then Army Chief, General Raheel Sharif sacked 6 Army officers, including two high-ranking Generals, over allegations of corruption, thus portraying an image of a virtuous man who is committed to eradicate corruption, even at the price of punishing his own people. This was seen by many as an unheard-of act in a country, where the Army still has the final say in Defence, Security, Foreign Affairs matters and virtually all aspects of governance. The dismissed Army officers, who were not tried for corruption, but for ‘financial irregularities’ and ‘misappropriation’ were only sent into early retirement and were deprived from certain privileges. The event came into being when politicians and public officials were also facing huge criticism over their own corruption scandals.

When applying a closer look, one could raise the adequate question of why these corrupt Army personnel were not arrested and awarded with the corresponding legal punishment designated in the Penal Code. The way in which this incident has unfolded feeds the impression that the Pakistan military personnel receives a preferential treatment to the degree of being above the law of the country. By choosing a few scapegoats from the entire herd of black corrupt sheep, General Raheel Sharif attempted to convert himself into a national icon, while undermining the power and image of the then Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif, who was at that time under judicial scrutiny due to the revelations of the Panama papers.

The sacked Army personnel were serving on deputation in the Frontier Corps in Baluchistan, a subsidiary force responsible for maintaining law and order in the conflicts- and insurgency ravaged region. This incident further substantiated the general viewpoint that Baluchistan is governed by a corrupt and fraudulent administration. Apart from the annual aid accommodated by the Federal Government, billions of dollars have been invested there via the criticized and ambitious China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). Having such astronomical amounts of money deposited in a country with a problematic history of misappropriation of funds, suggest where big chunks of money might end up. The Pakistani Army is culpable of depriving the indigenous people and the region from billions, essential for their development while this form of exploitation is equally present in the North West Frontier Province (NWFP) and the disputed territory of Gilgit-Baltistan (Part of Jammu & Kashmir State).

Ironically, in 2017, Raheel Sharif, was himself at the epicentre of a controversy after documents, leaked to the media, revealed that he had been given land worth 1.35 billion Rupees ($14 million) by the Army without the authorisation of the Government.  

“The corruption in the Pakistani military is as rampant as in any other state institution. The Army is involved in the smuggling of oil and narcotics through the borders of the western Baluchistan province. The military also makes money through its checkpoints in the restive province. All drivers have to bribe the officers to pass through these posts. These are just a few examples" - Arif Jamal, a US-based Islamism- and security analyst.

What are the solutions to the clandestine corruption in the Military?

Merely the dismissal or the stripping of privileges cannot be seen as the answer, as it does not tackle the root cause of the issue. A matter of even greater concern is the fact that it seems as if only the governmental and public officials are portrayed as corrupt and ineffective, whereas Army personnel in those rare cases where it has been implicated in fraudulent behaviour, is justified as occasionally misguided but still having Pakistan’s best interests at heart. Corruption, money laundering and the illegal purchase of (overseas) assets by Governmental officials, members of the ruling elite in Pakistan and Army personnel  is not a new phenomenon. The pervasiveness of corruption, lack of institutional isomorphism and social cohesion in the country is visible throughout all echelons of public life.

A lion's working hours are only when he is hungry; once he is satisfied, the predator and prey live peacefully together. In Pakistan, however, it seems as if both politicians and Army officers are never able to satisfy their hunger for power and wealth, which leaves the country swinging for decades in a cradle of political anarchy and unlawful rule, where the common people are left vulnerable and helpless, with no prospects for peaceful development. Corruption at the highest levels remains a major challenge for the country and prevents any meaningful step towards social reforms. A change in policy, complemented with strengthening of democratic institutions including the judiciary have become prerequisites for the development of the country.

There is a pressing need of unveiling the truth, irrespective of the culprits, in order for justice to prevail or at least to increase the ‘feel’ among the general masses, that corruption cannot go unpunished.

The people deserve a corruption-free Pakistan, based on mechanisms of accountability led by honest leaders; Civilian and Military.    

October 2017. © European Foundation for South Asian Studies (EFSAS), Amsterdam

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Say no to corruption  

“Say no to corruption!” We are all familiar with this slogan and hear it often. But what is the purpose of this slogan? Is it a message for all of us? If so, are we taking it seriously and practicing it? I will be discussing corruption in my country, Pakistan. Corruption is a major problem in Pakistan, spreading like a fungus rapidly growing on a stale or uncovered piece of bread, completely absorbing it.

Firstly, we need to understand what corruption actually means. Corruption doesn’t just refer to earning money illegally for personal benefits; it’s a form of dishonesty towards yourself, your society, and your country. An action isn’t corrupt until we make it corrupt. Corruption exists everywhere, in every field, whether it’s an army officer, a bureaucrat, a politician, a shopkeeper, or a milkman. Even teachers, doctors, and engineers can be corrupt by being dishonest in their profession. For instance, if a teacher isn’t teaching the students efficiently, he/she is corrupt. Similarly, if a student is cheating, he/she is also corrupt.

Pakistan Railways considers fare reductions for Eid special trains

This problem isn’t just of society but also of our mindsets, which are set solely to gain money and personal benefits without thinking about what is halal and haram. We can’t eradicate corruption from our society unless we ourselves want to. We should be honest, firstly with ourselves, our profession, and most importantly, with our country. The government of Pakistan and FIA should work towards creating a corruption-free society and a corruption-free Pakistan. It’s our duty to serve our nation and country with honesty so that we can overcome all the issues and deliver a good message to our next generations. It will undoubtedly take time, but effort leads to success. Once again, let’s all say no to corruption!

BASMA NOOR QAZI,

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Essay on Corruption in Pakistan

2022, corruption in pakistan

Since independence corruption is one of the biggest obstacles faced by Pakistan. Despite various institutions handling corruption it's not easy to control corruption. One form of corruption is bribery that prevails in our society strongly. Many corruption control institutions is trying for years to stop corruption but still citizens of Pakistan are uncomfortable with the judiciary system. Moreover, the dilemma is common and middle-class people are facing most of the problems. There was an anti-corruption strategy that was created in 2002 which purposed a comprehensive plan for controlling corruption. Also, the National Accountability Bureau (NAB) has the power to prosecute cases and investigate. However, the unpredictability of anti-corruption and lack of political will is the major obstacle. Pakistanis have to face many difficulties because of being a corrupted country. Even many people who are living outside Pakistan face criticism. The current government of Pakistan has taken several actions to overcome corruption and has reviewed the processes.

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Umbreen Javaid

Asian Profile, Canada

Corruption in Pakistan is a phenomenon that is widely reported in the press and electronic media. The level of public sector corruption is perceived to be one of the highest in the world. This paper strives to bring to light the exertions of the committee constituted in 1986 by the Government of Pakistan to study corruption and find ways to deal with the menace. While the Committee’s efforts were in vain insofar as practical policy measures were concerned due to a lack of political will and understanding, its report is one of the most important documents of Pakistan’s administrative history and has implications for political culture, political economy and the development of Pakistani society. The purpose of this paper is first and foremost to bring to light the research methods, findings and recommendations of the Committee as they help establish 1986 as a reference point in the story of the rise of corruption in Pakistan. Much of what the Committee discussed and prescribed 25 years ago is even more relevant to Pakistan today, a telling indicator ofthePakistanielite’sunwillingnesstotakeheedintimetoavertdisasters.

European Foundation for South Asian Studies (EFSAS)

No Pakistani Prime Minister has ever completed the five-year long government term, and essentially, this comes down to the fact that all Heads of Government have been dismissed due to charges of corruption. Corruption has proved to be an irreplaceable ingredient in the history of Pakistani democratic rule of law; corruption in general has plagued the country and has infiltrated the socio-economic and political landscape and has found itself to be present in many areas of Pakistan’s society.

M. Shahid Alam

In this chapter I present some preliminary results on the nature of corruption and countervailing action in Pakistan, drawing on data extracted from newspapers. Once it is recognized that corruption creates losers as well as winners, some dramatic implications for the theory of corruption emerge. This leads to an analysis of the countervailing action taken by losers to offset their losses from corruption. Countervailing action may take several forms.

European Scientific Journal ESJ

Corruption is a curse for any country, as it negatively affects the economic activities and drags the whole society to worst conditions by increasing the poverty and social inequities. Recently the most critical factor for doing business in Pakistan is corruption. In order to give a comprehensive picture of corruption in Pakistan this article (1) critically analyses the literature regarding corruption, its impact on society and the business environment specifically in Pakistan, (2) focuses on business-related factors of corruption, (3) presents various anti-corruption initiatives of Pakistani companies and foreign good examples. Based on our research this study emphasizes that the government should take corrective actions and strengthen institutions and should work in collaboration with the private and civil sector to control the uprising corruption problems. Awareness against corruption in business sphere and general public is very much needed and implementing possible anti-corruption tools, companies can positively contribute to the fight against corruption and Pakistan's economic and social development.

Global Social Sciences Review

Saranjam Baig, PhD

This article focuses on analyzing essential ingredients to initiate and sustain a successful anticorruption strategy. The basic objective of this policy paper is to recommend a set of policies based on the lessons drawn from the success of anti-corruption strategies in other countries. Taking Pakistan as the test-bed, it relates to the design, initiation, and pursuit of anti-corruption activities. The article elaborates a six-step anti-corruption strategy suggesting that to eradicate corruption effectively, the country must initiate these preconditions. It should: (1) restore the public confidence by showing political will to fight corruption; (2) restructure its main anti-corruption agency; (3) establish an anti-corruption inter-agency coordinating board; (4) reform the police, (5) initiate programs and curriculum for anti-corruption awareness; (6) establish a watchdog from the civil society with an advisory role. The strategies suggested in this article are based on the successes ...

akello stella

The Stigma Of Corruption And The Decline Of Good Governance In Pakistan

Syeda Hoor-Ul-Ain

The paper focuses on the contemporary governance and corruption issues of Pakistan and suggests a way forward for good governance to blossom in a corruption-free state. Pakistan stands at 126 th and 117 th position among 175 and 168 countries on the CPI ranking-in the years 2014 and 2015 respectively. Although, the country's score indicates a better perceived level of public sector corruption but this is still regrettably way down on this account. Corruptions of all magnitudes are perfused in all organs of government including the executive, legislature and judiciary. Corruption severely impacts the governance processes and pushed the state into the political turmoil. The study ascertains the menace and genesis of corruption in the politics of Pakistan from the British colonial era to date. A host of measures are suggested as a way forward to expunge this malaise. The need of deliberate awareness in the masses and emergence of an awakened civil society, raucous and honest media and, independent judiciary is contemplated to curb corruption up to the desired levels.

NAVEIÑ REET: Nordic Journal of Law and Social Research

Azam Chaudhary

The paper focuses on the contemporary governance and corruption issues of Pakistan and suggests a way forward for good governance to blossom in a corruption-free state. Pakistan stands at 126th and 117th position among 175 and 168 countries on the CPI ranking - in the years 2014 and 2015 respectively. Although, the country’s score indicates a better perceived level of public sector corruption but this is still regrettably way down on this account. Corruptions of all magnitudes are perfused in all organs of government including the executive, legislature and judiciary. Corruption severely impacts the governance processes and pushed the state into the political turmoil. The study ascertains the menace and genesis of corruption in the politics of Pakistan from the British colonial era to date. A host of measures are suggested as a way forward to expunge this malaise. The need of deliberate awareness in the masses and emergence of an awakened civil society, raucous and honest media and,...

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5 steps to curtail corruption in Pakistan

Image:  REUTERS/Akhtar Soomro

.chakra .wef-1c7l3mo{-webkit-transition:all 0.15s ease-out;transition:all 0.15s ease-out;cursor:pointer;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;outline:none;color:inherit;}.chakra .wef-1c7l3mo:hover,.chakra .wef-1c7l3mo[data-hover]{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.chakra .wef-1c7l3mo:focus,.chakra .wef-1c7l3mo[data-focus]{box-shadow:0 0 0 3px rgba(168,203,251,0.5);} Fayyaz Yaseen

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“What kind of Pakistan do we want for our children?”, a civil society activist asked recently. “It has to be an inclusive state which is fair, honest and open to everyone.” The promise of this future lies in an entire generation standing-up for accountability and holding those in power responsible for their actions. This is not easy, of course, but it is essential- and it can be done in Pakistan as it can in other countries in South Asia and beyond.

At the Accountability Lab we’re learning a lot about how to do it - here are some ideas.

First, young people must lead change. The median age in Pakistan is now 22 years old, with 63% of the population under the age of 25 . Young Pakistanis are globalized, energized and full of ideas. They are less entrenched in patronage networks, more willing to question existing realities and better connected than ever before. But this doesn’t mean that suddenly everything is going to be different. They need support over time to sustain the change they want to see. Their creativity tends to exist in pockets and despite some recent mobilization politically, is largely delinked from policymaking. We need to build an ecosystem to support these young change-makers - mentorship, opportunities, collaborative spaces and communities - and to jointly maximize their efforts. Organizations like Seed Ventures and incubators like Plan 9 are doing it for entrepreneurs; we are doing the same for “accountapreneurs”.

Second, this is about more than creating organizations and enforcing rules. At the national level, Pakistan now has around half a dozen anti-corruption bodies, 10 different ombudsmen and a plethora of other agencies tasked in one way or another with accountability. But organizations set up to fight graft will not work if they are not aligned with the relationships, cultural norms and incentives that shape behaviours. If a dynamic of corruption is entrenched, it is too difficult - and arguably illogical - for brave individuals to stand-up alone and try and change the system. They need peers everywhere who will support them. This means Pakistan must think now about a long-term process to shift mindsets through investing heavily in civic education, leadership programs and values-based networks. Organizations like the Atlantic Council and the British Council are doing a great job, but there is much more to do.

Third, creativity is essential to fighting corruption because many stakeholders in the existing system are resistant to change. For too long - driven by an aid system that measures successes based on numbers of outputs and dollars spent - the response to corruption and patronage has been training and seminars. But all-day workshops with free lunches are not a substitute for real change. If we want to bring young people into this process effectively, we have to meet them where they are, not where we want them to be. This means using tools and platforms they enjoy - like the arts, media, film and technology - and deploying them in interactive ways. From creative visual arts with organizations like Morango Films , to ICT collaboratives like the Technology for the People Initiative , the potential intersections of innovation and integrity in Pakistan are easy to find.

Fourth, bring in the private sector as a key driver of change. Despite significant challenges, Pakistan’s business community is world class, with some incredible, values-based leaders who operate at the highest levels of global commerce. They lead companies that are thinking well beyond the bottom-line and draw on Pakistan’s rich culture of generous philanthropy. They know that integrity is good for business - ethical companies have higher valuations, lower costs and less risk. This energy can be harnessed to create a level playing field for economic development and collaborative efforts to shift accountability dynamics. Businesses came together to play a key role in the passage of the important Drug Regulatory Authority of Pakistan (DRAP) Bill of 2012 for example - which cleaned up the pharmaceutical industry. Businesses are driving the Open Government Partnership efforts in Pakistan and collaboratives like Open Lahore and CIPE are working to improve standards of transparency. We must support them further.

Finally, accountability requires a positive narrative that Pakistanis can buy in to and mobilize behind. Pointing fingers and shouting loudly at law-breakers is an easy way to vent some frustration - and there is no doubt that these people should be penalized. But when justice is not served the perception of helplessness is reinforced and momentum in the process of accountability building is lost. Instead, let’s make sure we celebrate the heroes, build on areas where success is clear and work to support those who are doing the right things - “naming and faming” is a useful substitute for “naming and shaming”. Last year, for example, we at the Accountability Lab organized a television and social media campaign around the world called Integrity Idol - which rewarded honesty in government and galvanized national conversations about what it means to be an accountable civil servant. This year we’ll run the competition in Pakistan too.

Building accountability is not about overcoming weaknesses - it is about a strengths-based approach that draws upon human, institutional, cultural and economic assets. Short-term fixes and anti-corruption tools might prove effective in battling graft in isolated ways. But if Pakistan - and other countries - are to truly create fair and open societies for everyone, it is going to take a much larger, generational process to build accountability. The time to start is now.

The report, Partnering Against Corruption Initiative - Infrastructure & Urban Development, is available here . Have you read? Corruption isn't just a developing world issue, and it’s time Western leaders did more This could save governments millions of dollars and tackle corruption

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A weekly update of the most important issues driving the global agenda

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Implications of Corruption For Pakistan

• Shabnam Usman
• January 14, 2024
• CSS , Css Essays , CSS Solved Essays

CSS & PMS Solved Essays | Implications of Corruption For Pakistan

Shabnam Usman, a Sir Syed Kazim Ali student, has attempted the CSS & PMS essay “Implications of Corruption For Pakistan” on the given pattern, which Sir  Syed Kazim Ali  teaches his students. Sir Syed Kazim Ali has been Pakistan’s top English writing and CSS, PMS essay and precis coach with the highest success rate of his students. The essay is uploaded to help other competitive aspirants learn and practice essay writing techniques and patterns to qualify for the essay paper.

1- Introduction

Corruption, a vicious force eroding the country’s societal fabric, holds critical implications. A rising culture of dishonesty, the public’s trust deficit in state organs, administrative ineptness, and an increased trend of election rigging could become a norm of the day if the menace is not controlled sagaciously.

2- Reviewing breeding grounds of corruption

• ✓ Corruption comprises every illegal and immoral act that compromises collective gains for individual gains. It can be a public choice, organizational culture, or administrative theory. 

3- Overviewing the current state of corruption in Pakistan

• ✓” The country ranked 140th in the Corruption Perception Index (CPI) 2022.” (Transparency International (TI))

4- Implications of corruption for Pakistan

• Case in Point: The confluence of heightened uncertainty with high inequality often seems to favour support for authoritarian leaders, who are less likely to foster intragroup and intergroup cooperation. (UNDP)
• Case in Point: Countries with low corruption perception index (CPI) demonstrate high voter turnout whereas those with high corruption levels determine low turnout.
• Case in Point: In Pakistan, the highest stratum of governance intentionally practices grand-scale corruption as no successive government – military regime or civilian government – has ever tackled corruption on serious grounds. (European Foundation for South Asian Studies (EFSAS))
• Case in Point: The number of all reported crimes has increased from 0.64 million in 2010 to 0.87 million in 2020. (the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics)
• Case in Point: Pakistan has the highest maternal mortality rate in South Asia due to malnutrition and the unavailability of health facilities. Likewise, the country’s progress in promoting literacy and bridging income inequalities remained dismal in 2022. (SDG Report, the UN)
• Case in Point: The surging crisis of judiciary failure, flaring political instability, flawed public tender institute, escalating threats of natural disasters, inefficient managing bodies, and intra-institutional trust deficit are some of the significant outcomes of corruption, making Pakistan a complex country to live in. 
• Case in Point: Corruption in Pakistan has reached its highest level during the last decade, totalling Rs. 12,600 billion in the previous five years. (Transparency International (TI))
• Case in Point: Pakistan is placed at 161st position in the Human Development Insight Report by UNDP, whereas Norway is ranked 2nd in the same report; both the countries correspond equally in the Corruption Perception Index by TI, where Pakistan is ranked 140th, and Norway possesses 4th position. 
• Case in Point: The empirical results suggest that capital inflows decline on average by 7.6 per cent of GDP when the country is grey-listed. (International Monetary Fund (IMF))

5- Suggestions to tackle implications of corruption in Pakistan

• Case in Point: Reviewing FIA and NAB Acts to end political victimization
• Case in Point: Corruption eradication model of the developed nations 

6- Critical analysis

7- Conclusion  

Corruption is a vile and insidious force that erodes the very fabric of society. It not only hinders progress and development but also undermines trust in public institutions. In fact, when government officials are motivated by personal gain rather than the common good, they neglect their formal duties and responsibilities. Consequently, corruption breeds a culture of dishonesty and deceit, ultimately breaking social and economic order. Unfortunately, Pakistan has become a state where corruption has become endemic and endemic. Even after seven decades of independence, the country is still ranked among the most corrupt countries by Transparency International (TI). Although corruption has always remained the main reason for the country’s spasmodic development, the worst is yet to come if the menace is not controlled. Being at a premium in every institution, corruption has the potential to decline the country’s overall performance and tarnish people’s trust in the state organs. For instance, election rigging and polarization in politics would become casual approaches in Pakistan. Likewise, administrative ineptness would rise day by day. The growing ratio of lawlessness, declining moral values, and expanding inequalities are some social implications of corruption for the nation. In the same manner, the menace would weaken the state’s economic infrastructure by leading to the embezzlement of public funds, producing a large cohort of unskilled workforce, and making the republic increasingly dependent on foreign debt. In conclusion, although the anticipations are dismal, the country can combat corruption by employing multiple pragmatic measures, such as switching to e-governance, the revival of accountability culture, and inculcating civic sense in people’s work. This essay discusses several corruption implications for Pakistan and many positive practices to curb its repercussions.

Before discussing the current dynamics of corruption in Pakistan, the concept’s nature must be understood. The term is often misinterpreted as merely an act commenced for financial gains; thus, bribery or funds embezzlement are simply considered “Corruption”. Contrarily, the notion comprises much more;  corruption comprises every illegal and immoral act that compromises collective gains for individual gains; it can be a public choice, organizational culture, or administrative theory . In fact, it violates human rights and derails democratic values because it gradually erodes healthy social contracts and promotes apathy in society; therefore, undue favour, patronization, and materialistic and opportunist ways of life are all forms of corruption. Furthermore, in terms of governance, corruption means lack of service delivery, abuse of public office, misuse of power, and nepotism that creates a chaotic authoritative governing model, breeding a trust deficit between the managing bodies and people.

Further, corruption is a global dilemma that cannot be particularized to a specific community; however, studies indicate that the phenomenon is much more prevalent in developing or post-colonial states. Hence, Pakistan’s existence is alarming.  Transparency International (TI) statistics show that the country ranked 140th in the Corruption Perception Index (CPI) in 2022 . The most worsening factor is that the past few decades have witnessed an enormous rise in the corruption index in the country. Despite every succeeding government raising slogans against the menace and aimed at rooting it out, the statistics are constantly rising, and currently, the practice has become a social norm and is widely accepted by the people. The major sectors breeding corruption in the state are police, judiciary, health, education, public tendering, taxation, land administration, and local government; among all these , the police is the most corrupt sector (30%), followed by public tendering (16%) and judiciary (13%), National Corruption Perception Survey (NCPS), 2023.  In conclusion, corruption has significantly threatened Pakistan’s society and government. 

Considering the implications of corruption on a state, it is inversely proportional to its level of development, i.e., the more the corruption will be, the less likely the country will develop. Likewise, the unprecedented level of corruption in Pakistan is destroying the developmental foundations of the state. Many such implications are discussed below in political, social, and economic domains.  Regarding the political implications of corruption for Pakistan , election rigging and political polarization are essential. Since its independence, Pakistan has never had fair elections, owning to corrupt politicians as they exploit socio-economic inequalities and existing insecurities of the masses. According to the Human Development Report by the United Nations (UN), “ The confluence of heightened uncertainty with high inequality often seems to favour support for authoritarian leaders, who are less likely to foster intragroup and intergroup cooperation .” Accordingly, the rising ratio of corruption in Pakistan can make people rigid about their beliefs and alliances, intensifying political polarization. Consequently, the dishonest political culture will nurture biased public behaviour; thus, society would become reluctant to change Pakistan’s traditional unjust political scenario. 

Besides extremely polarized political institutions, the undemocratic governance mechanism is another grave concern of the state, as it feeds on corruption. For instance,  countries with low Corruption Perception Index (CPI) demonstrate high voter turnout whereas those with high corruption levels determine low turnout . Therefore, Turkey, with the 96th CPI, had an 87% turnout in its recent presidential election; on the contrary, Pakistan, possessing the 140th position in CPI, claimed only a 51% turnout in its last general election. Hence, in Pakistan, such dismal statistics indicate the public’s disbelief in public representatives as their malpractices erode their trustworthiness. Subsequently, the deepening trenches of corruption in Pakistan would derail democracy and invite authoritarianism, oligarchism, totalitarianism, and dictatorship. 

Further, heightened corruption in the country is damaging the administrative fibre of the state.  Pakistan’s highest stratum of governance intentionally practices grand-scale corruption as no successive government – military regime or civilian government – has ever tackled corruption on serious grounds, as per the European Foundation for South Asian Studies (EFSAS) . A deep infiltration into political, judicial, and economic establishment could validate the statement. Making the situation even worse, long-standing weak public policies and lack of service delivery are still predominant features of public administration, and, unfortunately, they have become an acceptable norm for the community. Furthermore, the unjust institutional factor is polarizing Pakistan’s society and polity by strengthening intragroup cohesiveness. In conclusion, corruption would immensely destroy the legitimacy of the current political system, negatively affecting the state’s administrative efficiency.  

In addition to the political crises induced by corruption,  Pakistan’s social institutions are also at stake  due to widespread unscrupulousness.  As per the record of the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics Report, 2020, the number of all reported crimes has increased from 0.64 million in 2010 to 0.87 million in 2020.  Accordingly, despite a slight change in Pakistan’s CPI ranking, corruption is rapidly fostering lawlessness. Also people are declining morally and ethically because of the prevailing injustice. Furthermore, the collapsing condition of police and judiciary is compelling the commons to assume that the state machinery has failed. Now, they are authorized to strive- by hook or crook- for their gains, whether legal or illegal. In short, corruption may instil the battle for absolute power in society, stimulating apathy and the law-and-order crisis in Pakistan. 

Further explaining the social declivities, the formidable figures of biasedness in Pakistan are becoming conducive for widening the gaps between existing social dividends, especially in income, education, and health.  According to the Sustainable Development Goals Report by the UN, Pakistan has the highest maternal mortality rate in South Asia due to malnutrition and the unavailability of health facilities. Likewise, the country’s progress in promoting literacy and bridging income inequalities remained dismal in 2022.  The statement can be supported by societies comprising a high degree of polarization like Pakistan, which makes it easier for power giants to obtain undue gains. In such societies, corruption is reinforced by a context supporting a public officeholder to favour his kinship and followers. Hence, the mounting level of corruption in Pakistan would trigger irreconcilable social gaps. 

From a broader perspective, corruption has not only destroyed Pakistan’s domestic society but also eclipsed its image in the global community.  The surging crisis of law-and-order, judiciary failure, nasty power game stimulating political instability, flawed public tender institutes, escalating threats of natural disasters, inefficient managing bodies, intra-institutional trust deficit, the increasing ratio of poverty, and the accelerating rate of brain drain are some of the significant outcomes of corruption making Pakistan a complex country to live . The dystopic global image of Pakistani culture is resisting its compliance with international society; thus, Pakistan faces resistance to adopting globalization and other emerging international trends for growth. Additionally, a tarnished global image spoils Pakistan’s transboundary relationships and hurts its diplomatic concerns. For instance, the international community is not supporting Pakistan in Kashmir’s cause against India. In short, the menace of corruption would crumble Pakistan at the national and international levels. 

Besides excessive political and social implications,  the economic implications of corruption  for Pakistan are also enormous. Among many such negative anticipations, the misappropriation of public funds is the most disastrous.  Corruption in Pakistan has reached its highest level during the last decade, totalling Rs. 12,600 billion in the previous five years (Transparency International (TI)) . Such embezzlement results in weak institutional infrastructure and undermined service delivery, burdening the national exchequer to increase social welfare funds and financial support programs like the Benazir Income Support Program (BISP) and health card. Moreover, misallocating public revenue due to inefficient public policies and inept administration adds insult to injury. Summing up, corruption may further weaken the fragile economic infrastructure of the country and compel the government to move towards the privatization of state-owned enterprises. 

Further dissecting the corruption phenomenon in Pakistan, the underdeveloped human capital is the prominent upshot of corruption in the country. Like other areas of development, human development and corruption cannot go hand in hand; both aspects are inversely proportional.  For instance,   Pakistan is placed at 161st position in the Human Development Insight Report by the United National Development Program (UNDP), whereas Norway is ranked 2nd in the same report; both countries correspond equally in the Corruption Perception Index (CPI), where Pakistan is ranked 140th, and Norway possessed 4th position . Considering the low human development ratio, it is a devastating symbol for the economic growth of Pakistan as it is making the significant human capital a liability to the country. Boiling down, the corruption culture of Pakistan is producing an incompetent and unskilled workforce that would further crush the already shambling economy of the state. 

Furthermore, the fraudulence of Pakistan’s governance system is deteriorating its economy by reducing its Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) as intense misappropriation of tenders, and foreign-funded projects have reduced the country’s global trustworthiness.  The empirical results suggest that capital inflows decline on average by 7.6 per cent of GDP when the country is grey-listed (International Monetary Fund (IMF), report) . The fact could be validated by comparing Pakistan’s FDI in October 2022 ($ 120.8 million) and October 2023 ($122.46 million). Additionally, low FDI alongside an incompetent workforce is causing a trade deficit because both aspects jointly contribute to low production, thus reducing export commodities, tending to import goods to increase. In conclusion, the evil of corruption will compromise Pakistan’s economic growth and push it to the verge of total collapse by lowering its capital inflow.  

Despite the dreadful corruption statistics in Pakistan and all negative anticipations, there is light at the end of the tunnel. The corruption giant can be tamed if the government adopts some pragmatic measures. First, the culture of accountability in the state should be strengthened.  Though many measures have already been taken in this regard, like the inception of the Federal Investigation Agency (FIA) and the National Accountability Bureau (NAB), the dream to curb corruption in the state is still a far cry.   For the model’s efficiency, both acts should be reviewed and implemented purely for transparency rather than political victimization.  Furthermore, incorporating cutting-edge technology in governance mechanisms can bring positive results as it gives the public easy access to understand government initiatives and evaluate their performance indicators.

Second, controlling corruption in Pakistan can not only be confined to reforming accountability mechanisms; it is a cultural norm that needs to be rooted out. For this purpose, the people should know their civic rights and responsibilities. They must learn actual democratic values to practice for a corruption-free, fair society. This can be done  by educational means and by remodelling curriculum contents stressing moral norms and tolerance.  Moreover, advancing information and communication technology (ICT) can also play a constructive role in inculcating civic sense and democratic values in the Pakistani community. Thus,  Pakistan should follow the ICT-based corruption eradication process of the developed nations for swift reforms.   

Critically analyzing the circumstances, corruption has encircled every state institute, eroding the country’s foundations. It will bring the nation to the verge of disaster, and the most tragic fact is that it is now practised in society as a norm and culture. If reviewed keenly, it is the only aspect that is causing the country to collapse; it is favouring state enemies, supporting terrorism, backing fifth-generation war elements, and mushrooming civil insurgencies. Altogether, such elements will not let Pakistan pave its way for sustainable development. However, it is high time the government infiltrated state affairs to undo the damage and recover the losses. 

In retrospect, despite corruption being an undeniable element of the governance system, it can never be overlooked as its surging cost will be very high for the nation. Therefore, Pakistan, a developing country with weak institutional infrastructure, will be unable to bear its implications. Though the current state of the menace is formidable, as the matter has been ignored for decades, the existence of anti-corruption institutes indicates that Pakistan is seriously considering corruption. In the evolving phenomenon of globalization, controlling corruption is a matter of survival for Pakistan. Currently, only a fair, just, and secure society can aid the state in consolidating democracy in its governance system, thus enabling the country to play its due role globally. Accordingly, the Pakistani government has to devise and implement long-term, robust, and sustainable policies to outshine the future corruption threats in its political, social, and economic institutes for smooth growth and prosperity. 

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Corruption Essay in Urdu کرپشن (بدعنوانی)

What is corruption how to control corruption in pakistan.

• What are different types of corruption?
• How systemic corruption is different from sporadic corruption?
• How strong democracy can control corruption in Pakistan?

Corruption is one of the major and severest issues faced by Pakistan today. Every single individual in Pakistan is under heavy foreign debt. At the same time, the country is at the brink of going bankrupt. If corruption is stopped, the foreign debt can easily be paid.

Suggesting ways how to control corruption in Pakistan requires in-depth understanding of its causes and the ways how it is practiced. On this platform, you will learn about what is corruption in Urdu as well.

Called “بدعنوانی” in Urdu, corruption is a broad term. Generally, it can be defined as the misuse of entrusted power for illegitimate personal or private gains. It can also be regarded as a form of fraudulent and dishonest conduct by the persons entrusted with a position of authority, typically involving bribery and embezzlement of money or funds.

Corruption can be of several different types, such as political corruption, sporadic corruption, systemic corruption, grand corruption, petty corruption, legal corruption and moral corruption.

Here follows a brief overview of different types of corruption.

Political Corruption: This type of corruption refers to the misuse of authority by the politicians and government officials for the unlawful and undeserved political and personal gains. Such an illegal act is often directly related to their official duties and is done under the color of law.

The political corruption may involve transactions between private and public sector actors to illegally convert collective goods into private-regarding payoffs.

Systemic Corruption: Also called endemic corruption, it can be contrasted with agents or individual officials who conduct corrupt practices within the system. The systemic corruption occurs primarily due to the loopholes in a process or an organization. It is embedded in a wider system which helps sustain it.

Sporadic Corruption: The sporadic or individual corruption is the opposite of the endemic corruption as it occurs irregularly and does not threaten the mechanisms of control. This type of dishonest conduct by people in authority seriously undermines the morale and saps the economy of resources.

Grand Corruption: As the name suggests, grand corruption is a high-level corruption that takes place at the level of policy formation by the officials, politicians or legislators. In other words, it is at the highest level of the public sphere where rules and policies are formulated in the first place.

Petty Corruption: This small-scale corruption is also called bureaucratic corruption. It involves the everyday corrupt practices on the part of the officials or individuals in authority at the implementation end of the rules and policies where the public officials meet the public. It may involve bribery in connection with the enforcement of the existing rules and regulations which makes it different from the grand or political corruption.

Causes of Corruption

After you know the causes of corruption, you will be able to formulate the ways how to control corruption in Pakistan. There can be several different causes of dishonest and fraudulent practices by people in authority.

Some of the factors which may give rise to corruption include:

Lack of Accountability: When people in authority know that they will not be brought to book for their corrupt practice, they feel free to make misuse of entrusted power for unlawful personal benefits.

Low Salaries: Low salaries is one of the basic causes of corruption. When people working for an organization are unable to make two ends meet, they may resort to collect money through illegal and corrupt practices.

Mistrust in Government: When the government is not spending the taxpayer’s money on the rightful causes like education, health and welfare of the people in general, people try to evade taxes. The evasion of taxes can also be considered a type of corruption.

Unemployment: When the educated individuals do not get the jobs they deserve and have expertise for, they try to bribe the individuals in authority to secure their place in an organization. Bribery, as you know, is one of the corrupt practices.

Low Press Freedom: When the press and media are deprived of their right to freedom of expression, people in authority feel free to conduct corrupt practices. It is because they know that their corrupt practices shall not be made public and they will have least chances of facing accountability.

Other causes of corruption include:

• Greed of money and luxury.
• Lust for power.
• Political monopolization.
• Less political transparency.
• Weak democracy.
• Inefficient structures of administration, etc.

How to Control Corruption in Pakistan:

Corruption is engulfing the economy of Pakistan. The country is under the burden of huge circular and foreign debts. If the corrupt practices are not controlled, the country may go bankrupt. So, the people in authority need to formulate effective strategies to stop corruption.

Some of the ways how to control corruption in Pakistan are listed below:

Strong Democracy: If the democratic system of Pakistan is made strong, people will reject the corrupt politicians. They will not entrust power in their hand. So, to be voted to power the next time, the politicians will try to keep their hands clean and avoid corrupt practices.

Running Awareness Campaign: Running an awareness campaign about corruption will make the corrupt individuals feel guilty. Meanwhile, they will also become fearful of facing the consequences.

Transparency of Affairs and Deals: If all the financial affairs and deals at different levels of the business of state are made transparent, people in authority will feel reluctant to get indulged in corrupt practices.

Addressing the Causes of Corruption: Corruption can easily be controlled by addressing and paying attention to the causes of corruption.

To control corruption, the state can do the following things:

• Raise the standard of life of employees.
• Work for the welfare of the people.
• Provide better opportunities for health, education, accommodation, etc.

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