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Argumentative Essay Ten Reasons for Banning Books

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Published: Mar 13, 2024

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• American Academy of Pediatrics. (2009). Media violence. Pediatrics, 124(5), 1495-1503.
• Southern Poverty Law Center. (n.d.). Hate and extremist groups.
• National Association of Science Writers. (2010). The science of science writing. Oxford University Press.
• National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2014). Drugs, brains, and behavior: The science of addiction.
• National Council of Teachers of English. (2017). Guidelines for selection of materials in English language arts programs.
• American Psychological Association. (2013). Guidelines for psychological practice with transgender and gender nonconforming people.
• American Library Association. (2014). Library bill of rights.
• World Intellectual Property Organization. (n.d.). Copyright law and policy.
• Federal Bureau of Investigation. (2018). Terrorism and extremism.
• United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. (2001). Universal declaration on cultural diversity.

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• How to write an argumentative essay | Examples & tips

How to Write an Argumentative Essay | Examples & Tips

Published on July 24, 2020 by Jack Caulfield . Revised on July 23, 2023.

An argumentative essay expresses an extended argument for a particular thesis statement . The author takes a clearly defined stance on their subject and builds up an evidence-based case for it.

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Table of contents

When do you write an argumentative essay, approaches to argumentative essays, introducing your argument, the body: developing your argument, concluding your argument, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about argumentative essays.

You might be assigned an argumentative essay as a writing exercise in high school or in a composition class. The prompt will often ask you to argue for one of two positions, and may include terms like “argue” or “argument.” It will frequently take the form of a question.

The prompt may also be more open-ended in terms of the possible arguments you could make.

Argumentative writing at college level

At university, the vast majority of essays or papers you write will involve some form of argumentation. For example, both rhetorical analysis and literary analysis essays involve making arguments about texts.

In this context, you won’t necessarily be told to write an argumentative essay—but making an evidence-based argument is an essential goal of most academic writing, and this should be your default approach unless you’re told otherwise.

Examples of argumentative essay prompts

At a university level, all the prompts below imply an argumentative essay as the appropriate response.

Your research should lead you to develop a specific position on the topic. The essay then argues for that position and aims to convince the reader by presenting your evidence, evaluation and analysis.

• Don’t just list all the effects you can think of.
• Do develop a focused argument about the overall effect and why it matters, backed up by evidence from sources.
• Don’t just provide a selection of data on the measures’ effectiveness.
• Do build up your own argument about which kinds of measures have been most or least effective, and why.
• Don’t just analyze a random selection of doppelgänger characters.
• Do form an argument about specific texts, comparing and contrasting how they express their thematic concerns through doppelgänger characters.

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An argumentative essay should be objective in its approach; your arguments should rely on logic and evidence, not on exaggeration or appeals to emotion.

There are many possible approaches to argumentative essays, but there are two common models that can help you start outlining your arguments: The Toulmin model and the Rogerian model.

Toulmin arguments

The Toulmin model consists of four steps, which may be repeated as many times as necessary for the argument:

• Make a claim
• Provide the grounds (evidence) for the claim
• Explain the warrant (how the grounds support the claim)
• Discuss possible rebuttals to the claim, identifying the limits of the argument and showing that you have considered alternative perspectives

The Toulmin model is a common approach in academic essays. You don’t have to use these specific terms (grounds, warrants, rebuttals), but establishing a clear connection between your claims and the evidence supporting them is crucial in an argumentative essay.

Say you’re making an argument about the effectiveness of workplace anti-discrimination measures. You might:

• Claim that unconscious bias training does not have the desired results, and resources would be better spent on other approaches
• Cite data to support your claim
• Explain how the data indicates that the method is ineffective
• Anticipate objections to your claim based on other data, indicating whether these objections are valid, and if not, why not.

Rogerian arguments

The Rogerian model also consists of four steps you might repeat throughout your essay:

• Discuss what the opposing position gets right and why people might hold this position
• Highlight the problems with this position
• Present your own position , showing how it addresses these problems
• Suggest a possible compromise —what elements of your position would proponents of the opposing position benefit from adopting?

This model builds up a clear picture of both sides of an argument and seeks a compromise. It is particularly useful when people tend to disagree strongly on the issue discussed, allowing you to approach opposing arguments in good faith.

Say you want to argue that the internet has had a positive impact on education. You might:

• Acknowledge that students rely too much on websites like Wikipedia
• Argue that teachers view Wikipedia as more unreliable than it really is
• Suggest that Wikipedia’s system of citations can actually teach students about referencing
• Suggest critical engagement with Wikipedia as a possible assignment for teachers who are skeptical of its usefulness.

You don’t necessarily have to pick one of these models—you may even use elements of both in different parts of your essay—but it’s worth considering them if you struggle to structure your arguments.

Regardless of which approach you take, your essay should always be structured using an introduction , a body , and a conclusion .

Like other academic essays, an argumentative essay begins with an introduction . The introduction serves to capture the reader’s interest, provide background information, present your thesis statement , and (in longer essays) to summarize the structure of the body.

Hover over different parts of the example below to see how a typical introduction works.

The spread of the internet has had a world-changing effect, not least on the world of education. The use of the internet in academic contexts is on the rise, and its role in learning is hotly debated. For many teachers who did not grow up with this technology, its effects seem alarming and potentially harmful. This concern, while understandable, is misguided. The negatives of internet use are outweighed by its critical benefits for students and educators—as a uniquely comprehensive and accessible information source; a means of exposure to and engagement with different perspectives; and a highly flexible learning environment.

The body of an argumentative essay is where you develop your arguments in detail. Here you’ll present evidence, analysis, and reasoning to convince the reader that your thesis statement is true.

In the standard five-paragraph format for short essays, the body takes up three of your five paragraphs. In longer essays, it will be more paragraphs, and might be divided into sections with headings.

Each paragraph covers its own topic, introduced with a topic sentence . Each of these topics must contribute to your overall argument; don’t include irrelevant information.

This example paragraph takes a Rogerian approach: It first acknowledges the merits of the opposing position and then highlights problems with that position.

Hover over different parts of the example to see how a body paragraph is constructed.

A common frustration for teachers is students’ use of Wikipedia as a source in their writing. Its prevalence among students is not exaggerated; a survey found that the vast majority of the students surveyed used Wikipedia (Head & Eisenberg, 2010). An article in The Guardian stresses a common objection to its use: “a reliance on Wikipedia can discourage students from engaging with genuine academic writing” (Coomer, 2013). Teachers are clearly not mistaken in viewing Wikipedia usage as ubiquitous among their students; but the claim that it discourages engagement with academic sources requires further investigation. This point is treated as self-evident by many teachers, but Wikipedia itself explicitly encourages students to look into other sources. Its articles often provide references to academic publications and include warning notes where citations are missing; the site’s own guidelines for research make clear that it should be used as a starting point, emphasizing that users should always “read the references and check whether they really do support what the article says” (“Wikipedia:Researching with Wikipedia,” 2020). Indeed, for many students, Wikipedia is their first encounter with the concepts of citation and referencing. The use of Wikipedia therefore has a positive side that merits deeper consideration than it often receives.

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An argumentative essay ends with a conclusion that summarizes and reflects on the arguments made in the body.

No new arguments or evidence appear here, but in longer essays you may discuss the strengths and weaknesses of your argument and suggest topics for future research. In all conclusions, you should stress the relevance and importance of your argument.

Hover over the following example to see the typical elements of a conclusion.

The internet has had a major positive impact on the world of education; occasional pitfalls aside, its value is evident in numerous applications. The future of teaching lies in the possibilities the internet opens up for communication, research, and interactivity. As the popularity of distance learning shows, students value the flexibility and accessibility offered by digital education, and educators should fully embrace these advantages. The internet’s dangers, real and imaginary, have been documented exhaustively by skeptics, but the internet is here to stay; it is time to focus seriously on its potential for good.

If you want to know more about AI tools , college essays , or fallacies make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples or go directly to our tools!

• Ad hominem fallacy
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• False cause fallacy
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An argumentative essay tends to be a longer essay involving independent research, and aims to make an original argument about a topic. Its thesis statement makes a contentious claim that must be supported in an objective, evidence-based way.

An expository essay also aims to be objective, but it doesn’t have to make an original argument. Rather, it aims to explain something (e.g., a process or idea) in a clear, concise way. Expository essays are often shorter assignments and rely less on research.

At college level, you must properly cite your sources in all essays , research papers , and other academic texts (except exams and in-class exercises).

Add a citation whenever you quote , paraphrase , or summarize information or ideas from a source. You should also give full source details in a bibliography or reference list at the end of your text.

The exact format of your citations depends on which citation style you are instructed to use. The most common styles are APA , MLA , and Chicago .

The majority of the essays written at university are some sort of argumentative essay . Unless otherwise specified, you can assume that the goal of any essay you’re asked to write is argumentative: To convince the reader of your position using evidence and reasoning.

In composition classes you might be given assignments that specifically test your ability to write an argumentative essay. Look out for prompts including instructions like “argue,” “assess,” or “discuss” to see if this is the goal.

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Need to defend your opinion on an issue? Argumentative essays are one of the most popular types of essays you’ll write in school. They combine persuasive arguments with fact-based research, and, when done well, can be powerful tools for making someone agree with your point of view. If you’re struggling to write an argumentative essay or just want to learn more about them, seeing examples can be a big help.

After giving an overview of this type of essay, we provide three argumentative essay examples. After each essay, we explain in-depth how the essay was structured, what worked, and where the essay could be improved. We end with tips for making your own argumentative essay as strong as possible.

What Is an Argumentative Essay?

An argumentative essay is an essay that uses evidence and facts to support the claim it’s making. Its purpose is to persuade the reader to agree with the argument being made.

A good argumentative essay will use facts and evidence to support the argument, rather than just the author’s thoughts and opinions. For example, say you wanted to write an argumentative essay stating that Charleston, SC is a great destination for families. You couldn’t just say that it’s a great place because you took your family there and enjoyed it. For it to be an argumentative essay, you need to have facts and data to support your argument, such as the number of child-friendly attractions in Charleston, special deals you can get with kids, and surveys of people who visited Charleston as a family and enjoyed it. The first argument is based entirely on feelings, whereas the second is based on evidence that can be proven.

The standard five paragraph format is common, but not required, for argumentative essays. These essays typically follow one of two formats: the Toulmin model or the Rogerian model.

• The Toulmin model is the most common. It begins with an introduction, follows with a thesis/claim, and gives data and evidence to support that claim. This style of essay also includes rebuttals of counterarguments.
• The Rogerian model analyzes two sides of an argument and reaches a conclusion after weighing the strengths and weaknesses of each.

3 Good Argumentative Essay Examples + Analysis

Below are three examples of argumentative essays, written by yours truly in my school days, as well as analysis of what each did well and where it could be improved.

Argumentative Essay Example 1

Proponents of this idea state that it will save local cities and towns money because libraries are expensive to maintain. They also believe it will encourage more people to read because they won’t have to travel to a library to get a book; they can simply click on what they want to read and read it from wherever they are. They could also access more materials because libraries won’t have to buy physical copies of books; they can simply rent out as many digital copies as they need.

However, it would be a serious mistake to replace libraries with tablets. First, digital books and resources are associated with less learning and more problems than print resources. A study done on tablet vs book reading found that people read 20-30% slower on tablets, retain 20% less information, and understand 10% less of what they read compared to people who read the same information in print. Additionally, staring too long at a screen has been shown to cause numerous health problems, including blurred vision, dizziness, dry eyes, headaches, and eye strain, at much higher instances than reading print does. People who use tablets and mobile devices excessively also have a higher incidence of more serious health issues such as fibromyalgia, shoulder and back pain, carpal tunnel syndrome, and muscle strain. I know that whenever I read from my e-reader for too long, my eyes begin to feel tired and my neck hurts. We should not add to these problems by giving people, especially young people, more reasons to look at screens.

Second, it is incredibly narrow-minded to assume that the only service libraries offer is book lending. Libraries have a multitude of benefits, and many are only available if the library has a physical location. Some of these benefits include acting as a quiet study space, giving people a way to converse with their neighbors, holding classes on a variety of topics, providing jobs, answering patron questions, and keeping the community connected. One neighborhood found that, after a local library instituted community events such as play times for toddlers and parents, job fairs for teenagers, and meeting spaces for senior citizens, over a third of residents reported feeling more connected to their community. Similarly, a Pew survey conducted in 2015 found that nearly two-thirds of American adults feel that closing their local library would have a major impact on their community. People see libraries as a way to connect with others and get their questions answered, benefits tablets can’t offer nearly as well or as easily.

While replacing libraries with tablets may seem like a simple solution, it would encourage people to spend even more time looking at digital screens, despite the myriad issues surrounding them. It would also end access to many of the benefits of libraries that people have come to rely on. In many areas, libraries are such an important part of the community network that they could never be replaced by a simple object.

The author begins by giving an overview of the counter-argument, then the thesis appears as the first sentence in the third paragraph. The essay then spends the rest of the paper dismantling the counter argument and showing why readers should believe the other side.

What this essay does well:

• Although it’s a bit unusual to have the thesis appear fairly far into the essay, it works because, once the thesis is stated, the rest of the essay focuses on supporting it since the counter-argument has already been discussed earlier in the paper.
• This essay includes numerous facts and cites studies to support its case. By having specific data to rely on, the author’s argument is stronger and readers will be more inclined to agree with it.
• For every argument the other side makes, the author makes sure to refute it and follow up with why her opinion is the stronger one. In order to make a strong argument, it’s important to dismantle the other side, which this essay does this by making the author's view appear stronger.
• This is a shorter paper, and if it needed to be expanded to meet length requirements, it could include more examples and go more into depth with them, such as by explaining specific cases where people benefited from local libraries.
• Additionally, while the paper uses lots of data, the author also mentions their own experience with using tablets. This should be removed since argumentative essays focus on facts and data to support an argument, not the author’s own opinion or experiences. Replacing that with more data on health issues associated with screen time would strengthen the essay.
• Some of the points made aren't completely accurate , particularly the one about digital books being cheaper. It actually often costs a library more money to rent out numerous digital copies of a book compared to buying a single physical copy. Make sure in your own essay you thoroughly research each of the points and rebuttals you make, otherwise you'll look like you don't know the issue that well.

Argumentative Essay Example 2

There are multiple drugs available to treat malaria, and many of them work well and save lives, but malaria eradication programs that focus too much on them and not enough on prevention haven’t seen long-term success in Sub-Saharan Africa. A major program to combat malaria was WHO’s Global Malaria Eradication Programme. Started in 1955, it had a goal of eliminating malaria in Africa within the next ten years. Based upon previously successful programs in Brazil and the United States, the program focused mainly on vector control. This included widely distributing chloroquine and spraying large amounts of DDT. More than one billion dollars was spent trying to abolish malaria. However, the program suffered from many problems and in 1969, WHO was forced to admit that the program had not succeeded in eradicating malaria. The number of people in Sub-Saharan Africa who contracted malaria as well as the number of malaria deaths had actually increased over 10% during the time the program was active.

One of the major reasons for the failure of the project was that it set uniform strategies and policies. By failing to consider variations between governments, geography, and infrastructure, the program was not nearly as successful as it could have been. Sub-Saharan Africa has neither the money nor the infrastructure to support such an elaborate program, and it couldn’t be run the way it was meant to. Most African countries don't have the resources to send all their people to doctors and get shots, nor can they afford to clear wetlands or other malaria prone areas. The continent’s spending per person for eradicating malaria was just a quarter of what Brazil spent. Sub-Saharan Africa simply can’t rely on a plan that requires more money, infrastructure, and expertise than they have to spare.

Additionally, the widespread use of chloroquine has created drug resistant parasites which are now plaguing Sub-Saharan Africa. Because chloroquine was used widely but inconsistently, mosquitoes developed resistance, and chloroquine is now nearly completely ineffective in Sub-Saharan Africa, with over 95% of mosquitoes resistant to it. As a result, newer, more expensive drugs need to be used to prevent and treat malaria, which further drives up the cost of malaria treatment for a region that can ill afford it.

Instead of developing plans to treat malaria after the infection has incurred, programs should focus on preventing infection from occurring in the first place. Not only is this plan cheaper and more effective, reducing the number of people who contract malaria also reduces loss of work/school days which can further bring down the productivity of the region.

One of the cheapest and most effective ways of preventing malaria is to implement insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs).  These nets provide a protective barrier around the person or people using them. While untreated bed nets are still helpful, those treated with insecticides are much more useful because they stop mosquitoes from biting people through the nets, and they help reduce mosquito populations in a community, thus helping people who don’t even own bed nets.  Bed nets are also very effective because most mosquito bites occur while the person is sleeping, so bed nets would be able to drastically reduce the number of transmissions during the night. In fact, transmission of malaria can be reduced by as much as 90% in areas where the use of ITNs is widespread. Because money is so scarce in Sub-Saharan Africa, the low cost is a great benefit and a major reason why the program is so successful. Bed nets cost roughly 2 USD to make, last several years, and can protect two adults. Studies have shown that, for every 100-1000 more nets are being used, one less child dies of malaria. With an estimated 300 million people in Africa not being protected by mosquito nets, there’s the potential to save three million lives by spending just a few dollars per person.

Reducing the number of people who contract malaria would also reduce poverty levels in Africa significantly, thus improving other aspects of society like education levels and the economy. Vector control is more effective than treatment strategies because it means fewer people are getting sick. When fewer people get sick, the working population is stronger as a whole because people are not put out of work from malaria, nor are they caring for sick relatives. Malaria-afflicted families can typically only harvest 40% of the crops that healthy families can harvest. Additionally, a family with members who have malaria spends roughly a quarter of its income treatment, not including the loss of work they also must deal with due to the illness. It’s estimated that malaria costs Africa 12 billion USD in lost income every year. A strong working population creates a stronger economy, which Sub-Saharan Africa is in desperate need of.  

This essay begins with an introduction, which ends with the thesis (that malaria eradication plans in Sub-Saharan Africa should focus on prevention rather than treatment). The first part of the essay lays out why the counter argument (treatment rather than prevention) is not as effective, and the second part of the essay focuses on why prevention of malaria is the better path to take.

• The thesis appears early, is stated clearly, and is supported throughout the rest of the essay. This makes the argument clear for readers to understand and follow throughout the essay.
• There’s lots of solid research in this essay, including specific programs that were conducted and how successful they were, as well as specific data mentioned throughout. This evidence helps strengthen the author’s argument.
• The author makes a case for using expanding bed net use over waiting until malaria occurs and beginning treatment, but not much of a plan is given for how the bed nets would be distributed or how to ensure they’re being used properly. By going more into detail of what she believes should be done, the author would be making a stronger argument.
• The introduction of the essay does a good job of laying out the seriousness of the problem, but the conclusion is short and abrupt. Expanding it into its own paragraph would give the author a final way to convince readers of her side of the argument.

Argumentative Essay Example 3

There are many ways payments could work. They could be in the form of a free-market approach, where athletes are able to earn whatever the market is willing to pay them, it could be a set amount of money per athlete, or student athletes could earn income from endorsements, autographs, and control of their likeness, similar to the way top Olympians earn money.

Proponents of the idea believe that, because college athletes are the ones who are training, participating in games, and bringing in audiences, they should receive some sort of compensation for their work. If there were no college athletes, the NCAA wouldn’t exist, college coaches wouldn’t receive there (sometimes very high) salaries, and brands like Nike couldn’t profit from college sports. In fact, the NCAA brings in roughly $1 billion in revenue a year, but college athletes don’t receive any of that money in the form of a paycheck. Additionally, people who believe college athletes should be paid state that paying college athletes will actually encourage them to remain in college longer and not turn pro as quickly, either by giving them a way to begin earning money in college or requiring them to sign a contract stating they’ll stay at the university for a certain number of years while making an agreed-upon salary.  

Supporters of this idea point to Zion Williamson, the Duke basketball superstar, who, during his freshman year, sustained a serious knee injury. Many argued that, even if he enjoyed playing for Duke, it wasn’t worth risking another injury and ending his professional career before it even began for a program that wasn’t paying him. Williamson seems to have agreed with them and declared his eligibility for the NCAA draft later that year. If he was being paid, he may have stayed at Duke longer. In fact, roughly a third of student athletes surveyed stated that receiving a salary while in college would make them “strongly consider” remaining collegiate athletes longer before turning pro.

Paying athletes could also stop the recruitment scandals that have plagued the NCAA. In 2018, the NCAA stripped the University of Louisville's men's basketball team of its 2013 national championship title because it was discovered coaches were using sex workers to entice recruits to join the team. There have been dozens of other recruitment scandals where college athletes and recruits have been bribed with anything from having their grades changed, to getting free cars, to being straight out bribed. By paying college athletes and putting their salaries out in the open, the NCAA could end the illegal and underhanded ways some schools and coaches try to entice athletes to join.

People who argue against the idea of paying college athletes believe the practice could be disastrous for college sports. By paying athletes, they argue, they’d turn college sports into a bidding war, where only the richest schools could afford top athletes, and the majority of schools would be shut out from developing a talented team (though some argue this already happens because the best players often go to the most established college sports programs, who typically pay their coaches millions of dollars per year). It could also ruin the tight camaraderie of many college teams if players become jealous that certain teammates are making more money than they are.

They also argue that paying college athletes actually means only a small fraction would make significant money. Out of the 350 Division I athletic departments, fewer than a dozen earn any money. Nearly all the money the NCAA makes comes from men’s football and basketball, so paying college athletes would make a small group of men--who likely will be signed to pro teams and begin making millions immediately out of college--rich at the expense of other players.

Those against paying college athletes also believe that the athletes are receiving enough benefits already. The top athletes already receive scholarships that are worth tens of thousands per year, they receive free food/housing/textbooks, have access to top medical care if they are injured, receive top coaching, get travel perks and free gear, and can use their time in college as a way to capture the attention of professional recruiters. No other college students receive anywhere near as much from their schools.

People on this side also point out that, while the NCAA brings in a massive amount of money each year, it is still a non-profit organization. How? Because over 95% of those profits are redistributed to its members’ institutions in the form of scholarships, grants, conferences, support for Division II and Division III teams, and educational programs. Taking away a significant part of that revenue would hurt smaller programs that rely on that money to keep running.

While both sides have good points, it’s clear that the negatives of paying college athletes far outweigh the positives. College athletes spend a significant amount of time and energy playing for their school, but they are compensated for it by the scholarships and perks they receive. Adding a salary to that would result in a college athletic system where only a small handful of athletes (those likely to become millionaires in the professional leagues) are paid by a handful of schools who enter bidding wars to recruit them, while the majority of student athletics and college athletic programs suffer or even shut down for lack of money. Continuing to offer the current level of benefits to student athletes makes it possible for as many people to benefit from and enjoy college sports as possible.

This argumentative essay follows the Rogerian model. It discusses each side, first laying out multiple reasons people believe student athletes should be paid, then discussing reasons why the athletes shouldn’t be paid. It ends by stating that college athletes shouldn’t be paid by arguing that paying them would destroy college athletics programs and cause them to have many of the issues professional sports leagues have.

• Both sides of the argument are well developed, with multiple reasons why people agree with each side. It allows readers to get a full view of the argument and its nuances.
• Certain statements on both sides are directly rebuffed in order to show where the strengths and weaknesses of each side lie and give a more complete and sophisticated look at the argument.
• Using the Rogerian model can be tricky because oftentimes you don’t explicitly state your argument until the end of the paper. Here, the thesis doesn’t appear until the first sentence of the final paragraph. That doesn’t give readers a lot of time to be convinced that your argument is the right one, compared to a paper where the thesis is stated in the beginning and then supported throughout the paper. This paper could be strengthened if the final paragraph was expanded to more fully explain why the author supports the view, or if the paper had made it clearer that paying athletes was the weaker argument throughout.

3 Tips for Writing a Good Argumentative Essay

Now that you’ve seen examples of what good argumentative essay samples look like, follow these three tips when crafting your own essay.

#1: Make Your Thesis Crystal Clear

The thesis is the key to your argumentative essay; if it isn’t clear or readers can’t find it easily, your entire essay will be weak as a result. Always make sure that your thesis statement is easy to find. The typical spot for it is the final sentence of the introduction paragraph, but if it doesn’t fit in that spot for your essay, try to at least put it as the first or last sentence of a different paragraph so it stands out more.

Also make sure that your thesis makes clear what side of the argument you’re on. After you’ve written it, it’s a great idea to show your thesis to a couple different people--classmates are great for this. Just by reading your thesis they should be able to understand what point you’ll be trying to make with the rest of your essay.

#2: Show Why the Other Side Is Weak

When writing your essay, you may be tempted to ignore the other side of the argument and just focus on your side, but don’t do this. The best argumentative essays really tear apart the other side to show why readers shouldn’t believe it. Before you begin writing your essay, research what the other side believes, and what their strongest points are. Then, in your essay, be sure to mention each of these and use evidence to explain why they’re incorrect/weak arguments. That’ll make your essay much more effective than if you only focused on your side of the argument.

#3: Use Evidence to Support Your Side

Remember, an essay can’t be an argumentative essay if it doesn’t support its argument with evidence. For every point you make, make sure you have facts to back it up. Some examples are previous studies done on the topic, surveys of large groups of people, data points, etc. There should be lots of numbers in your argumentative essay that support your side of the argument. This will make your essay much stronger compared to only relying on your own opinions to support your argument.

Summary: Argumentative Essay Sample

Argumentative essays are persuasive essays that use facts and evidence to support their side of the argument. Most argumentative essays follow either the Toulmin model or the Rogerian model. By reading good argumentative essay examples, you can learn how to develop your essay and provide enough support to make readers agree with your opinion. When writing your essay, remember to always make your thesis clear, show where the other side is weak, and back up your opinion with data and evidence.

What's Next?

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Christine graduated from Michigan State University with degrees in Environmental Biology and Geography and received her Master's from Duke University. In high school she scored in the 99th percentile on the SAT and was named a National Merit Finalist. She has taught English and biology in several countries.

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What is an Argumentative Essay? How to Write It (With Examples)

We define an argumentative essay as a type of essay that presents arguments about both sides of an issue. The purpose is to convince the reader to accept a particular viewpoint or action. In an argumentative essay, the writer takes a stance on a controversial or debatable topic and supports their position with evidence, reasoning, and examples. The essay should also address counterarguments, demonstrating a thorough understanding of the topic.

Table of Contents

• What is an argumentative essay?  
• Argumentative essay structure 
• Argumentative essay outline 
• Types of argument claims 

How to write an argumentative essay?

• Argumentative essay writing tips 
• Good argumentative essay example 

How to write a good thesis

• How to Write an Argumentative Essay with Paperpal? 

Frequently Asked Questions

What is an argumentative essay.

An argumentative essay is a type of writing that presents a coherent and logical analysis of a specific topic. 1 The goal is to convince the reader to accept the writer’s point of view or opinion on a particular issue. Here are the key elements of an argumentative essay: 

• Thesis Statement : The central claim or argument that the essay aims to prove. 
• Introduction : Provides background information and introduces the thesis statement. 
• Body Paragraphs : Each paragraph addresses a specific aspect of the argument, presents evidence, and may include counter arguments. 

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• Evidence : Supports the main argument with relevant facts, examples, statistics, or expert opinions. 
• Counterarguments : Anticipates and addresses opposing viewpoints to strengthen the overall argument. 
• Conclusion : Summarizes the main points, reinforces the thesis, and may suggest implications or actions. 

Argumentative essay structure

Aristotelian, Rogerian, and Toulmin are three distinct approaches to argumentative essay structures, each with its principles and methods. 2 The choice depends on the purpose and nature of the topic. Here’s an overview of each type of argumentative essay format.

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Argumentative essay outline

An argumentative essay presents a specific claim or argument and supports it with evidence and reasoning. Here’s an outline for an argumentative essay, along with examples for each section: 3  

1.  Introduction : 

• Hook : Start with a compelling statement, question, or anecdote to grab the reader’s attention. 

Example: “Did you know that plastic pollution is threatening marine life at an alarming rate?” 

• Background information : Provide brief context about the issue. 

Example: “Plastic pollution has become a global environmental concern, with millions of tons of plastic waste entering our oceans yearly.” 

• Thesis statement : Clearly state your main argument or position. 

Example: “We must take immediate action to reduce plastic usage and implement more sustainable alternatives to protect our marine ecosystem.” 

2.  Body Paragraphs : 

• Topic sentence : Introduce the main idea of each paragraph. 

Example: “The first step towards addressing the plastic pollution crisis is reducing single-use plastic consumption.” 

• Evidence/Support : Provide evidence, facts, statistics, or examples that support your argument. 

Example: “Research shows that plastic straws alone contribute to millions of tons of plastic waste annually, and many marine animals suffer from ingestion or entanglement.” 

• Counterargument/Refutation : Acknowledge and refute opposing viewpoints. 

Example: “Some argue that banning plastic straws is inconvenient for consumers, but the long-term environmental benefits far outweigh the temporary inconvenience.” 

• Transition : Connect each paragraph to the next. 

Example: “Having addressed the issue of single-use plastics, the focus must now shift to promoting sustainable alternatives.” 

3.  Counterargument Paragraph : 

• Acknowledgement of opposing views : Recognize alternative perspectives on the issue. 

Example: “While some may argue that individual actions cannot significantly impact global plastic pollution, the cumulative effect of collective efforts must be considered.” 

• Counterargument and rebuttal : Present and refute the main counterargument. 

Example: “However, individual actions, when multiplied across millions of people, can substantially reduce plastic waste. Small changes in behavior, such as using reusable bags and containers, can have a significant positive impact.” 

4.  Conclusion : 

• Restatement of thesis : Summarize your main argument. 

Example: “In conclusion, adopting sustainable practices and reducing single-use plastic is crucial for preserving our oceans and marine life.” 

• Call to action : Encourage the reader to take specific steps or consider the argument’s implications. 

Example: “It is our responsibility to make environmentally conscious choices and advocate for policies that prioritize the health of our planet. By collectively embracing sustainable alternatives, we can contribute to a cleaner and healthier future.” 

Types of argument claims

A claim is a statement or proposition a writer puts forward with evidence to persuade the reader. 4 Here are some common types of argument claims, along with examples: 

• Fact Claims : These claims assert that something is true or false and can often be verified through evidence.  Example: “Water boils at 100°C at sea level.”
• Value Claims : Value claims express judgments about the worth or morality of something, often based on personal beliefs or societal values. Example: “Organic farming is more ethical than conventional farming.” 
• Policy Claims : Policy claims propose a course of action or argue for a specific policy, law, or regulation change.  Example: “Schools should adopt a year-round education system to improve student learning outcomes.” 
• Cause and Effect Claims : These claims argue that one event or condition leads to another, establishing a cause-and-effect relationship.  Example: “Excessive use of social media is a leading cause of increased feelings of loneliness among young adults.” 
• Definition Claims : Definition claims assert the meaning or classification of a concept or term.  Example: “Artificial intelligence can be defined as machines exhibiting human-like cognitive functions.” 
• Comparative Claims : Comparative claims assert that one thing is better or worse than another in certain respects.  Example: “Online education is more cost-effective than traditional classroom learning.” 
• Evaluation Claims : Evaluation claims assess the quality, significance, or effectiveness of something based on specific criteria.  Example: “The new healthcare policy is more effective in providing affordable healthcare to all citizens.” 

Understanding these argument claims can help writers construct more persuasive and well-supported arguments tailored to the specific nature of the claim.  

If you’re wondering how to start an argumentative essay, here’s a step-by-step guide to help you with the argumentative essay format and writing process.

• Choose a Topic: Select a topic that you are passionate about or interested in. Ensure that the topic is debatable and has two or more sides.
• Define Your Position: Clearly state your stance on the issue. Consider opposing viewpoints and be ready to counter them.
• Conduct Research: Gather relevant information from credible sources, such as books, articles, and academic journals. Take notes on key points and supporting evidence.
• Create a Thesis Statement: Develop a concise and clear thesis statement that outlines your main argument. Convey your position on the issue and provide a roadmap for the essay.
• Outline Your Argumentative Essay: Organize your ideas logically by creating an outline. Include an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. Each body paragraph should focus on a single point that supports your thesis.
• Write the Introduction: Start with a hook to grab the reader’s attention (a quote, a question, a surprising fact). Provide background information on the topic. Present your thesis statement at the end of the introduction.
• Develop Body Paragraphs: Begin each paragraph with a clear topic sentence that relates to the thesis. Support your points with evidence and examples. Address counterarguments and refute them to strengthen your position. Ensure smooth transitions between paragraphs.
• Address Counterarguments: Acknowledge and respond to opposing viewpoints. Anticipate objections and provide evidence to counter them.
• Write the Conclusion: Summarize the main points of your argumentative essay. Reinforce the significance of your argument. End with a call to action, a prediction, or a thought-provoking statement.
• Revise, Edit, and Share: Review your essay for clarity, coherence, and consistency. Check for grammatical and spelling errors. Share your essay with peers, friends, or instructors for constructive feedback.
• Finalize Your Argumentative Essay: Make final edits based on feedback received. Ensure that your essay follows the required formatting and citation style.

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Argumentative essay writing tips

Here are eight strategies to craft a compelling argumentative essay: 

• Choose a Clear and Controversial Topic : Select a topic that sparks debate and has opposing viewpoints. A clear and controversial issue provides a solid foundation for a strong argument. 
• Conduct Thorough Research : Gather relevant information from reputable sources to support your argument. Use a variety of sources, such as academic journals, books, reputable websites, and expert opinions, to strengthen your position. 
• Create a Strong Thesis Statement : Clearly articulate your main argument in a concise thesis statement. Your thesis should convey your stance on the issue and provide a roadmap for the reader to follow your argument. 
• Develop a Logical Structure : Organize your essay with a clear introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion. Each paragraph should focus on a specific point of evidence that contributes to your overall argument. Ensure a logical flow from one point to the next. 
• Provide Strong Evidence : Support your claims with solid evidence. Use facts, statistics, examples, and expert opinions to support your arguments. Be sure to cite your sources appropriately to maintain credibility. 
• Address Counterarguments : Acknowledge opposing viewpoints and counterarguments. Addressing and refuting alternative perspectives strengthens your essay and demonstrates a thorough understanding of the issue. Be mindful of maintaining a respectful tone even when discussing opposing views. 
• Use Persuasive Language : Employ persuasive language to make your points effectively. Avoid emotional appeals without supporting evidence and strive for a respectful and professional tone. 
• Craft a Compelling Conclusion : Summarize your main points, restate your thesis, and leave a lasting impression in your conclusion. Encourage readers to consider the implications of your argument and potentially take action. 

Good argumentative essay example

Let’s consider a sample of argumentative essay on how social media enhances connectivity:

In the digital age, social media has emerged as a powerful tool that transcends geographical boundaries, connecting individuals from diverse backgrounds and providing a platform for an array of voices to be heard. While critics argue that social media fosters division and amplifies negativity, it is essential to recognize the positive aspects of this digital revolution and how it enhances connectivity by providing a platform for diverse voices to flourish. One of the primary benefits of social media is its ability to facilitate instant communication and connection across the globe. Platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram break down geographical barriers, enabling people to establish and maintain relationships regardless of physical location and fostering a sense of global community. Furthermore, social media has transformed how people stay connected with friends and family. Whether separated by miles or time zones, social media ensures that relationships remain dynamic and relevant, contributing to a more interconnected world. Moreover, social media has played a pivotal role in giving voice to social justice movements and marginalized communities. Movements such as #BlackLivesMatter, #MeToo, and #ClimateStrike have gained momentum through social media, allowing individuals to share their stories and advocate for change on a global scale. This digital activism can shape public opinion and hold institutions accountable. Social media platforms provide a dynamic space for open dialogue and discourse. Users can engage in discussions, share information, and challenge each other’s perspectives, fostering a culture of critical thinking. This open exchange of ideas contributes to a more informed and enlightened society where individuals can broaden their horizons and develop a nuanced understanding of complex issues. While criticisms of social media abound, it is crucial to recognize its positive impact on connectivity and the amplification of diverse voices. Social media transcends physical and cultural barriers, connecting people across the globe and providing a platform for marginalized voices to be heard. By fostering open dialogue and facilitating the exchange of ideas, social media contributes to a more interconnected and empowered society. Embracing the positive aspects of social media allows us to harness its potential for positive change and collective growth.

• Clearly Define Your Thesis Statement:   Your thesis statement is the core of your argumentative essay. Clearly articulate your main argument or position on the issue. Avoid vague or general statements.  
• Provide Strong Supporting Evidence:   Back up your thesis with solid evidence from reliable sources and examples. This can include facts, statistics, expert opinions, anecdotes, or real-life examples. Make sure your evidence is relevant to your argument, as it impacts the overall persuasiveness of your thesis.  
• Anticipate Counterarguments and Address Them:   Acknowledge and address opposing viewpoints to strengthen credibility. This also shows that you engage critically with the topic rather than presenting a one-sided argument. 

How to Write an Argumentative Essay with Paperpal?

Writing a winning argumentative essay not only showcases your ability to critically analyze a topic but also demonstrates your skill in persuasively presenting your stance backed by evidence. Achieving this level of writing excellence can be time-consuming. This is where Paperpal, your AI academic writing assistant, steps in to revolutionize the way you approach argumentative essays. Here’s a step-by-step guide on how to use Paperpal to write your essay: 

• Sign Up or Log In: Begin by creating an account or logging into paperpal.com .  
• Navigate to Paperpal Copilot: Once logged in, proceed to the Templates section from the side navigation bar.  
• Generate an essay outline: Under Templates, click on the ‘Outline’ tab and choose ‘Essay’ from the options and provide your topic to generate an outline.  
• Develop your essay: Use this structured outline as a guide to flesh out your essay. If you encounter any roadblocks, click on Brainstorm and get subject-specific assistance, ensuring you stay on track. 
• Refine your writing: To elevate the academic tone of your essay, select a paragraph and use the ‘Make Academic’ feature under the ‘Rewrite’ tab, ensuring your argumentative essay resonates with an academic audience. 
• Final Touches: Make your argumentative essay submission ready with Paperpal’s language, grammar, consistency and plagiarism checks, and improve your chances of acceptance.  

Paperpal not only simplifies the essay writing process but also ensures your argumentative essay is persuasive, well-structured, and academically rigorous. Sign up today and transform how you write argumentative essays. 

The length of an argumentative essay can vary, but it typically falls within the range of 1,000 to 2,500 words. However, the specific requirements may depend on the guidelines provided.

You might write an argumentative essay when:  1. You want to convince others of the validity of your position.  2. There is a controversial or debatable issue that requires discussion.  3. You need to present evidence and logical reasoning to support your claims.  4. You want to explore and critically analyze different perspectives on a topic. 

Argumentative Essay:  Purpose : An argumentative essay aims to persuade the reader to accept or agree with a specific point of view or argument.  Structure : It follows a clear structure with an introduction, thesis statement, body paragraphs presenting arguments and evidence, counterarguments and refutations, and a conclusion.  Tone : The tone is formal and relies on logical reasoning, evidence, and critical analysis.    Narrative/Descriptive Essay:  Purpose : These aim to tell a story or describe an experience, while a descriptive essay focuses on creating a vivid picture of a person, place, or thing.  Structure : They may have a more flexible structure. They often include an engaging introduction, a well-developed body that builds the story or description, and a conclusion.  Tone : The tone is more personal and expressive to evoke emotions or provide sensory details. 

• Gladd, J. (2020). Tips for Writing Academic Persuasive Essays.  Write What Matters . 
• Nimehchisalem, V. (2018). Pyramid of argumentation: Towards an integrated model for teaching and assessing ESL writing.  Language & Communication ,  5 (2), 185-200. 
• Press, B. (2022).  Argumentative Essays: A Step-by-Step Guide . Broadview Press. 
• Rieke, R. D., Sillars, M. O., & Peterson, T. R. (2005).  Argumentation and critical decision making . Pearson/Allyn & Bacon. 

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• How to Write a Scientific Paper in 10 Steps 
• What is a Literature Review? How to Write It (with Examples)
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Argumentative Essays

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The Modes of Discourse—Exposition, Description, Narration, Argumentation (EDNA)—are common paper assignments you may encounter in your writing classes. Although these genres have been criticized by some composition scholars, the Purdue OWL recognizes the wide spread use of these approaches and students’ need to understand and produce them.

What is an argumentative essay?

The argumentative essay is a genre of writing that requires the student to investigate a topic; collect, generate, and evaluate evidence; and establish a position on the topic in a concise manner.

Please note : Some confusion may occur between the argumentative essay and the expository essay. These two genres are similar, but the argumentative essay differs from the expository essay in the amount of pre-writing (invention) and research involved. The argumentative essay is commonly assigned as a capstone or final project in first year writing or advanced composition courses and involves lengthy, detailed research. Expository essays involve less research and are shorter in length. Expository essays are often used for in-class writing exercises or tests, such as the GED or GRE.

Argumentative essay assignments generally call for extensive research of literature or previously published material. Argumentative assignments may also require empirical research where the student collects data through interviews, surveys, observations, or experiments. Detailed research allows the student to learn about the topic and to understand different points of view regarding the topic so that she/he may choose a position and support it with the evidence collected during research. Regardless of the amount or type of research involved, argumentative essays must establish a clear thesis and follow sound reasoning.

The structure of the argumentative essay is held together by the following.

• A clear, concise, and defined thesis statement that occurs in the first paragraph of the essay.

In the first paragraph of an argument essay, students should set the context by reviewing the topic in a general way. Next the author should explain why the topic is important ( exigence ) or why readers should care about the issue. Lastly, students should present the thesis statement. It is essential that this thesis statement be appropriately narrowed to follow the guidelines set forth in the assignment. If the student does not master this portion of the essay, it will be quite difficult to compose an effective or persuasive essay.

• Clear and logical transitions between the introduction, body, and conclusion.

Transitions are the mortar that holds the foundation of the essay together. Without logical progression of thought, the reader is unable to follow the essay’s argument, and the structure will collapse. Transitions should wrap up the idea from the previous section and introduce the idea that is to follow in the next section.

• Body paragraphs that include evidential support.

Each paragraph should be limited to the discussion of one general idea. This will allow for clarity and direction throughout the essay. In addition, such conciseness creates an ease of readability for one’s audience. It is important to note that each paragraph in the body of the essay must have some logical connection to the thesis statement in the opening paragraph. Some paragraphs will directly support the thesis statement with evidence collected during research. It is also important to explain how and why the evidence supports the thesis ( warrant ).

However, argumentative essays should also consider and explain differing points of view regarding the topic. Depending on the length of the assignment, students should dedicate one or two paragraphs of an argumentative essay to discussing conflicting opinions on the topic. Rather than explaining how these differing opinions are wrong outright, students should note how opinions that do not align with their thesis might not be well informed or how they might be out of date.

• Evidential support (whether factual, logical, statistical, or anecdotal).

The argumentative essay requires well-researched, accurate, detailed, and current information to support the thesis statement and consider other points of view. Some factual, logical, statistical, or anecdotal evidence should support the thesis. However, students must consider multiple points of view when collecting evidence. As noted in the paragraph above, a successful and well-rounded argumentative essay will also discuss opinions not aligning with the thesis. It is unethical to exclude evidence that may not support the thesis. It is not the student’s job to point out how other positions are wrong outright, but rather to explain how other positions may not be well informed or up to date on the topic.

• A conclusion that does not simply restate the thesis, but readdresses it in light of the evidence provided.

It is at this point of the essay that students may begin to struggle. This is the portion of the essay that will leave the most immediate impression on the mind of the reader. Therefore, it must be effective and logical. Do not introduce any new information into the conclusion; rather, synthesize the information presented in the body of the essay. Restate why the topic is important, review the main points, and review your thesis. You may also want to include a short discussion of more research that should be completed in light of your work.

A complete argument

Perhaps it is helpful to think of an essay in terms of a conversation or debate with a classmate. If I were to discuss the cause of World War II and its current effect on those who lived through the tumultuous time, there would be a beginning, middle, and end to the conversation. In fact, if I were to end the argument in the middle of my second point, questions would arise concerning the current effects on those who lived through the conflict. Therefore, the argumentative essay must be complete, and logically so, leaving no doubt as to its intent or argument.

The five-paragraph essay

A common method for writing an argumentative essay is the five-paragraph approach. This is, however, by no means the only formula for writing such essays. If it sounds straightforward, that is because it is; in fact, the method consists of (a) an introductory paragraph (b) three evidentiary body paragraphs that may include discussion of opposing views and (c) a conclusion.

Longer argumentative essays

Complex issues and detailed research call for complex and detailed essays. Argumentative essays discussing a number of research sources or empirical research will most certainly be longer than five paragraphs. Authors may have to discuss the context surrounding the topic, sources of information and their credibility, as well as a number of different opinions on the issue before concluding the essay. Many of these factors will be determined by the assignment.

8 Effective Strategies to Write Argumentative Essays

In a bustling university town, there lived a student named Alex. Popular for creativity and wit, one challenge seemed insurmountable for Alex– the dreaded argumentative essay!

One gloomy afternoon, as the rain tapped against the window pane, Alex sat at his cluttered desk, staring at a blank document on the computer screen. The assignment loomed large: a 350-600-word argumentative essay on a topic of their choice . With a sigh, he decided to seek help of mentor, Professor Mitchell, who was known for his passion for writing.

Entering Professor Mitchell’s office was like stepping into a treasure of knowledge. Bookshelves lined every wall, faint aroma of old manuscripts in the air and sticky notes over the wall. Alex took a deep breath and knocked on his door.

“Ah, Alex,” Professor Mitchell greeted with a warm smile. “What brings you here today?”

Alex confessed his struggles with the argumentative essay. After hearing his concerns, Professor Mitchell said, “Ah, the argumentative essay! Don’t worry, Let’s take a look at it together.” As he guided Alex to the corner shelf, Alex asked,

Table of Contents

“What is an Argumentative Essay?”

The professor replied, “An argumentative essay is a type of academic writing that presents a clear argument or a firm position on a contentious issue. Unlike other forms of essays, such as descriptive or narrative essays, these essays require you to take a stance, present evidence, and convince your audience of the validity of your viewpoint with supporting evidence. A well-crafted argumentative essay relies on concrete facts and supporting evidence rather than merely expressing the author’s personal opinions . Furthermore, these essays demand comprehensive research on the chosen topic and typically follows a structured format consisting of three primary sections: an introductory paragraph, three body paragraphs, and a concluding paragraph.”

He continued, “Argumentative essays are written in a wide range of subject areas, reflecting their applicability across disciplines. They are written in different subject areas like literature and philosophy, history, science and technology, political science, psychology, economics and so on.

Alex asked,

“When is an Argumentative Essay Written?”

The professor answered, “Argumentative essays are often assigned in academic settings, but they can also be written for various other purposes, such as editorials, opinion pieces, or blog posts. Some situations to write argumentative essays include:

1. Academic assignments

In school or college, teachers may assign argumentative essays as part of coursework. It help students to develop critical thinking and persuasive writing skills .

2. Debates and discussions

Argumentative essays can serve as the basis for debates or discussions in academic or competitive settings. Moreover, they provide a structured way to present and defend your viewpoint.

3. Opinion pieces

Newspapers, magazines, and online publications often feature opinion pieces that present an argument on a current issue or topic to influence public opinion.

4. Policy proposals

In government and policy-related fields, argumentative essays are used to propose and defend specific policy changes or solutions to societal problems.

5. Persuasive speeches

Before delivering a persuasive speech, it’s common to prepare an argumentative essay as a foundation for your presentation.

Regardless of the context, an argumentative essay should present a clear thesis statement , provide evidence and reasoning to support your position, address counterarguments, and conclude with a compelling summary of your main points. The goal is to persuade readers or listeners to accept your viewpoint or at least consider it seriously.”

Handing over a book, the professor continued, “Take a look on the elements or structure of an argumentative essay.”

Elements of an Argumentative Essay

An argumentative essay comprises five essential components:

Claim in argumentative writing is the central argument or viewpoint that the writer aims to establish and defend throughout the essay. A claim must assert your position on an issue and must be arguable. It can guide the entire argument.

2. Evidence

Evidence must consist of factual information, data, examples, or expert opinions that support the claim. Also, it lends credibility by strengthening the writer’s position.

3. Counterarguments

Presenting a counterclaim demonstrates fairness and awareness of alternative perspectives.

4. Rebuttal

After presenting the counterclaim, the writer refutes it by offering counterarguments or providing evidence that weakens the opposing viewpoint. It shows that the writer has considered multiple perspectives and is prepared to defend their position.

The format of an argumentative essay typically follows the structure to ensure clarity and effectiveness in presenting an argument.

How to Write An Argumentative Essay

Here’s a step-by-step guide on how to write an argumentative essay:

1. Introduction

• Begin with a compelling sentence or question to grab the reader’s attention.
• Provide context for the issue, including relevant facts, statistics, or historical background.
• Provide a concise thesis statement to present your position on the topic.

2. Body Paragraphs (usually three or more)

• Start each paragraph with a clear and focused topic sentence that relates to your thesis statement.
• Furthermore, provide evidence and explain the facts, statistics, examples, expert opinions, and quotations from credible sources that supports your thesis.
• Use transition sentences to smoothly move from one point to the next.

3. Counterargument and Rebuttal

• Acknowledge opposing viewpoints or potential objections to your argument.
• Also, address these counterarguments with evidence and explain why they do not weaken your position.

4. Conclusion

• Restate your thesis statement and summarize the key points you’ve made in the body of the essay.
• Leave the reader with a final thought, call to action, or broader implication related to the topic.

5. Citations and References

• Properly cite all the sources you use in your essay using a consistent citation style.
• Also, include a bibliography or works cited at the end of your essay.

6. Formatting and Style

• Follow any specific formatting guidelines provided by your instructor or institution.
• Use a professional and academic tone in your writing and edit your essay to avoid content, spelling and grammar mistakes .

Remember that the specific requirements for formatting an argumentative essay may vary depending on your instructor’s guidelines or the citation style you’re using (e.g., APA, MLA, Chicago). Always check the assignment instructions or style guide for any additional requirements or variations in formatting.

Did you understand what Prof. Mitchell explained Alex? Check it now!

Fill the Details to Check Your Score

Prof. Mitchell continued, “An argumentative essay can adopt various approaches when dealing with opposing perspectives. It may offer a balanced presentation of both sides, providing equal weight to each, or it may advocate more strongly for one side while still acknowledging the existence of opposing views.” As Alex listened carefully to the Professor’s thoughts, his eyes fell on a page with examples of argumentative essay.

Example of an Argumentative Essay

Alex picked the book and read the example. It helped him to understand the concept. Furthermore, he could now connect better to the elements and steps of the essay which Prof. Mitchell had mentioned earlier. Aren’t you keen to know how an argumentative essay should be like? Here is an example of a well-crafted argumentative essay , which was read by Alex. After Alex finished reading the example, the professor turned the page and continued, “Check this page to know the importance of writing an argumentative essay in developing skills of an individual.”

Importance of an Argumentative Essay

After understanding the benefits, Alex was convinced by the ability of the argumentative essays in advocating one’s beliefs and favor the author’s position. Alex asked,

“How are argumentative essays different from the other types?”

Prof. Mitchell answered, “Argumentative essays differ from other types of essays primarily in their purpose, structure, and approach in presenting information. Unlike expository essays, argumentative essays persuade the reader to adopt a particular point of view or take a specific action on a controversial issue. Furthermore, they differ from descriptive essays by not focusing vividly on describing a topic. Also, they are less engaging through storytelling as compared to the narrative essays.

Alex said, “Given the direct and persuasive nature of argumentative essays, can you suggest some strategies to write an effective argumentative essay?

Turning the pages of the book, Prof. Mitchell replied, “Sure! You can check this infographic to get some tips for writing an argumentative essay.”

Effective Strategies to Write an Argumentative Essay

As days turned into weeks, Alex diligently worked on his essay. He researched, gathered evidence, and refined his thesis. It was a long and challenging journey, filled with countless drafts and revisions.

Finally, the day arrived when Alex submitted their essay. As he clicked the “Submit” button, a sense of accomplishment washed over him. He realized that the argumentative essay, while challenging, had improved his critical thinking and transformed him into a more confident writer. Furthermore, Alex received feedback from his professor, a mix of praise and constructive criticism. It was a humbling experience, a reminder that every journey has its obstacles and opportunities for growth.

Frequently Asked Questions

An argumentative essay can be written as follows- 1. Choose a Topic 2. Research and Collect Evidences 3. Develop a Clear Thesis Statement 4. Outline Your Essay- Introduction, Body Paragraphs and Conclusion 5. Revise and Edit 6. Format and Cite Sources 7. Final Review

One must choose a clear, concise and specific statement as a claim. It must be debatable and establish your position. Avoid using ambiguous or unclear while making a claim. To strengthen your claim, address potential counterarguments or opposing viewpoints. Additionally, use persuasive language and rhetoric to make your claim more compelling

Starting an argument essay effectively is crucial to engage your readers and establish the context for your argument. Here’s how you can start an argument essay are: 1. Begin With an Engaging Hook 2. Provide Background Information 3. Present Your Thesis Statement 4. Briefly Outline Your Main 5. Establish Your Credibility

The key features of an argumentative essay are: 1. Clear and Specific Thesis Statement 2. Credible Evidence 3. Counterarguments 4. Structured Body Paragraph 5. Logical Flow 6. Use of Persuasive Techniques 7. Formal Language

An argumentative essay typically consists of the following main parts or sections: 1. Introduction 2. Body Paragraphs 3. Counterargument and Rebuttal 4. Conclusion 5. References (if applicable)

The main purpose of an argumentative essay is to persuade the reader to accept or agree with a particular viewpoint or position on a controversial or debatable topic. In other words, the primary goal of an argumentative essay is to convince the audience that the author's argument or thesis statement is valid, logical, and well-supported by evidence and reasoning.

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The New York Times

The learning network | 301 prompts for argumentative writing.

301 Prompts for Argumentative Writing

Updated, March 2, 2017 | We published an updated version of this list, “401 Prompts for Argumentative Writing,” as well as a companion piece, “650 Prompts for Narrative and Personal Writing.”

Sign up for our free weekly newsletter and get five new Student Opinion questions delivered to you every week.

If anything ever published on The Learning Network could be said to have “gone viral,” it is last February’s “ 200 Prompts for Argumentative Writing ,” which we created to help teachers and students participate in our inaugural Student Editorial Contest .

We’ve now updated last year’s list with new questions and what we hope is more useful categorization.

So scroll through the 301 prompts below that touch on every aspect of contemporary life — from politics to sports, culture, education and technology — and see which ones most inspire you to take a stand. Each question comes from our daily Student Opinion feature, and each provides links to free Times resources for finding more information.

What issues do you care about most? Find something to write about here, or post a comment if you think we’ve missed a topic you would like to see us cover.

And if these 301 questions aren’t enough, the Room for Debate blog provides many, many more.

• Does Technology Make Us More Alone?

Are You Distracted by Technology?

• Do Apps Help You or Just Waste Your Time?
• Do You Spend Too Much Time on Smartphones Playing ‘Stupid Games’?
• Will Wearable Technology Ever Really Catch On?
• Are Digital Photographs Too Plentiful to Be Meaningful?
• Do You Worry We Are Filming Too Much?
• Would You Want a Pair of Google’s Computer Glasses?
• What Role Will Robots Play in Our Future?
• How Many Text Messages Are Too Many?

Internet and Social Media

• Has Facebook Lost Its Edge?
• Does Facebook Ever Make You Feel Bad?
• Would You Consider Deleting Your Facebook Account?
• Should What You Say on Facebook Be Grounds for Getting Fired?
• Should People Be Allowed to Obscure Their Identities Online?
• How Much Do You Trust Online Reviews?

Technology in Schools

• Are the Web Filters at Your School Too Restrictive?
• Do Your Teachers Use Technology Well?
• Should Tablet Computers Become the Primary Way Students Learn in Class?
• Can Cellphones Be Educational Tools?
• Should Computer Games Be Used for Classroom Instruction?
• Is Online Learning as Good as Face-to-Face Learning?
• How Would You Feel About a Computer Grading Your Essays?

ART, FILM, BOOKS, VIDEO GAMES AND OTHER MEDIA

Are Video Games a Sport?

A look at e-sports, the fast-growing, lucrative world of professional competitive video gaming.

Movies, TV and Theater

• Is TV Stronger Than Ever, or Becoming Obsolete?
• Do TV Shows Like ‘16 and Pregnant’ Promote or Discourage Teenage Pregnancy?
• Does Reality TV Promote Dangerous Stereotypes?
• Does TV Capture the Diversity of America Yet?
• Is TV Too White?
• Why Do We Like to Watch Rich People on TV and in the Movies?
• What Makes a Good TV Show Finale?
• What Makes a Good Commercial?
• Why Did a Cheerios Ad Attract So Many Angry Comments Online?
• What Were the Best Movies You Saw in the Past Year?
• Does Live Theater Offer Something You Just Can’t Get Watching Movies or TV?
• What Can You Predict About the Future of the Music Industry?
• What Current Musicians Do You Think Will Stand the Test of Time?
• What Artists or Bands of Today Are Destined for the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame?
• What Artists Do You Consider ‘Sellouts’?
• What Musician, Actor or Author Should Be a Superstar, but Hasn’t Quite Made It Yet?
• Who Does Hip-Hop Belong To?
• Will Musical Training Make You More Successful?

Video Games

• Should Video Games Be Considered a Sport?
• Should Stores Sell Violent Video Games to Minors?
• Do Violent Video Games Make People More Violent in Real Life?
• When Should You Feel Guilty for Killing Zombies?
• Can a Video Game Be a Work of Art?
• What Game Would You Like to Redesign?
• How Sexist Is the Gaming World?
• Would You Trade Your Paper Books for Digital Versions?
• Does Reading a Book Count More Than Listening to One?
• To What Writer Would You Award a Prize?
• Who Are the Characters That Authors Should Be Writing About?
• Do You Prefer Your Children’s Book Characters Obedient or Contrary?
• Can Graffiti Ever Be Considered Art?
• Do We Need Art in Our Lives?
• Does Pop Culture Deserve Serious Study?
• Where Is the Line Between Truth and Fiction?
• Should Society Support Artists and Others Pursuing Creative Works?

GENDER AND RELATIONSHIPS

Gender Issues

• Do Parents Have Different Hopes and Standards for Their Sons Than for Their Daughters?
• Is School Designed More for Girls Than Boys?
• Is There Too Much Pressure on Girls to Have ‘Perfect’ Bodies?
• How Much Pressure Do Boys Face to Have the Perfect Body?
• Do Photoshopped Images Make You Feel Bad About Your Own Looks?
• Doctored Photos: O.K. or Not?
• Is It O.K. for Men and Boys to Comment on Women and Girls on the Street?
• Do We Need New Ways to Identify Gender and Sexuality?
• What Should We Do to Fight Sexual Violence Against Young Women?
• How Do You Feel About Rihanna and Chris Brown Getting Back Together?
• Why Aren’t There More Girls in Leadership Roles?
• Why Aren’t More Girls Choosing to Pursue Careers in Math and Science?
• Should Women Be Allowed to Fight on the Front Lines Alongside Men?
• Do You Believe in Equal Rights for Women and Men?
• Are Women Better at Compromising and Collaborating?
• Do Boys Have Less Intense Friendships Than Girls?
• Can a Boy Wear a Skirt to School?
• Is It O.K. to Refuse to Serve Same-Sex Couples Based on Religious Beliefs?

Dating and Sex

• Should Birth Control Pills Be Available to Teenage Girls Without a Prescription?
• Should the Morning-After Pill Be Sold Over the Counter to People Under 17?
• How Should Children Be Taught About Puberty and Sex?
• Is Dating a Thing of the Past?
• Is Hookup Culture Leaving Your Generation Unhappy and Unprepared for Love?
• Should Couples Live Together Before Marriage?
• Could Following These Directions Make You Fall in Love With a Stranger?
• How Should Educators and Legislators Deal With Minors Who ‘Sext’?
• How Should Parents Address Internet Pornography?

SPORTS AND ATHLETICS

• If Football Is So Dangerous to Players, Should We Be Watching It?
• Should Parents Let Their Children Play Football?
• Should College Football Players Get Paid?
• Is It Offensive for Sports Teams to Use Native American Names and Mascots?

Sportsmanship

• Are Some Youth Sports Too Intense?
• Should There Be Stricter Rules About How Coaches Treat Their Players?
• Do Sports Teams Have a Responsibility to Hold Players to a Standard for Their Personal Conduct?
• Should Athletes Who Dope Have to Forfeit Their Titles and Medals?
• Do Fans Put Too Much Pressure on Their Favorite Professional Athletes?
• Does a Championship Game Always Need to Have a Winner (and a Loser)?
• Should Sports Betting Be Legal Everywhere?
• Should Colleges Fund Wellness Programs Instead of Sports?
• Where Should Colleges and Sports Teams Draw the Line in Selling Naming Rights?

Other Sports

• Has Baseball Lost Its Cool?
• Is Cheerleading a Sport?
• How Big a Deal Is It That an N.B.A. Player Came Out as Gay?
• Would You Want a Bike Share Program for Your Community?
• How Young Is Too Young to Climb Mount Everest?

POLITICS AND POLICY

• Do You Trust Your Government?
• If You Were Governor of Your State, How Would You Spend a Budget Surplus?
• What Local Problems Do You Think Your Mayor Should Try to Solve?
• Should Rich People Have to Pay More Taxes?
• What Is More Important: Our Privacy or National Security?
• California Notice

Leadership and Politics

• Do Leaders Have Moral Obligations?
• Do Great Leaders Have to Be Outgoing?
• Is It Principled, or Irresponsible, for Politicians to Threaten a Shutdown?

International Relations

• Should the U.S. Be Spying on Its Friends?
• When Is the Use of Military Force Justified?
• Should Countries Pay Ransoms to Free Hostages Held by Terrorists?

Police, Prisons and Justice System

• Should the United States Stop Using the Death Penalty?
• When Should Juvenile Offenders Receive Life Sentences?
• What Do You Think of the Police Tactic of Stop-and-Frisk?
• Do Rich People Get Off Easier When They Break the Law?
• Should All Police Officers Wear Body Cameras?
• Will What Happened in Ferguson Change Anything?
• Should Felons Be Allowed to Vote After They Have Served Their Time?
• How Should We Prevent Future Mass Shootings?
• Would You Feel Safer With Armed Guards Patrolling Your School?
• What Is Your Relationship With Guns?
• Where Do You Stand on Unconcealed Handguns?
• Should Guns Be Permitted on College Campuses?
• Did a Newspaper Act Irresponsibly by Publishing the Addresses of Gun Owners?

Immigration

• Should Millions of Undocumented Immigrants Be Allowed to Live in the U.S. Without Fear of Getting Deported?
• Are Children of Illegal Immigrants Entitled to a Public Education?

PARENTS AND FAMILIES

Parenting and Childhood

• How Much Freedom Should Parents Give Their Children?
• How Should Parents Discipline Their Kids?
• When Does Discipline Become Child Abuse?
• Do ‘Shame and Blame’ Work to Change Teenage Behavior?
• Do We Give Children Too Many Trophies?
• Are Adults Hurting Young Children by Pushing Them to Achieve?
• Is Modern Culture Ruining Childhood?
• How, and by Whom, Should Children Be Taught Appropriate Behavior?
• Are ‘Dark’ Movies O.K. for Kids?
• Should Halloween Costumes Portray Only ‘Positive Images’?
• Are Parents Violating Their Children’s Privacy When They Share Photos and Videos of Them Online?
• Should Children Be Allowed to Compete on TV?
• How Young Is Too Young for an iPhone?
• Should Parents Limit How Much Time Children Spend on Tech Devices?

Parents and School

• How Should Parents Handle a Bad Report Card?
• How Important Are Parent-Teacher Conferences?
• Who Should Be Able to See Students’ Records?
• Would You Want to Be Home-Schooled?
• Should All Children Be Able to Go to Preschool?

House and Home

• How Important Is Keeping a Clean House?
• Does Keeping a Messy Desk Make People More Creative?

Millennial Generation

• What Can Older People Learn From Your Generation?
• Does Your Generation Have Too Much Self-Esteem?
• Is Your Generation Really ‘Postracial’?

Becoming an Adult

• When Do You Become an Adult?
• When Should You Be Able to Buy Cigarettes, Drink Alcohol, Vote, Drive and Fight in Wars?
• When You Are Old Enough to Vote, Will You?

CHARACTER AND MORALITY

Personal Character

• Can Money Buy You Happiness?
• Does Buying and Accumulating More and More Stuff Make Us Happier?
• Are We Losing the Art of Listening?
• Do People Complain Too Much?
• Which Is More Important: Talent or Hard Work?
• How Important Is Keeping Your Cool?
• When Should You Compromise?
• Is Your Generation More Self-Centered Than Earlier Generations?

Religion and Spirituality

• Do You Believe That Everything Happens for a Reason?
• How Much Control Do You Think You Have Over Your Fate?
• Can You Be Good Without God?
• How Important Do You Think It Is to Marry Someone With the Same Religion?

Morality and Personal Responsibility

• Does Suffering Make Us Stronger and Lead to Success?
• Do Bystanders Have a Responsibility to Intervene When There is Trouble?
• When Is Looting Morally O.K.?
• Can Kindness Become Cool?

Language and Standards

• Have Curse Words Become So Common They Have Lost Their Shock Value?
• What Words or Phrases Do You Think Are Overused?
• What Words or Phrases Should Be Retired?
• Do Laws That Ban Offensive Words Make the World a Better Place?
• Should Newspapers Reprint Cartoons of the Prophet Muhammad That Some Deem Offensive?
• Is It Wrong for a Newspaper to Publish a Front-Page Photo of a Man About to Die?

Teaching and Learning

• Do Teachers Assign Too Much Homework?
• Does Your Homework Help You Learn?
• What Are You Really Learning at School?
• Does Class Size Matter?
• Do We Need a New Way to Teach Math?
• Does Gym Help Students Perform Better in All Their Classes?
• Should Reading and Math Be Taught in Gym Class Too?
• What Are the Best Ways to Learn About History?
• What Is the Right Amount of Group Work in School?
• What Do You Think of Grouping Students by Ability in Schools?
• How Important Is Arts Education?
• Do Schools Provide Students With Enough Opportunities to Be Creative?
• Does the Way Your Classroom Is Decorated Affect Your Learning?

Discipline and School Rules

• What Are the Best Teaching Methods for Getting Students to Behave Well in Class?
• How Does Your School Deal With Students Who Misbehave?
• Should Schools Be Allowed to Use Corporal Punishment?
• Is Cheating Getting Worse?
• Should Schools Put Tracking Devices in Students’ ID Cards?
• Should Middle School Students Be Drug Tested?
• Should Students Be Barred From Taking Cellphones to School?
• How Big a Problem Is Bullying or Cyberbullying in Your School or Community?
• How Should Schools Address Bullying?
• How Should Schools Address Cyberbullying?
• What Should the Punishment Be for Acts of Cyberbullying?
• When Do Pranks Cross the Line to Become Bullying?
• How Should Schools Respond to Hazing Incidents?

Time in School

Should the School Day Start Later?

• Is Your School Day Too Short?
• Do You Think a Longer School Calendar Is a Good Idea?
• Should the Dropout Age Be Raised?
• Should We Rethink How Long Students Spend in High School?
• Should Students Be Allowed to Skip Senior Year of High School?
• Should Kids Head to College Early?
• Class Time + Substitute = Waste?
• Do Kids Need Recess?
• Should Students Be Able to Grade Their Teachers?
• Does Your School Hand Out Too Many A’s?
• Do Girls Get Better Grades Than Boys in Your School?
• Does Separating Boys and Girls Help Students Perform Better in School?
• Why Do Boys Lag Behind Girls in Reading?
• Should Discomfort Excuse Students From Having to Complete an Assignment?

Standardized Tests

• How Well Do You Think Standardized Tests Measure Your Abilities?
• How Seriously Should We Take Standardized Tests?
• Do You Spend Too Much Time Preparing for Standardized Tests?
• Should Schools Offer Cash Bonuses for Good Test Scores?

School Life

Would You Rather Attend a Public or a Private High School?

• How Much Does It Matter to You Which High School You Attend?
• Are Small Schools More Effective Than Large Schools?
• Should Home-Schoolers Be Allowed to Play Public School Sports?
• Should All Students Get Equal Space in a Yearbook?
• Should School Newspapers Be Subject to Prior Review?
• Is Prom Worth It?
• Is Prom Just an Excuse to Drink?

COLLEGE AND CAREER

• How Necessary Is a College Education?
• Is College Overrated?
• Should a College Education be Free?
• What Is the Perfect Number of College Applications to Send?
• Should Colleges Find a Better Way to Admit Students?
• Should Colleges Use Admissions Criteria Other Than SAT Scores and Grades?
• Do You Support Affirmative Action in College Admissions?
• Does It Matter Where You Go to College?
• Do College Rankings Matter?
• What Criteria Should Be Used in Awarding Scholarships for College?
• Should Engineers Pay Less for College Than English Majors?
• Do Fraternities Promote Misogyny?
• Should Colleges Ban Fraternities?

Jobs and Careers

• Would You Quit if Your Values Did Not Match Your Employer’s?
• Should Employers Be Able to Review Job Applicants’ SAT Scores?
• Do You Worry Colleges or Employers Might Read Your Social Media Posts Someday?
• Would You Rather Work From Home or in an Office?
• Is ‘Doing Nothing’ a Good Use of Your Time?

HEALTH AND NUTRITION

Drugs, Cigarettes and Alcohol

• Is Smoking Still a Problem Among Teenagers?
• Are Antismoking Ads Effective?
• Is Drinking and Driving Still a Problem for Teenagers?
• Should Marijuana Be Legal?
• Should Students Be Required to Take Drug Tests?
• Why Is Binge Drinking So Common Among Young People in the United States?

Nutrition and Food

• Do You Think a Healthier School Lunch Program Is a Lost Cause?
• Should French Fries and Pizza Sauce Count as Vegetables?
• How Concerned Are You About Where Your Food Comes From?
• Is It Ethical to Eat Meat?
• Is Breakfast Really the Most Important Meal of the Day?
• Do You Prefer Your Tacos ‘Authentic’ or ‘Appropriated’?
• Should Sugary Drinks Be Taxed?
• Should the Government Limit the Size of Sugary Drinks?

Health Issues

• How Should Schools Handle Unvaccinated Students?
• Should Physician-Assisted Suicide Be Legal in Every State?
• Should Texting While Driving Be Illegal in Every State?
• Should Terminally Ill Patients Be Allowed to Die on Their Own Terms?

Appearance and Fashion

• Should Children Be Allowed to Wear Whatever They Want?
• What Are Your Opinions on Cosmetic Surgery?
• Do ‘Saggy Pants’ Mean Disrespect?
• Should You Care About the Health and Safety of Those Making Your Clothing?

SCIENCE TOPICS

Science and the Environment

• How Concerned Are You About Climate Change?
• How Should Nations and Individuals Address Climate Change?
• Should Developers Be Allowed to Build in and Near the Grand Canyon?
• Should Scientists Try to Help People Beat Old Age So We Can Live Longer Lives?
• Given Unlimited Resources, What Scientific or Medical Problem Would You Investigate?
• When Is It O.K. to Replace Human Limbs With Technology?
• Should Fertilized Eggs Be Given Legal ‘Personhood’?

Outer Space

• Do You Think Life Exists — or Has Ever Existed — Somewhere Besides Earth?
• Do You Believe in Intelligent Alien Life?
• Will Humans Live on Mars Someday?
• Would You Want to Be a Space Tourist?
• Should Certain Animals Have Some of the Same Legal Rights As People?
• Is It Unethical for a Zoo to Kill a Healthy Giraffe?
• Should You Go to Jail for Kicking a Cat?
• Should You Feel Guilty About Killing Spiders, Ants or Other Bugs?
• How Do You Think Dinosaurs Went Extinct?

MISCELLANEOUS

Rich and Famous

• Should the Private Lives of Famous People Be Off Limits?
• Do You Think Child Stars Have It Rough?

American Dream

• Should the United States Care That It’s Not No. 1?
• Is It Possible to Start Out Poor in This Country, Work Hard and Become Well-Off?
• Do Poor People ‘Have It Easy’?
• How Much Does Your Neighborhood Define Who You Are?

Charity and Philanthropy

• Should Charities Focus More on America?
• What Causes Should Philanthropic Groups Finance?
• Is Teenage ‘Voluntourism’ Wrong?
• Do You Shop at Locally Owned Businesses?
• Is Amazon Becoming Too Powerful?
• Should Companies Collect Information About You?
• What Time Should Black Friday Sales Start?
• How Long Is It O.K. to Linger in a Cafe or Restaurant?

Comments are no longer being accepted.

This is an awesome list! Is there a way to print it as a PDF like some of the other lists you have posted?

Liza B, Thank you for your comment. We can try to get a PDF of the list on the website next week some time. So stop by again by the end of the week. – Michael

The ‘argumentative’ writing prompts are so on point! Unreal! I am going to present them to the members of my future workshops for especially women and girls. Please do share a PDF list — that would be so helpful.

Thank you. We will try to publish a PDF by the end of next week. Please stay tuned. – Michael

Hi! I was wondering, is it too late to update the list? I think a good topic would be environmental problems. For example, global warming, or tourism on the Galapagos islands.

Hi Sidney — The list is of questions we’ve already asked, so we can’t add more now, but we’ll keep the tourism question in mind (and for our contest, you’re welcome to write about whatever you like!). We’ve asked about global warming many times, however — for instance: How Concerned Are You About Climate Change? and How Should Nations and Individuals Address Climate Change? — Katherine

I would like to see information on Euthanasia.

Great list. But you really should use the term “global warming” rather than “climate change,” which was dreamed up by a PR guy for the oil companies because it sounded more neutral.

You should get some about girls ice hockey.

The evolution of the of our society has resulted in the immense amount of opportunities being made especially in school attendance. New York Times’ article, Affluent, Born Abroad and Choosing New York’s Public Schools by Kirk Semple and the passage Benefits of Private Education presented by the Council of Private Education discuss opposing sides on private verse public school benefits for a student in their school years. Public schools today presents a more favorable academic career in comparison to what private schools offer a student. Public schools have developed into a chance for a steady and high education with a more realistic approach on the process of their schooling. An education, although revolved around academics, can also have an actuality and real life sense playing a key role in decision making; for many parents have chosen public schools over private schools because of its authentic fortuity. For instance, in Semple’s article an instance described by conclusive mother, Miriam Rengier explained the cafeteria of the private school they were viewing. With the option of seven different meals for lunch, some being as decorative as sushi, gives an availability to a learning child that is not accessible in real life deterring her away from it’s education. The accessibility private schools offer to convey themselves as superior gives its students an unrealistic sense of what life offers evidently not preparing them for what comes in their lives. Additionally, amplifying the realistic approach public schools offer, the diversity is a favorable quality. In the article, Lynn Bollen states, “When they go to public school, they’re in a whole new world, a whole world of different people and different values, which is what the world is like.” By placing a growing person in a scenario in which brings challenges or change with mixture it is expected that they will learn to adapt and grow to diversity, just like needed in real life. According to other belief’s, private schools are beneficial because of their higher academics offered. Essentially, the passage states that their surpassing scores on standardized test and more challenging graduation requirements lead to a excelling and successful student for the future. However, the future of a student is not specifically dictated by grades and test scores, which is a main quality that private schools take pride in. Academic careers are a time for children to flourish into young adults ready to combat real life, and public schools offer the setting of just that. That is the reason for the exponentially increasing amount of parents choosing public schools, proven by the evidence given by Semple, “73 percent of native-born couples and 76 percent of foreign-born couples send their children only to public school.”

Work Cited- “CAPE | Council for American Private Education.” CAPE. Council for American Education, n.d. Web. 27 Feb. 2015. < //www.capenet.org/benefits.html>.

Semple, Kirk. “Affluent, Born Abroad and Choosing New York?s Public Schools.” The New York Times. The New York Times, 14 Feb. 2012. Web. 02 Mar. 2015. < //www.nytimes.com/2012/02/15/nyregion/foreign-parents-in-new-york-prefer-public-schools.html>.

Does Technology Make Us More Alone? Many people agree that technology has made long distance communication easier for society. In the passage “Disruptions: More Connected, Yet More Alone?” by Nick Bilton and in the passage “Does Social Media Cause a More Isolated Society” by Yukio Strachan discusses the effects of technology on our social lives. Technology is separating us from each other rather than connecting us through social media. Technology has taken a turn in our social lives, creating separation between face to face communications. In the passage by Nick Bilton, he talks about a YouTube video the he had encounter called “I Forgot My Phone” and it describes the negative effects of technology on our lives. In the passage by Nick Bilton it states that an actor in the film, Ms. deGuzman, goes through a day of people ignoring her due to the distraction of them being on their phones during lunch, at a concert, while bowling and at a birthday party. This demonstrates how people are more into their phones than they are to actual stepping back from the technology and watching reality go bye. In the passage by Yukio Strachan, it talks about Sherry Tukle’s perception on our social networks. In the passage by Yukio Strachan it states that parents text and email at breakfast and at dinner while their children complain about not having their parents’ full attention. This means that technology is taking away a person attention to something of greater importance than their text messages and emails. I have noticed that while I’m with a group of my friends, everyone would have their attention towards their phone screens instead of to the people around them. This is a perfect example of how technology is making us more alone. Another example is when I was at the movies with my friends and they were all on their phones while the movie was playing. Technology is taking away our ability to be social with the people around us and it’s taking our attentions away from the present moments in life that shouldn’t be interrupted by technology. On the other hand, technology still gives people the ability to communicate with someone who is far away. Technology has come a long way. The new advancements in technology now allow people to talk to each other face to face on front facing camera phones. Now phones allow us to text, take pictures, and go on social media networks and more. Even though technology has made long distance communication easier, this advancement is still separating us from the reality of face to face communication with our peers. //bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/09/01/disruptions-more-connected-yet-more-alone/?_r=0

Sex and puberty are among topics that are often swept under the rug until it starts to be questioned. Today, how kids or teens learn about body changes or sex is what they see or hear from friends, technology, and even music. While some of this information can be reliable, it can also set false or unrealistic ideas of the subject. At a time where technology is ruling the world, kids and teens shouldn’t have to rely on it as much for information that they can get from their parents. Questions such as “How does it happen?” or “What should I do?” should be answered by their parents or even by a school program. If parents or the school address the subject earlier rather than later, it can help educate the child about what will happen when puberty hits, or even when they are questioning sex. Often more than not, I hear people cross the topic as “it” when referring to sex and even whispering the word as if it was some unlawful or secretive act. Sex shouldn’t be a hush-hush matter as it can often lead to consequences if one isn’t sure of it. When puberty hits, there are many changes happening on the inside and outside of the body. As this happens, teens are usually made fun of for those occurrences. Therefore schools and parents must take the responsibility to teach their children that it’s nothing to make fun or to be afraid of, that it is all perfectly normal. Books such as “The Care and Keeping of You: The Body Book for Girls” can help inform girls going through changes of what is happening. KJ Dell ’Antonia, explained that instead of handing the body informational books over to her kids and leaving them to it, she would instead “…sit down and turn some pages together, and maybe that’s the best thing to do with my younger son as well.” The Complete Guide to Baby and Child Care, exclaims that by “Giving a child facts about reproduction, including details about intercourse, does not rob him of innocence.” This is one reason why most parents are afraid to start a conversation about these areas, although they shouldn’t be because it’s only the body’s natural functioning.

While parents and schools shouldn’t dump all this information at once on to a child, they should ease into it and just make sure their child is getting all the right information they need, and to not be afraid of what comes with it. By interacting with the child about sex and puberty, their questions can be answered and they can feel more rested about the subject. Learning these things from my parents and from my school helped me feel more comfortable and confident about talking about this with anyone.

Works cited: Gonchar, Michael. “How Should Children Be Taught About Puberty and Sex?” The Learning Network How Should Children Be Taught About Puberty and Sex Comments. 27 Feb. 2013. Web. 3 Mar. 2015. < //learning.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/02/27/how-should-children-be-taught-about-puberty-and-sex/comment-page-2/>.

“Talking About Sex and Puberty.” Focus on the Family. Web. 3 Mar. 2015. < //www.focusonthefamily.com/parenting/schoolage-children/talking-about-sex-and-puberty/talking-about-sex-and-puberty>.

Plastic surgery has become fairly commonplace within today’s society. Men and women see procedures as easy fixes to curing whatever part of their bodies they seem to find unsatisfying. The plastic surgery work field is growing tremendously because more and more people are becoming comfortable with the fact that money can buy the physical appearance that they want. What seems to be the problem is the fact that people who get altering procedures done, especially when their reasoning is solely based on a negative personal body image, usually are not satisfied for long with the procedure they have done. This in turn, motivates more procedures to be performed. Plastic surgery that is not brought on because of a medical reason, is usually the misled solution for those who suffer from a distorted mental image of their bodies, and therefore try to “fix” things about themselves that there is nothing wrong with. While there are justified reasons for having cosmetic surgeries performed, the sad reality is that more often than not the surgeries are performed with skewed intentions.

The New York Times article What Are Your Opinions on Cosmetic Surgery? by Katherine Schulten explores the views of various writers who answer the question of aging. One writer Cindy Jackson says that “Plastic surgery is simply a symptom. Ageism in our country, specifically against women, has gone too far.” While both men and women abuse their ability to have a cosmetic procedure done for any reason, women seem to be more commonly observed doing so. In reality, society owes a lot of credit for the value that women place on themselves to celebrities and how the media portrays them. In Mark Shallenberger’s article “The Psychology of Cosmetic Surgery” he speaks of how public figures that are scrutinized at a higher magnitude such as actors, models, and on air spokes people are more likely to get procedures done in order to increase their chances of getting hired in certain fields if they have a more youthful appearance. What ends up happening is that the women in society see the cosmetic altered and airbrushed models and stars and aspire to look like them. This is usually the beginning of the downward spiral that is plastic surgery. Under some circumstances, cosmetic surgery is justified and well needed for different purposes. A prime example of such a circumstance would be a woman who had to have a double mastectomy. In order to bring normalcy back into her life, an appropriate size breast implant would be helpful. This kind of cosmetic procedure is called reconstructive surgery. It is used to improve the function of body parts, or to attempt to approximate a normal appearance. In some parts of the world, cosmetic surgery is termed as elective surgery or nonessential surgery, while the term plastic surgery is used to mean surgery used to reconstruct or improve appearance after injury or illness. Unless there is a viable reason for the procedure, cosmetic surgery is not needed and essentially harmful to the human body. In this instance, the question of what a “viable reason” is might come up. A sustainable reasoning for getting procedures done would be in order to revert to normality after an illness has caused undesirable physical appearance , to fix injuries, or to make a body part function with more ease.

Dawson Stage P.#4

Many people are pushed towards getting a good education because they think that it will help them in life. Grade school is pretty much a necessity for getting anywhere in life, but what if you want to go further? An education is one thing, but a college education can help you go that extra distance that you need and the articles “How necessary is a College Education” from the New York Times and “How Important is a College Education” from Education Portal will show you that. A college education is becoming more of a necessity in today’s world than it was several years ago. Unemployment rate are high and millions of people are fighting to try and get regular jobs. What separate a college graduate from a regular person in the workforce? The answer is the extra experience and knowledge that college graduates have. Getting a job is much easier with a college degree than it is with a high school diploma. “College graduates have an unemployment rate half that of people with only high school degrees,” (NYT Article). That extra four years in college makes your life much easier and much better in the long run. A college education is becoming more of a necessity each year and has many perks, but it also has its downsides. Going to college takes away years of your life that you could spend in the workforce making money. College is also expensive and with today’s economy people are stuck paying their student loans debt back for years. Instead of spending tens of thousands of dollars to get a college degree people can join the workforce with a high school diploma and start making money while college students are entering debt. The extra money that college students make versus a regular working person is probably evened out when they have to pay back their student loans. College students also do not just gain a higher education than high school graduates, they also develop better life skills. “During their classes, college students often develop the reasoning skills needed to make life decisions, ranging from buying a house to helping their children choose their own college” (Education-Portal). “In fact, college graduates are more likely to have children who also complete a college education” (Education-Portal). All in all, a college education is becoming more and more of a necessity in everyday life and having that college education can allow people to have a better life with less things to worry about. Having a college educations makes life easier and makes life something that you can enjoy. In today’s world, a college education is the icing on the cake.

Works Cited “How Important Is a College Education?” Education Portal, n.d. Web. 03 Mar. 2015. B, Frank. “How Necessary Is a College Education?” The Learning Network How Necessary Is a College Education Comments. The New York Times, 30 Apr. 2012. Web. 03 Mar. 2015.

Please post more prompts! Am writing for school and cant find a good one for me!

Although none of us want to admit to it, we are all distracted by technology. There are many places where we are susceptible to the distraction of technology. The most popular being at school and in the car. However, the effect of these distractions most significantly affect our relationships and productiveness.

“With the red thumb no-texting campaign sponsored by Nissan, many of us are putting our cell phones in our glove box or our trunk as we drive” (Graham). We all know better than to text or talk while driving because not eliminating this distraction could potentially lead to a life-or-death situation. According to The Daily Mail, “cell phone use while driving is a contributing factor to more than one-in-four car accidents across the country” (Gorman). This is only one example of how technology distracts us.

The Common Sense project surveyed 685 teachers on how technology affects students (Richtel). About 60 percent said technology impeded students’ ability to communicate face to face, and almost half said it hurt their ability to do homework. As a junior in high-school I have first-hand experience of how technology affects my school work. I’ve found that technology is both a gift and curse. Because of technology, it is not a lot easier for me to complete and turn in homework online as well as contact my teachers. However, before my school restricted the use of “Airdrop” on our school-issued iPads, I was constantly receiving notes and pictures from my peers during class.

Two weeks ago my parents took away my cell phone because they believed it was a distraction that hindered both my productiveness and my relationships. At first I strongly believed that because of how the world is today, not being able to access the internet at my convenience would serve as a severe disability. My parents then challenged my to go one whole week without using technology for reasons other than educational. As a result, my grades significantly increased and I noticed I was able to be more productive in getting my work done. Also, I noticed a change in my relationship with my friends and family. I was forced to communicate face-to-face with them and valued the time I had to talk with them more than when I could just text them instead. Now I almost don’t want to ask for my phone back!

I encourage everyone to think about how different their lives would be if they didn’t have technology. If you think, “I cannot live without my iPhone”, you may be in need of a priority change. This world has so much more to offer than what you can see on a screen.

Gorman, Ryan. “One in Four Car Accidents Caused by Cell Phone Use While Driving… but Only Five per Cent Blamed on Texting.” Mail Online. The Daily Mail, 27 Mar. 2014. Web. 07 Mar. 2015.

Graham, Stedman. “Relationships Matter: The Importance of Social Intelligence.”Technology Distractions. The Huffington Post, 26 Dec. 2014. Web. 7 Mar. 2015. .

Richtel, Matt. “Technology Changing How Students Learn, Teachers Say.” The New York Times. The New York Times, 31 Oct. 2012. Web. 07 Mar. 2015. < //www.nytimes.com/2012/11/01/education/technology-is-changing-how-students-learn-teachers-say.html>.

Art, Impacting our World “Art is the desire of a man to express himself, to record the reactions of his personality to the world he lives in,” said by Amy Lowell; a nineteenth century poet. Art is all around us, and impacts every aspect of who we are. Art is anything from Eminem, to Beethoven, the Mona Lisa, to graffiti. Art has been a part of mankind before we could even speak; charcoal paintings in cave walls and design covered pottery have shown us this. Art is a critical part of humanity. Artists Jeroen Koolhaas and Dre Urhahn tell us an amazing story of Vila Cruzeiro in Rio, a community of violence and poverty. Koolhaas and Urbahn got the idea to transform Vila Cruzeiro into a great big piece of art. They re-painted buildings, and turned a concrete path for mudslides into a detailed painting of carp jumping in a river. People heard about the transformation and impact art made on this community. From “North Philly, which is one of the poorest neighborhoods in the United States,” a request was sent asking if they could repaint their community like they had done in Rio. Community volunteers, “were trained as painters, and together they transformed their own neighborhood” “into a giant patchwork of color.” Through community involvement of transforming their neighborhood through art, it not only created unity for the project, it painted a bridge of understanding and cooperation that still exists today. The art project brought the community closer together than ever imagined. “Life without the collective resources of our libraries, museums, theaters and galleries, or without the personal expression of literature, music and art, would be static and sterile- no creative arguments about the past, no diverse and stimulating present, and no dreams of the future,” from The Value of Arts and Culture to People and Society, by the England Arts council. If we didn’t have art in our lives, then we wouldn’t have lives. Art is a crucial part of humanity that has led the human race through inspiration and has posed as a stress relief for many. Art surrounds us and makes us who we are, giving us a way to express ourselves. Every single person is involved in art whether they recognize or acknowledge it. Another example of art impacting lives is Bittersweet farms, an assisted living facility for autistic adults. Upset patients get sent to professional artist Valerie French. She works with patients to express themselves through art. They are given a voice through art and are provided a way to relieve stress in a healthy way. Art is everywhere, and without it, we would not be nearly as advanced nor humane as we are.

Koolhass, Jeroen and Urhahn, Dre. “How Painting Can Transform Communities.” TED. Oct. 2014. Lecture England Arts Council. “The Values of Arts and Culture to People and Society.” Valerie French

The Scripture to Love “Would you like to go to church with us today honey?” This is the persistent question my mom asks my dad on Sunday mornings before loading up into the Chevy, spouseless. But, no matter how much she asks she always gets the same response: “No.” I could tell you she is used to it by now, but I know it still hurts to have her husband not believe in the one thing she devotes her whole life to-God-if it didn’t she wouldn’t squirm or get emotional whenever our pastor talks about how “It is important to have your spouse in your walk with god.” Of course, I think it is extremely important for couples to have the same religion but, at the same time we can’t always help that we fall in love with the Christian, or a Muslim, or even the bad boy that believes “God is bull crap.” Naomi Schaffer Riley states many interfaith couples may be “Unaware or unwilling to acknowledge that religion can be a serious dividing in a marriage.” She may be right. Religion is all around us it’s a part of our daily lives but that doesn’t mean everyone has to believe in the same god, or the same entity, or a higher power, or anything at all for that matter. After all, people tell you all the time that love is blind when it comes to height, race, color, and weight but have we ever considered that love is blind to religion? Maria Peyer, the wife in an interfaith relationship even says that she “can love you and think you’re wrong” just like how her husband Mike Bixby can love her and think she is wrong. Or even Erika Seamon, a woman who studies and teaches religion and interfaith relationships at Georgetown University, who says “couples find common ground on love, ethics, and even spirituality while maintaining very different religious identities.” Interfaith marriage is defined as the occurring between persons of a different religion. This type of marriage is up to a whopping 42 percent. My mom has made it clear to me that my father has never judged her being a Christian and that she has never judged him for being an atheist. But, that will not stop her from being an example of Christ in his life. In interfaith relationships there can be big obstacles to jump over, but not impossible ones. We need to be informed that even though a “Rocky road may lie ahead” we can always remember that “Love conquers all.”   Works cited Chideya, Farai. “Finding Love of a Different Faith.” Interview. Audio blog post. Npr.org. N.p., 30 July 2007. Web. 25 Feb. 2015. < //www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=12348757>. Fish, Stanley. “Marrying Out of the Faith.” New York Times 1 Apr. 2013: n. pag. Web. 25 Feb. 2015. “”Making Marrriage Work When Only One Spouse Believes in God”” Interview by Deena Prichep. Audio blog post. Npr.org. N.p., 17 Jan. 2013. Web. 25 Feb. 2015. < //www.npr.org/2013/01/17/168954402/making-marriage-work-when-only-one-spouse-believes-in-god>.

THE ART OF TRYING Why Critically Acclaimed Video Games have always been Art

By: Emma Rogers

Games are just a form of interactive art. Video games that appeal to all who play them usually have an amazing music score, fantastic and creative visuals, as well as an emotionally resonant story. A great example of a phenomenal game is Ōkami. Originally released in 2006 for SONY’s PlayStation 2, and published by Capcom, IGN gave it a score of 9.1/10, and Metacritic a 4.5/5 for the re-released version on the Nintendo Wii (2008). In 2007, it was nominated and later won BAFTA’s (The British Academy of Film and Television Arts) Academy Video Game Award for best artistic achievement, as well as their award for best original score (also in the gaming category).

What makes up a great game is exactly what makes up a great anything—only there is more of it, because a great game has to be great in all aspects. Roger Ebert, a famous film critic, claims “no one in or out of the field has ever been able to cite a game worthy of comparison with the great dramatists, poets, filmmakers, novelists and composers.” Ebert has never played a video game, and never will. And you can tell.

Having played Ōkami myself, I can attest to its visual beauty, in the form of a gorgeous art style, laden with thick, inky-black brush strokes as outlines. The characters move with natural fluidity, and the atmosphere—with music and art style combined—is magical. By the end of my near 50-hour endeavor, I was sad to see the adventure come to a close. But isn’t that the same feeling you get from a good film, or book? No matter how long you have spent with those beloved characters, there is still a craving for more to chow on. The fact that this game can invoke such emotion in me that I let a few tears drop over a digital wolf (did I forget to mention that the main protagonist is not only a glorified mutt, but a sun goddess?) is simply astounding. Tom Bissel, a journalist, critic, and writer, even wrote a book on games being art, titled Why Video Games Matter. He claims that video games are “ambitious works of narrative fiction,” and can be compared with even the most engaging of books. Perhaps gaming was simply ahead of Ebert’s time, but in the end, it wouldn’t have hurt to dip a toe into the vast ocean of wonderful experiences you can find in the ever-changing market of gaming. Perhaps mindless shooters will always dominate, but hidden gems will always surface every once in a while—just to keep it fresh.

Works Cited:

Ebert, Roger. “Video Games Can Never Be Art.” Rogerebert. Roger Ebert, 16 Apr. 2010. Web.

Staff. “2007 UK BAFTA Game Award Winners Led By Nintendo.” Gamustra. UBM Tech, 24 Oct. 2007. Web

Schulten, Katherine. “Can a Video Game Be a Work of Art?” Learning.blogs.nytimes. The Learning Network/The New York Times, 25 June 2010. Web

Should schools offer cash bonuses for good test scores?

Would you study more for a good test score and a cash bonus? Those who score a high test score would get rewarded with a hundred dollar bonus, and the teacher would get a raise on his/her salary. For instance, Mr. Nystrom from South High had 43 of his students pass the exam this year, far above his target, he will add a $7,300 check to his $72,000 salary. This financial incentives is “making it cool for boys with low-slung jeans who idolize rappers like Lil Wayne to take the hardest classes.” If students knew that they were getting a cash bonus for a good test score, then they would obviously study more and try in their classes so they can get a good score on their next test, and their teachers would also want their students to do really good because they are also getting paid for their students good test score. A cash bonus can really help students get a higher test scores and let them attempts to take harder classes, and help teachers get more students in their classes, classes that are out of students comfort zone. At UChicago-led, students gained a 10 percentile increase in their score with incentives. this piece of evidence supports my claim because it shows students get better grades and scores with incentives. Another piece of evidence is from the NY-times, a teacher at South High, Mr. Nystrom teaches A.P. statistics to eight times as many students as he used to teach. in other words, this shows that if there is money involved students become more interested in school. Even though financial incentives sound great there could be some reasons why schools shouldn’t use them. The teachers might be able to receive the money from the school, but maybe not the students. In a New York City’s spark program, now going into their second year they reward fourth-graders and seventh-graders for high achievement. A fourth grader can earn up to $250 a year and a seventh grader up to $500. Therefore, that shows thats students are allowed to receive money from the schools. How is the school going to provide all the money they promised? Well, the school can host fundraisers for the money, and the schools can’t afford to give the students incentives to work harder, than they can reward what ever sound suitable for them. I realized that, it is a lot of money but its for students who need a push in their education. This idea also helps the students who are struggling in school to want to try harder, it would be like giving an extra push. At lake Hamilton High, Mr. Leonardo had a “quintessential average rural students: always wearing camo clothing.” That same kid took A.P. Statistics, Mr. Leonardo worked with him and he ended up passing his exam. Surely, This explains that anyone with a little push can succeed. Further more, South High had a reputation with two students which led to murder. The school holds underachieve students, but in 2009, 46 students enrolled in a class that would help them achieve greatness, and out if those 46 students 22 earned qualifying scores on exams in may 2010. Knowing the reputation of the school and their students, and hearing that out of those 46 students, 22 passes exams surprised me in a good way. I can not argue, thats cash incentives help students tremendously. Therefore, with incentives students thats are not doing so well in school are going to want to study harder and pay attention in their class, which later would benefit themselves. Dillon, Sam. “Incentives for Advanced Work Let Pupils and Teachers Cash In.” The New York Times. The New York Times, 02 Oct. 2011. Web. 06 Mar. 2015. Medina, Jennifer. “Next Question: Can Students Be Paid to Excel?” The New York Times. The New York Times, 04 Mar. 2008. Web. 08 Mar. 2015. “Student Performance Improves When Teachers given Incentives Upfront.” Student Performance Improves When Teachers given Incentives Upfront. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Mar. 2015. “Cash for Good Grades? Some Schools Give It a Try.” GreatSchools. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Mar. 2015.

Why Disney Princesses are Evolving

2013 was the year that Disney released its most popular blockbuster yet. Similar to many other thirteen year old girls at the time, Frozen earned a spot on my favorite movies of all time, for one reason that stood out above the others. It wasn’t the movie’s comic relief in the form of a talking snowman. It also wasn’t the catchy songs, although “Let it Go” will certainly be stuck in our heads as long as we live. Ultimately, Frozen incorporated an independent female character that’s just not available in male dominated films. Surprisingly, I didn’t see independence in the main character at all, but in her sister, Elsa. According to a study by San Diego State University, only thirteen percent of 2013’s top 100 films featured an equal number of male and female characters. In a world I previously believed to be sexism-free, a statistic like this confuses me. Why, in a world half occupied by women, are men dominating by eighty-seven percent in the film business? Perhaps it’s the lack of awareness in females. There is the idea that “women will go see films for men, but men will not see films for women”. This unfortunately seems to ring true, once you look at movies like Indiana Jones, Batman, and the infamous Star Wars. I don’t say “infamous” because of a negative audience reaction, but because of a point made by Colin Stokes in “The Hidden Meaning in Kids Movies,” observing that “there are only boys in the universe except for… [Princess Leia], who…waits around for most of the movie so she can award the hero with a medal and a wink.” Although many women have noticed it before, Stokes seems to be the first man to mention it. His observation leads into a theory much more bizarre, but possibly just as true. Instead of women fighting sexism alone, perhaps men should be taught to take a battle stance too. In Manohla Dargis’ words, “while individual men struggle in the industry, women struggle as a group”. Although this observation is true, it doesn’t have to be. Elsa proved she could do anything without the help of a man, however I now realize she could’ve been even more powerful and made a bigger impact if she worked together with a man as an equal part of a team. Men must be taught to respect and listen to women while they’re young. There are so many advancements happening right now, not only in film, but in technology, education, and politics, and women missing out on them may be putting their good ideas to waste. Only by working together as a team can we finally say “Let it Go” to sexism.

Works Cited Stokes, Colin. “The Hidden Meanings in Kids’ Movies.” TED. Dec. 2012. Lecture. Dockterman, Eliana. “Lena Dunham has a Point: New Research Documents Hollywood’s Sexism.” Time. Time, 11 March. 2014. Web. 3 March 2015. Dargis, Manohla. “Lights, Camera, Taking Action.” New York Times, New York Times, 21 Jan. 2015. Web. 3 March 2015.

Brandon Alter What grade should we give? Ever since 1860 students have been given letter grades by their teachers, is it time for students to be able to grade their teachers? The answer is yes. Most school systems decide on how well a teacher is doing by seeing how well the students did on a standardized test. “On most measures, Ms. Campbell and her fellow teachers at the Aspire Lionel Wilson Preparatory Academy were scoring at or above the average for Aspire, a charter system that runs more than a dozen schools in California and Tennessee. But the survey, conducted by a tech start-up called Panorama Education, also indicated that her students did not believe she was connecting with them” (Manjoo). This quote shows that although the students are doing well, they don’t think the teacher is teaching the right way. Most students would need a tutor or spend hours studying to do well on these standardized tests. Part of the problem is that schools spend too much time focusing on standardized tests. Most students in public schools do not have a teacher they can trust and talk to. Finally students usually have no voice on how good a teacher is, and this will give students more of a voice in their future of education.

Works Cited Bluemle, Stefanie. N.p.: n.p., 2002. 1. Web. 8 Mar. 2015. < //www.augustana.edu/x21668.xml>. Manjoo, Farhad. New York, NY, U.S.A: New York Times, n.d. N. pag. Web. 8 Mar. 2015. < //www.nytimes.com/2014/09/04/technology/students-grade-teachers-and-a-start-up-harnesses-the-data.html

“The Ironies of Reality TV” It has been said Americans spend ⅓ of their free time watching television and about ⅔ of that time is watching Reality TV according to Word Press Blog. And a reasonable question to have is does this consuming form of media affect our values? The 10th season of Keeping up with the Kardashians will premiere on E! network on March 15th! The Kardashian-Jenner family has been in the limelight since their Reality TV show first aired in 2007. The show has become increasingly popular and has made way to become extremely prominent through the years producing several spin-off shows, which is common for thriving reality television. The show follows the family known as the “Kardashian Klan”. The family is recognized for their glamorous, high spending lifestyle and ways, but the real question is; do families like the Kardashians affect our values in society and has viewers? It is called Reality TV, but unfortunately it is unrealistic and misleading to those who are ignorant towards the fact that it is merely there for the purpose of entertainment. According to The New York Times Article, “Yes, They’re Sleazy, but not Originals”, “Reality shows are staged, scripted and heavily edited”. Reality shows like “Buckwild” require hours of filming scenes and incidents in order for the producers to get the raging drama viewers are looking for. What we call “reality television” bluntly contradicts the real world. The truth is, everyday people can be harmed by the unrealistic lifestyles and open vulgarity which grasps the attention of consumers when viewed on reality television. Although you may think Reality Television is harmless, think again. According to a recent study by Bryan Gibson, a psychologist at Central Michigan University, people are more likely to act and think aggressively after watching these kinds of shows on television . Gibson also advises parents to take caution in what they allow their children to view through this form of media because it may appear harmless but can be damaging towards youth eyes. So how can we protect ourselves from bad influence? Instead of observing shows like “The Real Housewives” or “Jersey Shore” try options like “Cake Boss” where we see Buddy Valastro make magnificent desserts or “So You Think You Can Dance”where we get to watch individuals dance their heart out with amazing talent. Shows like such are where we can see everyday people doing amazing things we could never do ourselves. These are better options than viewing the same celebrities that are “famous for being famous” as Alessandra Stanley states from the New York Times. If we are not careful, reality television will influence our society for the worse rather than the better. Works Cited: Curtis, Mary. “In ‘Buckwild’ death, another case of a too real ‘reality’show.” The Washington Post. The Washington Post, 2 April 2013. Web. 24 February 2015. “Reality Television: Creating a World Where No One is Real.” Word Press. Word Press, Web. 8 March 2015. Stanley, Alessandra. “Yes, They’re Sleazy, but Not Originals.” The New York Times. The New York Times, 20 Aug. 2010. Web. 24 February 2015. “Viewer Beware: Watching Reality Tv Can Impact Real-Life Behavior.” NPR. NPR. 24 August 2014. General OneFile. Web. 24 February 2015.`

Connected Yet Isolated Five years ago, when a friend would ask to hang out, I assumed we would play outside, talk, or play board games, yet in current times, it is impossible to make these same assumptions. Current technology distracts us from each other, and attaches our eyes to the screen. Should we still call it hanging out if we are only paying attention to our phones?

Many teenagers today would rather be on their phones than be with friends or family. In a recent Pew internet survey, thirteen percent of people with cellphones were reported to have pretended to use their phones in order to avoid social interaction. Technology has its benefits: staying connected with people, making plans, and rediscovering old friends. However, its constant use can cause problems. Despite the benefits that technology brings, my generation often relies on it too much, resulting in our social isolation.

When I am hanging out with my friends, I feel like we are not necessarily hanging out. Most of my friends have smartphones which they can easily play games on or go to Instagram or Twitter. When we sit down at someone’s house, we don’t engage in as much conversation as I would like to. The person conversing is usually projecting their voice into their phone rather than everyone else. I catch myself doing this also. I find myself on my phone instead of engaging in conversation with my peers, which was the reason we decided to get together in the first place. Even though we are together, I feel as if we are all in our own worlds of the little screens on our phones.

Teenagers are not the only age group affected by technology. According to New York Times article, Disruptions: More Connected, Yet More Alone, “Momofuku Ko and Chef’s Table at Brooklyn Fare, have prohibited people from photographing their food.” These restaurants did a smart thing, in my opinion. They understand how some people are on their phones during dinner rather than socializing with the people they are eating with. In Sherry Turkle’s TED Talk, she mentions how “parents text and do email at breakfast and at dinner while the children complain about not having their parents’ full attention.” Parents are even isolating themselves from their own families.

Technology can overtake our social lives, but we have to fix that now or it could be harder to later. We can stop using technology all the time and spend time with others around us. We can pick a book up or actually converse instead of expressing our thoughts through hashtags.. Technology is great, but sometimes we have to put it aside for a little bit and enjoy the world as it is.

Bilton, Nick. “Disruptions: More Connected, Yet More Alone.” New York Times. New York Times, 1 Sep. 2013. Web. 25 Feb. 2015. “Does the Internet Make You More– Or Less– Connected?” NPR. NPR. 24 August 2011. NPR. Web. 25 February 2015. Turkle, Sherry. “Connected, but alone?” TED. Feb. 2012. Lecture.

How Is The Pressure for Girls to Be Perfect Affecting Them? A young girl stares at the bright screen in her hand. She is on Tumblr when she sees the photos of a young Victoria Secret model. As she looks at the photos, she begins to notice the difference between the model and herself. The model had a smaller waist and was tall and blonde and her skin looked flawless. She compared herself to the photos and said “I need to look like that.” Our media today flashes with airbrushed pictures of women constantly, showing up on our T.V.s and cell phones. Victoria Secret models, famous actresses and singers, even fast food commercials have began to show half naked woman eating their food.Yes, this is all for advertising but do they know what it is doing the girls’ self esteem? Girls are looking at these photos and comparing their body to them, I myself have done it many times. Several girls do not realize the images they are seeing are unattainable and are airbrushed or fake. Many girls go to extremes to try and become that image. According to 2004 survey published by the Canadian Medical Association Journal, 29% of girls ages 10-14 at a healthy weight, are trying to lose weight. Being that I am in that age group, I know the pressures of trying to meet the ‘perfect body’ image. This is the age that middle school ends and high school starts, and so do reputations, and no one wants to be the girl that looks different. Even celebrities like Mary Kate Olsen fell into the pressure of having a perfect body and suffered from an eating disorder. Many girls suffer from them everyday trying to become what they think is the acceptable and attractive weight. I think the media should show woman for how they really are and not the fake images shown now. Even models struggle with body image. I feel like if I was a model and saw the airbrushed pictures of myself, I would be disappointed when I looked in the mirror. For all women to feel more confident and feel like their body is the perfect body, woman should be shown for how they actually look. No airbrush or filters should mess with the pictures and not all, but a lot of pressure would be lifted off girls. The pressure that is left should be turned into pressure that they should be themselves. Pressure to be the beautiful individuals that girls are now trying to hide.

Works Cited: Wulff, Jennifer, Allison Adato, KC Baker, Mark Dagostino, Kathy Ehrich, Debbie Seaman, Tom Cunneff, Sean Daly, Alison SIngh Gee, Kwala Mandel, Brenda Rodriguez, Giovanna Brue, Kelly Williams, Wendy Grossman, and Sara Hammel. “Pressure To Be Perfect.” People 26 July 2004: 72-78. Academic Search Premier. Web. 24 Feb. 2015 Hartocollis, Anemona. “City Unveils Campaign to Improve Girls’ Self-Esteem.” The New York TImes 1 Oct. 2013: A22. Print.. Khadaroo, Stacy Teicher. “Sexy Halloween Costumes for Girls? Study Backs Up Concerned Parents.” Christian Science Monitor. N.p., 31 Oct. 2014. Web. 24 Feb. 2015.

Has Baseball Lost It’s Cool?

The school day should start a few hours later. 7:10 is way too early for students to start school. That leaves kids not getting enough sleep. Many people say that teens should get 8-10 hours of sleep every night, but getting up at 5:30-6:00, maybe even earlier, it barely leaves them getting eight hours of sleep. Many teens go to bed later than 10:30. I’m sure most adults think they should just go to bed earlier but they don’t seem to fall asleep that early. This may help kids do better mentally and physically. Not only in school, but in everything else as well. If school would start at 8:30 then that would put the ending around 3:30, leaving it okay for after school activities to not end too late. Teachers get mad at students because they fall asleep in class. That is because they have to get up so early and they’re not getting enough sleep. After a day of school and sports I am wore out. Maybe those few more hours of sleep at night would help.

Should the school day start later? Does the school day start too early for kids? Most teens say they don’t like school just because it starts to early. Some teens say they wouldn’t mind going to school if it didn’t start at seven in the morning. For me I would love for the school days to start later in the day. It would give the kids brains time to start working. The kids can’t think right if they are tired. Kids don’t like to wake up so early because they don’t go to sleep till late at night. If the day started later the kids can stay up late and get enough sleep. Kids need their sleep so they can work good and focus. You should let them start later in the day, there is a study saying kids brains don’t actually start working till being three hours awake. So really they aren’t learning anything till ten in the morning anyway. The kids know that if it started later it would end later , but if you cut the hours test scores might actually go up some. Why do you think that a lot of kids like to be home schooled. It is because they don’t have to wake up so early and get ready for school. Nobody in their right mind wants to be trapped in a building for eight hours just to get screamed at all day. So in my opinion that is why the school day should start later in the day than it does. Kids hate school and I don’t see why parents don’t see it. They should do what would make the kids happy and start the day later, and then maybe kids will actually show up and not hate it as much. It wouldn’t surprise me if they did start the school day later and kids showed up more than what they do now.

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23 of 25 students admit chatgpt use after professor’s amnesty offer, the importance of reading books for people – free persuasive essay sample.

Books expand our knowledge and conception of the world around us (Jiken, Solidarity for Books). One may argue that films and TV documentaries do that too, but I believe that books are a much better alternative, since they allow each reader to experience the same story using one’s own imagination. When a hundred people watch a film or a TV show, they see the same content—whatever the director and the producer wish to show. Books are different. The experience achieved through reading is richer and more personal, since the same description and the same word choice will result in as many different interpretations as there are readers. We are all unique, and books allow us to experience whatever is narrated in the light of our own personal values, through our ideas and our imagination.

In addition, books enrich our vocabulary, introduce us to new notions, and offer a wider choice of words to us. With every book we read, we become more intelligent (Singh, The Braininess of Books). Even reading one seemingly more primitive pulp fiction book per month can enrich one’s personal vocabulary with dozens of new words, help us build more concise sentences on our own, and express oneself better, make one’s speech more intelligent and sophisticated. Watching certain TV programs and documentary films can also widen one’s vocabulary, but hardly as effectively as books do, since reading operates with both more sophisticated visual and audio (if reading aloud) receptors. Moreover, our imagination reproduces mental pictures of what we are reading about, so a new word automatically links to a certain image and a particular feeling that it relates to. Therefore, reading books is a wonderful tool when it comes to learning and developing one’s vocabulary at any age.

Books are a fantastic source of inspiration. Unlike fine art, architecture, or travelling, books help us create our own mental illustration for what we read on paper. In a way, books make us all artists and creators of our own mental cartoons, movies, or illustration collections (Curtis, Book Artists). Every image we create ourselves is automatically allotted a certain emotion, whether a simple or a more complicated one. Every mental image that a written word projects is vibrant with feelings and emotions. This is what makes books powerful and memorable. Books are an endless source of inspiration and motivation to become a better person.

I am certain that creating a system of symbols and eventually an alphabet, words, and books was the greatest series of inventions of humankind. The books I am talking about are classics, those that do not have an expiration date and will be priceless for any generation. They will continue sparking new ideas, inspiring new deeds, and enriching the lives of every generation to come. I am positive that books will eventually regain their popularity with today’s youth, since unlike the popular kinds of entertainment in fashion today, books are those roots to which people will go back, in search of the motivation, inspiration, and aspiration to find the true meaning and value of life.

1. Siam, Nyugen. Book Stats: Why We Should Care (2006). Wisconsin Daily Press.

2. Jiken, Howard. Solidarity for Books (2010). Lazy Bird Publishing.

3. Singh, Jaghan. The Braininess of Books (2011). Sharala Publishing.

4. Curtis, Brain. Book Artists (2012). Ant Hill Press.

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Argumentative Essay – Outline, Form, and Examples

What is an argumentative essay?

An argumentative essay requires the writer to investigate a specific topic by collecting and evaluating evidence to establish a position on the subject matter.

When preparing to compose a good argumentative essay, utilize the following steps:

Step 1: Select a topic.

Step 2: Identify a position.

Step 3: Locate appropriate resources.

Step 4: Identify evidence supporting the position. ( NOTE: If there is little evidence in support of the claim, consider re-examining the main argument.)

When gathering evidence, use credible sources . To determine the credibility of the source, consider authority, currency, accuracy, and objectivity:

Who is the author ? Are they an expert in the field? Has a reputable publisher published the work?

How current is the information in the source? Does the currency of the source matter? Does the age of the source impact the content? Is there newer information that disproves the source’s information?

Can other sources verify the accuracy of the information? Does the information contradict that found in other commonly accepted sources?

Is there any evidence of bias, or is the source objective ? Is the research sponsored by an organization that may skew the information?

The following are typically recognized as providing appropriate, credible research material:

Peer-reviewed journals/research papers

Government agencies

Professional organizations

Library databases

Reference books

Writers should avoid using the following sources:

Social media posts

Out-of-date materials

Step 5: Utilize the research to determine a thesis statement that identifies the topic, position, and support(s).

Step 6: Use the evidence to construct an outline, detailing the main supports and relevant evidence.

Argumentative essay outline

After gathering all of the necessary research, the next step in composing an argumentative essay focuses on organizing the information through the use of an outline:

Introduction

Attention Grabber/Hook

Background Information: Include any background information pertinent to the topic that the reader needs to know to understand the argument.

Thesis: State the position in connection to the main topic and identify the supports that will help prove the argument.

Topic sentence

Identify evidence in support of the claim in the topic sentence

Explain how the evidence supports the argument

Evidence 3 (Continue as needed)

Support 2 (Continue as needed)

Restate thesis

Review main supports

Concluding statement

Invite the audience to take a specific action.

Identify the overall importance of the topic and position.

How to write an argumentative essay

Regardless of the writer’s topic or point of view, an argumentative essay should include an introductory paragraph, body paragraphs, a conclusion, and works cited.

Background information

Body Paragraphs

Analysis of evidence

Rephrased thesis

Review of main ideas

Call to action

Works Cited

Argumentative essay introduction

The introduction sets the tone for the entire paper and introduces the argument. In general, the first paragraph(s) should attract the reader’s attention, provide relevant context, and conclude with a thesis statement.

To attract the reader's attention , start with an introductory device. There are several attention-grabbing techniques, the most common of which consist of the following:

The writer can emphasize the topic’s importance by explaining the current interest in the topic or indicating that the subject is influential.

Pertinent statistics give the paper an air of authority.

There are many reasons for a stimulating statement to surprise a reader. Sometimes it is joyful; sometimes it is shocking; sometimes it is surprising because of who said it.

An interesting incident or anecdote can act as a teaser to lure the reader into the remainder of the essay. Be sure that the device is appropriate for the subject and focus of what follows.

Provide the reader with relevant context and background information necessary to understand the topic.

Conclude with a thesis statement that identifies the overall purpose of the essay (topic and position). Writers can also include their support directly in the thesis, which outlines the structure of the essay for the reader.

Avoid the following when writing the introduction to argumentative writing:

Starting with dictionary definitions is too overdone and unappealing.

Do not make an announcement of the topic like “In this paper I will…” or “The purpose of this essay is to….”

Evidence supporting or developing the thesis should be in the body paragraphs, not the introduction.

Beginning the essay with general or absolute statements such as “throughout history...” or “as human beings we always...” or similar statements suggest the writer knows all of history or that all people behave or think in the same way.

Argumentative essay thesis

The thesis statement is the single, specific claim the writer sets out to prove and is typically positioned as the last sentence of the introduction . It is the controlling idea of the entire argument that identifies the topic, position, and reasoning.

When constructing a thesis for an argumentative paper, make sure it contains a side of the argument, not simply a topic. An argumentative thesis identifies the writer’s position on a given topic. If a position cannot be taken, then it is not argumentative thesis:

Topic: Capital punishment is practiced in many states.

Thesis: Capital punishment should be illegal.

While not always required, the thesis statement can include the supports the writer will use to prove the main claim. Therefore, a thesis statement can be structured as follows:

TOPIC + POSITION (+ SUPPORTS)

No Supports: College athletes (TOPIC) should be financially compensated (POSITION).

Supports: College athletes (TOPIC) should be financially compensated (POSITION) because they sacrifice their minds and bodies (SUPPORT 1), cannot hold

Argumentative essay body paragraphs

Body paragraphs can be of varying lengths, but they must present a coherent argument unified under a single topic. They are rarely ever longer than one page, double-spaced; usually they are much shorter.

Lengthy paragraphs indicate a lack of structure. Identify the main ideas of a lengthy paragraph to determine if they make more sense as separate topics in separate paragraphs.

Shorter paragraphs usually indicate a lack of substance; there is not enough evidence or analysis to prove the argument. Develop the ideas more or integrate the information into another paragraph.

The structure of an argumentative paragraph should include a topic sentence, evidence, and a transition.

The topic sentence is the thesis of the paragraph that identifies the arguable point in support of the main argument. The reader should know exactly what the writer is trying to prove within the paragraph by reading the first sentence.

The supporting evidence and analysis provide information to support the claim. There should be a balance between the evidence (facts, quotations, summary of events/plot, etc.) and analysis (interpretation of evidence). If the paragraph is evidence-heavy, there is not much of an argument; if it is analysis-heavy, there is not enough evidence in support of the claim.

The transition can be at the beginning or the end of a paragraph. However, it is much easier to combine the transition with the concluding observation to help the paragraphs flow into one another. Transitions in academic writing should tell the reader where you were, where you are going, and relate to the thesis.

Some essays may benefit from the inclusion of rebuttals to potential counterarguments of the writer’s position.

Argumentative essay conclusion

The conclusion should make readers glad they read the paper. It can suggest broader implications that will not only interest readers but also enrich their understanding in some way. There are three aspects to follow when constructing the conclusion: rephrase the thesis, synthesize information, and call the reader to action.

Rephrased the thesis in the first sentence of the conclusion. It must be in different words; do not simply write it verbatim.

Synthesize the argument by showing how the paper's main points support the argument.

Propose a course of action or a solution to an issue. This can redirect the reader's thought process to apply the ideas to their life or to see the broader implications of the topic.

Avoid the following when constructing the conclusion:

Beginning with an unnecessary, overused phrase such as "in conclusion," "in summary," or "in closing;" although these phrases can work in speeches, they come across as trite in writing

Introducing a new idea or subtopic in the conclusion

Making sentimental, emotional appeals that are out of character with the rest of the paper

Including evidence (quotations, statistics, etc.) that should be in the body of the paper

Argumentative essay examples

Examples of argumentative essays vary depending upon the type:

Academic essays differ based upon the topic and position. These essays follow a more traditional structure and are typically assigned in high school or college. Examples of academic argumentative essay topics include the following:

Advantages or disadvantages of social media

Animal testing

Art education

Benefit or detriment of homework

Capital punishment

Class warfare

Immigration

School uniforms

Universal healthcare

Violence in video games

Argumentative literary essays are typically more informal and do not follow the same structure as an academic essay. The following are popular examples of argumentative literary essays:

“Letter from Birmingham Jail” by Martin Luther King, Jr.

“Death of the Moth” by Virginia Woolf

“Shooting an Elephant” by George Orwell

“Thoughts for the Times on War and Death” by Sigmund Freud

“Does the Truth Matter? Science, Pseudoscience, and Civilization” by Carl Sagan

“Self-Reliance” by Ralph Waldo Emerson

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E-Books VS Printed Books: An Argumentative Essay

The norm for school reading is heavy, expensive textbooks. But some have proposed that e-textbooks, available through school tablets or laptops, could be a better alternative. A textbook is a book used to formally define concepts in education. An e-textbook contains the same material, but is not bound to a single physical object. A typical print textbook is not only expensive, costing 50 US$ or more, but also cumbersome to house and maintain. E-textbooks, on the other hand, are easily accessible with most devices and are much less expensive. In this paper, we’ll be discovering why e-textbooks are a better investment than cumbersome print textbooks.

One of the largest factors of resource decisions is the cost, and this applies to textbooks in addition to many other things. Print textbooks are a big investment for a school. The price of print textbooks is high simply because of the amount of materials required to make them. E-textbooks, however, are priced solely on their content, and tend to be much less expensive than print textbooks. Another factor is the costs going forward after the initial purchase. A print textbook is vulnerable to rips, stains, and mildew, and because of this print textbooks must be cared for carefully. If a print textbook falls victim to one of these mishaps, often a new textbook is required. E-textbooks, though, are accessible to all of the school upon purchase, and cannot degrade or be damaged. As a result, E-textbooks are very low maintenance.

The accessibility of the material is also important. With a print textbook, there is only a few copies, or sometimes only one, in circulation. Only one student can use a given book at a time. These problems are eliminated in e-textbooks, which can be accessed by anyone with an authorized device, even simultaneously. In addition, print textbooks are sometimes not allowed to leave the school, forcing students to read at school. However, with an e-textbook, a student can access the textbook from anywhere with an Internet connection.

Something that might not be considered as much is engagement. Many print textbooks look dull and boring just from their size, their rough paper, and their minuscule type. E-textbooks have the advantage of not being associated with a physical weight, and being presented through a screen that can be zoomed in to focus on the content. Print textbooks also have a stereotype applied to them that claims that they are flat, dull, and long-winded, which is only reinforced by their physical medium. But e-textbooks? They are accessed through an electronic device, the same devices that are used to plan outings with friends and chat with fellows. Simply by being accessed through a device that is often considered useful, or even fun, e-textbooks have the advantage of being associated with that usefulness.

Some might say that this is a disadvantage, and that being on a such a device would distract the student’s attention from the textbook. This point becomes moot if the device is issued by the school and does not allow access to distracting services such as social media. Others may claim that print textbooks make the student connect more with the real, physical world. It might do so, but since the connection is through a print textbook, the students might end up associating the dullness of such a book with the physical world.

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114 Good Argumentative Essay Topics for Students in 2023

April 25, 2023

The skill of writing an excellent argumentative essay is a crucial one for every high school or college student to master. Argumentative essays teach students how to organize their thoughts logically and present them in a convincing way. This skill is helpful not only for those pursuing degrees in law , international relations , or public policy , but for any student who wishes to develop their critical thinking faculties. In this article, we’ll cover what makes a good argument essay and offer several argumentative essay topics for high school and college students. Let’s begin!

What is an Argumentative Essay

An argumentative essay is an essay that uses research to present a reasoned argument on a particular subject . As with the persuasive essay , the purpose of this essay is to sway the reader to the writer’s position. A strong persuasive essay makes its point through diligent research, evidence, and logical reasoning skills.

Argumentative Essay Format

A strong argumentative essay will be based on facts, not feelings. Each of these facts should be supported by clear evidence from credible sources . Furthermore, a good argumentative essay will have an easy-to-follow structure. When organizing your argumentative essay, use this format as a guide: introduction, supporting body paragraphs, paragraphs addressing common counterarguments, and conclusion.

In the introduction , the writer presents their position and thesis statement —a sentence that summarizes the paper’s main points. The body paragraphs then draw upon supporting evidence to back up this initial statement, with each paragraph focusing on its own point. In the counterargument paragraph , the writer acknowledges and refutes opposing viewpoints. Finally, in the conclusion , the writer restates the main argument made in the thesis statement and summarizes the points of the essay. Additionally, the conclusion may offer a final proposal to persuade the reader of the essay’s position.

For more tips and tricks on formatting an argumentative essay, check out this useful guide from Khan Academy.

How to Write an Effective Argumentative Essay, Step by Step

• Choose your topic. Use the list below to help you pick a topic. Ideally, the topic you choose will be meaningful to you.
• Once you’ve selected your topic, it’s time to sit down and get to work! Use the library, the web, and any other resources to gather information about your argumentative essay topic. Research widely but smartly. As you go, take organized notes, marking the source of every quote and where it may fit in the scheme of your larger essay. Remember to look for possible counterarguments.
• Outline . Using the argumentative essay format above, create an outline for your essay. Brainstorm a thesis statement covering your argument’s main points, and begin to put together the pieces of the essay, focusing on logical flow.
• Write . Draw on your research and outline to create a solid first draft. Remember, your first draft doesn’t need to be perfect. (As Voltaire says, “Perfect is the enemy of good.”) For now, focus on getting the words down on paper.
• Edit . Be your own critical eye. Read what you’ve written back to yourself. Does it make sense? Where can you improve? What can you cut?

Argumentative Essay Topics for Middle School, High School, and College Students

Family argumentative essay topics.

• Should the government provide financial incentives for families to have children to address the declining birth rate?
• Should we require parents to provide their children with a certain level of nutrition and physical activity to prevent childhood obesity?
• Should parents implement limits on how much time their children spend playing video games?
• Should cellphones be banned from family/holiday gatherings?
• Should we hold parents legally responsible for their children’s actions?
• Should children have the right to sue their parents for neglect?
• Should parents have the right to choose their child’s religion?
• Are spanking and other forms of physical punishment an effective method of discipline?
• Should courts allow children to choose where they live in cases of divorce?
• Should parents have the right to monitor teens’ activity on social media?
• Should parents control their child’s medical treatment, even if it goes against the child’s wishes?

Education Argument Essay Topics

• Should schools ban the use of technology like ChatGPT?
• Are zoos unethical, or necessary for conservation and education?
• To what degree should we hold parents responsible in the event of a school shooting?
• Should schools offer students a set number of mental health days?
• Should school science curriculums offer a course on combating climate change?
• Should public libraries be allowed to ban certain books?
• What role, if any, should prayer play in public schools?
• Should schools push to abolish homework?
• Are gifted and talented programs in schools more harmful than beneficial due to their exclusionary nature?
• Should universities do away with Greek life?
• Should schools remove artwork, such as murals, that some perceive as offensive?
• Should the government grant parents the right to choose alternative education options for their children and use taxpayer funds to support these options?
• Is homeschooling better than traditional schooling for children’s academic and social development?
• Should we require schools to teach sex education to reduce teen pregnancy rates?
• Should we require schools to provide comprehensive sex education that includes information about both homosexual and heterosexual relationships?
• Should colleges use affirmative action and other race-conscious policies to address diversity on campus?
• Should the government fund public universities to make higher education more accessible to low-income students?
• Should the government fund universal preschool to improve children’s readiness for kindergarten?

Government Argumentative Essay Topics

• Should the U.S. decriminalize prostitution?
• Should the U.S. issue migration visas to all eligible applicants?
• Should the federal government cancel all student loan debt?
• Should we lower the minimum voting age? If so, to what?
• Should the federal government abolish all laws penalizing drug production and use?
• Should the U.S. use its military power to deter a Chinese invasion of Taiwan?
• Should the U.S. supply Ukraine with further military intelligence and supplies?
• Should the North and South of the U.S. split up into two regions?
• Should Americans hold up nationalism as a critical value?
• Should we permit Supreme Court justices to hold their positions indefinitely?
• Should Supreme Court justices be democratically elected?
• Is the Electoral College still a productive approach to electing the U.S. president?
• Should the U.S. implement a national firearm registry?
• Is it ethical for countries like China and Israel to mandate compulsory military service for all citizens?
• Should the U.S. government implement a ranked-choice voting system?
• Should institutions that benefited from slavery be required to provide reparations?
• Based on the 1619 project, should history classes change how they teach about the founding of the U.S.?

Bioethics Argumentative Essay Topics

• Should the U.S. government offer its own healthcare plan?
• In the case of highly infectious pandemics, should we focus on individual freedoms or public safety when implementing policies to control the spread?
• Should we legally require parents to vaccinate their children to protect public health?
• Is it ethical for parents to use genetic engineering to create “designer babies” with specific physical and intellectual traits?
• Should the government fund research on embryonic stem cells for medical treatments?
• Should the government legalize assisted suicide for terminally ill patients?

Social Media Argumentative Essay Topics

• Should the federal government increase its efforts to minimize the negative impact of social media?
• Do social media and smartphones strengthen one’s relationships?
• Should antitrust regulators take action to limit the size of big tech companies?
• Should social media platforms ban political advertisements?
• Should the federal government hold social media companies accountable for instances of hate speech discovered on their platforms?
• Do apps such as TikTok and Instagram ultimately worsen the mental well-being of teenagers?
• Should governments oversee how social media platforms manage their users’ data?
• Should social media platforms like Facebook enforce a minimum age requirement for users?
• Should social media companies be held responsible for cases of cyberbullying?
• Should the United States ban TikTok?

Religion Argument Essay Topics

• Should religious institutions be tax-exempt?
• Should religious symbols such as the hijab or crucifix be allowed in public spaces?
• Should religious freedoms be protected, even when they conflict with secular laws?
• Should the government regulate religious practices?
• Should we allow churches to engage in political activities?
• Religion: a force for good or evil in the world?
• Should the government provide funding for religious schools?
• Is it ethical for healthcare providers to deny abortions based on religious beliefs?
• Should religious organizations be allowed to discriminate in their hiring practices?
• Should we allow people to opt out of medical treatments based on their religious beliefs?
• Should the U.S. government hold religious organizations accountable for cases of sexual abuse within their community?
• Should religious beliefs be exempt from anti-discrimination laws?
• Should religious individuals be allowed to refuse services to others based on their beliefs or lifestyles? (As in this famous case .)

Science Argumentative Essay Topics

• Should the world eliminate nuclear weapons?
• Should scientists bring back extinct animals?
• Should we hold companies fiscally responsible for their carbon footprint?
• Should we ban pesticides in favor of organic farming methods?
• Is it ethical to clone animals for scientific purposes?
• Should the federal government ban all fossil fuels, despite the potential economic impact on specific industries and communities?
• What renewable energy source should the U.S. invest more money in?
• Should the FDA outlaw GMOs?
• Would the world be safe if we got rid of all nuclear weapons?
• Should we worry about artificial intelligence surpassing human intelligence?

Sports Argument Essay Topics

• Should colleges compensate student-athletes?
• How should sports teams and leagues address the gender pay gap?
• Should youth sports teams do away with scorekeeping?
• Should we ban aggressive contact sports like boxing and MMA?
• Should professional sports associations mandate that athletes stand during the national anthem?
• Should high schools require their student-athletes to maintain a certain GPA?
• Should transgender athletes compete in sports according to their gender identity?
• Should schools ban football due to the inherent danger it poses to players?

Technology Argumentative Essay Topics

• Should sites like DALL-E compensate the artists whose work it was trained on?
• Is social media harmful to children?
• Should the federal government make human exploration of space a more significant priority?
• Is it ethical for the government to use surveillance technology to monitor citizens?
• Should websites require proof of age from their users?
• Should we consider A.I.-generated images and text pieces of art?
• Does the use of facial recognition technology violate individuals’ privacy?

Business Argument Essay Topics

• Should the U.S. government phase out the use of paper money in favor of a fully digital currency system?
• Should the federal government abolish its patent and copyright laws?
• Should we replace the Federal Reserve with free-market institutions?
• Is free-market ideology responsible for the U.S. economy’s poor performance over the past decade?
• Will cryptocurrencies overtake natural resources like gold and silver?
• Is capitalism the best economic system? What system would be better?
• Should the U.S. government enact a universal basic income?
• Should we require companies to provide paid parental leave to their employees?
• Should the government raise the minimum wage?
• Should antitrust regulators break up large companies to promote competition?
• Is it ethical for companies to prioritize profits over social responsibility?
• Should gig-economy workers like Uber and Lyft drivers be considered employees or independent contractors?
• Should the federal government regulate the gig economy to ensure fair treatment of workers?
• Should the government require companies to disclose the environmental impact of their products?

In Conclusion – Argument Essay Topics 

Using the tips above, you can effectively structure and pen a compelling argumentative essay that will wow your instructor and classmates. Remember to craft a thesis statement that offers readers a roadmap through your essay, draw on your sources wisely to back up any claims, and read through your paper several times before it’s due to catch any last-minute proofreading errors. With time, diligence, and patience, your essay will be the most outstanding assignment you’ve ever turned in…until the next one rolls around.

Looking for more fresh and engaging topics for use in the classroom? Also check out our 85 Good Debate Topics for High School Students .

• High School Success

Lauren Green

With a Bachelor of Arts in Creative Writing from Columbia University and an MFA in Fiction from the Michener Center for Writers at the University of Texas at Austin, Lauren has been a professional writer for over a decade. She is the author of the chapbook  A Great Dark House  (Poetry Society of America, 2023) and a forthcoming novel (Viking/Penguin).

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Critic’s Notebook

Like My Book Title? Thanks, I Borrowed It.

Literary allusions are everywhere. What are they good for?

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By A.O. Scott

You see it everywhere, even if you don’t always recognize it: the literary allusion. Quick! Which two big novels of the past two years borrowed their titles from “Macbeth”? Nailing the answer — “ Birnam Wood ” and “ Tomorrow, and Tomorrow, and Tomorrow ” — might make you feel a little smug.

Perhaps the frisson of cleverness ( I know where that’s from!), or the flip-side cringe of ignorance ( I should know where that’s from! ), is enough to spur you to buy a book, the way a search-optimized headline compels you to click a link. After all, titles are especially fertile ground for allusion-mongering. The name of a book becomes more memorable when it echoes something you might have heard — or think you should have heard — before.

This kind of appropriation seems to be a relatively modern phenomenon. Before the turn of the 20th century, titles were more descriptive than allusive. The books themselves may have been stuffed with learning, but the words on the covers were largely content to give the prospective reader the who (“Pamela,” “Robinson Crusoe,” “Frankenstein”), where (“Wuthering Heights,” “The Mill on the Floss,” “Treasure Island”) or what (“The Scarlet Letter,” “War and Peace,” “The Way We Live Now”) of the book.

Somehow, by the middle of the 20th century, literature had become an echo chamber. Look homeward, angel! Ask not for whom the sound and the fury slouches toward Bethlehem in dubious battle. When Marcel Proust was first translated into English, he was made to quote Shakespeare, and “In Search of Lost Time” (the literal, plainly descriptive French title) became “Remembrance of Things Past,” a line from Sonnet 30 .

Recent Proust translators have erased the Shakespearean reference in fidelity to the original, but the habit of dressing up new books in secondhand clothing persists, in fiction and nonfiction alike. Last year, in addition to “Birnam Wood,” there were Jonathan Rosen’s “ The Best Minds ,” with its whisper of Allen Ginsberg’s “ Howl ,” Paul Harding’s “ This Other Eden ” (“ Richard II ”), and William Egginton’s “ The Rigor of Angels ” (Borges). The best-seller lists and publishers’ catalogs contain multitudes ( Walt Whitman ). Here comes everybody! (James Joyce).

If you must write prose and poems, the words you use should be your own. I didn’t say that: Morrissey did, in a deepish Smiths cut (“ Cemetry Gates , ” from 1986), which misquotes Shakespeare and name-checks John Keats, William Butler Yeats and Oscar Wilde — possibly the most reliably recycled writers (along with John Milton and the authors of the King James Bible) in the English language.

Not that any of them would have minded. When Keats wrote that “ a thing of beauty is a joy forever ,” he surely hoped that at least that much of “ Endymion ” would outlive him. It’s a beautiful sentiment! And he may have been right. Does anyone read his four-part, 4,000-line elegy for Thomas Chatterton outside a college English class, or even for that matter inside one? Nonetheless, that opening line may ring a bell if you remember it from the movies “ Mary Poppins ,” “Yellow Submarine” or “ White Men Can’t Jump .”

Wilde’s witticism and bons mots have survived even as some of his longer works have languished. If it’s true (as he said) that only superficial people do not judge by appearances, maybe it follows that shallow gleaning is the deepest kind of reading. Or maybe, to paraphrase Yeats, devoted readers of poetry lack all conviction , while reckless quoters are full of passionate intensity .

Like everything else, this is the fault of the internet, which has cannibalized our reading time while offering facile, often spurious, pseudo-erudition to anyone with the wit to conduct a search. As Mark Twain once said to Winston Churchill, if you Google, you don’t have to remember anything.

Seriously though: I come not to bury the practice of allusion, but to praise it. (“ Julius Caesar ”) And also to ask, in all earnestness and with due credit to Edwin Starr , “ Seinfeld” and Leo Tolstoy : What is it good for?

The language centers of our brains are dynamos of originality. A competent speaker of any language is capable of generating intelligible, coherent sentences that nobody has uttered before. That central insight of modern linguistics, advanced by Noam Chomsky in the 1950s and ’60s, is wonderfully democratic. Every one of us is a poet in our daily speech, an inglorious Milton ( Thomas Gray ), a Shakespeare minting new coins of eloquence.

Of course, actual poets are congenital thieves (as T.S. Eliot or someone like him may have said), plucking words and phrases from the pages of their peers and precursors. The rest of us are poets in that sense, too. If our brains are foundries, they are also warehouses, crammed full of clichés, advertising slogans, movie catchphrases, song lyrics, garbled proverbs and jokes we heard on the playground at recess in third grade. Also great works of literature.

There are those who sift through this profusion with the fanatical care of mushroom hunters, collecting only the most palatable and succulent specimens. Others crash through the thickets, words latching onto us like burrs on a sweater. If we tried to remove them, the whole garment — our consciousness, in this unruly metaphor — might come unraveled.

That may also be true collectively. If we were somehow able to purge our language of its hand-me-down elements, we might lose language itself. What happens if nobody reads anymore, or if everyone reads different things? Does the practice of literary quotation depend on a stable set of common references? Or does it function as a kind of substitute for a shared body of knowledge that may never have existed at all?

The old literary canon — that dead white men’s club of star-bellied sneetches ( Dr. Seuss ) — may have lost some of its luster in recent decades, but it has shown impressive staying power as a cornucopia of quotes. Not the only one, by any means (or memes). Television, popular music, advertising and social media all provide abundant fodder, and the way we read now (or don’t) has a way of rendering it all equivalent. The soul selects her own society ( Emily Dickinson ).

When I was young, my parents had a fat anthology of mid-20th-century New Yorker cartoons , a book I pored over with obsessive zeal. One drawing that baffled me enough to stick in my head featured a caption with the following words: “It’s quips and cranks and wanton wiles, nods and becks and wreathed smiles.” What on earth was that? It wasn’t until I was in graduate school, cramming for an oral exam in Renaissance literature, that I found the answer in “ L’Allegro, ” an early poem by Milton, more often quoted as the author of “Paradise Lost.”

Not that having the citation necessarily helps. The cartoon, by George Booth, depicts a woman in her living room, addressing members of a multigenerational, multispecies household. There are cats, codgers, a child with a yo-yo, a bird in a cage and a dog chained to the sofa. Through the front window, the family patriarch can be seen coming up the walk, a fedora on his head and a briefcase in his right hand. His arrival — “Here comes Poppa” — is the occasion for the woman’s Miltonic pep talk.

Who is she? Why is she quoting “L’Allegro”? Part of the charm, I now suspect, lies in the absurdity of those questions. But I also find myself wondering: Were New Yorker readers in the early 1970s, when the cartoon was first published, expected to get the allusion right off the bat? They couldn’t Google it. Or would they have laughed at the incongruous eruption of an old piece of poetry they couldn’t quite place?

Maybe what’s funny is that most people wouldn’t know what that lady was talking about. And maybe the same comic conceit animates an earlier James Thurber drawing reprinted in the same book. In this one, a wild-eyed woman bursts into a room, wearing a floppy hat and wielding a basket of meadow flowers. “I come from haunts of coot and hern!” she exclaims to the baffled company, disturbing their cocktail party.

That’s it. That’s the gag.

Were readers also baffled? It turns out that Thurber’s would-be nature goddess is quoting “ The Brook ,” by Alfred, Lord Tennyson. (I’ve never read it either.) Is it necessary to get the reference to get the joke? If you chuckle in recognition, and complete the stanza without missing a beat — “I make a sudden sally/And sparkle out among the fern,/To bicker down a valley” — is the joke on you?

It’s possible, from the standpoint of the present, to assimilate these old pictures to the familiar story about the decline of a civilization based in part on common cultural knowledge. Sure. Whatever. Things fall apart ( Yeats ). In the cartoons’ own terms, though, spouting snippets of poetry is an unmistakable sign of eccentricity — the pastime of kooky women and the male illustrators who commit them to paper. This is less a civilization than a sodality of weirdos, a visionary company ( Hart Crane ) of misfits. But don’t quote me on that.

A.O. Scott is a critic at large for The Times’s Book Review, writing about literature and ideas. He joined The Times in 2000 and was a film critic until early 2023. More about A.O. Scott

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