kernel essay planning sheet

Writing for a Reader

When we write for ourselves, we already know what we’re picturing. We already contain the context. But when we are writing something for someone else to receive and read, we have to continually imagine that they can’t read our minds. We have to compose our words in a way that we give the reader an experience, no matter what kind of writing it is. It must be clear, and it must be interesting enough to keep the reader listening in.

Kernel Essays

A writer writes about the topic, using the text structure as a guide, creating one sentence per box. These sentences are called a kernel essay. The next step is for the writer to read the kernel essay aloud to several listeners to see how that structure worked for the writer. Peter Elbow calls this a “skeleton essay.” If the writer wants to develop this into a full essay, all the sentences need now are details and craft.  

Kernel Essay Process by Allie McCarron

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Glossary of Terms

Planning Sheet

Sample: Avery’s Balloon

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Grid for Topics with Words by Daina Land

Text structures.

The text structure is the plan, or path, that a writer uses, in order to “track movement of the mind.” In other words, the structure will allow a reader to glimpse what you know, and how you know it. Text structures can be revised to make them work for the writing situation. They can be created intentionally by a writer or gleaned from reading. For simplicity, we place these steps into sequenced, horizontal boxes, resembling stepping stones.  

Check out Gretchen’s explanation of text structures and kernel essays in this presentation .

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Text Structures for Nursery Rhymes Comic Book by Paul Erickson

Colored Comic Pages from Training of Trainers 2019

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Truisms are life lessons, statements that are true for most people. Written in third person, present tense, they are sentences which are generally about the world, about people, or about life. They are also called “thematic statements.” They might be the thesis statement of an essay, or the claim in an argument, or embedded as a detail. They are always debatable. They are not written as imperative sentences.  

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Correspondence.

When writers are having trouble knowing how to sound, Sandra Cisneros advises them to find their voice by imagining talking to someone so close that it feels natural talking to them in pajamas. It’s also easier to write when it’s in the form of a letter, being delivered to someone. And these days, when people feel so disconnected from other people, writing letters is a wonderful way to connect, both intellectually and emotionally. Furthermore, letters make it easier to understand the writer’s purpose. (Selling me something? Inviting me somewhere? Needing something?)

Unsent Messages Idea Bank

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Synthesizing

Synthesis pre-writing strategy: the kernel essay.

Synthesis Essay Pre-Writing Strategy:  The Kernel Essay

What is a kernel essay?  A kernel essay is a shortened form of a broader essay (usually a few paragraphs long) that emphasizes understanding how to format a claim (also known as thesis statement) and provide evidence for that claim.  The goal is that a kernel essay could then be extended into a full essay.  So how do I organize this?

Key Takeaways

Synthesis Kernel Essay Format:

•  Introduce both texts (authors, titles, and common themes/traits.
•  Based on these texts, I believe… (this is your claim)
•  An analysis of Author 1’s argument (claim, evidence, limitations)
•  An analysis of Author 2’s argument (claim, evidence, limitations)
•  What these authors would say to one another (what they would agree with?  How they would challenge one another?
•  What you think…
•  Why any of this is important (also known as a final evaluation or commentary)

Based on your own sources, consider the questions above to brainstorm synthesis notes.  Then, use the sample below to model your own kernel essay.

Example Synthesis Kernel Essay:

In Charlie Beck and Connie Rice’s “How Community Policing Can Work” and Charles M. Blow’s “Romanticizing ‘Broken Windows’ Policing,” all three authors discuss the need for programs that bring attention to wrongful use of force among police.  However, each source focuses on a different program: Beck and Rice highlight the positive aspects of “guardian policing” while Blow criticizes the negative aspects of “broken windows policing.” Though different programs have advantages and disadvantages, I think all authors could agree that exploring programs to help reduce violent crime as well as police use-of-force is necessary in combating many tragedies we see in America today; however, the authors make interesting points about the importance of considering the causes of crime within individual communities.

Beck and Rice, one the “chief of the Los Angeles Police Department” and one a “civil rights lawyer,” provide evidence that guardian policing, which consists of having police officers establish trust with residents in high crime neighborhoods in Los Angeles, has been found to reduce the number of murders as well as the number of police shootings.  In fact, since it began in one particular neighborhood named Watts, there have been “no shootings by the partnership officers in over five years” (Beck and Rice). However, within this piece, Beck & Rice fail to discuss other potential solutions other than guardian policing, making this program seem the one-stop solution.

Charles M. Blow, though clearly an advocate for programs that would train officers in ways that may reduce their use-of-force in unnecessary situations, asks us to be wary before simply accepting any program as the savior for today’s problems.  He highlights a misguided program called “broken windows policing” for targeting certain racial groups, primarily African American communities, as violent, when that’s not necessarily the case. He writes, “How you view “broken windows” policing completely depends on your vantage point, which is heavily influenced by racial realities and socio-economics,” (Blow) and emphasizes the need for police officers to view effects of poverty before tying violence to race.

Both texts make valid points for the need for more programs to help reduce unnecessary use-of-force among police.  Though Blow’s piece is focused more on racial discrimination, he highlights strong points about the role poverty plays in a lot of these situations.  Beck & Rice consider community trust at the heart of the problem of some of the crime we see in neighborhoods. I believe Blow’s points challenge Beck & Rice in a positive way, encouraging readers to consider the many facets that contribute to crime in communities and consider ways to combat this issue that is specific to the community members the program works to target.

• Adapted from Gretchen Bernabei's Trail of Breadcrumbs. Authored by : Amber Nichols-Buckley . Located at : http://trailofbreadcrumbs.net/writing-strategies/kernel-essays/ . Project : Trail of Breadcrumbs. License : Public Domain: No Known Copyright

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FigJam Build a strong foundation with our essay plan template

No shaky arguments here. Whether it’s a class assignment, personal statement, or a missive on the company blog, FigJam’s essay writing plan will help you construct a stronger essay outline from the ground up.

Essay plan template

Share ideas, hone arguments, and refine your writing with our collaborative essay plan template.

Nail down your message

Organize evidence, strengthen supporting arguments, and hammer your main point home with our essay planning sheet.

Create flow: Maintain a cohesive writing process with an essay planning template that clarifies how one section leads to the next.

Evaluate your argument from all sides: Crystallize your claim and test it out from new angles in a visual format.

Do your research: Fact check your work and sources before writing by laying out supporting evidence on an easy-to-read outline.

FigJam Make a statement together

Writing doesn’t have to be a solo act. FigJam’s Community-built widgets make it easy to draft with collaborators and source feedback from trusted peers. Fold in new ideas and fine-tune existing arguments with Badge, Storymapper, and Lil notes.

Break it down, then build it up

Perfect the nuts and bolts of your essay with a well-organized essay plan example. Next, find new ways to tell your story with templates from our Community.

Story mapping

Design a compelling narrative step by step.

Compare and contrast the main points in your essay.

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How to write an essay plan?

If you’re wondering how to plan an essay or how to write an effective essay plan with important points and supporting details, just tap into our free essay plan example to get started. From there, you’ll be prompted to break your essay down into the following sections:

• Introduction
• Body paragraph #1
• Body paragraph #2
• Body paragraph #3

Fill in each of these sections with relevant information and credible sources. Then, share it with your trusted collaborators and peers to make sure your argument sings.

What are the 5 aspects of planning an essay?

The 5 aspects of planning an essay correspond to the 5 main sections of your essay: the introduction, the 3 body paragraphs, and the conclusion.

• Introduction – Planning an introduction involves writing a thesis statement and a brief list that outlines the order of your supporting arguments.
• Body paragraphs (3) – As you plan your 3 body paragraphs, you’ll collect evidence—from credible sources—that backs up any supporting detail, arguments, and thesis.
• Conclusion – While you conceptualize this final section, consider how you can open up the floor for further conversation after the essay ends. Are there any related questions you wished you’d asked? What makes this a relevant topic—today? Jot down all of your ideas on a planning sheet for essays.

What is a good structure in an essay?

Many essays follow the classic 5-part structure—the introduction that states your main argument, the 3 points supporting that claim, and the conclusion that wraps everything up.

Keep in mind, however, that you don't have to follow this essay planning example exactly. Some of the best essays break the mold—so don’t be afraid to customize your essay planning sheet or collaborate on a creative structure as you outline.

Other templates you might like

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Essay planning sheet

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How to do a planning sheet for an essay

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