cause and effect essay ppt

Cause and Effect

6th Grade Reading Skill Lesson

Mrs. Melissa Vilamaa

Wetumpka Intermediate School

What is cause and effect?

An effect is something that happens.
A cause is why something happens.

How do I find cause and effect?

To find an effect, ask yourself “What happened?”
To find a cause, ask yourself “Why did this happen?”

The boy was grounded because he didn’t complete his chores.

What happened first? The boy didn’t complete his chores. (This is the cause)

What happened second? The boy was grounded. (This is the effect)

There are signal words that will help you to identify the two parts of a cause/effect relationship. The most common signal words are: because, if, when, so, then.

“The boy was grounded because he didn’t complete his chores .”

breakfast .

My stomach growled during class.

two effects

I didn’t buy

I ran out of gas and was

I forgot to

and spent all day outside.

I got sunburned .

Think about:

what you have read in this story
things that have happened to you
things you’ve read about in other stories
things you’ve seen in movies and on tv

Sometimes a cause is not clearly stated in a story and you need to draw your own conclusions about why something happens.

Now Let’s Solve a Mystery!

My human R obbie and I were at breakfast when we heard a knock at the door.

“Can you please see who that is?” I asked him. This was when Phil Aardvark

burst through the door.

“Sorry to interrupt your breakfast,” said Aardvark. “But as you can see, I’m upset. I didn’t sleep last night. I was supposed to have this big party. I’d planned everything perfectly. I had the food, I had the party favors, I cleaned, I decorated—but the whole thing was ruined because—”

“No one showed up?” I suggested.

“Why, yes!” he said, amazed. “How ever did you know that?”

“Call it a lucky guess,” I joked.

Then I held up The Morning News . The headline read:

AARDVARK HOSTS BIG PARTY. NO ONE COMES.

“Oh,” said Aardvark.

EFFECT: The dog told Robbie to open the door.

A. Aardvark yelled.

B. Aardvark rang the bell.

C. Aardvark knocked.

D. Robbie likes opening doors.

CAUSE: No one showed up at the party .

A. Aardvark was very disappointed.

B. The party was delayed.

C. The party was fun.

D. Aardvark was amused.

EFFECT: The dog knew what had happened with Aardvark’s party.

A. She read about it.

B. She heard about it.

C. She went to it.

D. A friend told her about it.

“Please sit down, Mr. Aardvark, ”I said. “Can R obbie get you a refreshment? A bowl of kibble? A dish of ants with a dash of lemon?”

“Sure,” replied Aardvark. “I’ll have the ants.”

Then I asked Aardvark a question that had been forming in my mind. “Mr. Aardvark, did you remember to send invitations to your party guests? I didn’t hear you mention anything about them.”

At that very moment, I heard a crash. Reaching for a tin of canned ants, Robbie had fallen off our broken ladder. It was the same ladder I’d asked him to fix the day before. Suddenly, I realized that a single effect can have more than one cause, and that a cause can have more than one effect.

EFFECT: The dog heard a crash. One CAUSE of the crash was that Robbie:

A. reached for the tin.

B. was eager.

C. was too careful.

D. purposely knocked down the ladder.

A second CAUSE of the crash was that Robbie:

C. laughed.

If Aardvark had forgotten to make invitations, one EFFECT would be that the guests wouldn’t:

B. have appetites.

C. know each other.

D. know about the party.

A second EFFECT of forgetting to make the invitations would be that the guests didn’t:

B. come to the party.

C. have fun.

D. bring presents to the party.

But, in fact, Aardvark had made invitations. “Of course I did!” he cried. “I printed them out myself. Here’s a leftover invitation. Take a look for yourself.” The invitation seemed in order: printed clearly, all the important information included— correct address, phone number for R.S.V.P., 34-cent stamp, and so on.

I thought. I pondered. I wondered whether I’d stumbled upon a mystery I just couldn't solve. Then, it all clicked.

“I’ve solved the mystery, ”I told Aardvark. “Would you like to know why no guests came to your party?”

“Yes, I would!” Aardvark cried.

Aardvark did everything right—except for one thing.

Stamps don’t cost 34 cents anymore! They cost 37 cents!” I exclaimed. And the post office won’t deliver mail with insufficient postage.

“So the guests never got the invitations! You’ve solved the case!” cried Aardvark. “How can I ever thank you?”

“Just send a check made out to Pooch Pearson, Private Detective,” said Robbie.

“Of course, I’ll do it right away,” said Aardvark.

“Oh, and one more thing,” I said. “When you mail that check—make sure you use the correct postage!”

We all laughed. And we had a good cause.

CAUSE: The invitations didn’t have enough postage.

A. The invitations got lost.

B. The invitations weren’t addressed.

C. The invitations weren’t delivered.

D. Only a few people received their invitations.

CAUSE: Aardvark’s friends didn’t receive invitations.

A. They got angry with Aardvark.

B. They came early to the party.

C. They didn’t come to the party.

D. Aardvark forgot all about the party.

Cause And Effect Essay Guide

Cause And Effect Essay Examples

Best Cause and Effect Essay Examples To Get Inspiration + Simple Tips

What is a Cause and Effect Essay?

A cause and effect essay explores why things happen (causes) and what happens as a result (effects). This type of essay aims to uncover the connections between events, actions, or phenomena. It helps readers understand the reasons behind certain outcomes.

In a cause and effect essay, you typically:

Identify the Cause: Explain the event or action that initiates a chain of events. This is the "cause."
Discuss the Effect: Describe the consequences or outcomes resulting from the cause.
Analyze the Relationship: Clarify how the cause leads to the effect, showing the cause-and-effect link.

Cause and effect essays are common in various academic disciplines. For instance, studies in sciences, history, and the social sciences rely on essential cause and effect questions. For instance, "what are the effects of climate change?", or "what are the causes of poverty?"

Now that you know what a cause and effect is, let’s read some examples.

Cause and Effect Essay Examples for Students

Here is an example of a well-written cause and effect essay on social media. Let’s analyze it in parts to learn why it is good and how you can write an effective essay yourself.

The essay begins with a compelling hook that grabs the reader's attention. It presents a brief overview of the topic clearly and concisely. The introduction covers the issue and ends with a strong thesis statement , stating the essay's main argument – that excessive use of social media can negatively impact mental health.

The first body paragraph sets the stage by discussing the first cause - excessive social media use. It provides data and statistics to support the claim, which makes the argument more compelling. The analysis highlights the addictive nature of social media and its impact on users. This clear and evidence-based explanation prepares the reader for the cause-and-effect relationship to be discussed.

The second body paragraph effectively explores the effect of excessive social media use, which is increased anxiety and depression. It provides a clear cause-and-effect relationship, with studies backing the claims. The paragraph is well-structured and uses relatable examples, making the argument more persuasive.

The third body paragraph effectively introduces the second cause, which is social comparison and FOMO. It explains the concept clearly and provides relatable examples. It points out the relevance of this cause in the context of social media's impact on mental health, preparing the reader for the subsequent effect to be discussed.

The fourth body paragraph effectively explores the second effect of social comparison and FOMO, which is isolation and decreased self-esteem. It provides real-world consequences and uses relatable examples.

The conclusion effectively summarizes the key points discussed in the essay. It restates the thesis statement and offers practical solutions, demonstrating a well-rounded understanding of the topic. The analysis emphasizes the significance of the conclusion in leaving the reader with a call to action or reflection on the essay's central theme.

This essay follows this clear cause and effect essay structure to convey the message effectively:

Read our cause and effect essay outline blog to learn more about how to structure your cause and effect essay effectively.

Free Cause and Effect Essay Samples

The analysis of the essay above is a good start to understanding how the paragraphs in a cause and effect essay are structured. You can read and analyze more examples below to improve your understanding.

Cause and Effect Essay Elementary School

Cause and Effect Essay For College Students

Short Cause and Effect Essay Sample

Cause and Effect Essay Example for High School

Cause And Effect Essay IELTS

Bullying Cause and Effect Essay Example

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Cause and Effect Essay Topics

Wondering which topic to write your essay on? Here is a list of cause and effect essay topic ideas to help you out.

The Effects of Social Media on Real Social Networks
The Causes And Effects of Cyberbullying
The Causes And Effects of Global Warming
The Causes And Effects of WW2
The Causes And Effects of Racism
The Causes And Effects of Homelessness
The Causes and Effects of Parental Divorce on Children.
The Causes and Effects of Drug Addiction
The Impact of Technology on Education
The Causes and Consequences of Income Inequality

Need more topics? Check out our list of 150+ cause and effect essay topics to get more interesting ideas.

Tips For Writing a Good Cause and Effect Essay

Reading and following the examples above can help you write a good essay. However, you can make your essay even better by following these tips.

Choose a Clear and Manageable Topic: Select a topic that you can explore thoroughly within the essay's word limit. A narrowly defined topic will make it easier to establish cause-and-effect relationships.
Research and Gather Evidence: Gather relevant data, statistics, examples, and expert opinions to support your arguments. Strong evidence enhances the credibility of your essay.
Outline Your Essay: Create a structured outline that outlines the introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion. This will provide a clear roadmap for your essay and help you present causes and effects clearly and coherently.
Transitional Phrases: Use transitional words and phrases like "because," "due to," "as a result," "consequently," and "therefore" to connect causes and effects within your sentences and paragraphs.
Support Each Point: Dedicate a separate paragraph to each cause and effect. Provide in-depth explanations, examples, and evidence for each point.
Proofread and Edit: After completing the initial draft, carefully proofread your essay for grammar, punctuation, and spelling errors. Additionally, review the content for clarity, coherence, and flow.
Peer Review: Seek feedback from a peer or someone familiar with the topic to gain an outside perspective. They can help identify any areas that need improvement.
Stay Focused: Avoid going off-topic or including irrelevant information. Stick to the causes and effects you've outlined in your thesis statement.
Revise as Needed: Don't hesitate to make revisions and improvements as needed. The process of revising and refining your essay is essential for producing a high-quality final product.

To Sum Up ,

Cause and effect essays are important for comprehending the intricate relationships that shape our world. With the help of the examples and tips above, you can confidently get started on your essay.

If you still need further help, you can hire a professional writer to help you out. At MyPerfectWords.com , we’ve got experienced and qualified essay writers who can help you write an excellent essay on any topic and for all academic levels.

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Cause and Effect Essay.

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Presentation on theme: "Cause and Effect Essay."— Presentation transcript:

José Jiménez Sirlene Sánchez Elluany Segura Diego Zamora Cause and effect essay.

Remember the 3 steps! Just like in writing a paragraph, you need to follow the same three steps in essay-writing: Plan your essay (outline) Use transitions.

The Cause-Effect Essay St. Robert Catholic High School Information taken from:

How to write an Essay. What is an essay? An essay is a group of paragraphs that support a single point: Introduction (with thesis) a number of body paragraphs.

WRITING 1 2 ND WEEK UNTIRTA. Outline Getting familiar with the acedemic writing Paragraph structure.

The Cause and Effect Essay. 1. To understand the relationship of events that brought about an outcome, (Cause) 2. To understand the results that come.

Do Now: Place the parts of an essay in the appropriate spaces. Hook Thesis Preview Topic Sentence Elaboration Concluding Remark Restatement Recap Clincher.

The Sun’s energy passes through the car’s windshield. This energy (heat) is trapped inside the car and cannot pass back through the windshield, causing.

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES OF USING FOSSIL FUELS Fossil fuels are used in large quantities in industries, railways and power plants. Thermal power plants.

Power Writing Technique Write for 5 minutes about one reason that leads to students not passing their exams. Write a topic sentence. Support your topic.

Cause and Effect Paragraphs

Essay Types overview with focus on Comparative. Logical Writing, Sem. I, 2013.

 Review Unit 2 (Setting Goals)  Explore Unit 3 (Using Resources)  Test testing skills  Preview Unit 4  Discuss problems & solutions.

Writing A Paragraph and The Academic Writing Process ENL 207, Fall 2015.

How do you end your essay in a way that leaves your reader thinking?

Creating an Outline A quick how-to guide to an important paper writing skill.

Environmental Problems

The Effective Reader by D. J. Henry

Arguing About What Causes a Topic or What Results from a Topic

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Cause and Effect Essay - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Cause and Effect Essay

Health class: discuss the relationship between diet and heart disease ... you miss a surprise quiz (effect and cause). you're a quiz average is lowered to a b ... – powerpoint ppt presentation.

aka causal analysis
1. why an event or phenomenon happens (causes)
2. what happens because of the event or phenomenon (its effects)
3. both causes and effects
History class Discuss the causes of U.S. involvement in the 1991 Persian Gulf War
Health class Discuss the relationship between diet and heart disease
A logical organizational plan
Development of each cause and effect fully
May recognize or dispel readers assumptions about the topic
Several causes may produce a single effect
You chose GCC (single effect)for a number of reasons, including the availability of your courses in your major, the cost of tuition, the reputation of the school, and its distance from your home (multiple causes)
One cause may have several effects
Your decision to quit your part-time job (one cause) will result in more study time, less pressure, and less spending money (multiple effects)
Related events or phenomena may have both multiple causes and multiple effects. For instance, an increase in the number of police patrolling the street in urban areas along with the formation of citizen watch groups (multiple causes) will result in less street crime and the growth of small businesses (multiple effects).
In some cases, a series of events forms a chain in which each event is both the effect of what happened before and the cause of the next event. OR A simple event can produce a chain of consequences.
You cannot find your car keys (cause) so you are late for class (effect and cause). You miss a surprise quiz (effect and cause). youre a quiz average is lowered to a B (effect)
Informative, persuasive or both
Death of a loved one
Sources of the pollution of the Salt River
Examination of the causes of academic cheating
Identifies the topic, makes an assertion about that topic, and suggest whether the essay focuses on causes, effects, or both
Follows a logical organization
Explains each cause or effect fully
Examples, facts, descriptions, comparisons, statistics, anecdotes
May recognize or dispel readers assumptions
Capital punishment not always a deterrent to crime
Introduction (Background information about the even or phenomenon, thesis statement)
Body Paragraphs
Cause A Effect A
Cause B Effect OR Cause Effect B
Cause C Effect C
Conclusion (reminder of thesis and final statement or tie in to introduction)
Introduction (Background information about the event or phenomenon, thesis statement)
Cause A Effect A becomes Cause B Effect B becomes Cause C Effect C
Introduction
Arrangement 1 Arrangement 2
Cause A Cause A
Cause B Effect A
Cause C Cause B
Effect A Effect B
Effect B Cause C
Effect C Effect C
1. use transitions to announce shifts to a causal explanation
In writing about your college presidents decision to expand the Career Planning Center, for example, you might introduce your discussion of causes by writing, The three primary factors responsible for his decision are
2. Keep the causal explanation direct and simple
Focus on the most important causes and effects not all causes and effects you can think of or have found.
Emphasize why particular points or ideas are important
For example, if you are writing a tip sheet on using a word-processing program for an audience of beginners, you need to explain why it is important to save material frequently by warning your readers of the effects of neglecting to save copy (not a cause and effect essay topic)
Include only causal relationships you can support and justify.
If you dont have evidence to support it, it becomes your opinion and its best to omit it.
Consider your purpose, audience, and point of view
Keep the length of your essay in mind
Level of technical detail must be considered
Point of view is most often the third person
Try to identify primary causes or effects (most important)
Once you identify the primary and secondary causes and effects, examine them to be sure you have not overlooked any causes and effects and have avoided common reasoning errors.
Example, if a child often reports to the nurses office complaining of a stomachache, a parent may reason that the child has digestive problems. However, a closer study of the behavior may reveal that the child is worried about attending a physical education class and that the stomachaches are the result of stress and anxiety.
The PE class is the hidden cause.
To avoid overlooking hidden causes or effects, be sure to examine a causal relationship closely.
Do not assume the most obvious or simplest explanation is the only one.
Avoid the post hoc, ergo propter hoc (after this, therefore because of this fallacy) the assumption that because event B followed event A in time, A caused B to occur
For example, suppose you decide against having a cup of coffee one morning, and later the same day you score higher than ever before on a political science exam.
Although one event followed the other in time, the first event did not necessarily cause the second event to occur. That is, you cannot assume that reducing your coffee intake caused the high grade.
To avoid the post hoc fallacy, look for evidence that one event did indeed cause the other. Plausible evidence might include testimony from others who experienced the same sequence of events or documentation proving a causal relationship between the events.
For instance, there are numerous examples of people who have contracted cancer after smoking cigarettes for a number of years as well as research documenting the link between cigarette smoking and cancer.
Just because two events occur at about the same time does not mean they are causally related.
For example, suppose sales of snow shovels in a city increased at the same time sales of gloves and mittens increased. The fact that the two events occurred simultaneously does not mean that snow shoveling causes people to buy more mittens and gloves.
Most likely, a period of cold, snowy weather caused the increased sales of these items.
Again, remember that evidence is needed to verify that the two events are related and that a causal relationship exists.
Assumptions are ideas or generalizations that you or your readers accept as truths without questioning their validity.
For example, you may assume that someone you just met is honest or that your new mat instructor treats all students fairly. Although assumptions can be true, in many cases people make sweeping generalizations that are untrue and unfair.
For instance, it is unfair to say that senior citizens are unproductive members of society because the evidence suggests that many seniors continue to work or contribute to their communities in many ways.
Many assumptions are based on stereotypesunfair generalizations about the characteristics or behaviors of an entire group or class of people or things.
A convincing cause and effect essay does more than merely list causes, effects, or both and avoid errors in reasoning. Your reader expects a complete explanation of each primary cause or effect that you include. In order to explain your causes and effects, youll probably use one or more other patterns of development.
For example, you may need to narrate events present descriptive details about the event, problem, or phenomena define important terms explain processes unfamiliar to the reader include examples that illustrate a cause or an effect or make comparisons to explain unfamiliar concepts.
State the cause and effect relationship. Do not leave it to your reader to figure out the causal relationship. In the following examples, note that the original thesis is weak and vague, whereas the revision clearly states the causal relationship.
Breathing paint fumes in a closed environment can be dangerous. People suffering from asthma and emphysema are particularly vulnerable.
Breathing paint fumes in a closed environment can be dangerous for people suffering from asthma and emphysema because their lungs are especially sensitive to irritants.
The revised thesis makes the cause and effect connection explicit by using the word because and by including necessary information about the problem.
Avoid overly broad or absolute assertions.
They are difficult or impossible to support.
Drugs are the root cause of inner-city crime.
Drugs are a major cause of inner-city crime.
The revised thesis acknowledges drugs as one cause of crime but does not claim that drugs are the only cause.
Use qualifying words. Unless a cause and effect relationship is well established and accepted, qualify your thesis statement.
Overemphasizing competitive sports is harmful to the psychological development of young children.
Overemphasizing competitive sports may be harmful to the psychological development of young children.
Changing the verb from is to may be qualifies the statement, allowing room for doubt.
Avoid an overly assertive or a dogmatic tone. The tone of your essay, including your thesis, should be confident but not overbearing. You want your readers to accept your ideas but not to be put off by an arrogant tone.
There is no question that American youths have changed in response to the culture in which they live.
Substantial evidence suggests that American youths have changed in response to the culture in which they live.
The phrase substantial evidence suggests creates a less dogmatic tone than There is no question.
1. Provide well-developed explanations. Be sure that you provide sufficient evidence that the causal relationship exists. Offer a number of reasons and choose a variety of types of evidence (examples, statistics, expert opinion, and so on) to demonstrate that you correctly perceived the relationship between causes and effects. Try to develop each cause or effect into a detailed paragraph with a clear topic sentence.
2. Use strong transitions. Use a transition each time you move from an explanation of one cause or effect to an explanation of another. When you move from discussing causes to discussing effects or when you shift to a different pattern of development, use strong transitional sentences to alert your reader to the shift. Regardless of the organization you follow, you need to use clear transitions to guide your reader throughout the essay. Transitional words and phrases that are useful in cause and effect essays include because, since, as a result, and therefore.
3. Avoid overstating causal relationships. When writing about causes and effects, avoid words and phrases that overstate the causal relationship, such as it is obvious, without doubt, always, and never. These words and phrases wrongly suggest that a causal relationship is absolute and without exception. Instead, use words and phrases that qualify, such as it is possible, it is likely, and most likely.
4. Write an effective introduction. Your introduction should identify the topic and causal relationship as well as draw your reader into the essay.
5. Write a satisfying conclusion. Your conclusion may remind readers of your thesis and should draw your essay to a satisfying close.

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Cause and Effect Essay

Mar 31, 2019

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Cause and Effect Essay. 1) Make chart of causes and effects Identify the specific relationships on that chart 2) 3 options: Discuss causes Discuss effects Discuss both (keep scope limited). Planning. Essay must present and support a particular thesis Ex: p. 328 (1 st para .)

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1) Make chart of causes and effects • Identify the specific relationships on that chart • 2) 3 options: • Discuss causes • Discuss effects • Discuss both (keep scope limited) Planning

Essay must present and support a particular thesis • Ex: p. 328 (1stpara.) • Thesis statement should: • Identify the relationships among the specific causes or effects you discuss • Indicate the significance of the causes or effects  ARGUMENT Thesis statement

Ex 1: Facebook revolutionized the way that people date. • Not a thesis • Just an observation • Very general (not specific) Thesis - example

Ex 2: Facebook altered the way that people ask others to go on a date, and in effect made a task that was scarier in the past much easier and less socially awkward. • Thesis • Specific • States the significance of an effect

Thesis tells reader 3 things: • 1) issues you plan to consider • 2) position you will take on those issues • 3) whether your emphasis is on causes, effects, or both Thesis statement

May also explicitly or implicitly indicate the main cause or effect you will focus on May include the order you will present your points Thesis Statement

1) Chronological order • Be careful of post hoc reasoning! • 2) Introduce main cause first, then contributory (or do the opposite—save the best for last) • 3) focus on positive consequences, briefly summarize negative (vice versa) Arranging Causes and effects: Options

4) Dismiss any events that were not causes • Explain what the real causes were (helps to avoid post hoc reasoning) • 5) Begin with most obvious causes or effects • Move to the more subtle causes or effects Arranging Causes and effects: Options

The first cause, The second cause, One result, Another result, Transitions – distinguish causes from effects

Main cause = • Most important • Contributory causes = • Least important/Another cause I.e. Hartford Roof Collapse Main cause: Roof Design Contributory cause: Weight of Snow Transitions – show causal relationships

Immediate cause = • Closely precedes the effect; most obvious • Remote cause = • Less obvious; possibly in the past or far away i.e. Hartford Roof Collapse: Immediate cause: Weight of Snow (straw that broke the camel’s back) Remote causes: Roof design, improper maintenance, etc. Transitions – show causal relationships

Let’s take a look at the student’s example in your Patterns textbook: Pg 333: The Irish Famine How is it organized? Structure

The Irish Famine Introduction: (Thesis statement) 1st Cause: Failure of Crop 2nd Cause: Landlord-tenant system 3rd Cause: Failures of government policy 4th Cause: British prejudice Results of the famine Conclusion, more nuanced Structure

In this essay, all causes are seen as important and interrelated. Evelyn starts with immediate cause of the famine: failure of potato crop. Ends with most remote cause: British Prejudice Structure

This was an answer to an exam question. Hence, it could be improved: More interesting opening (eyewitness account of famine’s effects. Quote from AModest Proposal by Jonathan Swift) Structure

2. Her conclusion could have been developed further, pointing towards the nation’s eventual recovery. Or commenting further on the enrichment of other nations alluded to at the end of the conclusion. Structure

3. Body paragraphs could have included supporting statistics/quotes from historians/or a brief history of Ireland before the Famine. Structure

By the end of the block, please complete the following and print: • Choose a topic and an approach (causes, effects, or both). • Find at least two secondary sources to support your argument. • Prepare a preliminary Works Cited page which lists the two sources. You may use easybib.com. By the end of the block

Due Tuesday, 1/14 500words (~2 typed pages); place word count at end of essay Bibliography (1-2 sources; use easybib.com; MLA format) see Purdue Online Writing Lab Typed, double-spaced Turnitin.com 100 pts Assignment

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