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Geography Extended Essay Topics: 30+ Ideas to Get You Started

by  Antony W

September 2, 2022

Up until now, you’ve learned what a Geography Extended Essay is, how to choose the right topic to explore, and how to treat the topic.  Still, coming up with relevant Geography Extended Essay topics can be a big challenge, especially if you aren’t so creative.

Geography Extended Essay Help

Geography is an interesting subject, but it’s equally involving because it requires a lot of reading and extensive research.

So if you’ve chosen this IB subject for your Extended Essay project, you’ll need to schedule enough time to choose a topic, develop your research, and work on the EE within the predefined scope of the assignment.

If you’ve started working on the project and already find it overwhelming,  click here to check our EE writing help .  Hire Help for Assessment writers, and we’ll help you get the work completed in the shortest time possible.

The advantage of our writing service is that we’re timely.

In other words, we’ve customized our writing help such that you get your paper delivered to you at least 2 hour before the deadline. As such, you never have to worry about running late with your submission or missing a draft to present in your reflection meetings. 

30+ Best IB Geography Extended Essay Topics 

To help make the topic selection process easier, we’ve put together a list of 30+ IB Geography Extended Essay topics for inspiration.

Check them out below. 

• How much does the risk of arsenic poisoning diminish when one moves away from certain Bangladeshi river routes and irrigated areas?
• Does air quality increase away from one of London's busiest roundabouts as one travels over a transect of 10 kilometers?
• How does Lake Vatten affect the fall weather in the area (the microclimate)?
• Should we believe that Singapore is the "Harmonious home" that Goh Chok Tong proclaimed it to be in 2012?
• Analysis of Warsaw's municipal service availability throughout the city's various neighborhoods
• How does the proximity of low and high-income neighborhoods in an LEDC vary with elevation and distance from the central business district?
• What socioeconomic elements and features of Eindhoven's urban design contribute to the city's high vandalism rates?
• How well do the migration patterns and causes in northern Thailand fit the profile of movements typical of an LEDC?
• Is there a correlation between the rate of literacy and the rate of extreme poverty in some Indian states and regions?
• A look at whether or not Singapore meets the criteria for a sustainable metropolis.
• How well do some of Ethiopia's eco-lodges meet Martha Honey's standards for "green" travel?
• Is there a correlation between the quality of life in northern and southern Mexico and the rate at which people migrate to the United States of America?
• How environmentally sustainable is the Township of Langley's business waste management program?
• What is the relationship between vandalism and the length of time spent away from a central business district?
• When compared to their home country, how would you rate the quality of living enjoyed by Filipinas working as foreign domestic workers in Singapore's Downtown area?
• Does Addis Abeba's nightlife improve or worsen as a function of the city's demographics?
• How has globalization changed the sound of music in certain middle-income and low-income countries?
• How do differences in gender, level of education, and working conditions affect the probability of becoming overweight?
• Does farming in certain Kenyan rural areas conform to Von Thunen's concept of land use?
• Are lower traffic volumes a result of the congestion charges imposed on vehicles entering central London?
• How much of a gap exists between the actual and ideal fertility rates in Singapore, and what causes this gap?
• How much does the rate of female infanticide rise when one moves away from a large city?
• How well is Menagesha state forest maintained ecologically, and what is its ecological value?
• Is there a difference in Ethiopia between the metropolitan center of Addis Ababa and the more rural city of Harar when it comes to women's reproductive health?
• How much have rising temperatures in Singapore caused people to feel less at ease in their own homes?
• The development of an Atlas Information System Project for Global Mapping
• Geographical phenomenon structure, connection, and dynamics models
• Structure, relationship, and dynamics models of spatially extended phenomena
• Asian, African, and Latin American "regions of underdevelopment" compared and contrasted
• Using and safeguarding the seas' natural complexity is a worldwide human issue
• A timeline of humankind's progress through the ages, charting the methods through which space has been explored on Earth.
• Modeling techniques in the geographic information system and their potential and limits
• Thoughts and insights gained from working on multimedia geographic information systems.
• The role that human geography plays in the formation of society and the processes that make it up.
• The significance of mountains in maintaining the integrity of our planet Earth's surface and atmosphere
• The primary factor responsible for the majority of the province of British Columbia's wildfire outbreaks
• The influence that geography has on the functioning of the government and the formulation of new policies
• The various kinds of atmospheric gases and the roles they play in people's lives.
• The areas of the world that are most likely to be affected by the effects of global warming
• Creating a disaster management strategy that is the most effective possible
• Examine the size, location, and population density of cities all across the world and draw some conclusions.
• Talk about the mountains, rivers, deserts, plains, forests, and lakes that make up the North American continent.
• What potential issues may arise if one biome encroached into the area of another?
• Explore the impact of various modes of transportation on global patterns of human habitation.
• Explore the link between economic opportunity and global population dispersion.
• Outline the ways in which people have altered their environment via the extraction and consumption of raw materials
• Talk about the ways in which people's lives are interconnected through various forms of electronic communication
• Explain the global impact of temperature shifts on transportation networks.
• Describe the ways in which the residents of your city or town have modified the landscape over time.

Related Reading

• Chemistry Extended Essay Topics
• History Extended Essay Topics

Final Thoughts

We hope that this long list of topic ideas helps you to find the right topic from which you can formulate a research question to explore.

About the author 

Antony W is a professional writer and coach at Help for Assessment. He spends countless hours every day researching and writing great content filled with expert advice on how to write engaging essays, research papers, and assignments.

IB Extended Essay Topics: Geography

As a seasoned IB writer, I’ve had the pleasure and challenge of walking the complex terrain of the IB Diploma Programme (DP), particularly when it comes to writing a compelling Geography Extended Essay. Surprisingly, the very first problem many students face is choosing an appropriate topic and research question. Drawing from my experience, I aim to guide you through this choice with insights and advice to make your writing process smoother, more engaging, and more rewarding.

Understanding the IB DP Geography Extended Essay

First, let’s discuss what the IB DP Geography extended essay entails. This demanding yet fascinating task invites you to dig into a topic of your choice within the expansive and multifaceted world of geography. It’s an unparalleled chance to conduct a deep investigation into an area that piques your interest and holds significant academic value. From my perspective, crafting an exceptional essay involves selecting a topic that meets the rigorous IB criteria and ignites your passion. Your genuine enthusiasm for the subject is a beacon that illuminates your research, compellingly drawing the reader into your analytical path.

The Geography Extended Essay’s ability to intertwine scientific investigation with cultural understanding makes it stand out. It offers a platform where quantitative data meets qualitative insights. This blend provides a rich tapestry for exploration, allowing students to showcase their ability to research complex topics with precision and empathy. Here are a few reasons why choosing the right topic is crucial:

• Ensuring your topic aligns with the IB’s expectations is paramount. This alignment guarantees that your essay meets the fundamental requirements, paving the way for a successful evaluation.
• A topic that resonates with you will make the research process more enjoyable and engaging. Passion about your subject shows in the depth and quality of your analysis.
• Choosing a unique angle or a current issue can make your essay stand out. Topics that offer fresh perspectives or address timely questions are often more compelling and impactful.
• The best topics are those that allow for deep analytical thinking. Look for areas where you can apply geographical theories and concepts to real-world scenarios.

Choosing the perfect topic becomes integral to the extended essay-writing process in light of these considerations. It requires careful thought, creativity, and strategic planning.

Exciting Areas of Study in IB DP Geography

As diverse and expansive as the earth’s landscapes, geography as a discipline is a goldmine of fascinating topics ripe for exploration. You can move from the Arctic’s melting ice caps to the megacities’ bustling streets within its broad scope. Among its many fascinating branches, environmental and urban geography stand out for their relevance to our world today and their ability to generate deep, original research and insightful analysis. Here are some other compelling areas within IB DP Geography that offer rich avenues for exploration.

Cultural Geography

This area examines cultural practices, norms, and products and their relationships with the places and spaces where they originate. It invites deep research into the diversity of human cultures and their expressions worldwide.

Political Geography

An investigation into the spatial distribution of political processes and systems, including the study of boundaries, territories, and the geopolitics of resource distribution. This field provides insights into the complex interplay between geography and political power.

Economic Geography

This area focuses on how economies are spatially and environmentally distributed and how they influence global, regional, and local economic activities. It touches on topics such as globalization, trade, and economic development.

Physical Geography

This branch examines the natural processes and features of the Earth, including the study of landforms, climates, and vegetation and how these elements interact. It provides a foundational understanding of the physical world that we inhabit.

GIS and Remote Sensing

With the advent of technology, the ability to analyze spatial data through Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and observe the Earth through remote sensing has opened new geographic frontiers. These tools allow for the sophisticated analysis and visualization of geographical data, offering insights into various spatial phenomena.

IB Geography Extended Essay Topics and Research Questions

Below, I’ll share some topic ideas and research questions that could guide your exploration:

• The Impact of Climate Change on Coral Reefs . How is climate change affecting coral reef ecosystems in the Great Barrier Reef?
• Urbanization and Its Effects on Local Climate . How does urbanization influence microclimate conditions in major cities?
• Renewable Energy Sources and Geographic Potential . What is the potential for solar energy in Sub-Saharan Africa based on geographic and climatic conditions?
• Water Scarcity and Conflict in the Middle East . How does water scarcity contribute to geopolitical tensions in the Middle East?
• Effects of Tourism on Natural Landscapes . How does tourism impact erosion and natural landscapes in the Himalayas?
• Sustainable Agriculture Practices in Arid Regions . How do sustainable agricultural practices improve food security in arid regions?
• Economic Geography of the Coffee Trade . How does the global coffee trade impact Colombia’s economic conditions?
• Deforestation and Biodiversity Loss in the Amazon . What are the effects of deforestation on biodiversity in the Amazon Rainforest?
• Geopolitical Implications of Arctic Melting . How does the melting of Arctic ice influence geopolitical strategies and claims?
• Impact of Sea Level Rise on Coastal Communities . What are the adaptive strategies of coastal communities in Southeast Asia facing sea level rise?
• Cultural Geography and Identity in Border Regions . How do border dynamics influence cultural identity in the Basque region?
• Smart Cities and Urban Sustainability . How do smart city initiatives contribute to urban sustainability in Singapore?
• E-waste Management and Environmental Justice . What are the environmental justice issues surrounding e-waste management in Ghana?
• Public Transportation and Urban Air Quality . How does the development of public transportation systems affect air quality in European capitals?
• The Role of Green Spaces in Mental Health . How do urban green spaces impact mental health outcomes in densely populated cities?
• Impact of Plastic Pollution on Marine Life . How does plastic pollution in the Pacific Ocean impact the biodiversity of marine life in the Great Pacific Garbage Patch?
• Sustainable Urban Development in Emerging Economies . What strategies are being employed to promote sustainable urban development in the cities of India?
• Geographic Factors Influencing Renewable Energy Adoption . Which geographic factors most significantly influence the adoption of wind energy in Northern Europe?
• Land Use Changes and Their Impact on Local Water Systems . How have changes in land use affected the hydrology of the Mississippi River Basin?
• Migration Patterns and Climate Change . What role does climate change play in shaping migration patterns in Sub-Saharan Africa?
• Food Security and Climate Variability . How does climate variability affect food security in the Andean region?
• The Geography of Digital Divide . How does the digital divide manifest in rural vs. urban areas in the United States?
• Volcanic Activity and Tourism . What is the impact of volcanic activity on tourism in Iceland?
• Conservation Efforts in Biodiversity Hotspots . How effective are conservation efforts in protecting biodiversity in Madagascar?
• The Economic Geography of Silk Road Trade Routes . How have historic Silk Road trade routes influenced the economic geography of Central Asia today?
• Geography of Health: Access to Healthcare in Remote Areas . What geographic factors influence access to healthcare in remote areas of Canada?
• Urban Heat Islands and Mitigation Strategies . What strategies are most effective in mitigating urban heat islands in Tokyo?
• Glacial Retreat and Global Water Supply . How is glacial retreat in the Himalayas expected to impact global water supply?
• Cultural Landscapes and Heritage Conservation . How do cultural landscapes contribute to heritage conservation in Tuscany, Italy?
• Social Geography of Homelessness in Urban Centers . What are the spatial patterns of homelessness in San Francisco, and what factors contribute to these patterns?
• Desertification and Livelihood in Sub-Saharan Africa . How is desertification affecting rural livelihoods in the Sahel region of Sub-Saharan Africa?
• The Geography of Internet Connectivity . What geographic factors contribute to Brazil’s digital divide between urban and rural areas?
• Impact of High-Speed Rail on Regional Development . How has introducing high-speed rail impacted regional development and urban-rural integration in China?
• Climate Change Adaptation Strategies in Small Island Developing States . What strategies are Small Island Developing States (SIDS) implementing to adapt to climate change impacts?
• The Role of Geographic Location in Startup Ecosystems . How does geographic location influence the success and concentration of startup ecosystems, with a specific focus on Silicon Valley?
• Agricultural Practices and Soil Erosion . How do traditional vs. modern agricultural practices affect soil erosion rates in the Midwest United States?
• Geographic Patterns of Renewable Energy Usage . What are the geographic patterns of renewable energy usage in Scandinavia, and how does physical geography influence them?
• The Effect of Mountain Ranges on Climate . How do mountain ranges, such as the Rockies, affect the climate and weather patterns of the adjacent regions?
• Urban Sprawl and Wildlife Habitat . What impact does urban sprawl have on wildlife habitat and biodiversity in the outskirts of European capitals?
• Geography and the Spread of Infectious Diseases . How have geographic factors influenced the spread and impact of infectious diseases, with a case study on COVID-19 in densely populated cities?

These topics span various branches of geography, aiming to inspire a range of interests and research directions.

Don’t let the stress of the IB curriculum hold you back.

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Finally, I’d like to offer a few final words of wisdom. Engaging your reader with a compelling narrative, demonstrating your critical thinking, and showing originality in your analysis will set your essay apart. Trust me, paying attention to these details can take your essay from good to exceptional. So, armed with these insights and strategies, you’re better equipped to begin your writing process. I wish you all the best and look forward to seeing where your intellectual curiosity takes you in the vast and varied landscape of IB DP Geography. Also, remember that our IB experts are always ready to help you with Extended Essay writing.

Nora Spinster

Nora Spinster is a multi-talented individual who is an educator, lawyer, youth, expert IB tutor, education activist, and language and writing enthusiast. Nora has a wealth of experience in copywriting, having worked with various organizations and businesses to craft compelling and effective copy. Nora has published articles on young learners and teenage students in the International House Journal and occasionally posts on ibwritingservice.com educational blog

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• Nora Spinster https://ibwritingservice.com/blog/author/noraspinster/ IB English A Extended Essay Topics

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International Baccalaureate (IB)

IB students around the globe fear writing the Extended Essay, but it doesn't have to be a source of stress! In this article, I'll get you excited about writing your Extended Essay and provide you with the resources you need to get an A on it.

If you're reading this article, I'm going to assume you're an IB student getting ready to write your Extended Essay. If you're looking at this as a potential future IB student, I recommend reading our introductory IB articles first, including our guide to what the IB program is and our full coverage of the IB curriculum .

IB Extended Essay: Why Should You Trust My Advice?

I myself am a recipient of an IB Diploma, and I happened to receive an A on my IB Extended Essay. Don't believe me? The proof is in the IBO pudding:

If you're confused by what this report means, EE is short for Extended Essay , and English A1 is the subject that my Extended Essay topic coordinated with. In layman's terms, my IB Diploma was graded in May 2010, I wrote my Extended Essay in the English A1 category, and I received an A grade on it.

What Is the Extended Essay in the IB Diploma Programme?

The IB Extended Essay, or EE , is a mini-thesis you write under the supervision of an IB advisor (an IB teacher at your school), which counts toward your IB Diploma (learn more about the major IB Diploma requirements in our guide) . I will explain exactly how the EE affects your Diploma later in this article.

For the Extended Essay, you will choose a research question as a topic, conduct the research independently, then write an essay on your findings . The essay itself is a long one—although there's a cap of 4,000 words, most successful essays get very close to this limit.

Keep in mind that the IB requires this essay to be a "formal piece of academic writing," meaning you'll have to do outside research and cite additional sources.

The IB Extended Essay must include the following:

• A title page
• Contents page
• Introduction
• Body of the essay
• References and bibliography

Additionally, your research topic must fall into one of the six approved DP categories , or IB subject groups, which are as follows:

• Group 1: Studies in Language and Literature
• Group 2: Language Acquisition
• Group 3: Individuals and Societies
• Group 4: Sciences
• Group 5: Mathematics
• Group 6: The Arts

Once you figure out your category and have identified a potential research topic, it's time to pick your advisor, who is normally an IB teacher at your school (though you can also find one online ). This person will help direct your research, and they'll conduct the reflection sessions you'll have to do as part of your Extended Essay.

As of 2018, the IB requires a "reflection process" as part of your EE supervision process. To fulfill this requirement, you have to meet at least three times with your supervisor in what the IB calls "reflection sessions." These meetings are not only mandatory but are also part of the formal assessment of the EE and your research methods.

According to the IB, the purpose of these meetings is to "provide an opportunity for students to reflect on their engagement with the research process." Basically, these meetings give your supervisor the opportunity to offer feedback, push you to think differently, and encourage you to evaluate your research process.

The final reflection session is called the viva voce, and it's a short 10- to 15-minute interview between you and your advisor. This happens at the very end of the EE process, and it's designed to help your advisor write their report, which factors into your EE grade.

Here are the topics covered in your viva voce :

• A check on plagiarism and malpractice
• Your reflection on your project's successes and difficulties
• Your reflection on what you've learned during the EE process

Your completed Extended Essay, along with your supervisor's report, will then be sent to the IB to be graded. We'll cover the assessment criteria in just a moment.

We'll help you learn how to have those "lightbulb" moments...even on test day!  

What Should You Write About in Your IB Extended Essay?

You can technically write about anything, so long as it falls within one of the approved categories listed above.

It's best to choose a topic that matches one of the IB courses , (such as Theatre, Film, Spanish, French, Math, Biology, etc.), which shouldn't be difficult because there are so many class subjects.

Here is a range of sample topics with the attached extended essay:

• Biology: The Effect of Age and Gender on the Photoreceptor Cells in the Human Retina
• Chemistry: How Does Reflux Time Affect the Yield and Purity of Ethyl Aminobenzoate (Benzocaine), and How Effective is Recrystallisation as a Purification Technique for This Compound?
• English: An Exploration of Jane Austen's Use of the Outdoors in Emma
• Geography: The Effect of Location on the Educational Attainment of Indigenous Secondary Students in Queensland, Australia
• Math: Alhazen's Billiard Problem
• Visual Arts: Can Luc Tuymans Be Classified as a Political Painter?

You can see from how varied the topics are that you have a lot of freedom when it comes to picking a topic . So how do you pick when the options are limitless?

How to Write a Stellar IB Extended Essay: 6 Essential Tips

Below are six key tips to keep in mind as you work on your Extended Essay for the IB DP. Follow these and you're sure to get an A!

#1: Write About Something You Enjoy

You can't expect to write a compelling essay if you're not a fan of the topic on which you're writing. For example, I just love British theatre and ended up writing my Extended Essay on a revolution in post-WWII British theatre. (Yes, I'm definitely a #TheatreNerd.)

I really encourage anyone who pursues an IB Diploma to take the Extended Essay seriously. I was fortunate enough to receive a full-tuition merit scholarship to USC's School of Dramatic Arts program. In my interview for the scholarship, I spoke passionately about my Extended Essay; thus, I genuinely think my Extended Essay helped me get my scholarship.

But how do you find a topic you're passionate about? Start by thinking about which classes you enjoy the most and why . Do you like math classes because you like to solve problems? Or do you enjoy English because you like to analyze literary texts?

Keep in mind that there's no right or wrong answer when it comes to choosing your Extended Essay topic. You're not more likely to get high marks because you're writing about science, just like you're not doomed to failure because you've chosen to tackle the social sciences. The quality of what you produce—not the field you choose to research within—will determine your grade.

Once you've figured out your category, you should brainstorm more specific topics by putting pen to paper . What was your favorite chapter you learned in that class? Was it astrophysics or mechanics? What did you like about that specific chapter? Is there something you want to learn more about? I recommend spending a few hours on this type of brainstorming.

One last note: if you're truly stumped on what to research, pick a topic that will help you in your future major or career . That way you can use your Extended Essay as a talking point in your college essays (and it will prepare you for your studies to come too!).

#2: Select a Topic That Is Neither Too Broad nor Too Narrow

There's a fine line between broad and narrow. You need to write about something specific, but not so specific that you can't write 4,000 words on it.

You can't write about WWII because that would be a book's worth of material. You also don't want to write about what type of soup prisoners of war received behind enemy lines, because you probably won’t be able to come up with 4,000 words of material about it. However, you could possibly write about how the conditions in German POW camps—and the rations provided—were directly affected by the Nazis' successes and failures on the front, including the use of captured factories and prison labor in Eastern Europe to increase production. WWII military history might be a little overdone, but you get my point.

If you're really stuck trying to pinpoint a not-too-broad-or-too-narrow topic, I suggest trying to brainstorm a topic that uses a comparison. Once you begin looking through the list of sample essays below, you'll notice that many use comparisons to formulate their main arguments.

I also used a comparison in my EE, contrasting Harold Pinter's Party Time with John Osborne's Look Back in Anger in order to show a transition in British theatre. Topics with comparisons of two to three plays, books, and so on tend to be the sweet spot. You can analyze each item and then compare them with one another after doing some in-depth analysis of each individually. The ways these items compare and contrast will end up forming the thesis of your essay!

When choosing a comparative topic, the key is that the comparison should be significant. I compared two plays to illustrate the transition in British theatre, but you could compare the ways different regional dialects affect people's job prospects or how different temperatures may or may not affect the mating patterns of lightning bugs. The point here is that comparisons not only help you limit your topic, but they also help you build your argument.

Comparisons are not the only way to get a grade-A EE, though. If after brainstorming, you pick a non-comparison-based topic and are still unsure whether your topic is too broad or narrow, spend about 30 minutes doing some basic research and see how much material is out there.

If there are more than 1,000 books, articles, or documentaries out there on that exact topic, it may be too broad. But if there are only two books that have any connection to your topic, it may be too narrow. If you're still unsure, ask your advisor—it's what they're there for! Speaking of advisors...

Don't get stuck with a narrow topic!

#3: Choose an Advisor Who Is Familiar With Your Topic

If you're not certain of who you would like to be your advisor, create a list of your top three choices. Next, write down the pros and cons of each possibility (I know this sounds tedious, but it really helps!).

For example, Mr. Green is my favorite teacher and we get along really well, but he teaches English. For my EE, I want to conduct an experiment that compares the efficiency of American electric cars with foreign electric cars.

I had Ms. White a year ago. She teaches physics and enjoyed having me in her class. Unlike Mr. Green, Ms. White could help me design my experiment.

Based on my topic and what I need from my advisor, Ms. White would be a better fit for me than would Mr. Green (even though I like him a lot).

The moral of my story is this: do not just ask your favorite teacher to be your advisor . They might be a hindrance to you if they teach another subject. For example, I would not recommend asking your biology teacher to guide you in writing an English literature-based EE.

There can, of course, be exceptions to this rule. If you have a teacher who's passionate and knowledgeable about your topic (as my English teacher was about my theatre topic), you could ask that instructor. Consider all your options before you do this. There was no theatre teacher at my high school, so I couldn't find a theatre-specific advisor, but I chose the next best thing.

Before you approach a teacher to serve as your advisor, check with your high school to see what requirements they have for this process. Some IB high schools require your IB Extended Essay advisor to sign an Agreement Form , for instance.

Make sure that you ask your IB coordinator whether there is any required paperwork to fill out. If your school needs a specific form signed, bring it with you when you ask your teacher to be your EE advisor.

#4: Pick an Advisor Who Will Push You to Be Your Best

Some teachers might just take on students because they have to and aren't very passionate about reading drafts, only giving you minimal feedback. Choose a teacher who will take the time to read several drafts of your essay and give you extensive notes. I would not have gotten my A without being pushed to make my Extended Essay draft better.

Ask a teacher that you have experience with through class or an extracurricular activity. Do not ask a teacher that you have absolutely no connection to. If a teacher already knows you, that means they already know your strengths and weaknesses, so they know what to look for, where you need to improve, and how to encourage your best work.

Also, don't forget that your supervisor's assessment is part of your overall EE score . If you're meeting with someone who pushes you to do better—and you actually take their advice—they'll have more impressive things to say about you than a supervisor who doesn't know you well and isn't heavily involved in your research process.

Be aware that the IB only allows advisors to make suggestions and give constructive criticism. Your teacher cannot actually help you write your EE. The IB recommends that the supervisor spends approximately two to three hours in total with the candidate discussing the EE.

#5: Make Sure Your Essay Has a Clear Structure and Flow

The IB likes structure. Your EE needs a clear introduction (which should be one to two double-spaced pages), research question/focus (i.e., what you're investigating), a body, and a conclusion (about one double-spaced page). An essay with unclear organization will be graded poorly.

The body of your EE should make up the bulk of the essay. It should be about eight to 18 pages long (again, depending on your topic). Your body can be split into multiple parts. For example, if you were doing a comparison, you might have one third of your body as Novel A Analysis, another third as Novel B Analysis, and the final third as your comparison of Novels A and B.

If you're conducting an experiment or analyzing data, such as in this EE , your EE body should have a clear structure that aligns with the scientific method ; you should state the research question, discuss your method, present the data, analyze the data, explain any uncertainties, and draw a conclusion and/or evaluate the success of the experiment.

#6: Start Writing Sooner Rather Than Later!

You will not be able to crank out a 4,000-word essay in just a week and get an A on it. You'll be reading many, many articles (and, depending on your topic, possibly books and plays as well!). As such, it's imperative that you start your research as soon as possible.

Each school has a slightly different deadline for the Extended Essay. Some schools want them as soon as November of your senior year; others will take them as late as February. Your school will tell you what your deadline is. If they haven't mentioned it by February of your junior year, ask your IB coordinator about it.

Some high schools will provide you with a timeline of when you need to come up with a topic, when you need to meet with your advisor, and when certain drafts are due. Not all schools do this. Ask your IB coordinator if you are unsure whether you are on a specific timeline.

Below is my recommended EE timeline. While it's earlier than most schools, it'll save you a ton of heartache (trust me, I remember how hard this process was!):

• January/February of Junior Year: Come up with your final research topic (or at least your top three options).
• February of Junior Year: Approach a teacher about being your EE advisor. If they decline, keep asking others until you find one. See my notes above on how to pick an EE advisor.
• April/May of Junior Year: Submit an outline of your EE and a bibliography of potential research sources (I recommend at least seven to 10) to your EE advisor. Meet with your EE advisor to discuss your outline.
• Summer Between Junior and Senior Year: Complete your first full draft over the summer between your junior and senior year. I know, I know—no one wants to work during the summer, but trust me—this will save you so much stress come fall when you are busy with college applications and other internal assessments for your IB classes. You will want to have this first full draft done because you will want to complete a couple of draft cycles as you likely won't be able to get everything you want to say into 4,000 articulate words on the first attempt. Try to get this first draft into the best possible shape so you don't have to work on too many revisions during the school year on top of your homework, college applications, and extracurriculars.
• August/September of Senior Year: Turn in your first draft of your EE to your advisor and receive feedback. Work on incorporating their feedback into your essay. If they have a lot of suggestions for improvement, ask if they will read one more draft before the final draft.
• September/October of Senior Year: Submit the second draft of your EE to your advisor (if necessary) and look at their feedback. Work on creating the best possible final draft.
• November-February of Senior Year: Schedule your viva voce. Submit two copies of your final draft to your school to be sent off to the IB. You likely will not get your grade until after you graduate.

Remember that in the middle of these milestones, you'll need to schedule two other reflection sessions with your advisor . (Your teachers will actually take notes on these sessions on a form like this one , which then gets submitted to the IB.)

I recommend doing them when you get feedback on your drafts, but these meetings will ultimately be up to your supervisor. Just don't forget to do them!

The early bird DOES get the worm!

How Is the IB Extended Essay Graded?

Extended Essays are graded by examiners appointed by the IB on a scale of 0 to 34 . You'll be graded on five criteria, each with its own set of points. You can learn more about how EE scoring works by reading the IB guide to extended essays .

• Criterion A: Focus and Method (6 points maximum)
• Criterion B: Knowledge and Understanding (6 points maximum)
• Criterion C: Critical Thinking (12 points maximum)
• Criterion D: Presentation (4 points maximum)
• Criterion E: Engagement (6 points maximum)

How well you do on each of these criteria will determine the final letter grade you get for your EE. You must earn at least a D to be eligible to receive your IB Diploma.

Although each criterion has a point value, the IB explicitly states that graders are not converting point totals into grades; instead, they're using qualitative grade descriptors to determine the final grade of your Extended Essay . Grade descriptors are on pages 102-103 of this document .

Here's a rough estimate of how these different point values translate to letter grades based on previous scoring methods for the EE. This is just an estimate —you should read and understand the grade descriptors so you know exactly what the scorers are looking for.

Here is the breakdown of EE scores (from the May 2021 bulletin):

How Does the Extended Essay Grade Affect Your IB Diploma?

The Extended Essay grade is combined with your TOK (Theory of Knowledge) grade to determine how many points you get toward your IB Diploma.

To learn about Theory of Knowledge or how many points you need to receive an IB Diploma, read our complete guide to the IB program and our guide to the IB Diploma requirements .

This diagram shows how the two scores are combined to determine how many points you receive for your IB diploma (3 being the most, 0 being the least). In order to get your IB Diploma, you have to earn 24 points across both categories (the TOK and EE). The highest score anyone can earn is 45 points.

Let's say you get an A on your EE and a B on TOK. You will get 3 points toward your Diploma. As of 2014, a student who scores an E on either the extended essay or TOK essay will not be eligible to receive an IB Diploma .

Prior to the class of 2010, a Diploma candidate could receive a failing grade in either the Extended Essay or Theory of Knowledge and still be awarded a Diploma, but this is no longer true.

Figuring out how you're assessed can be a little tricky. Luckily, the IB breaks everything down here in this document . (The assessment information begins on page 219.)

40+ Sample Extended Essays for the IB Diploma Programme

In case you want a little more guidance on how to get an A on your EE, here are over 40 excellent (grade A) sample extended essays for your reading pleasure. Essays are grouped by IB subject.

• Business Management 1
• Chemistry 1
• Chemistry 2
• Chemistry 3
• Chemistry 4
• Chemistry 5
• Chemistry 6
• Chemistry 7
• Computer Science 1
• Economics 1
• Design Technology 1
• Design Technology 2
• Environmental Systems and Societies 1
• Geography 1
• Geography 2
• Geography 3
• Geography 4
• Geography 5
• Geography 6
• Literature and Performance 1
• Mathematics 1
• Mathematics 2
• Mathematics 3
• Mathematics 4
• Mathematics 5
• Philosophy 1
• Philosophy 2
• Philosophy 3
• Philosophy 4
• Philosophy 5
• Psychology 1
• Psychology 2
• Psychology 3
• Psychology 4
• Psychology 5
• Social and Cultural Anthropology 1
• Social and Cultural Anthropology 2
• Social and Cultural Anthropology 3
• Sports, Exercise and Health Science 1
• Sports, Exercise and Health Science 2
• Visual Arts 1
• Visual Arts 2
• Visual Arts 3
• Visual Arts 4
• Visual Arts 5
• World Religion 1
• World Religion 2
• World Religion 3

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Extended essay

The extended essay is an independent, self-directed piece of research, finishing with a 4,000-word paper.

One component of the International Baccalaureate® (IB) Diploma Programme (DP) core, the extended essay is mandatory for all students.

Read about the extended essay  in greater detail.

You can also read about how the IB sets deadlines for the extended essay , find examples of extended essay titles from previous DP students and learn about the world studies extended essay .

Learn more about the extended essay in a DP workshop for teachers . 

DP subject briefs

Find out about what each subject offers within the Diploma Programme (DP).

Our DP subject briefs—for both standard and higher level—contain information about core requirements, aims and assessment.

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100 IB Extended Essay Topic Ideas!

One of the biggest keys to the Extended Essay is choosing which subject you want to write your work in and developing that crucial research question. Read on to find inspiration for topics across a wide range of subjects.

Extended Essay: The Love/Hate aspect of the IB

One of the biggest keys to the Extended Essay is choosing which subject you want to write your work in and developing that crucial research question. Annoyingly, coming up with that idea and research question can be the toughest part of the entire process. Writing 4,000 words about something you are interested in is a big ask and it often feels impossible to narrow down your thoughts. To make everything super clear, here are 100 Extended Essay Topics for you to draw inspiration from! Use these as a springboard to create your own research question !

Get Support from A Top Tutor Today

At Lanterna we have over 300 tutors who smashed their Extended Essay. They know exactly how to get an A in your EE and can give you tips and tricks on how you can do the same. What are you waiting for? Get your own tutor today !

How to Begin Your IB Extended Essay

To make everything super clear, here are 100 Extended Essay Topics for you to draw inspiration from! Use these as a springboard to  create your own research question !

Get Support from a Top Tutor Today

At Lanterna, we have over 300 tutors who smashed their Extended Essay. They know exactly how to get an A in your EE and can give you tips and tricks on how you can do the same. What are you waiting for? Get your own tutor today!

10 Steps to Writing an Extended Essay

Before we look at specific topics for your essay, let’s recap the 10-steps you’ll need to follow to complete your extended essay.

1. Define the Topic and Draft the Research Question

2. Create a Timeline

3. Identify and gather Sources

4. Set Deadlines

5. Plan the structure according to the total word count

6. Evaluate

7. independent Research

8. Write the extended essay draft

10. Present

By following the steps above, you should be able to produce a logical and coherent rationale to follow when writing the extended essay for your IB diploma programme.

By starting with a solid research question, you’ll be able to put an extended essay of global significance together, from the research and writing process all the way through to your final submission with a favourable extended essay grade.

Below, we’re sharing 10 topics across 10 subjects to inspire your next IB extended essay.

1. How the change of habitat affects an X organism?

2. How does climate affect the growth of X plant?

3. Can photosynthesis take place without sunlight?

4. What is the effect of age and gender on the photoreceptor cells in the human retina?

5. How is climate change impacting the appearance of coral reefs?

6. An evaluation of how  antioxidants  work in our bodies?

7. Does hand sanitizer, hand soap or antibacterial wipes have the greatest ability to inhibit the growth of E. Coli?

8. To what extent do live cultures in yogurts/milk/other dairy products reduce the concentration of lactose present over the course of a 2 hour incubation period at x°C?

9. What is the relationship between  population density  between X and population size of X?

10. What is the relationship between indoleacetic acid, a growth hormone, and the growth of X (a crop)?

11. How does human influence impact an aquatic ecosystem?

12. How can one organize a pollution check along a X canal in X?

13. What is the effect of the increased ecological footprint in the  Amazon ?

14. What are the forest and woodland restoration in Siberia, Russia and which one is most effective?

15. How does human interference cause ecological imbalances in an X city/country/continent?

16. What is the impact of urban development on the  bee population  in X city?

17. What are the differences in the conversation efforts in Yosemite National Park (California, USA) and the Lake District National Park (UK)?

18. To what extent have healthcare policies in X country influenced their human population curve?

19. How have changes in environmental systems influenced the value system of X country?

20. How has X landfill site affected the surrounding terrestrial ecosystem?

21. What is the profitability of  airline companies ?

22. How does unemployment affect the market?

23. Why did X recession occur?

24. How did the financial Policy affect the economy in X?

25. How effective are government policies in reducing overconsumption of alcohol (specifically hard liquor)?

26. To what extent are public buses and subways substitute goods in a country?

27. How did the tax reform in country x affect its growth and development? (many countries to choose from)

28. To what extent was weak government policy responsible for the Latin American financial crisis of 1997?

29. How effective is the  Big Mac Index  in measuring purchasing power parity?

30. To what extent would the UK suffer from leaving the European Customs Union if Brexit happens?

31. Is there an association between viewing violence on television and the display of violent acts?

32. What motivational climate should a coach employ in order to achieve optimal performance in athletes?

33. How does  X hormone affect human behavior ?

34. Compare theories explaining altruism in human behaviour

35. Discuss short-term and long-term consequences of exposure to violence

36. Why do relationships change or end?

37. Discuss how  social variables (poverty, parenting, educational environment) may the affect cognitive environment.

38. To what extent do mirror neurons play a role in empathy? (2014)

39. To what extent does Mindfulness help people cope with General Anxiety Disorder (GAD)?

40. To what extent is drug therapy effective in the treatment of bipolar disorder?

41. Does the British Parliamentary reforms act of 1832 deserve its title as the great reform act?

42. To what extent are there similarities in Hitler and Mussolini’s Rise to Power?

43. To what extent did Mao’s tackle the problems which he faced?

44. Was Tsar Alexander II of Russia reforms a success or failure?

45. To what extent was the bombing of Dresden in 1945 justifiable?

46. To what extent can  Sweden be considered neutral during WWII ?

47. The impact of structural economic weakness on the collapse of the Soviet Union.

48. How were women treated differently in 1920s and 1950s Great Britain?

49. Why did Israel win the  Six Day War  of 1967?

50. What role did economics play in the unification of Germany from 1834 to 1871?

English Literature

51. What are the Compare and Contrast Jane Austen Books?

52. How does Joseph Conrad’s portray Racism in A Heart of Darkness?

53. How does Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman critique today’s capitalist society? The American Dream?

54. To what extent does Chris McCandless in Jon Krakauer’s Into the Wild escape familial influence?

55. What are the similarities and differences between J.K. Rowling’s characterization of Severus Snape in Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows?

56. How does Yaa Gyasi use structure in her novel Homegoing to portray the evolution of time?

57. What is the impact of the social context on Holden Caufield and Huckleberry Finn?

58. How does Sylvia Path’s use of Inanimate objects in Bell Jar?

59. How is the empowerment of Feminine portrayed in the Lord of the Rings?

60. Compare the political rhetoric as used in the inaugural addresses of George W. Bush, Barack Obama, and Donald Trump.

61. The design, construction and calibration of an apparatus for measuring lipid concentration in milk.

62. What is the effect of a change in the optimal lift on the horizontal gliding distance of an aircraft?

63. How does the sugar concentration affect the refractive index of water?

64. How does temperature affect the viscosity of X juice/soda?

65. Is the relationship between temperature and conductivity and insulators and conductors?

66. What is the Oberth Effect?

67. What is the temperature dependence of work performed on an AA battery?

68. How can the rotational frequency of a fan driven by a flame measure distance?

69. Do wine bottles of different shapes behave as Helmholtz resonators?

70. How does the diameter of a wheel affect stability in different weather conditions?

71. What factors influence the location of industries in country/city X?

72. An investigation into the significance of preserving the quality of water in a continent/country/city?

73. An investigation into the degree to which City X can be considered a Sustainable City/Community.

74. To what extent is Biodiversity being managed successfully in city X?

75. To what extent does the education and employment of women affect Country x’s fertility rate?

76. To what extent do gender, educational attainment, and working parameters influence obesity risk?

77. To what extent has urban development affected human thermal comfort levels in Country/city x (a country/city that has developed in a rapid rate over the past decades)?

78. To what extent is the Company x corporate waste management program effective, demonstrating environmental sustainability?

79. To what extent is biodiversity being managed successfully at National Park X?

80. What types of urban design encourage high rates of vandalism in X neighbourhoods?

81. The kinetics of Enzymatic Reactions.

82. How do Iron Intake Diets differ in X country?

83. What are the different factors that affect the iodine values in cooking oils?

84. What is the effect of standing time and temperate on the acid content in X juice or soda?

85. Can caffeine in tea or coffee be reduced?

86. What is the effect of temperature on the souring of milk?

87. What are the sources of error in calorimetry?

88. Does brushing your teeth affect the pH in your mouth after eating?

89. How does changing the concentration of the reagents affect the formation and spacing between Liesehang rings in the reaction between X chloride and X when conducted in a test tube?

90. What effect does the coating of aspirin tablets have on the hydrolysis of aspirin?

Social and Cultural Anthropology

91. How clothing relates to the cultural anthropology of X culture.

92. The extent to which social media networks affect different societies.

93. The relationship between ritual, myths and faith in an X society.

94. The history of rituals in X culture.

95. How different marriage rituals inform the cultural anthropology of X culture.

96. Climate change and its impact on the evolution of different creatures on the planet.

97. Understanding the social and cultural anthropology of the supernatural in X culture.

98. An analysis of body modification in relation to social and cultural anthropology.

100. Chaste systems and social ranks in societies.

There are so many class subjects that can form the basis of your extended essay, including these popular six subjects:

– Information technology

– Computer science

– Health science

– World studies

– Visual arts

– Business management

Extended essays are a great way to improve your writing skills in academic writing. Essays of a high standard that demonstrate critical thinking and in depth analysis can be submitted to academic journals. These have the potential to reach the global society.

Start Writing Your Extended Essay Topic

We hope this gave you some great inspiration for the variation of topics available for your Extended Essay . The research question you select is what will carry you through the entire process, so be sure to choose wisely!

Remember, if you are looking for more help with your Extended Essay, make sure to check out our guide which will tell you exactly how to plan, structure, research and write your Extended Essay!

Grab Free Extended Essay Resources!

No matter the subject groups in your diploma program, we’re here to help all of our IB students. Whether you’re writing about social and cultural anthropology, business management, design technology, or scientific methods for your IB diploma, Lanterna has you covered.

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• Extended Essay - Options and Possible Essay Titles

This page sets out some example Extended Essay Options as well as providing comprehensive list of possible subject areasIt is important that the topic of the essay has a geographical focus rather than another subject. The scope of the study should allow students to develop appropriate geographical sources and the application of relevant geographical concepts, theories or ideas. The essay topic can be directly linked...

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IB Geography Extended Essay Topics

Table of contents

• Writing Metier

Welcome to our comprehensive guide on “Geography Extended Essay Topics” for all you aspiring geographers out there. My team of IB experts from Writing Metier has collected this list for all the IB students who are currently searching for inspiration or exact ideas. Hence, if you’re passionate about exploring the complexities of our world, you’re in the right place. 

In this article, we’ll delve into a variety of intriguing topics that span across transportation, rural landscapes, health, politics, tourism, disaster management, and water resources.  

Below, you will find a more detailed explanation of each category of Geography extended essay topics we will cover in this read.

Transportation Geography

• Urban Transportation Networks : Examining the development and impacts of transportation networks in urban areas.
• Sustainable Transportation : Investigating strategies for promoting sustainable transportation modes.
• Transportation and Economic Development : Analyzing the relationship between transportation infrastructure and economic development.

Rural Geography

• Rural Depopulation : Exploring the causes and consequences of depopulation in rural areas.
• Agricultural Diversification : Investigating the impact of agricultural diversification on rural economies.
• Rural Tourism : Examining the effects of tourism on rural communities and landscapes.

Health Geography

• Spatial Patterns of Disease : Analyzing the spatial distribution of diseases and their determinants.
• Access to Healthcare : Investigating disparities in access to healthcare services.
• Health Impacts of Environmental Factors : Examining the relationship between environmental factors and health outcomes.

Political Geography

• Geopolitical Conflicts : Investigating the geographical dimensions of international conflicts.
• Electoral Geography : Analyzing the spatial patterns of voting behavior and political representation.
• Borderlands and Identity : Exploring the impact of borders on cultural and political identities.

Tourism Geography

• Sustainable Tourism : Evaluating the principles and practices of sustainable tourism.
• Tourism and Cultural Exchange : Investigating the impacts of tourism on cultural exchange and understanding.
• Ecotourism : Examining the benefits and challenges of ecotourism in conservation areas.

Disaster Management and Resilience

• Natural Disasters and Vulnerability : Analyzing the factors that contribute to vulnerability to natural disasters.
• Disaster Risk Reduction : Investigating strategies for reducing the risk and impact of disasters.
• Community Resilience : Examining the factors that contribute to community resilience in the face of disasters.

Water Resources

• Water Scarcity : Investigating the causes and impacts of water scarcity in a specific region.
• Integrated Water Resource Management : Evaluating the effectiveness of integrated water resource management approaches.
• Transboundary Water Conflicts : Analyzing the geopolitical dimensions of transboundary water conflicts and cooperation.

Don’t be stuck in a rut ! Whether you’re fascinated by the dynamics of urban transportation networks, curious about the effects of rural depopulation, or eager to understand the geopolitical dimensions of international conflicts, we’ve got you covered. 

Our goal is to ignite your curiosity and provide you with a wealth of ideas to kickstart your research . So, grab your map, and let’s start this exciting adventure through the diverse and captivating world of geography!

List of IB Geography EE Topics and RQs

Let’s start with a list of working Geography extended essay topics and research questions.

Let’s start with Transportation Geography, where we’ll explore how transportation networks shape our cities and impact our lives. From urban planning to economic growth , we’ll dive into the fascinating world of movement and connectivity.

Urban Transportation Networks

• Research Question: How have bike-sharing programs influenced commuting patterns and urban mobility in major cities?
• Research Question: To what extent has the expansion of public transportation systems reduced traffic congestion in metropolitan areas?
• Research Question: How has the introduction of light rail transit systems affected urban development and land use patterns in cities?

Sustainable Transportation

• Research Question: How effective are carpooling initiatives in reducing carbon emissions and promoting sustainable transportation?
• Research Question: To what extent can the adoption of electric vehicles contribute to sustainable transportation in urban areas?
• Research Question: How does the pedestrianization of city centers affect urban sustainability and the quality of life for residents?

Transportation and Economic Development

• Research Question: What are the economic impacts of high-speed rail on regional development and connectivity?
• Research Question: How does port infrastructure development contribute to economic growth and trade in coastal regions?
• Research Question: How does the development of transportation infrastructure influence tourism growth in remote destinations?

Here, we’ll delve into the unique challenges and opportunities of rural areas. From depopulation to agricultural diversification , we’ll uncover the dynamics of rural life and landscapes.

Rural Depopulation

• Research Question: What are the main causes of rural depopulation in mountainous regions, and what are its socio-economic consequences?
• Research Question: What strategies have been successful in counteracting rural depopulation in agricultural communities?
• Research Question: How does rural depopulation affect the preservation of cultural heritage in traditional villages?

Agricultural Diversification

• Research Question: How does the adoption of organic farming practices contribute to agricultural diversification and sustainability in rural areas?
• Research Question: To what extent does agrotourism contribute to economic diversification and resilience in rural communities?
• Research Question: How does crop diversification affect soil health and agricultural productivity in smallholder farms?

Rural Tourism

• Research Question: How does rural tourism contribute to the preservation of traditional lifestyles and cultural heritage in rural areas?
• Research Question: What are the economic and environmental impacts of rural tourism development in ecologically sensitive areas?
• Research Question: How does community involvement in rural tourism planning and management influence the success and sustainability of tourism initiatives?

In Health Geography, we’re going to examine how health and well-being are influenced by where we live.

We’ll look at spatial patterns of diseases, access to healthcare, and the environmental factors affecting our health.

Spatial Patterns of Disease

• Research Question: What are the spatial patterns of malaria incidence in Sub-Saharan Africa, and what factors contribute to these patterns?
• Research Question: How does urbanization influence the spread of infectious diseases in developing countries?
• Research Question: How is climate change affecting the geographical distribution of vector-borne diseases, such as dengue fever and Zika virus?

Access to Healthcare

• Research Question: How does access to healthcare services impact maternal health outcomes in rural regions?
• Research Question: To what extent does telemedicine improve healthcare access and outcomes in remote and underserved areas?
• Research Question: What are the spatial disparities in access to mental health services, and what are the implications for public health policy?

This section is all about understanding the geographical dimensions of power and politics . From geopolitical conflicts to electoral geography, we’ll explore how space and politics intersect.

Geopolitical Conflicts

• Research Question: How do natural resources influence geopolitical conflicts and power dynamics in the Middle East?
• Research Question: How do geopolitical conflicts affect refugee migration patterns and the spatial distribution of refugee populations?
• Research Question: What are the geopolitical implications of the South China Sea dispute for regional stability and international relations?

Electoral Geography

• Research Question: What are the spatial patterns of voting behavior in recent presidential elections, and what factors contribute to these patterns?
• Research Question: How does gerrymandering affect electoral outcomes and political representation in legislative districts?
• Research Question: How does urbanization influence electoral geography and voting behavior in urban vs. rural areas?

Borderlands and Identity

• Research Question: How do borders and borderlands contribute to the formation and expression of national identity?
• Research Question: How does cross-border migration affect cultural identity and social integration in border regions?
• Research Question: How have border disputes and ethnic divisions contributed to conflict and political instability in the Balkans?

In Tourism Geography, we’ll dive into the world of travel and its impacts on places and cultures. We’ll explore sustainable tourism , cultural exchange, and the challenges and opportunities of ecotourism.

Sustainable Tourism

• Research Question: How effective are eco-labels in encouraging sustainable tourism practices among hotels and resorts?
• Research Question: How does community-based sustainable tourism contribute to economic development and environmental conservation in rural areas?
• Research Question: How does sustainable tourism contribute to biodiversity conservation in protected areas?

Tourism and Cultural Exchange

• Research Question: How do cultural festivals promote tourism and cultural exchange, and what are their impacts on local communities?
• Research Question: How does social media influence tourism and cultural perceptions among international travelers?
• Research Question: How does heritage tourism contribute to the preservation and promotion of cultural heritage sites?
• Research Question: How does ecotourism support conservation efforts and sustainable development in protected areas?
• Research Question: What are the social and environmental impacts of ecotourism on local communities and ecosystems?
• Research Question: What are the opportunities and challenges of ecotourism for indigenous peoples and their traditional lands?

Here, we’ll tackle the critical issues of natural disasters, risk reduction, and community resilience.

We’ll explore strategies to prepare for and recover from disasters, ensuring safer and more resilient communities .

Natural Disasters and Vulnerability

• Research Question: What factors contribute to the vulnerability of coastal communities to tsunamis, and how can they be mitigated?
• Research Question: How does climate change affect the frequency and severity of natural disasters, such as hurricanes and floods?
• Research Question: How can earthquake vulnerability be assessed and reduced in densely populated urban areas?

Disaster Risk Reduction

• Research Question: How effective are early warning systems in reducing disaster risk and enhancing community preparedness?
• Research Question: How does land use planning contribute to disaster risk reduction and resilience in hazard-prone areas?
• Research Question: How does disaster risk reduction education impact community resilience and preparedness for natural disasters?

Community Resilience

• Research Question: What strategies can be implemented to build community resilience to flooding in urban areas?
• Topic:The Role of Social Capital in Enhancing Community Resilience to Disasters
• Research Question: How does social capital contribute to community resilience in the aftermath of natural disasters?
• Research Question: How do community-based approaches contribute to enhancing resilience to climate change impacts, such as droughts and heatwaves?

In Water Resources, we’re going to investigate the vital topic of water in our world. From water scarcity to integrated management and transboundary conflicts, we’ll explore the challenges and solutions for sustainable water use.

Water Scarcity

• Research Question: How do agricultural practices contribute to water scarcity in arid regions, and what sustainable solutions can be implemented?
• Research Question: What urban water management strategies are effective in addressing water scarcity in rapidly growing cities?
• Research Question: How effective is desalination as a solution to water scarcity in coastal areas, and what are its environmental impacts?

Integrated Water Resource Management

• Research Question: How effective is integrated water resource management in achieving sustainable water use in river basins?
• Research Question: How does stakeholder participation influence the success of integrated water resource management initiatives?
• Research Question: How can integrated water resource management contribute to climate change adaptation in water-scarce regions?

Transboundary Water Conflicts

• Research Question: What are the geopolitical factors driving transboundary water conflicts in the Nile River Basin, and how can they be resolved?
• Research Question: How effective is international water law in resolving transboundary water disputes and promoting cooperation?
• Research Question: How does transboundary water management promote cooperation and sustainable development in the Mekong River Basin?

And there you have it, folks! A diverse array of Geography Extended Essay topics to fuel your passion for exploration and discovery. As you dive into your research , remember that geography is not just about maps and landscapes; it’s a lens through which we can understand the intricate relationships between people, places, and the environment. 

Choose an extended essay topic that resonates with you, and don’t be afraid to venture into uncharted territories. With dedication, creativity, and a keen eye for detail, you’re well on your way to crafting an insightful and impactful extended essay.

AND ALWAYS remember – Writing Metier is here to help you out with topic suggestions or with writing your Geography EE from scratch and plagiarism-free.

Free topic suggestions

Vasy kafidoff.

Vasyl Kafidoff is a co-founder and CEO at WritingMetier. He is interested in education and how modern technology makes it more accessible. He wants to bring awareness about new learning possibilities as an educational specialist. When Vasy is not working, he’s found behind a drum kit.

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• IB DP Geography concepts
• Geographic themes [Paper 1]
• Core: Global change [Paper 2]
• Higher Level: Global interactions [Paper 3]
• IB DP Geography Key Terms
• IB DP Geography Exam style questions
• IB DP Geography Geographic Skills
• IB DP Geography Visual Stimulus
• IB DP Geography Approaches to learning skills
• IB DP Geography Exam preparation
• IB DP Geography Revision
• IB DP Geography Internal Assessment
• IB DP Geography Extended Essay

Developing your extended essay research question

• Producing an extended essay outline
• Geography extended essay methodology
• Structuring your Geography extended essay
• Reflections for the Planning and Progress Form
• Geography extended essay assessment

This process will help ensure you are planning an Extended Essay that is achievable and will allow you to access the highest grades.

Before you start

• Read a previous, quality Geography extended essay? (Available from the school library or teacher)
• Make sure you understand what to do, and ask your supervisor for help if you aren’t sure.

You are going to create a research question, a title and a substantial secondary data set or primary data collection plan.

What interests you?

The first step is to brainstorm all the ideas that you have the things that interest you. When you add something to your brainstorm think... 'is this worth asking?'

What is the big idea? This is the concept and the IBDP Geography course provides you with the 4Ps: Place, Process, Power and Possibility. Although you don’t need to think of how your title fits exactly with the 4Ps, it can help to think from this point of view. Alternatively you could think about themes: social, economic, environmental, demographic, political, spatial or temporal.

You could construct your brainstorm on paper (get yourself a large sheet) or using a digital app.

Your research question

A research question tells the reader the way in which you plan to analyse an issue.

The research question must be sharply focused and effective treatment must be possible within 4000 words, such as “To what extent does the quality of life in selected communes in the city of Geneva vary with distance from Lake Leman”.

• Is it obviously a Geography Extended Essay? If not - refine it
• Is it spatially (place) focused? If not - refine it
• Is it worth asking? If not - refine it
• Is it sharply focused? If not - refine it
• Does it encourage an investigative approach? If not - refine it
• Can geographical concepts, theories or ideas be applied to it? If not - refine it
• Will it encourage written analysis, interpretation, evaluation and the development of an argument? If not - refine it
• Is it phrased as a proposition, statement for discussion or a testable hypothesis? If not - refine it
• Is it answerable in 40 hours of work / 4000 words of writing? If not - refine it

Watch this video from the University of Melbourne about research questions. It is not specifically produced for the Extended Essay but it still provides lots of great advice.

Time for Geography - What makes a good research question?

You need to have a ‘title’ that frames your Extended Essay, such as “Differences in quality of life in the city of Geneva, Switzerland”.

A title is a simple statement that summarises the main issue and location that you will study. It is not phrased as a question. It tells the reader what your essay is about.

Evidence of a substantial secondary data set or primary data collection plan

Before your title and research question will be agreed by your supervisor it is necessary to demonstrate that you have access to enough substantial secondary data or that you have a practical and efficient primary data collection scheme planned.

If you are using secondary data as the basis of your Extended Essay you need to be able to ‘add value’ to it by analysing it, interpreting it, graphing and/or mapping it.

If you are using primary data as the basis of your Extended Essay you need to outline what data you are going to collect, the data collection techniques you will be using and the location of your data collection sites.

Please demonstrate the above to your supervisor! Good luck!

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IB Extended Essay Topics: Geography

Choosing the right topic for your IB DP Geography extended essay can seem daunting. However, with a little guidance and insider knowledge, this task can transform from a formidable challenge into an exciting opportunity to showcase your passion for this subject. Today, I’m here to share some invaluable insights that can make your Geography extended essay stand out.

5. Consult with Your Supervisor

Understanding the geography extended essay.

First, let’s clarify what the Geography extended essay involves. This significant component of the IB DP curriculum offers a unique opportunity to conduct extensive research on a topic that sparks your interest within the broad and dynamic field. According to the general IB criteria, your essay should showcase extensive research and evidence of your capacity to connect coherent, well-founded arguments.

Significantly, ensuring that your chosen topic aligns with the IB Geography syllabus is crucial. It guarantees that your research remains relevant and adheres to the rigorous standards set by the International Baccalaureate Organization. Based on my experience and IB guidelines, here are key aspects that your Geography extended essay should cover:

• Formulate a straightforward, focused research question that guides your investigation. The question should be specific, researchable, and grounded in geographical theory.
• Use various research methods, including primary and secondary data collection. It could range from fieldwork and surveys to analyzing geographical data and reviewing relevant literature.
• Analyze the collected data using appropriate geographical techniques. Depending on your topic, this might involve statistical analysis, mapping, or thematic analysis.
• Develop a coherent argument that is directly related to your research question. Use the data and findings from your research to support your arguments and conclusions.
• Reflect on the research process, including the successes and challenges you encountered. This reflection should demonstrate your growth as a researcher and understanding of the geographical concepts and theories applied.

In addition, it’s essential to engage critically with your topic, offering not just descriptions but also insightful analyses and evaluations.

How to Choose a Topic for a Geography Extended Essay?

Choosing a topic for your IB Geography extended essay can feel like standing at a crossroads, with numerous paths before you, each leading to its unique destination. Based on my experience and that of others, here’s a guide to help you with this crucial decision-making process.

1. Identify Your Interests

First and foremost, reflect on the aspects of geography that genuinely spark your curiosity. Is it the intricate dance between human societies and their environments, the raw power of natural processes, or the innovative strategies for sustainable development? Your topic should ignite your passion and sustain it throughout the research process. As I know from experience, choosing a topic close to your heart makes the extended essay more fulfilling.

2. Scope and Feasibility

Once you’ve determined your area of interest, the following step is to ensure your topic is doable. An ideal topic is like a focused beam of light: concentrated and strong. It should be limited enough to allow for in-depth study within the extended essay’s 4,000-word limit while being wide enough to guarantee you have adequate material and resources.

Conduct a preliminary investigation to determine the availability of data and resources. According to my experience, this phase is critical in avoiding the problem of selecting a topic that appears good on the surface but turns out to be excessively broad or data-poor.

3. Alignment with the IB Syllabus

Your topic should resonate with the themes and concepts outlined in the IB Geography syllabus. This alignment ensures that your essay is relevant and allows you to apply and extend the knowledge you’ve acquired during your course. Diп into the syllabus and identify areas that intersect with your interests. This process can spark ideas for an intriguing research question grounded in geographical theory and principles.

4. Originality and Perspective

Seek to add a unique twist or look at your topic from a fresh angle. The IB values originality and critical thinking, so consider bringing a new perspective to your chosen study area. It could involve comparing different geographical contexts, applying a new methodology to study a well-known issue, or researching an emerging trend. As I know, the most memorable essays often come from students who dare to look at traditional topics from a new perspective.

Your IB supervisor is an invaluable resource in the topic selection process. Share your ideas and get feedback on their viability and scope. Supervisors have a wealth of experience and can provide insights you might not have considered. Moreover, they can help refine your topic and research question to align with IB criteria and expectations.

IB DP Geography Extended Essay Topics

Here are topics and research questions that will inspire and challenge you to push your geographic understanding and analytical skills to new heights:

• The Impact of Climate Change on Coral Reefs . How has climate change affected the Great Barrier Reef coral reef ecosystems over the past decade?
• Urban Sprawl and Its Effects on Socioeconomic Dynamics . What are the socioeconomic impacts of urban sprawl on the outskirts of major European cities?
• Sustainable Tourism Practices in Small Island Developing States (SIDS) . How do sustainable tourism practices impact SIDS’ economic and environmental sustainability?
• The Influence of Globalization on Eating Habits in Urban Areas . To what extent has globalization influenced the diversity of eating habits in urban areas of Southeast Asia?
• Renewable Energy Sources and Their Adoption in Rural Communities . What are the barriers to adopting renewable energy sources in rural African communities?
• Deforestation and Its Effects on Biodiversity in the Amazon Rainforest . How does deforestation impact biodiversity in specific areas of the Amazon Rainforest?
• The Effects of Population Density on Public Transportation Systems . How does population density influence the efficiency and sustainability of public transportation systems in megacities?
• Water Scarcity and Conflict in the Middle East . How does water scarcity contribute to conflict in the Middle Eastern region?
• Plastic Pollution in the World’s Oceans . What are the most effective strategies for mitigating plastic pollution in the Pacific Ocean?
• The Role of Green Spaces in Urban Mental Health . How do urban green spaces contribute to mental health and well-being in densely populated areas?
• The Economic Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture . What are the projected economic impacts of climate change on the agricultural sector in the Midwest United States by 2050?
• Sea Level Rise and Its Impact on Coastal Communities . How are coastal communities in Bangladesh adapting to the impacts of sea level rise?
• The Geography of Pandemics: COVID-19 as a Case Study . How did geographic factors influence the spread and impact of COVID-19 in different regions?
• Glacier Retreat and Its Global Implications . What are the global implications of glacier retreat observed in the Himalayas?
• The Impact of Social Media on Tourism Destinations . To what extent does social media influence European millennials’ choice of tourism destinations?
• The Influence of Urban Green Roofs on Local Climates . To what extent do urban green roofs affect local temperature regulation in cities in Northern Europe?
• Migration Patterns and Their Impact on Urban Infrastructure . How have recent migration patterns impacted urban infrastructure in major Canadian cities?
• The Geopolitics of Water in the Nile Basin . What are the geopolitical implications of water resource management in the Nile Basin countries?
• Land Use Changes and Their Effects on Local Ecosystems . How have land use changes affected the Amazon basin’s local ecosystems over the last twenty years?
• The Role of Ecotourism in Conserving Biodiversity . Can ecotourism be considered an effective strategy for biodiversity conservation in Costa Rica?
• Impact of Sea Ice Melt on Indigenous Communities . What are the socioeconomic impacts of sea ice melt on indigenous communities in the Arctic region?
• Urbanization and Its Effects on Groundwater Quality . How does rapid urbanization affect groundwater quality in peri-urban areas of India?
• The Economic Effects of Geographical Indications on Local Communities . What impact do geographical indications have on the economic development of local communities in France?
• Natural Disasters and Urban Resilience Planning . How effective are urban resilience planning measures in mitigating the impact of earthquakes in Japan?
• The Influence of Geographic Location on Renewable Energy Potential . How does geographic location influence the potential for solar energy development in sub-Saharan Africa?
• Food Deserts and Their Impact on Public Health . How do food deserts impact public health in urban areas of the United States?
• The Effects of Tourism on Coral Reef Health . To what extent does tourism contribute to the degradation of coral reef health in the Caribbean?
• Climate Change Adaptation Strategies in Coastal Cities . What are the most effective climate change adaptation strategies for coastal cities facing rising sea levels?
• The Impact of Smart Cities on Transportation Efficiency . How have smart city initiatives improved transportation efficiency in Singapore?
• Waste Management Practices and Their Environmental Impact . What are the environmental impacts of different waste management practices in Germany?

All these topics and questions are formulated to be broad enough to allow for in-depth, step-by-step research and analysis yet focused enough to be manageable within the scope of an extended essay.

Need Help with Your IB Extended Essay?

Maximize your potential and boost your Extended Essay’s excellence with the help of our experts ! Whether starting from scratch or fine-tuning your existing assignment to meet your supervisor’s demands, the BuyTOKEssay.com team is here to make your dream of a perfect paper a reality. Say goodbye to writer’s block and hello to success with just one click.

In conclusion, choosing and developing a topic for your Geography extended essay is much easier than it might seem at first glance. By taking advantage of this opportunity, you have the power to add valuable perspectives to the world of Geography. Remember, researching is just as important as the essay itself, and if you need help with EE writing , just contact our experts. 😉

Liliana Duman

Liliana Duman has a strong background in teaching English language, having graduated from Hacettepe University’s English Language Teaching Department in 2008. With over two decades of experience in the field, she has a wealth of knowledge and expertise to share with her students. In addition to her bachelor’s degree, Liliana holds a master’s in Teaching Turkish as a Second Language and has previously worked at Başkent and Hacettepe University in Ankara. Currently, she is an EFL instructor at Sakarya University, teaching various skills, including methodology, speaking, reading, writing, and listening. In addition to her teaching, Liliana has also contributed to material development and testing efforts. As well as her work as a teacher, Liliana is an experienced private online ToK essay tutor, providing personal help for both IB ToK students and teachers in all aspects of IB ToK essays and exhibitions. She is dedicated to helping her students succeed and achieve their full potential. In her spare time, Liliana also writes articles for buytokessay.com, sharing her expertise and insights on ToK with a wider audience.

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Extended Essay Writers

Geography Extended Essay Topics

Luke MacQuoid

An extended essay in Geography  is a research paper written as a requirement for the International Baccalaureate (IB) Diploma Programme. It is an independent, self-directed piece of research, finishing with a 4,000-word paper. The essay should focus on a specific topic within the field of geography, such as a geographical issue, phenomenon, or concept.

The essay should demonstrate the student’s ability to undertake and present independent research, as well as their understanding of the topic and its relevance to the wider field of geography. It is an opportunity for students to explore an area of personal interest and develop skills in research and data analysis.

6 Tips for Choosing Interesting geography extended essay topics

Choosing a topic for your geography extended essay can be a daunting task. With so many options to choose from, it can be difficult to know where to start. However, by following a few simple tips, you can select a topic that is interesting, relevant, and well-suited to your abilities.

In this section, we will explore some key considerations when choosing a topic for your geography extended essay, including choosing a topic that interests you, being specific, researching the availability of data, ensuring your topic is relevant, and consulting with your supervisor.

Additionally, we will also discuss the importance of thinking outside the box and choosing a unique topic that showcases your perspective on the subject. By following these tips, you can select a topic that will make your extended essay stand out and help you to achieve your best possible grade.

• Choose a topic that interests you: An extended essay is a significant undertaking, so it’s important to choose a topic that you’re passionate about. This will make the research and writing process more enjoyable and ensure that you’re motivated to complete the essay.
• Be specific: A good extended essay topic is specific and focused. Avoid broad topics that are too general or broad. Instead, choose a specific aspect of a larger topic and focus on that.
• Research availability of data: Before choosing a topic, research the availability of data in your area of interest. Your extended essay will require a significant amount of research and data analysis, so make sure you have access to the necessary information to support your argument. 
• Make sure your topic is relevant: Choose a topic that is relevant to current issues or debates in the field of geography. This will make it more interesting and engaging for the reader and will help to demonstrate your understanding of the subject. 
• Consult with your supervisor: Before finalizing your topic, consult with your supervisor or teacher. They can provide guidance on the suitability of your topic, as well as help you to refine your research question and focus your topic. 
• Don’t be afraid to think outside the box: Finally, don’t be afraid to think outside the box and choose a topic that is unconventional or unexpected. This can make your essay stand out and show that you have a unique perspective on the subject.

There are some example research questions for the Geography IB Extended Essay.

To aid in simplifying the task of choosing a topic, we have compiled a list of 30 potential IB Geography Extended Essay subjects for your reference.

• How does urbanization affect the quality of air in a specific city?
• What are the effects of tourism on the cultural preservation of a World Heritage Site?
• How does deforestation impact biodiversity in a tropical rainforest region?
• How does sea level rise affect small island nations?
• What is the impact of dams and water diversion projects on river ecosystems?
• How does climate change affect coastal erosion in a specific region?
• What is the relationship between poverty and access to clean water in a developing country?
• How does urban sprawl impact wildlife habitats?
• What is the impact of coastal development on marine ecosystems?
• How does the use of renewable energy sources affect greenhouse gas emissions in a specific region?
• What is the relationship between population growth and food security in a specific region?
• How does urban renewal impact socio-economic disparities in a specific city?
• What are the effects of industrialization on air and water quality in a specific region?
• How does urbanization affect natural resource consumption?
• What is the relationship between transportation infrastructure and economic development in a specific region?
• How does afforestation mitigate the effects of climate change?
• How do urban heat islands affect human health and well-being in a specific city?
• What is the impact of mining on local communities and the environment in a specific region?
• How do traditional agricultural practices contribute to maintaining biodiversity in a specific region?
• What is the relationship between economic development and land use change in a specific region?
• How do oil spills impact coastal communities and the environment?
• What is the role of wetlands in mitigating the effects of natural disasters?
• How does urbanization impact crime rates in a specific city?
• What is the effect of industrial agriculture on soil health and water quality in a specific region?
• How does urbanization affect access to green spaces and its impact on mental and physical well-being?
• What is the impact of sea level rise on coastal cities and their vulnerability to natural disasters?
• How does globalization impact the sustainability of traditional livelihoods in a specific region?
• What is the impact of urbanization on water resources and water availability in a specific region?
• How does urbanization affect the spread of infectious diseases in a specific city?
• What is the impact of urbanization on the quality of life in a specific city?

Please note that these are only examples of research questions and it is always best to check with your supervisor/teacher for suitability and availability of data for your specific region of interest.

Need help with your Geography extended essay?

From research and analysis to structuring and editing, our skilled mentors will be by your side, helping you craft an exceptional extended essay that not only meets the stringent IB criteria but also reflects your passion for geography studies.

Students can use these research questions as a starting point  for their geography extended essay. The research question will serve as the foundation for the essay and will guide the student’s research and writing.

Firstly, students can choose one of the research questions that aligns with their interests and knowledge. They can then use the research question to focus their research and data analysis on a specific aspect of the topic. This will help to ensure that the essay is well-organized and that the research is relevant and meaningful.

Secondly, students can use the research question to guide their literature review, which is an important part of the extended essay. The literature review should provide an overview of the existing research on the topic and demonstrate the student’s understanding of the relevant literature. By using the research question as a guide, students can ensure that they are reviewing the most relevant literature for their essays.

Thirdly, students can use the research question to guide their data analysis. By focusing on the research question, students can ensure that they are collecting and analyzing data that is relevant to their essays. This will help to ensure that the data analysis is meaningful and that the findings are relevant to the research question.

Finally, students can use the research question to guide the writing of their conclusion and evaluation. The conclusion should summarize the main findings of the research and demonstrate how they relate to the research question. The evaluation should reflect on the research process, including the limitations and strengths of the research and how it relates to the research question.

Overall, these research questions will serve as a roadmap for students throughout the research and writing process and will help them to stay focused and organized while working on their geography extended essay.

Ready to select your Geo EE topic?

In conclusion, selecting a topic for a geography extended essay can be challenging, but by following a few simple tips, you can select a topic that is interesting, relevant, and well-suited to your abilities. This section provided a list of potential topics, as well as research questions that can serve as a starting point for your essay.

By using these research questions, students can ensure that their essay is well-organized and that their research is relevant and meaningful. However, It is important to remember that selecting a topic and writing an extended essay is a time-consuming process and can be challenging for students.

In such cases, students can seek help from professional writing services . Writing services can provide students with expert guidance and support throughout the research and writing process. Some of the benefits of using a writing service include:

• Access to experienced and qualified writers who have extensive knowledge of the subject.
• Assistance with topic selection, research question development, and literature review.
• Help with data collection and analysis, as well as the organization and presentation of findings.
• Guidance with editing, proofreading, and formatting to ensure that the essay meets the required academic standards.
• Plagiarism-free, original, and high-quality work.

To sum up, by seeking help from professional writing services, students can alleviate the stress and pressure of writing an extended essay and increase their chances of success. They can be assured that their essay will be of high quality and written to the standards required by the International Baccalaureate (IB) program.

Luke MacQuoid has extensive experience teaching English as a foreign language in Japan, having worked with students of all ages for over 12 years. Currently, he is teaching at the tertiary level. Luke holds a BA from the University of Sussex and an MA in TESOL from Lancaster University, both located in England. As well to his work as an IB Examiner and Master Tutor, Luke also enjoys sharing his experiences and insights with others through writing articles for various websites, including extendedessaywriters.com blog

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