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Environmental Protection Essay

Essay on Environmental Protection

Environmental protection is improving, defending, and maintaining the quality of the environment. The main methods of environmental protection are recycling, reusing, and reducing; however, some other methods such as Green Energy production, green transportation development, and eco-friendly industrialization also exist. Not only residents but also businesses and industries should play their basic roles to improve the environment.

The History of Environmental Protection

Humankind has always been concerned about the environment. The ancient Greeks were the first to develop environmental philosophy, and they were followed by other major civilizations such as India and China. In more recent times, the concern for the environment has increased because of growing awareness of the ecological crisis. The Club of Rome, a think tank, was among the first to warn the world about the dangers of overpopulation and pollution in its report "The Limits to Growth" (1972).

In the early days of environmentalism, people thought that the best way to protect nature was to set aside areas where humans would not disturb the environment. This approach, which is known as preservation, was given a major boost in the United States with the establishment of the National Park Service in 1916.

The modern environmental movement began in the 1960s when concerns about the negative impact of humans on the environment began to increase. In response to these concerns, governments around the world began to pass legislation to protect the environment. In the United States, for example, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was established in 1970.

The Principles of Environmental Protection

There are three fundamental principles of environmental protection:

The precautionary principle: This principle states that if an activity has the potential to cause harm to the environment, then steps should be taken to prevent that harm even if there is no clear evidence that the activity is damaging.

The polluter pays principle: This states that the party responsible for causing pollution should be held responsible for cleaning it up.

The public right to know the principle: This principle states that the public has a right to know about any potential threats to the environment and what is being done to address them.

The goals of Environmental Protection

There are three main goals of environmental protection:

To protect human health: This is the most important goal of environmental protection because humans cannot survive without a healthy environment.

To protect ecosystems: Ecosystems are the foundation of life on Earth, and they provide many benefits to humans, such as clean air and water, food, and fiber.

To promote sustainable development: Sustainable development is a development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Environmental protection is a practice that aims to protect the natural environment from the hands of individuals, organizations, and governments. It is the need of the hour because the Earth's environment is deteriorating every day, and the reasons are human beings. They are mishandling the Earth's environment to fulfill their needs. If it goes like this, then it is difficult to say that the future generation will have a safer environment to live in. Through this essay, you will learn the importance of environmental protection.

A Long Essay on Environmental Protection

It is imperative to protect our natural environment from deteriorating, and the only way to do that is through environmental protection. This process should be adopted by every country as soon as possible before it is too late. The objective of this process is to conserve all the natural resources and try to repair some parts of the environment that are possible to get repaired. The biophysical environment is getting degraded permanently because of overconsumption, population growth, and the rapid development of technology. This can be stopped if the government plan strategies to restrict these activities to perform in a controlled way. This environmental protection essay can be a great help for the students to understand the environment they are living in.

Voluntary Environmental Agreements

Voluntary environmental agreements are getting popular in most industrial countries. Through this free essay on environmental protection, one will learn more about this type of agreement. These agreements provide the companies with a platform where they are recognized if they are moving beyond the minimum regulatory standards for protecting the environment. These agreements support the development of one of the best environmental practices. For example, the India Environment Improvement Trust (EIT) has been working in this environment field since the year 1998. Through this environmental protection essay, one is getting so much to learn.

Ecosystems Approach

An ecosystem approach to environmental protection aims to consider the complex interrelationships of the ecosystem as a whole to the process of decision making rather than just focusing on specific issues and challenges. The environmental protection essay writing will give a more precise overview of this approach. The ecosystems approach aims to support the better transferring of information, develop strategies that can resolve conflicts, and improve regional conservation. This approach has played a major role in protecting the environment. This approach also says that religions also play an important role in the conservation of the environment.

International Environmental Agreements

In the present scenario, many of the Earth's natural resources have become vulnerable because of humans and their carelessness towards the environment across different countries. As a result of this, many countries and their governments have come into different agreements to reduce the human impact on the natural environment and protect it from getting deterioration. Through this environmental protection essay in English, one will get a much clearer view on this matter particularly.

The agreements made between different governments of various countries are known as International Environmental Agreements. This agreement includes factors such as climate, oceans, rivers, and air pollution. These agreements are sometimes legally bound, and in case they are not followed, it may lead to some legal implications. These agreements have a long history with some multinational agreements that were made in the year 1910 in Europe, America, and Africa. Some of the most well-known international agreements are the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement. Through this environmental protection essay, it is clear that governments are taking steps to solve the environmental issue, but it is not enough.

A Short Paragraph on Environmental Protection in English

Earth is a beautiful place to live in, with the most favorable environmental conditions for living beings. But we humans are making it vulnerable and are destroying our own homes with activities that are causing pollution at an increased rate. In this protecting the environment essay, 200 words will be explained properly on how to save the environment.

Environmental protection has become the need of the hour as it is getting destroyed each day. So, governments are making policies and are coming into agreements with other countries to come up with strategies that can protect the environment. Some companies also have the same aim of protecting the environment from the activities of humans.

In this short article on environmental protection, it is clear that if sudden steps are not taken then, our future generation will have to live in a polluted environment that is conserved very conserve difficult. Environmental protection is the key to a safe and secure future with a beautiful environment to live in.

With pollution increasing each year and causing deterioration of the natural environment, it has become necessary to take steps to protect the natural environment. As we know that the reason for all these problems is humans, governments should make policies to restrict their activities that are causing harm to the environment. If they are not stopped urgently, then the world might see some catastrophic destruction in the coming years. For example, climate change has been a huge problem, and this is one of the causes of increased pollution. A secured future depends on the environment as a whole.

FAQs on Environmental Protection Essay

1. What are International Environmental Agreements?

International environmental agreements are legal contracts between countries that discuss the protection of the environment to provide better living to present and future generations. These include issues such as climate, oceans, rivers, air pollution, etc. we should always consider that if we harm our environment, then it can affect us as well, and we will become more vulnerable. If we do not take action now, it might get a lot worse. We need to be the generation that starts taking care of our planet and future generations!

2. What is the Kyoto Protocol?

The Kyoto Protocol is one of the most well-known and successful international environmental agreements that has been made in the past to protect the environment. This agreement between countries was made to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases which are causing damage to the ozone layer and climate change. With the help of Kyoto, protocol countries have reduced emission rates by 8% and are planning to reduce them more so that future generations can live in a healthy environment in which they can flourish.

3. What is the Paris Agreement?

The Paris Agreement was made in 2015 to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases and to stop climate change. This agreement is very important as it includes every country in the world, and all have agreed to work together to stop climate change. This is a huge step forward as it means that everyone is now working together to try to save our planet. If we try to solve these problems together, then we will have a chance to save our planet.

4. What is the Green Climate Fund?

The Green Climate Fund comes from an agreement made in 2010 to provide money for developing countries that are going through issues such as deforestation and air pollution by making them more sustainable. This fund has a goal of collecting 100 billion dollars by 2020 for supporting developing countries. If this can happen, then many lives can be saved, and we will be able to see a lot of positive changes in the coming years and decades so that we can see an improved environment.

5. What are some activities that harm the Environment?

Some activities that harm the environment include burning fossil fuels, deforestation, air pollution, and wastewater discharge. These activities harm not only the environment but also humans, and we must take action now to reduce the impact which we are causing. For example, the burning of fossil fuels is one of the main reasons for climate change and air pollution, which both have a huge impact on humans. If we stop these activities, then it will be a lot better for everyone!

6. How can we protect the Environment?

Environmental protection is very much required in today's time. Some of the ways to protect the environment are to reduce, reuse, recycle, conserve water, save electricity, clean up the community, educate people on pollution, conserve water, preserve soil, tree plantation, use long-lasting bulbs, and plant trees. Heaven these are the ways which help us to protect the environment from getting polluted.

7. Why is Environmental Protection Important?

The ecosystem in which we live provides the natural services that are very much important to humans and other species for health, quality of life, and survival. So to protect that, environmental protection is very important. Hence, governments of various countries should make strategies to protect our natural environment from getting polluted.

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Environmental Protection Essay

When it comes to environmental protection, what comes to mind for you? Do you think about the carbon footprint you leave behind when you travel? The way you recycle and compost at home? How much do you drive, or the kind of energy you use? Here are some sample essays on environmental protection.

100 Words Essay On Environmental Protection

The environment refers to everything that is around us, including the air we breathe, the water we drink and the land that we live on. It's important to understand the impact of human activity on the environment, as this can affect both our current and future generations.

Environmental protection is essential for mitigating the effects of global warming on the environment by minimising pollution and preserving habitats that are important for supporting biodiversity. Additionally, governments should provide incentives for businesses to develop effective recycling strategies in order to reduce waste output and promote sustainability practices among their operations.

200 Words Essay On Environmental Protection

500 words essay on environmental protection.

There are a lot of ways to think about environmental protection, and it's important to consider them all.

Human activity can have a detrimental effect on the environment. Coming together, we can make a real difference when it comes to protecting our planet for future generations.

Understanding the Impact of Human Activity on the Environment

For example, when we produce greenhouse gases, this contributes to climate change. Climate change has a number of impacts, including extreme weather conditions and sea level rise. These can have serious consequences for both the environment and human populations.

It's crucial that we take steps to protect the environment, as this is not only good for the planet, but also for us. By reducing our reliance on fossil fuels, for example, we can help to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Our goal should be to create a sustainable future for ourselves and for generations to come.

Solutions to Reduce Human Impact on the Environment

There are a number of things we can all do to reduce our human impact on the environment. Some solutions are simple, like turning off the lights when you leave a room or driving less. Others can be more involved, like installing solar panels or composting. You can also take a more active role in environmental conservation by supporting organisations that work to protect our planet. There are many worthy causes out there, and every little bit helps.

On a larger scale, governments should create regulations that protect the environment in a comprehensive manner. This could involve implementing laws that limit carbon dioxide emissions, mandating energy efficiency standards for buildings and machines, creating protected areas for wildlife conservation efforts, and increasing public investments in environmental protection projects.

Steps Towards Improving Environmental Quality

When it comes to improving environmental protection, there are a few steps that you can take as an individual.

Reduce your use of natural resources and minimise your waste output. Choose products that are labelled ‘green’ or ‘environmentally friendly’ when possible and consider reusing items whenever possible.

Use renewable energy sources rather than non-renewable sources such as coal or oil. There are many countries around the world utilising solar, wind, and hydroelectricity to power their cities.

Conserve water and soil by properly managing wastewater and reducing your water consumption.

Examples of Successful Environmental Protection Initiatives

It's important to remember that environmental protection is not just about creating laws, but also in finding creative solutions to protect the environment.

Here are a few examples of successful initiatives:

The establishment of protected areas | Over the last many years, governments have set aside many protected areas. These vary from national parks to marine sanctuaries, all aimed at reducing human impact on these areas and protecting the wildlife that lives there.

Reducing energy consumption | Governments around the world are investing more money into renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power. This helps reduce the reliance on fossil fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions which contribute to climate change.

Importance of Sustainable Development for Environmental Protection

Why is sustainable development important to environmental protection?

It enhances economic development while at the same time protecting natural resources. Sustainable development reduces pollution and energy use, which can reduce environmental degradation.

It helps with the management of natural resources and ensures that they are used in a way that meets current needs without compromising future generations’ ability to meet their own needs. Sustainable development strives for a balance between economic growth, social equity and environmental protection – all of which play an important role in effective conservation efforts.

Effects of Global Warming on the Environment

Global warming is not only affecting climate change, but also causing irreversible damage to the environment. Gradual rise in global temperatures, leading to changes in weather patterns, sea levels, and ocean currents which has caused increased floods, droughts, and severe weather events in certain parts of the world.

These drastic changes have caused significant damage to forests and wildlife habitats, resulting in species loss and ecosystem degradation. As food supplies diminish due to changing climatic conditions, plants and animals face increasing challenges in adapting to their new environment.

Melting glaciers have caused sea levels to rise which are threatening coastal communities around the globe, as rising water levels increase flooding risks and create an immediate need for evacuation or relocation of affected populations.

It is essential that we work together to find balance, and that we understand the role of environmental protection in effective conservation.

Explore Career Options (By Industry)

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Bio Medical Engineer

The field of biomedical engineering opens up a universe of expert chances. An Individual in the biomedical engineering career path work in the field of engineering as well as medicine, in order to find out solutions to common problems of the two fields. The biomedical engineering job opportunities are to collaborate with doctors and researchers to develop medical systems, equipment, or devices that can solve clinical problems. Here we will be discussing jobs after biomedical engineering, how to get a job in biomedical engineering, biomedical engineering scope, and salary.

Data Administrator

Database professionals use software to store and organise data such as financial information, and customer shipping records. Individuals who opt for a career as data administrators ensure that data is available for users and secured from unauthorised sales. DB administrators may work in various types of industries. It may involve computer systems design, service firms, insurance companies, banks and hospitals.

Ethical Hacker

A career as ethical hacker involves various challenges and provides lucrative opportunities in the digital era where every giant business and startup owns its cyberspace on the world wide web. Individuals in the ethical hacker career path try to find the vulnerabilities in the cyber system to get its authority. If he or she succeeds in it then he or she gets its illegal authority. Individuals in the ethical hacker career path then steal information or delete the file that could affect the business, functioning, or services of the organization.

Data Analyst

The invention of the database has given fresh breath to the people involved in the data analytics career path. Analysis refers to splitting up a whole into its individual components for individual analysis. Data analysis is a method through which raw data are processed and transformed into information that would be beneficial for user strategic thinking.

Data are collected and examined to respond to questions, evaluate hypotheses or contradict theories. It is a tool for analyzing, transforming, modeling, and arranging data with useful knowledge, to assist in decision-making and methods, encompassing various strategies, and is used in different fields of business, research, and social science.

Geothermal Engineer

Individuals who opt for a career as geothermal engineers are the professionals involved in the processing of geothermal energy. The responsibilities of geothermal engineers may vary depending on the workplace location. Those who work in fields design facilities to process and distribute geothermal energy. They oversee the functioning of machinery used in the field.

Remote Sensing Technician

Individuals who opt for a career as a remote sensing technician possess unique personalities. Remote sensing analysts seem to be rational human beings, they are strong, independent, persistent, sincere, realistic and resourceful. Some of them are analytical as well, which means they are intelligent, introspective and inquisitive.

Remote sensing scientists use remote sensing technology to support scientists in fields such as community planning, flight planning or the management of natural resources. Analysing data collected from aircraft, satellites or ground-based platforms using statistical analysis software, image analysis software or Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a significant part of their work. Do you want to learn how to become remote sensing technician? There's no need to be concerned; we've devised a simple remote sensing technician career path for you. Scroll through the pages and read.

Geotechnical engineer

The role of geotechnical engineer starts with reviewing the projects needed to define the required material properties. The work responsibilities are followed by a site investigation of rock, soil, fault distribution and bedrock properties on and below an area of interest. The investigation is aimed to improve the ground engineering design and determine their engineering properties that include how they will interact with, on or in a proposed construction.

The role of geotechnical engineer in mining includes designing and determining the type of foundations, earthworks, and or pavement subgrades required for the intended man-made structures to be made. Geotechnical engineering jobs are involved in earthen and concrete dam construction projects, working under a range of normal and extreme loading conditions.

Cartographer

How fascinating it is to represent the whole world on just a piece of paper or a sphere. With the help of maps, we are able to represent the real world on a much smaller scale. Individuals who opt for a career as a cartographer are those who make maps. But, cartography is not just limited to maps, it is about a mixture of art , science , and technology. As a cartographer, not only you will create maps but use various geodetic surveys and remote sensing systems to measure, analyse, and create different maps for political, cultural or educational purposes.

Budget Analyst

Budget analysis, in a nutshell, entails thoroughly analyzing the details of a financial budget. The budget analysis aims to better understand and manage revenue. Budget analysts assist in the achievement of financial targets, the preservation of profitability, and the pursuit of long-term growth for a business. Budget analysts generally have a bachelor's degree in accounting, finance, economics, or a closely related field. Knowledge of Financial Management is of prime importance in this career.

Product Manager

A Product Manager is a professional responsible for product planning and marketing. He or she manages the product throughout the Product Life Cycle, gathering and prioritising the product. A product manager job description includes defining the product vision and working closely with team members of other departments to deliver winning products.

Underwriter

An underwriter is a person who assesses and evaluates the risk of insurance in his or her field like mortgage, loan, health policy, investment, and so on and so forth. The underwriter career path does involve risks as analysing the risks means finding out if there is a way for the insurance underwriter jobs to recover the money from its clients. If the risk turns out to be too much for the company then in the future it is an underwriter who will be held accountable for it. Therefore, one must carry out his or her job with a lot of attention and diligence.

Finance Executive

Operations manager.

Individuals in the operations manager jobs are responsible for ensuring the efficiency of each department to acquire its optimal goal. They plan the use of resources and distribution of materials. The operations manager's job description includes managing budgets, negotiating contracts, and performing administrative tasks.

Bank Probationary Officer (PO)

Investment director.

An investment director is a person who helps corporations and individuals manage their finances. They can help them develop a strategy to achieve their goals, including paying off debts and investing in the future. In addition, he or she can help individuals make informed decisions.

Welding Engineer

Welding Engineer Job Description: A Welding Engineer work involves managing welding projects and supervising welding teams. He or she is responsible for reviewing welding procedures, processes and documentation. A career as Welding Engineer involves conducting failure analyses and causes on welding issues.

Transportation Planner

A career as Transportation Planner requires technical application of science and technology in engineering, particularly the concepts, equipment and technologies involved in the production of products and services. In fields like land use, infrastructure review, ecological standards and street design, he or she considers issues of health, environment and performance. A Transportation Planner assigns resources for implementing and designing programmes. He or she is responsible for assessing needs, preparing plans and forecasts and compliance with regulations.

An expert in plumbing is aware of building regulations and safety standards and works to make sure these standards are upheld. Testing pipes for leakage using air pressure and other gauges, and also the ability to construct new pipe systems by cutting, fitting, measuring and threading pipes are some of the other more involved aspects of plumbing. Individuals in the plumber career path are self-employed or work for a small business employing less than ten people, though some might find working for larger entities or the government more desirable.

Construction Manager

Individuals who opt for a career as construction managers have a senior-level management role offered in construction firms. Responsibilities in the construction management career path are assigning tasks to workers, inspecting their work, and coordinating with other professionals including architects, subcontractors, and building services engineers.

Urban Planner

Urban Planning careers revolve around the idea of developing a plan to use the land optimally, without affecting the environment. Urban planning jobs are offered to those candidates who are skilled in making the right use of land to distribute the growing population, to create various communities.

Urban planning careers come with the opportunity to make changes to the existing cities and towns. They identify various community needs and make short and long-term plans accordingly.

Highway Engineer

Highway Engineer Job Description: A Highway Engineer is a civil engineer who specialises in planning and building thousands of miles of roads that support connectivity and allow transportation across the country. He or she ensures that traffic management schemes are effectively planned concerning economic sustainability and successful implementation.

Environmental Engineer

Individuals who opt for a career as an environmental engineer are construction professionals who utilise the skills and knowledge of biology, soil science, chemistry and the concept of engineering to design and develop projects that serve as solutions to various environmental problems.

Naval Architect

A Naval Architect is a professional who designs, produces and repairs safe and sea-worthy surfaces or underwater structures. A Naval Architect stays involved in creating and designing ships, ferries, submarines and yachts with implementation of various principles such as gravity, ideal hull form, buoyancy and stability.

Orthotist and Prosthetist

Orthotists and Prosthetists are professionals who provide aid to patients with disabilities. They fix them to artificial limbs (prosthetics) and help them to regain stability. There are times when people lose their limbs in an accident. In some other occasions, they are born without a limb or orthopaedic impairment. Orthotists and prosthetists play a crucial role in their lives with fixing them to assistive devices and provide mobility.

Veterinary Doctor

Pathologist.

A career in pathology in India is filled with several responsibilities as it is a medical branch and affects human lives. The demand for pathologists has been increasing over the past few years as people are getting more aware of different diseases. Not only that, but an increase in population and lifestyle changes have also contributed to the increase in a pathologist’s demand. The pathology careers provide an extremely huge number of opportunities and if you want to be a part of the medical field you can consider being a pathologist. If you want to know more about a career in pathology in India then continue reading this article.

Speech Therapist

Gynaecologist.

Gynaecology can be defined as the study of the female body. The job outlook for gynaecology is excellent since there is evergreen demand for one because of their responsibility of dealing with not only women’s health but also fertility and pregnancy issues. Although most women prefer to have a women obstetrician gynaecologist as their doctor, men also explore a career as a gynaecologist and there are ample amounts of male doctors in the field who are gynaecologists and aid women during delivery and childbirth.

An oncologist is a specialised doctor responsible for providing medical care to patients diagnosed with cancer. He or she uses several therapies to control the cancer and its effect on the human body such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy and biopsy. An oncologist designs a treatment plan based on a pathology report after diagnosing the type of cancer and where it is spreading inside the body.

Audiologist

The audiologist career involves audiology professionals who are responsible to treat hearing loss and proactively preventing the relevant damage. Individuals who opt for a career as an audiologist use various testing strategies with the aim to determine if someone has a normal sensitivity to sounds or not. After the identification of hearing loss, a hearing doctor is required to determine which sections of the hearing are affected, to what extent they are affected, and where the wound causing the hearing loss is found. As soon as the hearing loss is identified, the patients are provided with recommendations for interventions and rehabilitation such as hearing aids, cochlear implants, and appropriate medical referrals. While audiology is a branch of science that studies and researches hearing, balance, and related disorders.

Hospital Administrator

The hospital Administrator is in charge of organising and supervising the daily operations of medical services and facilities. This organising includes managing of organisation’s staff and its members in service, budgets, service reports, departmental reporting and taking reminders of patient care and services.

For an individual who opts for a career as an actor, the primary responsibility is to completely speak to the character he or she is playing and to persuade the crowd that the character is genuine by connecting with them and bringing them into the story. This applies to significant roles and littler parts, as all roles join to make an effective creation. Here in this article, we will discuss how to become an actor in India, actor exams, actor salary in India, and actor jobs.

Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats create and direct original routines for themselves, in addition to developing interpretations of existing routines. The work of circus acrobats can be seen in a variety of performance settings, including circus, reality shows, sports events like the Olympics, movies and commercials. Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats must be prepared to face rejections and intermittent periods of work. The creativity of acrobats may extend to other aspects of the performance. For example, acrobats in the circus may work with gym trainers, celebrities or collaborate with other professionals to enhance such performance elements as costume and or maybe at the teaching end of the career.

Video Game Designer

Career as a video game designer is filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. A video game designer is someone who is involved in the process of creating a game from day one. He or she is responsible for fulfilling duties like designing the character of the game, the several levels involved, plot, art and similar other elements. Individuals who opt for a career as a video game designer may also write the codes for the game using different programming languages.

Depending on the video game designer job description and experience they may also have to lead a team and do the early testing of the game in order to suggest changes and find loopholes.

Radio Jockey

Radio Jockey is an exciting, promising career and a great challenge for music lovers. If you are really interested in a career as radio jockey, then it is very important for an RJ to have an automatic, fun, and friendly personality. If you want to get a job done in this field, a strong command of the language and a good voice are always good things. Apart from this, in order to be a good radio jockey, you will also listen to good radio jockeys so that you can understand their style and later make your own by practicing.

A career as radio jockey has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. If you want to know more about a career as radio jockey, and how to become a radio jockey then continue reading the article.

Choreographer

The word “choreography" actually comes from Greek words that mean “dance writing." Individuals who opt for a career as a choreographer create and direct original dances, in addition to developing interpretations of existing dances. A Choreographer dances and utilises his or her creativity in other aspects of dance performance. For example, he or she may work with the music director to select music or collaborate with other famous choreographers to enhance such performance elements as lighting, costume and set design.

Videographer

Multimedia specialist.

A multimedia specialist is a media professional who creates, audio, videos, graphic image files, computer animations for multimedia applications. He or she is responsible for planning, producing, and maintaining websites and applications.

Social Media Manager

A career as social media manager involves implementing the company’s or brand’s marketing plan across all social media channels. Social media managers help in building or improving a brand’s or a company’s website traffic, build brand awareness, create and implement marketing and brand strategy. Social media managers are key to important social communication as well.

Copy Writer

In a career as a copywriter, one has to consult with the client and understand the brief well. A career as a copywriter has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. Several new mediums of advertising are opening therefore making it a lucrative career choice. Students can pursue various copywriter courses such as Journalism , Advertising , Marketing Management . Here, we have discussed how to become a freelance copywriter, copywriter career path, how to become a copywriter in India, and copywriting career outlook.

Careers in journalism are filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. One cannot afford to miss out on the details. As it is the small details that provide insights into a story. Depending on those insights a journalist goes about writing a news article. A journalism career can be stressful at times but if you are someone who is passionate about it then it is the right choice for you. If you want to know more about the media field and journalist career then continue reading this article.

For publishing books, newspapers, magazines and digital material, editorial and commercial strategies are set by publishers. Individuals in publishing career paths make choices about the markets their businesses will reach and the type of content that their audience will be served. Individuals in book publisher careers collaborate with editorial staff, designers, authors, and freelance contributors who develop and manage the creation of content.

In a career as a vlogger, one generally works for himself or herself. However, once an individual has gained viewership there are several brands and companies that approach them for paid collaboration. It is one of those fields where an individual can earn well while following his or her passion.

Ever since internet costs got reduced the viewership for these types of content has increased on a large scale. Therefore, a career as a vlogger has a lot to offer. If you want to know more about the Vlogger eligibility, roles and responsibilities then continue reading the article.

Individuals in the editor career path is an unsung hero of the news industry who polishes the language of the news stories provided by stringers, reporters, copywriters and content writers and also news agencies. Individuals who opt for a career as an editor make it more persuasive, concise and clear for readers. In this article, we will discuss the details of the editor's career path such as how to become an editor in India, editor salary in India and editor skills and qualities.

Linguistic meaning is related to language or Linguistics which is the study of languages. A career as a linguistic meaning, a profession that is based on the scientific study of language, and it's a very broad field with many specialities. Famous linguists work in academia, researching and teaching different areas of language, such as phonetics (sounds), syntax (word order) and semantics (meaning).

Other researchers focus on specialities like computational linguistics, which seeks to better match human and computer language capacities, or applied linguistics, which is concerned with improving language education. Still, others work as language experts for the government, advertising companies, dictionary publishers and various other private enterprises. Some might work from home as freelance linguists. Philologist, phonologist, and dialectician are some of Linguist synonym. Linguists can study French , German , Italian .

Public Relation Executive

Travel journalist.

The career of a travel journalist is full of passion, excitement and responsibility. Journalism as a career could be challenging at times, but if you're someone who has been genuinely enthusiastic about all this, then it is the best decision for you. Travel journalism jobs are all about insightful, artfully written, informative narratives designed to cover the travel industry. Travel Journalist is someone who explores, gathers and presents information as a news article.

Quality Controller

A quality controller plays a crucial role in an organisation. He or she is responsible for performing quality checks on manufactured products. He or she identifies the defects in a product and rejects the product.

A quality controller records detailed information about products with defects and sends it to the supervisor or plant manager to take necessary actions to improve the production process.

Production Manager

Merchandiser.

A QA Lead is in charge of the QA Team. The role of QA Lead comes with the responsibility of assessing services and products in order to determine that he or she meets the quality standards. He or she develops, implements and manages test plans.

Metallurgical Engineer

A metallurgical engineer is a professional who studies and produces materials that bring power to our world. He or she extracts metals from ores and rocks and transforms them into alloys, high-purity metals and other materials used in developing infrastructure, transportation and healthcare equipment.

Azure Administrator

An Azure Administrator is a professional responsible for implementing, monitoring, and maintaining Azure Solutions. He or she manages cloud infrastructure service instances and various cloud servers as well as sets up public and private cloud systems.

AWS Solution Architect

An AWS Solution Architect is someone who specializes in developing and implementing cloud computing systems. He or she has a good understanding of the various aspects of cloud computing and can confidently deploy and manage their systems. He or she troubleshoots the issues and evaluates the risk from the third party.

Computer Programmer

Careers in computer programming primarily refer to the systematic act of writing code and moreover include wider computer science areas. The word 'programmer' or 'coder' has entered into practice with the growing number of newly self-taught tech enthusiasts. Computer programming careers involve the use of designs created by software developers and engineers and transforming them into commands that can be implemented by computers. These commands result in regular usage of social media sites, word-processing applications and browsers.

ITSM Manager

Information security manager.

Individuals in the information security manager career path involves in overseeing and controlling all aspects of computer security. The IT security manager job description includes planning and carrying out security measures to protect the business data and information from corruption, theft, unauthorised access, and deliberate attack

Business Intelligence Developer

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Essay on Environmental Sustainability

Students are often asked to write an essay on Environmental Sustainability in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Environmental Sustainability

Understanding environmental sustainability.

Environmental sustainability is about making decisions that do not harm the environment. It’s about preserving nature for future generations.

Importance of Environmental Sustainability

Our survival depends on the environment. If we don’t sustain it, we risk losing resources like water and air. It’s crucial for our health and economy.

Ways to Achieve Sustainability

We can achieve sustainability by reducing waste, recycling, and using renewable energy. It’s about changing our lifestyles to protect the environment.

Environmental sustainability is crucial for our future. We all need to play our part to ensure our planet remains healthy.

Also check:

Advantages and Disadvantages of Environmental Sustainability

250 Words Essay on Environmental Sustainability

Introduction to environmental sustainability.

Environmental sustainability is an integral aspect of our existence, intertwined with the notion of preserving the natural world for future generations. It encapsulates the concept of stewardship, wherein we are responsible for managing the Earth’s resources responsibly and efficiently.

The Imperative of Sustainable Practices

The current environmental crisis, characterized by climate change, deforestation, and biodiversity loss, underscores the urgency of sustainable practices. These practices aim to minimize the environmental footprint by reducing waste, conserving energy, and promoting recycling. They are not merely an ethical obligation, but a necessity for human survival.

Role of Innovation in Sustainability

Innovation plays a pivotal role in environmental sustainability. Technological advancements like renewable energy, green architecture, and waste management systems pave the way for a sustainable future. They provide practical solutions to environmental problems, enabling us to balance economic growth with ecological preservation.

Individual Responsibility and Collective Action

Environmental sustainability demands individual responsibility and collective action. Each of us can contribute by adopting sustainable lifestyles, such as minimizing waste, conserving water, and reducing energy consumption. Collective action, on the other hand, involves policy changes, corporate responsibility, and international cooperation.

In conclusion, environmental sustainability is a multidimensional concept, involving the careful management of natural resources, innovative technologies, and concerted human effort. As stewards of the Earth, we must strive to ensure the sustainability of our planet for future generations.

500 Words Essay on Environmental Sustainability

Environmental sustainability is a concept that has grown in prominence as the world grapples with the effects of climate change. It refers to the practice of using resources in a way that preserves the environment for future generations. This includes reducing waste, promoting renewable energy, and maintaining biodiversity.

The Importance of Environmental Sustainability

The significance of environmental sustainability cannot be overstated. As the world’s population continues to grow, so does the demand for resources. This increased demand, coupled with unsustainable practices, has led to environmental degradation, loss of biodiversity, and climate change. By practicing environmental sustainability, we can help ensure that future generations inherit a planet that is as rich and diverse as the one we enjoy today.

Principles of Environmental Sustainability

Environmental sustainability is underpinned by several key principles. First, we must recognize the finite nature of our planet’s resources and strive to use them sparingly. Second, we must work towards reducing waste and promoting recycling. Third, we must strive to reduce our carbon footprint and promote renewable energy. Lastly, we must value and protect our biodiversity, recognizing the intrinsic worth of all living things.

Challenges to Environmental Sustainability

Despite its importance, achieving environmental sustainability is not without its challenges. There is often a conflict between economic development and environmental protection, with many arguing that the latter hampers the former. Additionally, there is a lack of awareness and understanding about environmental issues, leading to apathy and inaction. Lastly, there is a lack of political will to implement and enforce environmental regulations.

Role of Individuals and Institutions in Promoting Environmental Sustainability

Individuals and institutions have a crucial role to play in promoting environmental sustainability. Individuals can make a difference by making sustainable choices in their daily lives, such as reducing waste, recycling, and choosing renewable energy. Institutions, on the other hand, can implement sustainable practices in their operations and advocate for environmental sustainability at the policy level.

In conclusion, environmental sustainability is not just a buzzword; it is a necessity for our survival and the survival of future generations. It requires a collective effort from individuals, institutions, and governments alike. By understanding the importance of environmental sustainability and the principles that underpin it, we can all play a part in preserving our planet for future generations.

That’s it! I hope the essay helped you.

If you’re looking for more, here are essays on other interesting topics:

Essay on Environmental Issues
Essay on Environmental Hygiene
Essay on Environmental Hazards

Apart from these, you can look at all the essays by clicking here .

Happy studying!

Essay on Environment for Students and Children

500+ words essay on environment.

Essay on Environment – All living things that live on this earth comes under the environment. Whether they live on land or water they are part of the environment. The environment also includes air, water, sunlight, plants, animals, etc.

Moreover, the earth is considered the only planet in the universe that supports life. The environment can be understood as a blanket that keeps life on the planet sage and sound.

Importance of Environment

We truly cannot understand the real worth of the environment. But we can estimate some of its importance that can help us understand its importance. It plays a vital role in keeping living things healthy in the environment.

Likewise, it maintains the ecological balance that will keep check of life on earth. It provides food, shelter, air, and fulfills all the human needs whether big or small.

Moreover, the entire life support of humans depends wholly on the environmental factors. In addition, it also helps in maintaining various life cycles on earth.

Most importantly, our environment is the source of natural beauty and is necessary for maintaining physical and mental health.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

Benefits of the Environment

The environment gives us countless benefits that we can’t repay our entire life. As they are connected with the forest, trees, animals, water, and air. The forest and trees filter the air and absorb harmful gases. Plants purify water, reduce the chances of flood maintain natural balance and many others.

Moreover, the environment keeps a close check on the environment and its functioning, It regulates the vital systems that are essential for the ecosystem. Besides, it maintains the culture and quality of life on earth.

The environment regulates various natural cycles that happen daily. These cycles help in maintaining the natural balance between living things and the environment. Disturbance of these things can ultimately affect the life cycle of humans and other living beings.

The environment has helped us and other living beings to flourish and grow from thousands of years. The environment provides us fertile land, water, air, livestock and many essential things for survival.

Cause of Environmental Degradation

Human activities are the major cause of environmental degradation because most of the activities humans do harm the environment in some way. The activities of humans that causes environmental degradation is pollution, defective environmental policies, chemicals, greenhouse gases, global warming, ozone depletion, etc.

All these affect the environment badly. Besides, these the overuse of natural resources will create a situation in the future there will be no resources for consumption. And the most basic necessity of living air will get so polluted that humans have to use bottled oxygen for breathing.

Above all, increasing human activity is exerting more pressure on the surface of the earth which is causing many disasters in an unnatural form. Also, we are using the natural resources at a pace that within a few years they will vanish from the earth. To conclude, we can say that it is the environment that is keeping us alive. Without the blanket of environment, we won’t be able to survive.

Moreover, the environment’s contribution to life cannot be repaid. Besides, still what the environment has done for us, in return we only have damaged and degraded it.

FAQs about Essay on Environment

Q.1 What is the true meaning of the environment?

A.1 The ecosystem that includes all the plants, animals, birds, reptiles, insects, water bodies, fishes, human beings, trees, microorganisms and many more are part of the environment. Besides, all these constitute the environment.

Q.2 What is the three types of the environment?

A.2 The three types of environment includes the physical, social, and cultural environment. Besides, various scientists have defined different types and numbers of environment.

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Essay on Environment

Here we have shared the Essay on Environment in detail so you can use it in your exam or assignment of 150, 250, 400, 500, or 1000 words.

You can use this Essay on Environment in any assignment or project whether you are in school (class 10th or 12th), college, or preparing for answer writing in competitive exams.

Topics covered in this article.

Essay on Environment in 150-200 words

Essay on environment in 250-300 words, essay on environment in 500-1000 words.

The environment is our natural surroundings, encompassing air, water, land, and diverse ecosystems. It sustains life on Earth, providing essential resources and habitats for all living beings. However, human activities such as deforestation, pollution, and climate change are posing significant threats to the environment and its delicate balance.

Protecting the environment is crucial for our well-being and the planet’s sustainability. It requires collective action and individual responsibility. We must adopt sustainable practices, reduce pollution and waste, conserve resources, and support conservation efforts. By valuing and preserving the environment, we ensure a healthier and more prosperous future.

Governments, businesses, and individuals must work together to address these environmental challenges. Promoting renewable energy, implementing effective policies, and raising awareness about the importance of environmental conservation are key steps to protect our planet.

Preserving the environment is not just an obligation but also an opportunity to enhance our quality of life and ensure a sustainable future for generations to come. Let us embrace this responsibility and work towards creating a harmonious relationship with nature, respecting its intrinsic value and preserving its abundance for future generations.

The environment is the natural world around us, comprising the air we breathe, the water we drink, the land we live on, and the diverse ecosystems that support life. It encompasses everything from the smallest microorganisms to the largest forests and oceans. This essay briefly discusses the importance of the environment and the need for its protection.

The environment plays a crucial role in sustaining life on Earth. It provides us with essential resources, such as clean air, water, and food, and offers habitats for countless species. It regulates the climate, supports biodiversity, and contributes to the overall well-being of human beings and the planet.

Unfortunately, human activities have had a detrimental impact on the environment. Deforestation, pollution, habitat destruction, and climate change pose significant threats to ecosystems and biodiversity. These activities have resulted in the loss of species, degradation of ecosystems, and disruption of natural cycles.

To ensure a sustainable future, it is imperative that we take collective action to protect and preserve the environment. This includes adopting sustainable practices, reducing pollution and waste, conserving natural resources, promoting renewable energy sources, and supporting conservation efforts.

Individual actions, such as reducing carbon emissions, recycling, and conserving water, can make a significant difference. Additionally, governments, businesses, and organizations must implement policies and initiatives that promote environmental sustainability.

By valuing and protecting the environment, we not only safeguard the well-being of future generations but also enhance our own quality of life. Preserving the environment is essential for maintaining the balance of ecosystems, combating climate change, and ensuring a healthy planet for all living beings.

In conclusion, the environment is of utmost importance for the well-being of both humans and the planet. It provides essential resources, supports biodiversity, and regulates the climate. Protecting the environment is a shared responsibility that requires individual and collective action. By adopting sustainable practices and supporting conservation efforts, we can contribute to the preservation of our environment and ensure a sustainable future for generations to come.

Title: Environmental Conservation – Protecting Our Planet for Future Generations

Introduction :

The environment is the foundation of life on Earth, encompassing the air, water, land, and ecosystems that support all living beings. It provides us with vital resources, regulates the climate, and sustains biodiversity. This essay explores the significance of environmental conservation, the threats it faces, and the urgent need for collective action to protect our planet.

Importance of Environmental Conservation

The environment is vital for our well-being and the sustainability of the planet. It provides us with clean air to breathe, safe water to drink, and nutritious food to eat. Ecosystems support biodiversity and provide habitats for countless species, contributing to the overall health of our planet. The environment also plays a crucial role in regulating the climate, preserving natural cycles, and mitigating the impacts of natural disasters.

Environmental Threats

Human activities have led to various environmental threats that endanger ecosystems and biodiversity. Deforestation for agriculture, logging, and urbanization destroys habitats and contributes to climate change. Pollution from industrial activities, transportation, and improper waste disposal contaminates air, water, and soil. Climate change, primarily caused by the excessive release of greenhouse gases, results in rising temperatures, melting ice caps, and extreme weather events. These threats have far-reaching consequences for both the environment and human societies.

Conservation Strategies

To protect the environment, proactive conservation strategies are necessary. Sustainable practices, such as reducing waste, conserving resources, and promoting renewable energy sources, are key to mitigating environmental impacts. Reforestation and afforestation efforts are crucial for restoring habitats and combating climate change. Conservation initiatives, including protected areas, wildlife sanctuaries, and marine reserves, help preserve biodiversity and ensure the long-term sustainability of ecosystems.

Individual and Collective Responsibility

Environmental conservation is a shared responsibility that requires both individual and collective action. Individuals can contribute by adopting sustainable lifestyles, reducing their carbon footprint, and supporting eco-friendly initiatives. Governments play a vital role in implementing policies and regulations that promote environmental protection, investing in renewable energy infrastructure, and fostering sustainable practices in industries. International cooperation is essential to address global environmental challenges and promote knowledge-sharing and technology transfer.

Benefits of Environmental Conservation

Environmental conservation yields numerous benefits. Preserving ecosystems and biodiversity supports the health of our planet and ensures the availability of vital resources for future generations. Conservation efforts contribute to climate change mitigation, reducing the risks of extreme weather events and preserving natural carbon sinks. Protecting natural areas enhances opportunities for eco-tourism, generating economic benefits for local communities. Conservation also fosters a sense of connection to nature and promotes physical and mental well-being.

Conclusion :

Environmental conservation is crucial for the well-being of both humans and the planet. It is our responsibility to protect the environment, mitigating threats such as deforestation, pollution, and climate change. By adopting sustainable practices, supporting conservation initiatives, and advocating for effective policies, we can ensure a healthier and more sustainable future for all. Environmental conservation is not just an obligation; it is an opportunity to preserve the beauty and abundance of our planet for future generations. Let us strive to live in harmony with nature, valuing and protecting the environment that sustains us. Together, we can create a better, more sustainable world for ourselves and for future generations.

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Environmental Health and Safety, Case Study Example

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Words: 307

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Our entire ecosystem is threatened as the ozone layer continues to erode. Air pollution, a chief contributor to global warming, is a major environmental health problem in many cities. Urban residents who live near freeways suffer a number of ill health effects as a result. Common air pollutants include carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, lead, particulate matter (under 10 microns), and sulfur dioxide. A few of the most common problems are discussed briefly.

Asthma, bronchitis, emphysema, heart and lung disease, and respiratory allergies are conditions that crop up as air quality deteriorates. Inner city dwellers report increased problems with breathing, wheezing, and coughing. People with existing breathing conditions have those conditions aggravated as a result of the pollutant-filled air of metropolitan zones (O’Neill, Kinney, & Cohen, 2008). Any reduction in the use of fossil fuel will help this problem.

America’s Children and the Environment, a watchdog group that holds affiliation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, reports some improvements worldwide in air, water, food, and soil contaminant levels (2007, March 1); however, there is still global danger for children who are vulnerable to the ill effects of inhaling second hand smoke in their homes and blood lead levels. Because it is normal and expected that children play outside, their risk of exposure to harmful air-born contaminants is increased. Children eat more food, breath more air, and drink more water for their size than do adults, so they are more susceptible to the risks associated with breathing contaminants.

New data show decline in children’s exposure to pollutants (Journal of Environmental Health). The Free Library. (2007). Retrieved May 2, 2010 from http://www.thefreelibrary.com? New data show decline in children’s exposure to pollutants.-a0160752347

O’Neill, M., Kinney, P., & Cohen, A. (2008). Environmental equity in air quality management: Local and international implications for human health and climate change. Journal of Toxicology & Environmental Health, 71( 10 ), 570-577

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ESG: Why Does it Matter? And How Can Safety Leaders Take the Lead?

Toby Graham / std }}"> December 15, 2021

Categories: EHS

ESG has emerged as one of the most critical areas for effectively running an organization and attracting investment across the globe.

What is ESG?

Short for E nvironmental, S ocial, and G overnance, ESG criteria are a set of standards for a company’s operations that investors use to screen potential investments through a socially conscious lens.

And, here’s what it’s not.

According to McKinsey , “The magnitude of investment flow suggests that ESG is much more than a fad or a feel-good exercise.”

EHS professionals are in a unique position to take the lead on ESG initiatives. As a concept with some demonstrated staying power, let’s make sure you understand the topic and how it impacts your world.

Starting off, let’s dive into the three areas ESG covers:

Environmental.

This area examines a company's impact on your local environment. Some examples include waste management and recycling, water management, renewable energy use, environmental compliance, and greenhouse gas emissions.

This area examines how a company treats and values people. Social topics include a focus on health and safety, privacy and security, as well as diversity and equal opportunities.

This area examines a company's corporate governance practices. Areas of focus here would include topics like sales and procurement practices, bribery and corruption, and risk management.

Reporting on ESG performance is voluntary, but by providing this transparency companies help identify both growth opportunities and risks. Investment dollars are flowing toward companies that demonstrate they’re prioritizing ESG issues, as historical data shows that this focus delivers financial returns.

Why Does ESG Matter to Your Company?

Developing and reporting on ESG is a demonstration of strong corporate leadership and governance. This tends to have positive impacts on a company’s brand, legal liability, and financial position.

And a focus on ESG can have exponential impacts across your organization. ESG initiatives help companies identify areas for improvement, increase efficiency across the organization, and develop defensible audit trails.

Key Benefits of ESG Initiatives

Streamlined Regulatory Compliance Companies with established ESG targets signal to regulators that they’re putting good faith toward following regulatory guidelines. And with this good faith potentially comes a lowered level of regulatory scrutiny and more leniency on the off chance regulators find areas that are out of compliance.

Improved Efficiencies You’ve heard the adage, “What gets measured gets improved.” ESG strategies tend to find the inefficiencies hiding across an organization. And this improved transparency can impact operating expenses across many parts of the company.

Stronger ROI Given these first two benefits, streamlined compliance, and improved efficiency, it makes sense that ESG initiatives would also impact your bottom line. The data supports this premise as well. An analysis of over 2,000 studies by McKinsey found that ESG propositions had a positive impact on equity returns 63% of the time.

Improved Employee Engagement There’s plenty of data to support this benefit as well. Marsh & McLennan found that organizations with the highest employee satisfaction had ESG scores 14% higher than the global average. McKinsey also states that ” A strong ESG proposition can help companies attract and retain quality employees, enhance employee motivation by instilling a sense of purpose, and increase productivity overall.”

Customer Loyalty Reputation is everything – particularly when it comes to customer loyalty. Customers want to be reassured that they’re supporting companies with a commitment to both their people and the environment. One study found that 88% of consumers will be more loyal to a company that supports social or environmental issues.

How Can Safety Leaders Take The Lead on ESG Initiatives?

EHS professionals are in a unique position to take the lead on ESG initiatives. You’re already managing several programs that fall under the ESG umbrella. You have a great deal of data at your fingertips, and understand the value engaged employees people bring to the programs under your purview. In short, you’re in a perfect position to drive performance improvements across the organization and help maintain a competitive edge.

Given that you’re a key player in any ESG initiative, how do you get one off the ground?

5 Steps to Developing Your ESG Strategy

Step 1: develop the mission, step 2: determine objectives & strategies for measurement, step 3: identify risks & opportunities, step 4: get buy-in.

Critical to the success or failure of most initiatives, senior leaders need to be both aligned and supportive of your ESG initiative. They have the ability to reinforce that ESG is an organizational priority as well as ensure proper funding and staffing.

Step 5: Reporting & Transparency

You’ll want to determine not only what you’re going to measure, but how often as well. Perhaps you produce an annual ESG report, with quarterly updates and monthly stakeholder reviews.

How KPA Helps Support Your ESG Goals

KPA’s here to help by providing consulting, software, and training to align with your ESG mission.

KPA provides consulting and training to help ensure you’re minimizing your impact on your local environment. This can span ensuring compliance with environmental regulations, to helping develop strategies and best practices for reducing your environmental waste streams.

KPA’s 35 years of health and safety experience are here to help you develop an initiative that shows you put people first. Rely on safety program data, comprehensive training library, and usage metrics to demonstrate your organization values people both inside and outside the company.

Lean on KPA’s comprehensive policy and training libraries along with in-depth reporting to demonstrate your organization follows good governance practices. This is governance that spans ethical sales practices, adherence to a comprehensive code of conduct, and audit trails that demonstrate your commitment to good governance.

KPA’s technology and expertise can help you make successful strides toward fulfilling your ESG mission.

About The Author

Toby Graham

Toby manages the marketing communications team here at KPA. She's on a quest to help people tell clear, fun stories that their audience can relate to. She's a HUGE sugar junkie...and usually starts wandering the halls looking for cookies around 3pm daily.

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Advancing Environmental Safety: Celebrating 20 years of Nanotechnology Research at EPA

Published April 2, 2024

Nanomaterials are extremely small particles that measure between one and 100 nanometers in size. How small is that? A single nanometer is one billionth of a meter and a strand of human hair is about 80,000 nanometers wide! These tiny materials often exhibit unique properties that are different from those of the same substances in a larger size. Nanomaterials are used in many processes and commercial products--from smart phone components and solar panels, to treated vaccines and pharmaceuticals.

With the ever-increasing commonality of these materials, it is important to understand associated risks. EPA develops science and processes to evaluate the human health and ecological safety of products containing nanomaterials to estimate their potential environmental impact. EPA collaborates across federal and state governments, industry, and the international community on nano-related research. In addition to EPA’s in-house nanotechnology research, the Agency supports nano-related research through external grant programs such as Science to Achieve Results (STAR) and Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) .

Collaborative Research

EPA nanotechnology environmental research is guided by the by the 2021 National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) Strategic Plan and the 2011 National Nanotechnology Initiative Environmental Health, and Safety Research Strategy ( NanoEHS Strategy, which is being updated in 2024). EPA, along with over 30 other federal agencies, independent agencies, and commissions are working together toward a shared vision of the future of nanotechnology. The NNI enhances interagency coordination of nanotechnology research and supports a shared infrastructure. The NanoEHS Strategy outlines six focus areas for nano environmental health and safety research. These areas include measurement infrastructure, human exposure assessment, human health, environment, risk assessment and risk management, and informatics and modeling.

One Health Strategy

EPA promotes a “ One Health ” strategy, a holistic approach with the goal of achieving optimum health outcomes across the shared environment of people, plants, and animals. Over the last 20 years, EPA has supported the One Health approach through many different efforts including environmental research on metal and carbon engineered nanomaterials (ENMs), nanopesticides, 3-D printer emissions, nanoplastics, quantum dots (semiconductor nanocrystals), and epoxy-based nanomaterials. EPA research looks at where these materials go and what happens to them along the way, also referred to as fate and transport. EPA research on how people and the environment are exposed to nanomaterials, as well as their toxicity, has resulted in more than 500 peer reviewed publications . This research has advanced our understanding of nanomaterials in the environment, fully embracing the “One Environment” component of One Health as recommended in the 2023 National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Report .

Future of Nanotechnology Research at EPA

EPA research programs will continue to collect and mine nanomaterials data as well as produce new characterization methods. This research informs both exposure and hazard assessments and supports risk-based decisions related to implementation of EPA’s environmental statutes, including the Toxic Substances Control Act and the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act .

Future directions for EPA research include the areas outlined below:

Nanopesticides : Create an identification framework for pesticides containing carbonaceous nanomaterials; determine physical chemical properties and transport in the environment; and determine environmental impact on watersheds .
Nano-printers : Continue work on quantification of additive manufacturing/3D printing incidental nanoparticle emissions and realistic estimates for exposure to aerosols and volatile organic compounds .
NaKnowBase database : Continue inclusion of novel EPA data, enhance improved data interoperability of nanomaterials environmental health and safety data with Federal partners.
Nanosensors : Detection and remediation of drinking water and air pollutants and use of nanosensors for identification of Contaminants of Immediate and Emerging Concern (CIECs), such as PFAS .
Nanoplastics : Detection, characterization, fate, transport and human and aquatic life toxicity.
Capacity building of future expertise through training students, hiring post docs and supporting research grants to build the next generation of EPA researchers.
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Open access
Published: 13 July 2023

Influence of psychosocial safety climate on occupational health and safety: a scoping review

Mustapha Amoadu 1 ,
Edward Wilson Ansah 1 &
Jacob Owusu Sarfo 1

BMC Public Health volume 23 , Article number: 1344 ( 2023 ) Cite this article

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Creating a healthy, decent and safe workplace and designing quality jobs are ways to eliminate precarious work in organisations and industries. This review aimed at mapping evidence on how psychosocial safety climate (PSC) influence health, safety and performance of workers.

A literature search was conducted in four main databases (PubMed, Scopus, Central and Web of Science) and other online sources like Google Scholar. A reference list of eligible studies was also checked for additional papers. Only full-text peer-reviewed papers published in English were eligible for this review.

A search in the databases produced 13,711 records, and through a rigorous screening process, 93 papers were included in this review. PSC is found to directly affect job demands, job insecurity, effort-reward imbalance, work-family conflict, job resources, job control and quality leadership. Moreover, PSC directly affects social relations at work, including workplace abuse, violence, discrimination and harassment. Again, PSC has a direct effect on health, safety and performance outcomes because it moderates the impact of excessive job demands on workers’ health and safety. Finally, PSC boosts job resources’ effect on improving workers’ well-being, safety and performance.

Managers’ efforts directed towards designing quality jobs, prioritising the well-being of workers, and fostering a bottom-up communication through robust organisational policies, practices, and procedures may help create a high organisational PSC that, in turn, promotes a healthy and decent work environment.

Peer Review reports

Introduction

Every job has tremendous inherent health, safety and well-being challenges, thus, creating a safe and decent work for improved health and safety outcomes becomes eminent [ 1 , 2 ]. For instance, pprecarious jobs and work environment are detrimental to the health and safety of workers and place huge financial burden on workers and their organisations [ 2 ]. Occupational incidents do not affect only workers and their families, but have a huge burden on society through impaired productivity and increased use of healthcare and cost [ 3 , 4 ]. According to the International Labour Organisation (ILO) working conditions are worsening globally, and majority of workers are found in precarious employment [ 1 ], which is responsible for about 7,600 deaths daily [ 1 ]. Therefore, occupational health and safety (OHS) remains the key factor to restoring dignity at work and improving worker health outcomes, to meet the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target 8, which seeks to eliminate all forms of precarious work and ensure a decent and safe workplace for all [ 1 ]. However, robust research designs and reviews are needed to map quality evidence to inform interventions and policies aimed at creating such a safe and decent work for all workers.

Evidence from the World Health Organisation (WHO) and ILO shows that in 2016, about 1.9 million deaths occurred globally due to occupational accidents and injuries [ 5 ]. Again in 2017, about 2.78 million workers died from occupational-related accidents and injuries [ 6 , 7 ]. Thus, globally, about 7,600 workers died daily in 2017 due to precarious and unhealthy working conditions, but this affects poor developing nations disproportionately. For instance, the African region recorded the highest global occupational communicable diseases among over one-third of its working population and 20% of its workforce has experienced serious work-related accidents [ 1 ]. These unfortunate trends of statistics are frightening and might be as a result of insufficient safety regulations and enforcement as well as emerging industries and technological advancements which may require updated safety protocols and training [ 1 ]. Also, these figures give the indication that most workers, especially those in developing countries do not have access to a decent, safe and healthy workplace [ 5 , 8 ]. Perhaps, global economic pressures are forcing some industries and organisations to focus on cost-cutting and increase productivity instead of protecting the well-being and safety of their workers [ 1 ]. There is the need for adequate measures and pragmatic steps taken by national regional and global bodies to guarantee decent, safe, and healthy workplace for all workers [ 5 , 8 ]

Evidence shows that global occupational morbidity and mortality from psychosocial hazards keep increasing, something that need urgent attention [ 5 , 8 ]. Psychosocial working conditions or exposure to psychosocial hazards by workers, to a greater extent, is dependent on the interplay between job demands and job resources (job design) [ 9 , 10 ]. Most work stress models such as the job demand-resource, job demand-control and effort-reward imbalance argue that work environments with high job demands and fewer job resources expose workers to impaired health outcomes that lead to impaired performance and less productivity [ 11 ]. Psychosocial safety climate (PSC) has been the basis for job designs and improving social relations at work, perhaps it is capable of prioritising the well-being and safety of workers [ 12 ]. Besides, PSC is capable of buffering the effect of high job demands on workers’ health and safety [ 11 ].

In organisations with high PSC, the well-being and safety of workers are prioritised [ 11 , 12 ], commitments and efforts are made by senior management to involve and leverage workers’ participation in designing jobs and programmes that help create a safe and healthy work environment for improved well-being, safety and productivity [ 12 ]. Empirical evidence from work stress, organisational psychology and safety science showed PSC as a unifying framework for dealing with work stress [ 11 ]. While there is a growing body of research work exploring PSC, not enough is understood about its importance and application to psychosocial working conditions, health and safety, and performance of workers. Hence, this review maps evidence on the influence of PSC on psychosocial working conditions, health and safety, and performance, thus, to inform workplace policies and actions that create a safe, decent and healthy workplace for all workers to achieve SDG 8 and improve organisational performance.

The authors carried out this scoping review using the guidelines by Arksey and O’Malley [ 13 ], by identifying and stating the research questions, identifying relevant studies, study selection, data collection, data summary and synthesis of results, and consultation. Two research questions guided this review. (1) What is the influence of PSC on (a) psychosocial work factors, (b) health and safety outcomes of workers, and (c) performance and productivity outcomes? (2) what is the moderating role of PSC in the health erosion and motivation pathways?

Authors created a search technique that employed a combination of controlled vocabularies like Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and keywords for each of the four major electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Central and Web of Science) to address the research questions and map relevant literature. Table 1 illustrates the search strategy conducted in PubMed. The search strategy used in PubMed was then modified for search in other databases. The authors used four key words in their search strategy (1) psychosocial safety climate, (2) psychosocial work factors, (3) Health and safety and (4) performance.

Additional searches were conducted in Google, Google Scholar, JSTOR, Emerald, and Taylor and Francis to gather adequate and relevant peer-reviewed papers for this review. Reference lists of eligible full-text articles were also searched for additional papers. A chartered librarian was consulted during the search for literature and data screening process. The authors started the search for papers on December 5, 2022, and ended on March 29, 2023. The authors developed eligibility criteria for data screening. Studies published in the year 2010 and later were included because we were interested in studies that explored PSC using PSC-12 and that PSC-12 was published in 2010 [ 12 ] (See Table 2 for details on eligibility criteria).

The Mendeley software was used to remove duplicates. Abstracts and full-text records were screened and papers selected based on eligibility criteria. Data from eligible papers were extracted independently by MA and reviewed by EWA and JOS. Disagreements among authors during the data screening and extraction phases were resolved during weekly meetings to ensure accuracy in extracted data. Data extracted included authors, purpose of the study, design, population, sample size, measure for PSC, and study outcomes. These data were relevant to help map evidence to answer the research questions and make relevant recommendations for future studies. Extracted data is presented in Table S 1 . The authors read through the final extracted data, organised data into themes and results presented and discussed.

Search results

The results from the four main databases yielded 13,669 records and additional search produced 42 records. After removing duplicates (2,490 records) using the Mendeley software, 11,221 records were available for screening. After removing non-full text and records irrelevant to the review, 156 full-text records were available for further screening. Checking of reference lists of full-text records produced additional 24 records. Thus, 180 records were finally screened. Finally, 87 full-text records were excluded, the remaining 93 were included in the thematic synthesis (See Fig. 1 for search results and screening process).

PRISMA flow diagram of search results and screening process

Study characteristics

Most reviewed studies used a cross-sectional survey design (See details in Fig. 2 ), and were conducted among workers in Australia (30) and Malaysia (24) [See details in Fig. 3 ]. The general working population, healthcare workers and workers in academia remained the most explored groups using PSC (See Fig. 4 for more details). Most of the reviewed studies were published in the year 2022 (See Fig. 5 for more details).

Study designs of reviewed studies

Map showing countries and continents where reviewed studies were conducted

Occupational groups explored by reviewed studies

Number of studies based on the year of publication

Findings from this review were reported based on the two research questions, and into four sections; (1) influence PSC on psychosocial work factors, (2) influence of PSC on health and safety, (3) influence of PSC on performance outcomes and (4) the moderating effect of PSC.

Influence of PSC on psychosocial work factors

Three sub-themes were developed from the findings of the reviewed studies. The themes are job demands, job resources, and hostile work factors.

Job demands

Evidence is strongly established in the literature that PSC is negatively and significantly associated with job demands [ 12 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ]. PSC has a significant and negative association with cognitive demands [ 20 ], psychological demands [ 15 , 21 , 22 , 23 ], emotional demands [ 22 , 24 , 25 , 26 ], quantitative demands [ 27 ], work intensification [ 28 ], work pressure [ 25 , 29 ], conflicting pressure [ 30 ], workload [ 25 ], long-working hours [ 31 ], hindrance demands [ 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ], challenge demands [ 32 ] and compulsive working [ 37 ]. However, a reviewed study found no significant association between PSC and challenge hindrance [ 36 ]. Job insecurity [ 38 ], work-family conflict [ 14 , 38 , 39 , 40 ], effort-reward imbalance [ 41 ] and family-work conflict [ 39 ] are reduced in high PSC context.

Job resources

Job resources are high in a positive PSC context at various occupational settings [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 21 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 ]. Key job resources such as job control [ 26 , 46 , 47 ], decision authority [ 21 ], decision influence [ 48 ], skill discretion [ 21 , 25 ], co-worker support [ 38 ], supervisor support [ 22 , 46 ], managerial support [ 49 ], organisational support [ 50 ] and organisational rewards [ 22 , 51 ] were found to have a positive and significant association with PSC. Furthermore, workers in a high PSC work environment were more likely to perceive a high possibility for development [ 20 ], organisational justice [ 22 , 52 ], health-centric [ 53 ], quality leadership [ 27 , 54 ], psychological capital [ 55 ] and emotional resources [ 45 ] at work.

Workplace abuse

PSC had a negative and significant association with workplace bullying [ 29 , 51 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 ], and that, workplace violence [ 29 , 62 ], physical or verbal abuse [ 63 ], and harassment [ 29 , 51 ] were reduced or eliminated in the presence of a high-level PSC.

Influence of PSC on worker health and safety

Findings indicated that burnout [ 19 , 27 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 59 , 64 ], job strain [ 65 , 66 ] and emotional exhaustion [ 21 , 22 , 24 , 25 , 48 , 61 , 67 ] might be a result of low organisational PSC. Also, fatigue [ 68 , 69 ], injuries [ 67 ], accidents [ 70 ] and circulatory diseases [ 71 ] had a significant and negative association with PSC. Moreover, mental health issues such as psychological distress [ 23 , 26 , 42 , 49 , 54 , 64 , 67 ], stress [ 27 , 72 ], depression [ 31 , 41 , 65 , 73 ] and PTSD [ 56 ] might be a result of low workplace PSC. Meanwhile, reviewed studies found that workers that perceived high levels of PSC at work were more likely to experience improved general health, safety and well-being [ 12 , 16 , 17 , 55 , 57 , 62 , 74 ], psychological well-being [ 15 , 58 ], personal resilience [ 75 ], psychological safety [ 54 , 76 ], and self-worth [ 77 ].

Influence of PSC on job performance outcomes

Improved job performance was linked to higher perceived organisational PSC [ 32 ]. Similarly, job satisfaction [ 17 , 27 , 77 , 78 ], work engagement [ 17 , 21 , 22 , 25 , 27 , 37 , 42 , 57 , 69 , 79 , 80 ] and job commitment [ 27 , 44 , 52 ] are three key performance outcomes (psychosocial outcomes) that were consistently reported to be associated with high level of PSC. However, two studies reported no significant association between PSC and job engagement [ 44 , 81 ], but improved productivity was expected in a highly perceived PSC work environment [ 20 , 75 ]. As a result, issues that affected productivity, such as turnover intentions [ 41 , 61 , 78 ], absenteeism [ 71 , 82 , 83 ], presenteeism [ 23 , 28 , 82 , 84 ], and need thwarting [ 40 ] were reduced or eliminated in highly perceived PSC work environment. These might lead to more funding opportunities [ 47 ], sustained profits [ 83 ] and reduced compensation claims [ 83 ].

Elimination of unsafe working behaviours [ 85 ] and improvement in workplace safety behaviours [ 38 , 86 ], safety participation [ 87 ] and compliance [ 87 ] were also common in workplaces where management prioritises the well-being of workers. Workers were more likely to be workaholics [ 44 ], have high morale [ 83 ], and develop organisational citizenship behaviours [ 50 ] in a high PSC context. Moreover, adaptive and proactive work behaviours [ 88 ], creative problem solving [ 55 , 89 ], taking of personal initiatives [ 80 ], personal development [ 80 ], positive service behaviour [ 88 ], workaround [ 68 ], and service recovery performance [ 90 ] were more likely to be observed in high PSC work environment. Perhaps, managerial quality is one of the key benefits in a high organisational PSC context [ 64 , 91 ]. For instance, the quality of patient care and patient safety was protected when healthcare professionals perceived high PSC in their facilities [ 30 , 70 ].

The moderating role of PSC

One key strength of PSC was its buffering effect on precarious work conditions on health, safety and performance outcomes [ 11 ].

The effect of workplace abuse on workers’ health and safety

The effect of workplace abuse and violence on workers’ health and safety is controlled by the presence of PSC. For instance, reviewed studies reported that PSC moderated the effect of workplace bullying on psychological contract violation [ 92 ], work engagement [ 57 , 79 ], PTSD [ 56 ]and psychological distress [ 52 ]. Also, PSC played a moderating role in the effect of workplace harassment on psychological distress [ 52 ], and the impact of workplace stigma on bullying and burnout [ 59 ]. Contrary to the argument of Dollard et al. [ 11 ], the moderating role of PSC on the association between workplace bullying and psychological contract violation had an inverse result [ 92 ].

The effect of job demands on workers’ health and safety

Evidence also indicated that PSC could buffer the effect of job demands on workers’ health and safety. For example, the effect of job demands on burnout [ 81 ], fatigue [ 69 ], work engagement [ 69 ] and depression [ 93 ] were found to be moderated by PSC. Also, the association between emotional demands and emotional exhaustion [ 12 ] and psychological distress [ 94 ] were reduced in the presence of high-level organisational PSC. Furthermore, the relationship between work-family conflict and insecurity, as well as the association between job insecurity and safety behaviours are buffered by the presence of workplace PSC [ 38 ]. The high level of workplace PSC among nurses reduced the effect of work intensity on presenteeism [ 29 ].

The effect of job resources on workers’ health and safety

It was expected that in a high PSC work environment, job resources’ effect on workers’ health and safety would be enhanced [ 11 ]. For instance, the effect of job resources on safety behaviours [ 38 ], and workaholism [ 43 ] were boosted in the presence of high PSC. Evidence also showed that the effect of social support (support from co-workers and supervisors) on work engagement [ 81 ]and the effect of job control on mindfulness among workers improved in the presence of high PSC [ 95 ]. Moreover, a reviewed study found that a supportive work environment’s effects on personal hope were lowered in low PSC [ 76 ]. Besides, health-centred leadership had the greatest impact on psychological health when oil and gas workers perceived high PSC [ 53 ]. Finally, the interaction between job demands and job resources in predicting distress among police workers was moderated by PSC [ 26 ].

The effect of mental health on workers’ behaviours

In an unsafe work environment, workers’ mental health is severely impaired [ 88 ]. In such a situation, the high presence of PSC is expected to control the effect of mentally distressed on workers’ performance [ 12 ]. A reviewed study confirmed this hypothesis and reported that the effect of depression on workers’ positive organisational behaviour was attenuated by the presence of PSC [ 17 ].

A thorough literature search conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Central and Web of Science and other databases such as Google and Google scholar produced 13,669 records. Through a robust screening process, 91 studies that explored psychosocial safety climate using PSC-12, PSC-8 and PSC-4 as a measure were included in this review. Reviewed studies showed that PSC, as an upstream job resource construct, was essential in designing jobs by matching job demands and resources. Thus, PSC has consistently been found in the literature to be negatively associated with job demand variables such as psychological demands, emotional demands, quantitative demands, work intensification, work pressure, conflicting pressures, job insecurity, work-family conflict, family-work conflict, and effort-reward imbalance. Moreover, PSC is positively associated with job resources (job control, social support, quality leadership, organisational rewards, decision authority and influence, emotional resources, organisational justice, and personal development). Hence, PSC has great influence on psychosocial work factors (job demands and job resources). Also, it was established that PSC was negatively associated with workplace abuse, such as stigma, discrimination, bullying, and harassment. Furthermore, PSC directly improves workers’ health, safety, and performance, proving a strong buffering effect for health and safety of workers. This shows that PSC has influence of health and safety and performance outcome of workers and reduce the effect of precarious work on the health and safety of workers. Discussion of findings have been done according to the research questions.

PSC as a precursor to psychosocial work factors (job demands and resources)

Managers need to be guided by ethics and value for workers when making decisions regarding job design and nature to foster healthy and decent workplaces [ 96 ]. However, job design and the promotion of a healthy and decent workplace might depend on the priority managers give to productivity or profits as against the well-being and safety of the workers [ 11 ]. In many cases where the manager’s priority was overly focused on productivity and profits, job demands were high, affecting workers’ health and safety, especially in a resource-limited work environment [ 12 ]. However, when managers shift attention from productivity to well-being and safety of their workers, excessive job demands are likely to be reduced, to protect the health of the workers. Perhaps, the negative association between job demands and PSC is explained by the shift of managers’ attention from productivity to valuing the psychological well-being and safety of the workers and vice versa.

The review further found that in a low PSC context, excessive job demands are expected, due to the lack of feedback from workers or the lack of opportunity for workers to voice their frustrations concerning high level of job demands [ 59 ]. In such organisations, job demands were likely to be high because of the likelihood that managers prioritised an up-to-bottom communication rather than a bottom-up approach, to ensure that workers’ voices are heard and factored into the job designs [ 43 , 95 ]. There is high likelihood of reduced job demands when organisational PSC is high, because workers will be involved, consulted, participated in designing their jobs, workplace health and safety policies and any intervention that creates a healthy and decent workplace for such workforce. Finally, PSC was observed as an upstream job resource and its presence at the workplace is a signal for reduction in excessive job demands and helping workers to fulfil their requirements, that achieve organisational goals and a sense of belongingness [ 11 ].

The quality of a worker’s productivity or performance is influenced by the design of their job, which also establishes how workers would carry out their responsibilities and meet organisational and personal goals. It is worth appreciating that quality work involved resourcing workers adequately to cope with excessive job demands [ 12 , 44 ]. The positive association between job resources and PSC indicates that in a high PSC work environment, workers have the confidence to access the needed resources to accomplish their job demands and responsibilities [ 43 ]. Thus, in such a context, workers are encouraged, trained and offered the opportunities not only to access job resources but to utilise these resources for organisational and personal growth [ 11 ]. Besides, in a high PSC context, adequate job resources are made available to workers to ensure that the psychological well-being of workers are prioritised over productivity. On the other hand, in a low PSC context, job resources were limited and, to a larger extent, non-existing, which exposes workers to job strain and poor health outcomes [ 12 ], that will further compromise productivity.

Workplace abuse and violence are unhealthy factors that exposed workers to precarious situations. We found that workplace abuse, bullying, harassment, stigma and discrimination were social-relational factors that created an unhealthy, corrupt and indecent workplace, violated human rights, and compromised the dignity of workers [ 56 , 61 ]. Various mechanisms might explain the negative association between PSC and workplace abuse. First, in a high PSC context, workplace social relations are supposed to improve and give workers the signal that there are available resources for dealing with any form of abuse [ 12 ]. Also, workers who are abused victims were given opportunities to find solutions in such positive worksites [ 12 , 71 ]. This way of solving workplace conflicts or abuse might not be present in a low PSC work context which may fuel turnover intentions and turnovers of affected workers [ 41 , 78 ]. Finally, it would be difficult for many workers to report abuse in organisations where PSC is low, and that majority of these workers may not have the opportunity to seek redress since such institutions practice the top–bottom approach communication that usually limits open communication and trust in management [ 41 ]. But, in a high PSC context, managers give cues to workers about social-relational aspects of work, such as how workers should interact with one another and the behaviours that would be rewarded or punished [ 12 ].

PSC as a precursor to workers’ health and safety

Evidence suggests that PSC positively correlated with improved worker health, safety and performance outcomes [ 13 , 97 ]. High-quality work with manageable job demands, and adequate job resources were more likely in a high PSC work environment, where managers value and safeguard workers’ psychological health for improved well-being, safety and performance outcomes [ 18 , 59 , 66 ]. Thus, a high PSC context foster satisfaction of psychological needs, job satisfaction, job commitment, and mental health maintenance, which translate into improved productivity [ 58 , 88 , 89 ]. Basically, in such a PSC context, workers perceive that their well-being is a priority to managers, hence, become intrinsically motivated, which may lead to improved mental health and well-being [ 98 , 99 ], and positive performance outcomes. Unfortunately, low PSC environments are more likely to produce low-quality work that threatens and obstructs worker job satisfaction, resulting in psychological distress, exhaustion, fatigue, impaired well-being and organisational performance [ 62 , 68 ].

The evidence is that PSC moderates the effect of psychosocial work factors on health, safety, and performance outcomes [ 26 ]. One explanation is that PSC acts as a safety signal [ 52 ], when danger cues such as work pressure, excessive job demands, and workplace abuse are present. This safety signal works by indicating options such as access to and safe use of available resources to counteract the psychosocial hazards to prevent the onset of impaired health, safety and performance outcomes [ 26 , 54 ]. Aside from being a safety signal, PSC could initiate resource caravans or gain spirals, promoting workers’ well-being and productivity [ 96 ]. A study found that PSC moderated the association between workplace bullying and psychological contract violation [ 93 ]. It is worth noting that receiving support at the workplace was not always be connected with favourable health and performance outcomes, primarily when the support is obtained in an unsafe or negative work environment [ 93 ], making the organisational climate increasingly important.

Implications for practice

Creating and promoting a healthy, safe and decent workplace might start with integrating PSC as an essential upstream psychosocial resource at every workplace. Moreover, efforts directed towards prioritising and valuing the well-being and safety of workers by managers may be the beginning of eliminating precarious working condition. Thus, the experience of workers at the workplace, to a greater extent, influence workers perception of PSC. Still, this premise does not change the fact that managers possess the power and resources to design quality jobs through pro-worker and robust organisational policies and practices [ 12 ]. Dollard et al. [ 12 ] argued that PSC was a modifiable variable; hence, managers should know that change could be implemented by improving involvement and communication mechanisms around psychosocial hazards and mental health issues. This could also be achieved by management demonstrating commitment and support for stress prevention and psychological treatment. Furthermore, managers commitment becomes paramount to any workplace policies targeting workers’ well-being [ 24 , 92 ].

Workers who experienced bullying were more prone to rage and irritation, which have undesired consequences to the worker and the organisation. Thus, managers need to pay attention to these signals and act quickly to relieve workers of distressing feelings. Managers need to give workers channels to vent their rage since doing so would make them feel better [ 100 ]. Organisations could, for instance, offer victims psychological counselling services and listen to their complaints. Understanding the implicit expectations from fair treatment of workers may also help managers to manage and deliver on the expectations of employees, which in turn, helps prevent violations and other adverse outcomes. Perhaps, fostering a bottom-up approach to communication allows workers to report excessive job demands and low job resources and enables workers to talk about workplace abuse and hostility [ 35 , 100 , 101 , 102 , 103 , 104 , 105 ]. Also, managers need to create a safe and decent psychosocial work environment that may lower the risk of workplace bullying and can successfully prevent the events leading to an escalation of vices and eventually increase productivity and organisational image [ 106 , 107 , 108 , 109 , 110 ].

Recommendations for future research

Reviewed studies exploring PSC were mainly conducted in Australia, Malaysia and Canada, and not much research attention was given in Africa and South America. Also, existing PSC literature concentrates on occupational groups such healthcare workers, education workers, police and workers in the banking sector. Hence, studies from developing nations and other worker groups such as agricultural workers, road transport workers, rescue workers and military officers are needed. Moreover, the direct effect of PSC on some psychosocial work factors such as lone working, shift workers and those working extended hours may need more exploration. Furthermore, more studies are required to tease out the conditions under which the strength of PSC matters in the work context [ 12 ]. In addition, qualitative designs are needed to understand PSC through shared and individual experiences, working conditions and the psychological health of workers. More quality studies that adjust for confounding variables may be essential in understanding the independent effect of PSC on psychosocial work factors and stress symptoms. Finally, understanding PSC through the experiences of minority workers such as refugees, child workers, pregnant workers, and workers in the informal sectors might help improve the working conditions of vulnerable workers.

Limitations in this review

About 63% of the included studies are cross-sectional surveys whose findings might be affected by response bias since they mostly rely on self-report measures. This situation may affect the generalisation of findings in this review. Also, the literature search was restricted to only peer-reviewed articles and papers published in English. This situation may affect the number of included studies and the depth of information presented in this review. Including only papers that explored PSC using PSC-12, PSC-8 and PSC-4 as measures may reduce the number of included studies which also affect the depth of information provided in this review. However, the authors pulled 93 studies from 45 countries globally, which may help understand PSC’s importance in creating a safe and healthy work environment for workers.

Organisational PSC is an essential upstream job resource that directly affects psychosocial work factors, including job demands, job insecurity, effort-reward imbalance, work-family conflict, job resources, job control and quality leadership. In addition, PSC directly affects social relations at work, including workplace abuse, violence, discrimination and harassment. Moreover, PSC directly affects health, safety, and performance outcomes. Besides, PSC moderates the effect of working conditions on workers’ health, safety and performance across different occupational groups and settings. Therefore, designing quality jobs, prioritising the well-being of workers and fostering bottom-up communication through robust organisation policies, practices, and procedures may help create a high workplce PSC for healthy and decent work for all workers, for productivity and organisational integrity.

Availability of data and materials

All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this article and its supplementary information files (Table S 1 ).

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Potter RE, Dollard MF, Owen MS, O’Keeffe V, Bailey T, Leka S. Assessing a national work health and safety policy intervention using the psychosocial safety climate framework. Saf Sci. 2017;100:91–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2017.05.011 .

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Dr. Kwame Kodua-Ntim of Sam Jonah Library, University of Cape Coast, Ghana, for his enormous support during data search and screening process.

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Table S1. Dataextracted from reviewed studies.

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Amoadu, M., Ansah, E.W. & Sarfo, J.O. Influence of psychosocial safety climate on occupational health and safety: a scoping review. BMC Public Health 23 , 1344 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-16246-x

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Environmental Protection Essay

The environmental protection essay is a great way to assist the little ones in understanding how to protect the environment. Environmental protection has emerged as one of the major challenges in the world for centuries and has always been important to humans. As of late, it has seen a dramatic change in environmental policy, primarily through the use of the law. One way that law is used to protect the environment is by enacting government regulations on pollution and preventing environmental degradation.

Environmental protection is an integral part of today’s society, but many people lack even basic knowledge on what they can do to help protect our environment. The destruction of the environment and the depletion of natural resources are significant issues that are ever-present. In this essay, there will be a list of ideas for participating in the fight against these problems. This essay on environmental protection describes the meaning and importance of environmental protection and also teaches the right method to preserve the environment.

How to Protect the Environment Essay

Environmental protection is the practice of protecting the natural environment against various human activities that degrade, destroy, or otherwise reduce its quality for future generations. Environmental protection has become a widespread issue in recent decades as human pressures on the environment have increased exponentially.

There are many ways to protect the environment. One way to protect the environment is by recycling – a way to reduce the carbon footprint and conserve natural resources. It also decreases the amount of waste that goes into landfills, which causes less pollution to water bodies. Another way is to use eco-friendly products in your life. This can contribute to a healthier environment by reducing the number of harmful chemicals and toxins in the air, ground, and water.

To protect the environment, we should be conscious of what we consume and how we consume it. Many factors affect the quality of our air, water, and land, but it is best to start small by always considering its impact on the environment.

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What is environmental protection.

Environmental protection is the practice of protecting the natural environment by maintaining the quality of air, water, land or ecosystem. The effects that humans have on their environment create issues for the natural environment. This can include air pollution, water pollution, and degradation of land. Governments and people are involved with environmental protection through policies and regulations.

How to protect the environment?

Environmental protection has seen a dramatic change, especially through environmental laws. These laws call for reducing pollution and environmental degradation.

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New OSHA Rule Gives Hazy Guidance on Safety Inspection Tagalongs

By Bruce Rolfsen

A new OSHA rule on workplace inspections has left employers with a vague roadmap for how inspectors approve outside worker representatives for “walkarounds” and how to challenge those decisions.

The rule , which goes into effect May 31, broadens the scope of who can accompany US Occupational Safety and Health Administration inspectors as they tour worksites for hazards, take pictures, and talk with employees. While worker advocates have praised the measure, employer representatives say it could allow labor activists into non-union workplaces and potentially influence organizing campaigns.

Employers need to get answers before a walkaround begins if an OSHA inspector agrees to a “third-party” worker representative, management-side attorneys said.

Ask the inspector if the third-party representative was designated by workers, what skills the person brings to the inspection, and why they’re necessary for the inspection, said Brian Hendrix , a partner with Husch Blackwell LLP in Washington.

Under the old rule, OSHA could invite an outsider to participate as a worker representative, but those people generally needed to have a health or safety skill. Now the agency is also allowing third parties who can “increase worker involvement in the inspection by facilitating communication between workers and OSHA.”

“What’s new here is extending the right of workers who are seeking a walkaround representative to get someone who has other kinds of qualifications,” said Eric Frumin, health and safety director for the union-backed Strategic Organizing Center.

Open Issues

The rule and its preamble are vague on how a third party would become involved in the inspection, said Brent Clark , a partner with Seyfarth Shaw LLP in Chicago.

If the outside representative arrived at the inspection at the same time as the inspector, that could lead to the employer believing OSHA had tipped off the representative and employees about the inspection, Clark said.

Federal law and OSHA rules prohibit OSHA from notifying employers in advance of inspections, except in specific situations, and employers believe the same restriction should apply to workers and their supporters.

If the outside worker representative didn’t know of the inspection in advance, that would likely mean the representative wouldn’t join the inspection until it was well underway, Clark said.

The rule seems to limit the third-party representative’s participation only in the walkaround portion of the inspection and doesn’t allow them to join other aspects of inspections such as document reviews, Clark said.

OSHA issued guidance for the rule on March 29 in the form of answers to frequently asked questions . The agency didn’t immediately respond to a request about whether more guidance would be coming.

Varied Implementation

Attorney Courtney Malveaux , the Richmond, Va.-based co-leader of Jackson Lewis PC’s workplace safety and health practice group, said implementation of the rule could vary because it gives inspectors wide discretion on who participates and how an inspection is conducted.

Malveaux said he expects the directors of OSHA’s 85-plus area offices to set expectations for worker and third-party participation, especially if an inspector is inexperienced. According to OSHA data, at the start of fiscal year 2024, almost half of the agency’s 878 inspectors had two years or less experience in their jobs.

In practice, Malveaux said, one area director may want inspectors to actively seek out a worker representative at each inspection, while another area director may leave it to workers to present their own representative.

There is also the question of the inspector determining if a prospective third-party participant representing worker meets the rule’s requirement of being “reasonably necessary” to aid the inspection, Malveaux said.

Clark of Seyfarth Shaw said employers that object to the presence of a third-party representative could tell OSHA that the person won’t be allowed in the worksite. That could lead to negotiations between the employer and OSHA about the inspection’s conduct.

If no resolution is reached, that could result in OSHA asking a federal district court to issue an inspection warrant, giving the employer the opportunity to present its objections, Clark said.

Ask Questions

Given the rule’s lack of clarity, employers can gain an understanding of the reasoning behind the third party’s selection by preparing questions in advance, attorneys said.

Their presence could be benign, such as helping translate what workers said, Husch Blackwell’s Hendrix said. Or it could be an issue that raises red flags for employers, such as union officials getting access to a non-union workplace, he said.

Worker advocate Marcy Goldstein-Gelb , co-executive director of the National Council for Occupational Safety and Health, cited a real example of third-party participation aiding OSHA.

The initial OSHA inspection of a lead recycling plant didn’t turn up areas that were contaminated with lead, in part, because the inspector didn’t speak Spanish and couldn’t effectively talk with workers, Goldstein-Gelb said.

Workers then reached out to the Massachusetts Council for Occupational Safety and Health for help, she said. The group contacted OSHA and provided a Spanish interpreter for a second inspection that did identify lead contamination.

Many workers are either unaware of what OSHA does or afraid of losing their job if they speak up during an inspection, Goldstein-Gelb. The new rule could encourage workers to speak up if they see inspectors encouraging participation, she said.

To contact the reporter on this story: Bruce Rolfsen in Washington at [email protected]

To contact the editors responsible for this story: Jay-Anne B. Casuga at [email protected] ; Rebekah Mintzer at [email protected]

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2024 Research Conference - Call for papers

Environmental risks and esg investing: securities market impacts.

Paris, 15 October 2024 (Hybrid event)

The 2024 ESMA Research Conference aims to bring together academics, policymakers and industry professionals to discuss and analyse the impact of environmental risks and ESG transition on EU securities markets. The conference will explore developments and risks in this area, considering both investor protection and financial stability implications. We invite interested authors to submit empirical, theoretical or critical papers that address the themes. Find further details in the document .

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Environmental, Social and Corporate Governance Essay

Introduction, similarities of the sources, different aspects of esg highlighted by the articles, relevance, issues, and use of the esg.

Many organizations are starting to recognize the need for including their environmental, social, and governance (ESG) goals to achieve sustainability. Financial profitability is no longer the only measure of a company’s performance. As a result, investors and industry regulators are increasingly assessing the internal and external factors before making a significant decision. Specifically, venturers are focusing on the non-monetary and ethical impacts of an enterprise (Esguevillas, 2020). The objective of this paper is to synthesize the information that two articles written by McMahon and the other by Escrig-Olmedo et al. provide regarding ESG.

First, the articles agree that investors are increasingly relying on ESG to make their entrepreneurial decisions. According to McMahon (2020), when he, the author, started a firm, which specialized in producing reports, there were only 300 Canadian companies in need of their services in 2008. Currently, Sustainalytics produces data for tens of thousands of organizations in Australia, North America, Asia, and Europe. The author adds that the most significant change has been in how ratings are produced, in which there has been a heightened increase in the ESG ratings. Similarly, Escrig-Olmedo et al. (2019) note that about ten years ago, only the small firms were interested in such information. Many large organizations are now seeking service after recognizing that ESG is a better indicator of sustainability, reputation, and forecast.

Secondly, both articles recognize that ratings are essential for internal benchmarking, decision-making, sustainability, and performance enhancement. MacMahon (2020) explains that the Sustainalytics company classifies each firm into the existing 138 industries with their respective risks. The implication is that the information can be used to rate the level that an individual company is at based on the threats and the performance of rivals. For instance, in the mining industry, the issue of carbon emission is bound to surfaces. The company will also assess the specifics of the company to understand the degree of risk exposure. Given the thoroughness of the process, the financial departments can make informed choices. The other significance is that once the company’s weaknesses have been identified, the organization can make positive adjustments.

Likewise, the paper written by Escrig-Olmedo et al. (2019) recognizes that research agencies provide benchmarks to their clients. The firms have integrated various criteria to enhance robustness and accuracy (Escrig-Olmedo et al., 2019). All the efforts that are being made make it easy to make the right investment decisions. One of the key principles to observe when using ESG is to balance between the long-term and the short-term effects in what Escrig-Olmedo et al. (2019) refer to as the intergenerational perspective. Companies are also competing to improve their performances, thus achieving good ratings.

Thirdly, the articles agree that one of the most significant aspects of the ESG concerns hazards. MacMahon (2020) states that Sustainalytics company always assesses “what risks the businesses are exposed to and how well they’re managing them” (p.53). Similarly, Escrig-Olmedo et al. (2019) agree that market research agencies always integrate the intergenerational risk assessment and other strategies to handle such risks. The rationale for such scrutiny, as inferred from both articles, is responsible for investments to increase the probability of long-term sustainability.

In addition, the authors agree that compared to financial indices, the ESG is more challenging to assess. Escrig-Olmedo et al. (2019) list five problems with the ESG, including lack of transparency, commensurability, stakeholder preferences, trade-offs in the criteria, and not having an overall score. The issue is also addressed by MacMahon (2020), who writes that most of the social and environmental aspects are difficult to measure. Besides, the lack of uniformity in analysis and reporting may make quantification and benchmark complicated.

Having a specific criterion for ESG evaluation is relevant in curbing the aforementioned challenges. One of the issues that major companies are having is “survey fatigue,” which MacMahon (2020) describes as “hearing from too many rating firms that request too much information” (p. 54). There is a need to decide on specific methods that can be followed to determine a firm’s ESG so that only relevant data will be collected. Notably, some scam agencies may use extra details from the firm for scandalous reasons.

There has been a significant increase in market concertation for sustainability rating over the past decade. According to Escrig-Olmedo et al. (2019), many agencies that provide ESG data have sprouted up to meet the “demands of socially responsible investors” (p.3). From 2008, when there was a financial crisis, to 2018, financial stakeholders have shown more interest in getting information about the environmental, social, and ethical nature of a firm. The indices of ESG have significantly increased when the data in 2008 is compared to that in 2018, as illustrated by Escrig-Olmedo et al. The result is that rating enterprises have shifted their focus from being a financial niche to a more diverse business.

Furthermore, integration of the ESG principles is important to achieve standardization of the procedure. The first principle is recognizing that sustainability is multidimensional and comprises of three concepts, namely economic, environmental, and social. Next, there is recognition of the intergenerational perspective, which ensures the evaluation of past performance and forecasting while making preparations for the future. Thirdly is the principle of stakeholder approach in which needs and expectations of relevant individuals presently are addressed in consideration of the projected time. Last but not least is life cycle thinking in which the impacts of upstream and downstream activities are managed (Escrig-Olmedo et al., 2019). When there are regulations governing procedures of obtaining ESG, it will be easy to normalize the applications.

Big data and internet connectivity have played a significant role in the development and use of ESG.

In their article, Escrig-Olmedo et al. (2019) exemplify Morgan Stanley Capital International (MSCI) as a research agency that utilizes this technology. The company took advantage of the big data to expand its scope as an ESG provider. The firm has also developed indices from the massive flow of information that they receive on ratings in the construction industry. Making use of information technology is, thus, a good way for an organization to be more competitive.

The ESG analysis has increased accountability and corporate social responsibility in different industries. For example, the Paris 2016 Agreement on Climate Change made companies conscious of the harm that they possibly cause to the environment (Escrig-Olmedo et al., 2019). However, the expectations of the ESG scores have largely been criticized as being unrealistic. According to MacMahon (2020), ESG controversies and other issues such as the inability to quantify results may result in application challenges. Problems concerning the security and privacy of data have also been raised since some agencies ask for more sensitive information (MacMahon, 2020). Therefore, the need for international standardization cannot be overemphasized so that ESG’s application will be more relevant.

The articles also state that increase in the number of large agency firms that assess ESG is a significant issue with both positive and negative consequences. MacMahon (2020) recalls that when Sustainalytics started, there were only 20 people, but currently, the firm has more than 650 people. The fact that ESG agencies are now “bigger, more professionalized and finance industry-connected” implies they can produce more accurate findings to act as drivers for transforming the firm (Escrig-Olmedo et al. 2019, p. 13). There has been a substantial increase in the analytical rigor and scrutiny of ESG to provide good ratings. However, the rise in the number of researchers without standard ratings makes it difficult to verify the accuracy of the information.

Assessment of the environment, social and corporate governance may offer valid information for internal advocates to promote change. The identification of the risks that a firm is going through is a significant step in transforming a company (MacMahon, 2020). Knowing the problems motivates the managers and auditors to seek solutions. The result is continuous improvement of the organization, and sustainability can be achieved. Since the focus is given to the community and the ecosystem, the overall improvement initiates a web of positive change to all the related stakeholders.

Financial ratings have ceased being the only indices to assess the sustainability level of a firm. Many, large and small, companies are now seeking the services of companies that provide information on other non-financial aspects. The ESG is relevant for benchmarking, risk assessment and management, and promoting informed decision-making. Several criteria and principles are often used for standardization, but there are still challenges since most of the elements that are analyzed cannot be quantified. Increased mergers and acquisitions leading to bigger and more professional agencies and utilization of new information technology such as big data are a positive trend. More research and improvements in ESG are needed to enhance the accuracy of ESG.

Escrig-Olmedo, E., Fernández-Izquierdo, M., Ferrero-Ferrero, I., Rivera-Lirio, J., & Muñoz-Torres, M. (2019). Rating the raters: Evaluating how ESG rating agencies integrate sustainability principles . Sustainability , 11 (3), 1-16. Web.

Esguevillas, C. (2020). Why ESG ratings matter and how companies use them . Simply Sustainable. Web.

MacMahon, S. (2020). The challenge of rating ESG performance . Harvard Business Review , 52-55. Web.

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Environmental Protection Essay

200 Words Essay On Environmental Protection

Understanding the Impact of Human Activity on the Environment

Solutions to Reduce Human Impact on the Environment

Steps Towards Improving Environmental Quality

Examples of Successful Environmental Protection Initiatives

Importance of Sustainable Development for Environmental Protection

Effects of Global Warming on the Environment

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