goa revolution day essay

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Goa Revolution Day: A Forgotten Story

• AUTHOR Carol Lobo
• PUBLISHED 18 June 2021

In the heart of Panaji in Goa is a street with a mysterious name – it simply reads ‘18th June Road’.

But behind the kitsch and other wares being sold to unsuspecting tourists in this shoppers’ haven is the story of one of the most defining events in Goa’s modern history. June 18, 1946, is Goa Revolution Day, the day Goans seized their destiny and vowed to take back their homeland from the Portuguese.

In 1946, Goa was still 15 years from being liberated but the seeds of freedom were sown in a friendship forged between two young students in the University of Berlin in the late 1920s. One was a boy from Goa and the other was a lad from Akbarpur in present-day Uttar Pradesh. They were Juliao Menezes and Ram Manohar Lohia.

Both Menezes and Lohia were driven by a nationalist zeal and bonded instantly over their shared dream. While Lohia acquired a PhD and returned to India in 1933, Menezes completed his MD and returned to Goa in 1938. Menezes then moved to Bombay, from where he campaigned for Goa’s civil liberties. He had stayed in touch with Lohia all those years and, in Bombay, even offered Lohia refuge when he went underground during the Quit India Movement.

– While India calls the Annexation of Goa by the Indian armed forces in 1961 the ‘Liberation of Goa’, the Portuguese call it the ‘Invasion of Goa’.

When Lohia took ill in 1946, Menezes suggested that he convalesce in his home in his village Assolna in South Goa. Lohia accepted the invitation but resting was out of the question. Almost as soon as he got there, on 10th June 1946, a stream of intellectuals and political activists started arriving to discuss Goa's freedom struggle.

And, just like that, in the Menezes home, the movement for Goa’s civil liberties was born.

On 15th June, Menezes and Lohia addressed a public meeting in Panaji. It was an act of civil disobedience as public meetings had been banned by the Portuguese government. But the men were not stopped and, emboldened by their success, they arranged another public rally. This was to be held in Margao on 18th June.

On the appointed date, a massive crowd assembled in the Margao square and they greeted Menezes and Lohia loudly as they drew up in a horse carriage. It was an ingenious way to get around the ban on cars entering the town.

Addressing the people, Menezes and Lohia gave a clarion call to shake off colonial rule and take back what was rightfully theirs. They called for revolution.

– The Portuguese administration did not read the writing on the wall and called the Civil Disobedience Movement a ‘movimento da rua’ or a ‘roadside agitation’.

The Portuguese government was caught completely off-guard. They had not expected such a humongous turnout, and they had not expected such an outpouring from their ‘subjects’.

Menezes and Lohia were arrested and, under the cover of darkness, whisked away to the Panaji police station.

The colonial administration couldn’t have anticipated what happened next. The next day, as news of the arrests spread, Goans took out processions in the streets, in cities and in towns across the state. Refusing to back down, they stubbornly squatted on the roads, chanting slogans such as: “ Jai Hind! Dr Lohia ko chhod do! Dr Juliao Menezes ko chhod do!

Lohia was escorted to the Goa border and released there, while Menezes was let off in Margao.

But the fatal blow had been struck – these two freedom fighters had ushered in a revolution that eventually got Goa her freedom from the Portuguese.

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Goa Revolution Day: Lesser-known facts about the uprising & its heroes

Goa revolution day is celebrated on june 18 every year. it was on this day in 1946 that the people of the region started a mass revolution to take back their homeland from the portuguese..

By CNBCTV18.com   June 16, 2022, 2:01:25 PM IST (Updated)

Goa Revolution Day, one of the most defining events in the history of the state, is celebrated on June 18 every year. It was on this day in 1946 that the people of the region started a mass revolution to take back their homeland from the Portuguese that finally culminated in the region’s independence on December 19, 1961.

Also known as 'Kranti Din', Goa Revolution Day is observed to recall the acts of valour and sacrifice of freedom fighters who fought for the liberation of Goa.

How did it start?

The Goa Revolution started with a civil disobedience movement against the  Portuguese rule on June 18, 1946, at Margao by Dr Ram Manohar Lohia and Dr Julião Menezes.

Who were Lohia and Menezes?

Menezes was born in Assolna and studied in Goa before going to Berlin University in the 1920s to study medicine. He met Lohia, who hailed from Akbarpur in Uttar Pradesh, at the university. The two took active part in the Indian Students’ Union in Berlin. While Lohia returned to India after his PhD in 1933, Menezes returned after completing his MD in 1938.

The two stayed connected and Menezes is said to have offered Lohia refuge when he went underground during the Quit India Movement.

ALSO READ | Goa Statehood Day: How Goans chose to have a separate identity

When Lohia fell sick

When Lohia fell ill in 1946, Menezes invited him to convalesce at his Assolna home in Goa. Soon after Lohia arrived on June 10, 1954, a number of political activists visited him to discuss the colonial situation in Goa.

Start of the movement

Lohia and Menezes decided to defy the ban on public meetings imposed by the Portuguese government, sparking the first civil disobedience movement in Goa.

On June 15, 1946, the two addressed a gathering at Panjim. The police were posted at the spot but did not intervene in the meeting.

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Following the success of the meeting in Panjim, the two came to Margao square on June 18 and were welcomed by a massive crowd. Addressing the crowd, Lohia and Menezes gave a clarion call to shake off the Portuguese rule and create an independent Goa.

The two were arrested and taken to Panjim police station where Lohia was kept in solitary confinement. Later, Lohia was released from prison and deported to British India.

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Explained: Goa Liberation Day and PM Narendra Modi’s visit

While the day is always celebrated with much enthusiasm in the country’s smallest state, the celebrations are expected to have an added dimension this year with assembly elections just a couple of months away.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi will be in Goa on Sunday as the state celebrates its 60th liberation day. The diamond jubilee celebrations were set in motion on December 19, 2020 by President Ram Nath Kovind on banks of the Mandovi river in Panaji, with the state government rolling out many programmes since then. The Centre too had announced a grant of Rs 300 crore for Goa.

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Why does Goa observe liberation day on December 19?

An important port for trade and military operations, Goa was ruled by the Portuguese for more than 450 years. While historically, revolts against Portuguese rulers and their policies were recorded in the 18th and 19th century too, on June 18, 1946, the movement of Goa’s liberation gathered momentum after socialist leader Dr Ram Manohar Lohia plunged himself into the freedom movement with many young Goans. The day is now observed as Goa Revolution Day.

However, even as India became independent on August 15, 1947, Goa continued to be under Portuguese rule 14 years after that. After India’s independence from the British in 1947, the calls for Goa’s Liberation again gathered steam. After multiple agitations by freedom fighters, India made peaceful attempts for Goa’s liberation through diplomatic channels. However, as a last resort, the Indian government then led by Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, sent in its armed forces to the coastal state after which the Portuguese surrendered and Goa was liberated on December 19, 1961. This moment also marked the exit of the Portuguese, the last of the European colonisers to leave India.

What was ‘Operation Vijay’?

Perhaps the first tri-service operation of the Indian armed forces, Operation Vijay was about the liberation of the Portuguese territories of Goa, Daman and Diu. While the Indian government was prepared to take military action since the beginning of December 1, it culminated into the 36-hour military operation that started on December 18, 1961 and concluded on December 19, 1961.

While the army advanced into Goa from the North and the East, the Indian Air Force bombed the Portuguese airbase at Dabolim. The Indian Navy was tasked with preventing hostile action by Portuguese warships, securing access to the Mormugao harbour, and securing the Anjadip island off Karwar.

By the evening of December 19, 1961, Portuguese Governor General Vassalo De Silva had signed the document of surrender after Indian armed forces, led by the army and backed by the air force and navy, had outnumbered and overwhelmed the Portuguese. Goa was then brought under the control of the Indian government.

On Sunday, the Prime Minister will also release a Special Cover and Special Cancellation to mark the commemoration of Indian Armed Forces freeing Goa from Portuguese rule. This special episode of history is etched on the war memorial at Indian Naval Ship Gomantak, constructed in memory of seven young sailors and other personnel who laid down their lives in “Operation Vijay” that led to Goa’s liberation.

What happened after the liberation of Goa?

Goa was annexed into the Indian union and was the Union Territory of Goa, Daman and Diu. In 1967, however, the question of whether the state should merge with Maharashstra or not was answered through a plebiscite in which the majority of the Goan people voted against a merger. It continued to remain a Union Territory until 1987 when it was accorded statehood. Goa became India’s 25th state even as Daman and Diu continue to be Union Territories.

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What are the various events that are part of the 60th year celebrations?

While the state government had held various events under the ‘Goa@60’ theme including a women’s parliament and a youth parliament, PM Modi is slated to inaugurate major projects in the state on Sunday including the inauguration of the renovated Fort Aguada Jail Museum in North Goa and the Super Specialty Block at the Goa Medical College and Hospital.

The Prime Minister will inaugurate projects in both North and South Goa including the New South Goa District Hospital, Aviation Skill Development Center at Mopa Airport and the Gas insulated Substation at Dabolim-Navelim, Margao. He will also lay the foundation Stone for India International University of Legal Education and Research of Bar Council of India Trust at Goa.

WhilePM Modi had earlier virtually interacted with officials and beneficiaries of Goa government’s Swayampurna Goa programme that is modeled after the Atmanirbhar Bharat programme, he will be awarding the best performing village panchayats, municipalities and ‘Swayampurna Mitras’. He is also scheduled to visit the Azad Maidan in Panaji to pay tribute at the Martyr’s Memorial and attend the Sail Parade and Fly Past at Miramar, Panaji.

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Goa Revolution Day: Honoring Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia and the Freedom Fighters

• June 18, 2023 March 23, 2024

Remembering the Spirit of Revolution and the Liberation of Goa

Date: June 18, 2023

Goa, a coastal paradise known for its sandy beaches and vibrant culture, celebrates a momentous occasion today—the Goa Revolution Day.

On this auspicious day, we pay homage to the indomitable spirit of revolution that brought freedom to the land and honor the visionary leader, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia, and all the brave freedom fighters who played a pivotal role in the liberation of our beloved Goa.

It was on this day, several decades ago, that Goa’s struggle for independence reached its zenith. The tireless efforts and unwavering determination of our freedom fighters ignited the torch of revolution, leading to the eventual liberation from colonial rule.

Their courage and sacrifice remain etched in the annals of history, serving as an inspiration for generations to come.

Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia , a prominent socialist leader and a staunch advocate of India’s independence, played a significant role in galvanizing the Goan masses during the freedom struggle.

His relentless pursuit of justice and his unwavering commitment to the principles of freedom and progress resonated deeply with the people of Goa. Dr. Lohia’s speeches and writings, which emphasized the empowerment of the marginalized and the upliftment of the downtrodden, helped fuel the spirit of revolution.

On this occasion, we remember and honor all the brave souls who fought fearlessly against colonial oppression. They faced numerous challenges, enduring sacrifices and hardships, yet never wavered in their commitment to secure a better future for Goa.

Their unwavering spirit and dedication serve as a reminder that the path to freedom is paved with sacrifice, unity, and resilience.

As we celebrate Goa Revolution Day, it is vital to reaffirm our commitment to upholding the principles for which our freedom fighters fought.

We must strive to build a society that cherishes and preserves the values of freedom, justice, and progress. It is incumbent upon us, the inheritors of their legacy, to protect and nurture the hard-won freedom and work towards the betterment of our beloved Goa.

Goa, a shining example of multiculturalism and harmony, continues to thrive as an independent state. The liberation of Goa marked the beginning of a new chapter in its history—one filled with immense possibilities and opportunities.

Today, as we reflect on the past and celebrate the present, let us remember the sacrifices made by our forefathers and recommit ourselves to creating a future that they would be proud of.

On this joyous occasion, let us come together as one and extend warm wishes to the people of Goa. May the spirit of revolution continue to inspire and guide us as we strive for a brighter and more prosperous future.

Happy Goa Revolution Day!

Byline: Goamygoa

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EXPLAINED: Why Goa Revolution Day Is Celebrated? Complete History of Goa 'Kranti Din'

• Google News

Goa Revolution Day 2022 : Every year on June 18, Goa Revolution Day commemorates one of the state's most pivotal moments in history. The people of the region began a great revolution on this day in 1946 to reclaim their homeland from the Portuguese, which ended in the territory's independence on December 19, 1961.

Goa Revolution Day, also known as 'Kranti Din,' commemorates the valour and sacrifice of independence warriors who battled for the liberation of Goa.

Goa Revolution Day pic.twitter.com/OIoakQEuNf — INFO TECH CORPORATION OF GOA LTD. (@itg_goa) June 18, 2020

Goa Revolution Day Importance: Why Goa Revolution Day is Observed on 18 June?

Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia and Dr. Juliao Menezes appealed to the Goans (people of Goa) on June 18, 1946, to resist the Portuguese persecution and fight for their freedom. They wanted to bring the Goans together for a single cause: a better living, a better future, and liberation from oppression. Since then, the Goa Revolution Day has been commemorated. As a result, 18 June is observed as Revolution Day (Kranti Din) to remember the Goan people's struggle for independence.

On this day, Governor Bharat Vir Wanchoo led the people of Goa to Azad Maidan in Panaji to pay homage to the revered martyrs who laid down their lives for the freedom of Goa from Portuguese colonial rule.

#Goa Chief Minister #PramodSawant extended greetings to the locals on the occasion of Goa Revolution Day and paid rich tributes to freedom fighters. Photo: @DrPramodPSawant (File) pic.twitter.com/0NvHEYTYsh — IANS (@ians_india) June 17, 2022

Revolutionaries Ram Manohar Lohia and Juliao Menezes

Menezes was born in Assolna and studied in Goa before attending Berlin University to study medicine in the 1920s. At university, he met Lohia, who was from Akbarpur, Uttar Pradesh. In Berlin, the two were active members of the Indian Students' Union. Menezes returned to India after finishing his MD in 1938, while Lohia returned after earning his PhD in 1933.

Menezes is claimed to have granted Lohia refuge when he went underground during the Quit India Movement, and the two stayed in touch.

Goa Revolution Day History

Lohia and Menezes resolved to disobey the Portuguese government's ban on public meetings, igniting Goa's first civil disobedience movement.

The two spoke to a crowd in Panjim on June 15, 1946. The cops were stationed nearby, but they did not intervene in the meeting.

Following the success of their encounter in Panjim, the two arrived at Margao square on June 18 before. Lohia and Menezes addressed the crowd, calling for an end to Portuguese rule and the creation of an independent Goa.

The two were apprehended and transferred to the Panjim police station, where Lohia was detained and held in solitary custody. Lohia was eventually released and sent to British India.

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On this glorious day of Goa Revolution on 18th June, I convey my warm greetings and good wishes to the people of Goa, particularly to all the Freedom Fighter brothers and sisters.

2. The evening of 18th June, 1946 at Margao is an unforgettable day in the history of Goa’s Freedom struggle. It is on this evening that Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia a great nationalist and valiant Freedom Fighter against the British Rule, arrived in Margao and defied the Portuguese regime to make a speech that electrified and galvanised the masses to aggressively fight for their freedom from a very repressive Portuguese colonial rule. Dr. Lohia had actually come to take rest in Goa in the Assolna home of Dr. Julias Menezes who was his friend. However, the moment he arrived in Goa, he became restless when he heard about the oppressive rule of the Portuguese regime and denial of basic civil rights to the people of Goa. Thus begun a new defining phase of Goa’s freedom struggle that ended with the liberation of Goa, 15 years later on 19-12-1961.

3. On this day, let us salute the towering stature of Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia and bow our heads in homage to all the freedom fighters from Goa and other States who suffered and sacrificed their lives for achievement of liberation of Goa. Let us also remember with the gratitude all the freedom fighters who are still living today and make it a point to remember and recognize their noble services because of which today all the people of Goa are able to enjoy freedom and determine their own destiny.

4. On this historic occasion let us to pledge to dedicate ourselves to promote peace and prosperity in the State of Goa.

P.S. Sreedharan Pillai

Governor of Goa

16th June, 2022

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Goa Revolution Day 2023: History and significance

E very year, the Goa Revolution Day is celebrated on June 18th to mark the day when the liberation struggle against Portuguese colonial rule began in the year 1946. The Goa Revolution Day is also known as Goa Kranti Diwas.

In the history of India, the day is marked when the Indian National Army led by Captain Ram Manohar Lohia, along with the people of Goa (goan), began their struggle to make Goa independent from Portuguese rule.

History and significance of the Goa Revolution Day:

The Goa locals celebrate this day in remembrance of their freedom fighters and their struggle for liberation.

The day marks the anniversary of the historic protest that took place in 1946 against the Portuguese colonial government`s oppressive policies. The protest was led by Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia, an Indian freedom fighter who called for a non-violent demonstration against the Portuguese regime.

The Goans take part in various activities and events such as rallies, parades, marches, and functions. Through these activities, the locals pay homage to those freedom fighters who sacrificed their lives for the cause of Goa`s freedom.

In 1961, India launched a military operation to liberate Goa from Portuguese rule, which was successful.

During the protest, the Portuguese police opened fire on the peaceful demonstrators. Several people were killed and many people were injured in the incident. 

the government organises various cultural programs to pay tribute to the freedom fighters.

Remembering the history of this day, Goa`s Raj Bhavan website states, "The evening of 18th June 1946 at Margao is an unforgettable day in the history of Goa’s Freedom struggle. It is on this evening that Dr Ram Manohar Lohia a great nationalist and valiant Freedom Fighter against British Rule arrived in Margao and defied the Portuguese regime to make a speech that electrified and galvanised the masses to aggressively fight for their freedom from a very repressive Portuguese colonial rule. Dr. Lohia had actually come to take rest in Goa in the Assolna home of Dr. Julias Menezes who was his friend. However, the moment he arrived in Goa, he became restless when he heard about the oppressive rule of the Portuguese regime and denial of basic civil rights to the people of Goa. Thus begun a new defining phase of Goa’s freedom struggle that ended with the liberation of Goa, 15 years later on 19-12-1961."

Revisit History - What do we really know about Goa Revolution Day and Dr Ram Manohar Lohia?

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Goa Liberation Day: Its history, significance and ‘Operation Vijay’

The occasion is always, understandably, celebrated with fervour in the smallest state of india..

Goa Liberation Day: Goa is marking its 60th Liberation Day on Sunday, and the state is celebrating the occasion with much fervour. In fact, the celebrations for the diamond jubilee of the event was set into motion on Goa Liberation Day last year itself by President Ram Nath Kovind, while he was visiting Panaji. Since then, the state government began many programmes for the event, with the Centre also announcing a grant of Rs 300 crore for Goa, according to a report by IE. The occasion is always, understandably, celebrated with fervour in the smallest state of India. But what is Goa Liberation Day and why is it important? Find out here.

Goa Liberation Day: History and Significance

Goa had been an important port for trade as well as military operations of the Portuguese, who ruled the region for over four and a half centuries. Though the area did revolt against the Portuguese, as on record, in the 18th and 19th centuries, it was on June 18, 1946, that the movement for liberation of Goa started gaining momentum as socialist Dr Ram Manohar Lohia joined Goans in their struggle. June 18, therefore, is celebrated in the state as Goa Revolution Day.

Despite this struggle, and despite India gaining Independence from British rule on August 15, 1947, the Portuguese did not liberate Goa until 14 years later. Once India attained freedom, the call for independence of Goa from Portuguese rule intensified, and while some freedom fighters led agitations, many others attempted to hold peaceful talks to get the country free using diplomacy.

At the end, however, Indian Armed Forces were sent by then PM Jawaharlal Nehru, post which the Portuguese rulers surrendered and liberated Goa on December 19, 1961.

With this, the last of the European colonisers left India.

During this liberation of Goa and Daman and Diu from Portugues, the tri-services of the Indian Armed Forces carried out Operation Vijay, a 36-hour military operation that began on December 18, 1961, and concluded on December 19, 1961. The Indian Army entered Goa from the East and North, while the Indian Air Force bombed Dabolim-based airbase of the Portuguese rulers. Meanwhile, the Indian Navy took its position and secured access to Mormugao harbour and Anjadip island to prevent the Portuguese warships from taking any action.

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Goa Liberation Day 2022: History, significance, and everything you need to know

Here is all you need to know about the goa liberation day..

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'Goa Liberation Day' is celebrated on December 19 to commemorate the state's liberation from Portuguese rule in 1961. As part of Operation Vijay, the Indian armed forces used the armed forces trifecta with the help of local resistance movements to eradicate European rule from the country.

On Goa Liberation Day, I convey my greetings to all fellow citizens, especially the people of Goa. We pay homage to the freedom fighters who fought for liberation of Goa from colonial rule. We salute our armed forces for their valour. My best wishes to the people of the state. — President of India (@rashtrapatibhvn) December 19, 2022

GOA LIBERATION DAY HISTORY:

It took Goa 14 years after India gained independence from Portuguese rule to become independent.

On December 19, 1961, Jawaharlal Nehru sent armed forces to the coastal state. The Portuguese surrendered and the state was liberated. As a result, Goa, Daman, and Diu became Union Territories of India.

Goa continued to be a Union Territory till 1987 and then was given statehood by becoming the 25th state of India. Published By: Animesh Bhardwaj Published On: Dec 19, 2022 --- ENDS --- READ | How iPhone users can hide or show likes and saved playlists on YouTube

Goa gets ready to celebrate Revolution Day tomorrow

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