media critique essay example

Media Critique

What can a media critique look like, analyzing: film.

What Works Well

Sicario: the mirage of a moral world.

• [00:00:08] A very brief background on Denis Villeneuve’s directorial style and themes about to be covered
• [00:00:38] Strong thesis statement that breaks down the mission of the video
• [00:02:22] Thoughtful observations on the use of color, with many visual examples to demonstrate
• [00:04:36] Many quick cuts of different scenes to prove a point, efficiently
• [00:04:53] Using audio from the source, sparingly, to supplement voice over for added emphasis
• [00:07:10] A strong conclusion, using the final moments of the film to tie everything together

What The Truman Show Teaches Us About Politics

• [00:00:00] Opening with an important and relevant quote from the story, introduces some basics and sets up the following topic
• [00:00:36] Using sound effects to draw attention; Integrating a quote from Homer to relate back to themes of the film; great use of text on screen
• [00:01:02] Describing commonly held conceptions, and why the film subverts those standards
• [00:01:46] Relating to the viewer, and universalizing concepts of the story
• [00:02:33] Excellent use of a graphic and contemporary humor
• [00:02:47] A nice, seamless blend of voice over audio and film audio. This breaks up the narrators thoughts
• [00:03:07] Drawing from multiple sources and modern day events
• [00:04:07] Using the film’s soundtrack to align with the climax of the writer’s points
• [00:05:34] A callback to an earlier point made at the start of the video
• Overall, just a very well narrated, reasoned, well-paced, and methodic media critique. Words are carefully chosen, and points are clear and well explained.

Melancholia: Life Out of Proportion

• [00:00:49] Direct audio from interview with the director, Lars Von Trier
• [00:01:25] Supporting dialogue to augment the narration, but only when needed
• [00:02:06] Breaking the flow to set up a new argument with visual effect
• [00:03:01] Clear summation of supporting evidence for point being made
• [00:03:29] Break from narration to clear sound effect from film for emphasis
• [00:03:33] Excellent inclusion of images of artworks to support the visual references
• [00:04:58] Clear segue into concluding the argument

Analyzing: Television

The Handmaid’s Tale: A World in Shallow Focus

• [00:00:13] Excellent use of simple paper set up to demonstrate concept
• [00:01:08] Graphics are clean and make a point without text
• [00:01:26] Strong use of text to delineate three points being made
• [00:02:40] Scene choices speak back to the narration very clearly here
• [00:03:09] Referencing Kubrik’s work and then going into a quick montage
• [00:03:17] Transition into next point in argument is narratively, visually strong
• [00:04:12] Compare/constrast with Gilead vs modern world made well

Analyzing: Novel

House of Leaves: The Horror of Fiction

• [00:00:05] Right from the start, we are presented with images of famous horror scenes from film
• [00:00:21] Use of historical art to depict the house begins early, establishing this visualization
• [00:00:32] Animation helps describe the contents of the novel visually for those that are less familiar
• [00:01:05] Printed text of the page in a collage-style is visually interesting and encourages a closer read
• [00:01:54] Record scratch and zoom in on footnotes nicely reinforces the conflicting nature of the text
• [00:03:15] Direct quote style used nicely to support a key compare/contrast within the argument

Analyzing: Animation

Is BMO from Adventure Time Expressive of Feminism?

• [00:00:07] Backdrop is infinitely doable as green screen
• [00:00:17] Unrelated but entertaining clips support narration
• [00:00:42] Picture-in-picture examples perfectly support narration
• [00:01:02] Break for clarity helps prepare intended audience for argument
• [00:01:27] Historical images connect to specific facts, timeline
• [00:02:12] Introducing text, authors is an effective visual “citation”
• [00:03:44] Connection to similar scenario outside the program

Analyzing: Painting

The Most Disturbing Painting

• [00:00:00] Appropriately haunting music, and disturbing (yet appropriate) sound effects
• [00:01:04] Ken Burns effect used for a slow reveal
• [00:02:15] Ken Burns effect also used to zoom around the painting, and bring attention to the specific points the writer makes
• [00:02:54] Background and historical context
• [00:03:24] Quick cuts and increased speed to cover a lot of ground in seconds
• [00:04:40] A clever use of audio muffling and sound effects to simulate the experience of going deaf
• [00:06:43] Unique video effect to emphasize distortion
• [00:07:15] No hesitation with leaving the same image on screen for an extended period of time. Gives the viewer a chance to really contemplate and absorb the painting

Analyzing: Music

The Cultural Enormity of The Beatles and Radiohead

• [00:00:00] Numerous examples of albums that have been influential, or reflective of their times
• [00:00:12] A smooth transition and animation to lead into main topic
• [00:00:25] A well-stated thesis and explanation of why these bands are worth discussing; Using screen recording
• [00:00:46] Archival footage for cultural context
• [00:01:41] Archival audio during the height of The Beatles’ rise, giving a background on the band
• [00:02:16] Citing notable cultural and political events of the 60s
• [00:03:10] Nice contrasting of the two bands
• [00:03:47] Good use of text, showing lyrics that exemplify the writer’s point
• [00:05:24] Moving into similarities that both bands share
• [00:05:58] Not just focusing on the music, but examining the far-reaching impact that each group has had in society and the music industry
• [00:07:11] Reserving any actual music from either band until the very end. Ending with perhaps the most iconic Radiohead song

Analyzing: Game

Night In The Woods: Do You Always Have A Choice?

• [00:00:00] Starting with a quote from an unrelated story, and unrelated medium, to establish a frame of mind
• [00:00:04] Great use of on-screen text, matching with the voiceover
• [00:00:47] Offering background information on the game’s creator
• [00:01:23] The inclusion of many examples from different media to prove the current point
• [00:02:33] Incorporating a direct quote on-screen, but reading the quote aloud to emphasize its importance
• [00:03:59] Analysis of gameplay mechanics that are reflective of the themes of the game
• [00:04:27] Addressing potential questions that could be posed about this game format, preemptively
• [00:06:10] Using a quote from a developer to summarize the thesis
• [00:06:25] A well-crafted conclusion, and excellent use of music for the credits

Analyzing: Body of Work

David Lynch: The Treachery of Language

This video is incredibly well put together, citing multiple sources, integrating text and graphics, and showcasing so many different works and media from David Lynch. The author is very articulate, clever and creative.

• [00:00:00] Archival footage
• [00:00:31] Fantastic use of on-screen text that aligns with the style of the art being discussed.
• [00:00:55] Pulling in other sources and critiques for particular examples
• [00:01:18] Quick cuts to show many examples, but also create momentum through editing
• [00:01:33] Fantastic use of graphics
• [00:02:57] A good blend of audio
• [00:04:43] The Ken Burns effect to reveal more information
• [00:06:21] A great transition from one section of the essay to the next. Specifically, moving from artwork into motion picture work
• [00:08:27] Cross dissolve from one image into the next
• [00:10:43] Appropriate credits for footage and outside sources

David Fincher: And the Other Way is Wrong

• [00:00:07] A nice showcase of various clips from the director’s oeuvre; titles to let you know the director he will be discussing
• [00:00:59] Explains why Fincher, and this topic, is unique
• [00:01:30] Direct audio from Fincher himself, explaining his filmmaking mindset
• [00:01:36] References the previous commentary and responds with visuals
• [00:02:23] Uses other films to compare and contrast style, along with another direct quote about camerawork
• [00:04:11] A wonderful, in-depth analysis of a Fincher dialogue scene, which proves all the points the writer has been making thus far
• [00:05:13] Another analysis of a later scene with the same three characters, which gives the writer a pattern with which to prove his point
• [00:06:17] Behind-the-scenes footage
• [00:06:48] Touches on both sides of liking or disliking Fincher, but that the artistry can’t be denied
• [00:07:03] Ending with humor

What do I need to make a Media Critique?

• A show, movie, book or other content that you would like to analyze.
• An argument about what sets it apart, evidences its quality, shows a particular viewpoint, etc.
• A script that will be the basis for your voiceover narration.
• Supporting text, graphics, videos clips, photos and background music, as needed.
• A storyboard to organize the content you have gathered – and lead you to other materials to fill gaps.
• Editing software such as iMovie or Adobe Premiere to assemble the pieces.
• A publishing platform for getting your video online: YouTube, Box, Spark and more are options.

What kinds of Media Critiques have other students made?

What resources are available to help with my Media Critique?

Acquiring source material, some helpful resources, downloading content from streaming services, recording screen content.

Note: Some streaming services will block screen recording.

Ripping Content from Disc

Once you have your disc(s) in hand, you can use a program like Handbrake on the Media Commons editing stations to rip the portions you need to a .mp4 file.

Finding Paintings, Historical Images & More

Adding supporting content, free media library, citing all of your materials, university libraries citation guides, citation engines.

Note: These engines can only produce citations as good as the information you feed into them. Always double-check before submitting.

Ready to Get Started?

Are you a student who’s been assigned a media critique and you need some extra help? Contact us at our Hotline or make an appointment to work with a consultant (University Park only).

Media Analysis – An Explanation for Undergraduates

Media analysis is a research methodology used in mass communication studies, media studies, cultural studies, and the social sciences. It is defined as the analysis and critique of media.

The aim of media analysis is to understand media’s potential to impact individuals and society. Media analysis has two main purposes:

• Critique of Media: It can identify how groups in society such as women and people of color are represented in the media to help us understand systemic racism and sexism, and can help expose media bias .
• Media Campaign Research: It can also help media companies identify gaps in the advertising landscape to better promote their own products.

What is Media Analysis?

Media analysis studies texts: books, letters, videos, television shows, blogs, movies, newspapers, etc. It looks directly at media texts (rather than interviewing media producers) and reflects on what they collectively say about an issue. Here are some useful scholarly definitions that you could use in an essay:

• Media analysis is the study of “what is said on a given subject in a given place at a given time” within the media (Lasswell, Lerner and Pool, 1952, p. 34) – this is one of the first ever definitions.
• “Content analysis is a research method that uses a set of procedures to make valid inferences from text” (Weber, 1990, p. 9)
• “Critical media analysis means thinking critically about the impact of the media on the distribution of power in society.” (Stocchetti & Kukkonen, 2011, p. 13)
• It “is a research technique that is based on measuring the amount of something (violence, negative portrayals of women, or whatever) in a representative sampling of some mass-mediated popular form of art” (Berger, 2005, p. 25)
• It is “a technique for gathering and analysing the content of text.” (Neuman, 1997, p. 272)

How to do Media Analysis

Media content analysis can be conducted in multiple ways. But, media analysis has two core elements that must always be looked at systematically: the text and its content.

The text is the thing you look at while conducting your analysis. Neuman (1997, p. 273) describes a text as: “anything written, visual, or spoken that serves as a medium for communication”. Usually, we try to look at a wide range of texts within a defined period of time (say, maybe all superhero movies in 2020; or, all newspaper articles published in national newspapers about Trump in July 2020). This helps increase the validity of the analysis. Texts can be:

• Newspaper articles
• Email chains
• Television shows
• Advertisements
• YouTube videos
• Etc. etc. etc.

The content is the ‘stuff’ that you analyze within the text. Neuman (1997, p. 273) defines content as “words, meanings, pictures, symbols, ideas, themes, or any message that can be communicated.” To analyze this content, we might count the amount of positive versus negative statements about someone, how a camera frames someone as powerful or weak, the amount of time someone is given to speak, and so forth. Generally, content can be broken down into four categories:

• Written: words, sentences, paragraphs, etc.
• Sonic / Audible: spoken words, music, sound effects, etc.
• Visual: Images, pictures, color schemes, camera angles, facial expressions, etc.
• Motive: The pace at which things move, the direction they move, etc.

Quantitative Techniques

‘Quantitative’ approaches to media analysis use measurable scientific approaches to analyze media texts. These approaches will involve counting exact numbers, ratios, percentages, etc. to get objective facts about media representation. Below are the two major quantitative approaches to media analysis.

1. Quantitative Content Analysis

Quantitative methods count the numbers of mentions, keywords, latent semantic keywords, etc. in order to create measurable comparisons. Comparisons can be made between media texts (e.g. “Which media are more inclusive of women?”, or between elements within a text (e.g. “What is the ratio between white and non-white representation within this text?”). Usually, software tools are employed during quantitative content analysis to create a reliable and objective overview of media representation.

2. Laswell’s Method

Laswell’s method is the oldest method of media analysis. For Laswell, you can do a simple critique of media representation by asking the following 5 questions:

• Who? Look at the media channel doing the communication. Are they respectable? Are they historically biased? Do they follow journalistic ethics? Who funds them?
• Says What? Look at what is being said. How does it frame the issue?
• In which Channel? Look at the means of communication. Is it television, blogs, podcasts, etc.? How does the channel / medium impact the message being communicated? Is it a medium that attracts millenials, or baby boomers?
• To Whom? Look at who the target audience is. What might this say about why the message is framed the way it is?
• With what Effect? Has the media had an impact on politics, public discourse, the growth of certain movements, or the increased sale of certain products?

3. Quantitative Approach – Advantages & Disadvantages

Advantages of a quantitative approach:

• It can seem more reliable because it provides objective figures.
• It provides direct measurable comparisons.

Disadvantages of a quantitative approach:

• Lack of context. Often, only subjective human analysis can identify how media manipulates people.
• Media analysis is about looking at how media is manipulative; it’s hard to use machines to pick up on the nuances of media techniques.

Qualitative Techniques

Qualitative methods are much more common for media analysis these days. Many researchers have realized it’s very hard to provide a deep analysis of media texts using hard scientific methods .

There are a lot of little human nuances in meda that require deep explanations and a critical human eye critiquing texts. This is where qualitative approaches are very beneficial. Below are the two major qualitative approaches to media analysis.

1. Social Semiotics

‘Semiotics’ is the study of signs and symbols. It was invented by Ferdinand de Saussure who explored how ‘signs’ create ‘meaning’. ‘Social semiotics’ is a more contemporary approach, which not only looks at signs. It also looks at how signs get their meaning from culture. For example, a red octagon doesn’t naturally mean ‘Stop sign’. But, in our culture, we know that it nearly always means that because it’s the meaning our culture gave to the sign. To do a Social Semiotic Analysis, closely examine the texts you want to analyse. Watch / read / listen to them and take notes on the contents:

• Sounds: What sounds are present and how do they influence the message? For example, if there is classical music, it may mean a different audience is appealed to than rap music. We know this because we have a finger on the pulse of our culture – we know what social groups rap music would appeal to.
• Words: Are there words or phrases that jump out to you for the way they frame particular groups? Take note of these words and phrases and how frequently they’re used.
• Images: How do the images influence us? If the color scheme is mostly blue, perhaps the text is designed to soothe and calm us. If there are images of someone in a white doctor’s coat, is it an advertisement trying to tell us that the product is backed by science? If there are low camera angles looking up at someone, is it trying to make that person appear powerful? Etc.

A social semiotic analysis would then create a group of themes to discuss. A theme might be: “Women are represented as powerful in this text.” Another might be: “Most dental advertisements use scientific language to convince viewers.”

2. Discourse Analysis

Discourse analysis explores discourses (messages circulating in society). It was created by Michel Foucault in the 1970s. It has become a very popular way of examining media texts to figure out how power is reproduced through media bias . Discourse analysis is very similar to social semiotics. In fact, I would recommend combining the two. However, discourse analysis is unique in that its focus is on power. It wants to explore how media silences some people and empowers others. Here are some unique aspects of a discourse analysis to look out for when looking at media texts:

• Who is silenced by the text? When closely examining your texts, think about who is absent in the text. This means not just looking at what’s said and shown. You also need to look at what isn’t said. What’s not shown is just as important as what is shown.
• What do silences say about the message? Once you know what isn’t said and shown, what can you infer from this? Is the media conveniently excluding certain points because they don’t adhere to capitalist consumer society? Are marginalized groups and their views missing from mainstream media?
• What is presumed as ‘true’ and what is presumed as ‘untrue’ within media messages? According to discourse analysis, truth is produced by discourse (the messages that circulate in society). So, discourse analysis critiques what is presumed to be true and untrue within media and how this might change over time.

3. Qualitative Approach – Advantages & Disadvantages 

Advantages of a qualitative approach:

• Human communication is very hard to measure quantitatively. Quantitative methods can’t pick up the subtle cultural, social and political messages in media.
• Qualitative research gives deep, detailed explanations using ‘thick description’ of data. It can be very convincing, if done well.

Disadvantages of a qualitative approach:

• Validity and authority is hard to achieve because researcher interpretation is central to this style of research.
• It has been accused of bias and hyper-subjectivity. Many people see it as a psudo-science where any researcher can come up with any results they want so long as their arguments are convincing. See: the grievance studies hoax.

Example of Media Analysis

“How do Car Advertisements on Television Represent Women?”

You gather all car advertisements in the national archives of advertising from the past 3 years. It’s 250 advertisements. You decide to conduct a media discourse analysis. You watch all advertisements, and take notes on:

• How many advertisements depict women
• What roles women take in the advertisements
• How women are spoken about in the advertisements

You review your notes, and find three themes:

• Women are only shown in 25% of advertisements
• Women are driving trucks in only 5% of advertisements
• When women are depicted, they’re predominantly sexualized and shown as objects of men’s desire

Strengths & Weaknesses of Media Analysis

• It helps to show how media contributes to social and cultural biases which could marginalize some members of society.
• It helps us reflect on power relationships.
• It can create a case to media departments about how best to advertise a product in the marketplace.
• It is often accused of having very little real-life relevance . A descriptive overview of media’s biases may be a good academic exercise, but it’s not the most desirable skill to have for future employers.
• There is so much media these days that it’s hard to get a snapshot of the whole media landscape. You usually have to zoom-in on small market subsets which are case studies that cannot provide broad overgeneralizations .

Altheide, D. & Schneider, C. (2013). Qualitative Media Analysis. Los Angeles: SAGE.

Berger, A. (2005). Media research techniques. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

Fairclough, N. (2010). Critical analysis of media discourse. In: Thornham, S., Bassett, C., & Marris, P. (Eds.). Media studies: A reader . New York: NYU Press.

Kress, G. R., & Van Leeuwen, T. (2006). Reading images: The grammar of visual design . Sydney: Psychology Press.

Macnamara, J. (2005). Media content analysis: Its uses, benefits and Best Practice Methodology. Asia Pacific Public Relations Journal, 6 (1), 1– 34.

Neuman, W. L. (1997). Social research methods: qualitative and quantitative approaches. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon

Stocchetti, M. & Kukkonen, K. (2011). Critical Media Analysis: An Introduction for Media Professionals. Frankfurt: Peter Yang.

Chris Drew (PhD)

Dr. Chris Drew is the founder of the Helpful Professor. He holds a PhD in education and has published over 20 articles in scholarly journals. He is the former editor of the Journal of Learning Development in Higher Education. [Image Descriptor: Photo of Chris]

• Chris Drew (PhD) https://helpfulprofessor.com/author/chris-drew-phd/ 5 Top Tips for Succeeding at University
• Chris Drew (PhD) https://helpfulprofessor.com/author/chris-drew-phd/ 50 Durable Goods Examples
• Chris Drew (PhD) https://helpfulprofessor.com/author/chris-drew-phd/ 100 Consumer Goods Examples
• Chris Drew (PhD) https://helpfulprofessor.com/author/chris-drew-phd/ 30 Globalization Pros and Cons

3 thoughts on “Media Analysis – An Explanation for Undergraduates”

Dear Chris, Thank you for mentioning our books. However, you have misspelled our names. ‘Stocchetti’ is with two ‘c’ and it is ‘Kukkonen’, and not ‘Kukkonon’

Matteo Stocchetti

Apologies – that’s been fixed. Thanks for stopping by and thanks for your useful book on Media Analysis!

Regards, Chris

I found this so interesting and useful as a media analyst in the making. Thanks to you Dr. Chris.

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100 Media Analysis Essay Topics & Examples

Welcome to our list of media analysis essay topics! Here, you will find plenty of content analysis topic ideas. Use them to write a critical paper, a literary analysis, or a mass-media related project. As a bonus, we’ve included media analysis example essays!

🔝 Top 10 Media Analysis Topics for 2024

🏆 best media analysis topic ideas & essay examples, ⭐ interesting topics to write about media analysis, ✅ simple & easy media analysis essay titles, 🔥 content analysis topic ideas.

• Portrayal of Women in Ads
• Media Bias in Political Reporting
• Representation and Diversity on TV
• Social Media’s Impact on Self-Esteem
• Media Coverage of Humanitarian Crises
• How Are News on Climate Change Framed?
• Consequences of Fake News and Misinformation
• How Gender Roles Are portrayed in Children’s Media
• Does Violence in Video Games Lead to Aggressive Behavior?
• The Relationship of Media and Public Opinion in Elections
• The Media Economics Analysis In addition, the assessment of the economics of media reveals crucial information about the production, distribution, and consumption patterns of the media services and products.
• Media Analysis of 13 Reasons Why According to the laws of the genre, the atmosphere is intensified, the pace accelerates, and the turns in the plot become more and more abrupt.
• Analysis of Media Strategies This is because it uses a reverse marketing strategy which states that the less the advertisement, the higher the pricing and the harder it becomes to find it, the higher the chances that people will […]
• “Super Bowl LVI Today: Day 1” Media Analysis Hence, it is essential to consider the priorities of the mass communication organization, namely the tone, look and advertising in the show.
• Sociological Media Analysis: “The Bachelor” and “One Day at a Time” The show is misogynistic, with the male protagonist playing the role of the pursuer and the female protagonist assuming the role of the pursued.
• Historical Components of Media Analysis In the case of Mumford and McLuhan, Carey observes that the writing and interpretation of media can result in the reconstruction of wider arguments and even the selection of an antagonistic agent.
• Analysis of Social Media Tools in Business The last item, the detailed analytics of the content and activity, allows for the development of the more efficient business strategy based on the subscribers’ preferences.
• Media Literacy Research: Analysis of the Issue In the process of research, I have significantly expanded my ability to access and analyze media messages as well as to use the power of information to communicate and make a difference in the world.
• Media Influences Learning: Analysis The use of media in learning leads to the achievement of positive outcomes if the medium used is interrelated and confounding.
• Media Analysis: Abuse Over Vaccine Passports The article uses the direct quotations of the restaurant owners, thus making the most of the story based in the first person.
• Media Analysis: Ageism in Advertisement In addition to the idea of saving communicated in E-trade’s ad, the commercial also seems to convey the hope of work among the old population.
• Media Bias Fact Check: Website Analysis For instance, Fact Check relies on the evidence provided by the person or organization making a claim to substantiate the accuracy of the source.
• Social Media Presence Analysis I think it expresses engagement within my workplace and willingness to learn more to either explore new ideas, be a part of the discussion, and make sure the information I am gathering is accurate and […]
• The HopeLine: Website and Social Media Analysis The organization’s social media and the site contain a body of knowledge that might be also informative or important to revise for the current employees, for instance types and signs of abuse.
• Media Analysis: Gideon’s Trumpet As it has been mentioned above, the purpose of the movie was to show that even a criminal has the right to have someone to represent him in the courtroom.
• Acute Otitis Media Analysis The peak of acute ear infections, which precedes otitis media, is prior to the age of 2 years, and during school entry.
• Modern Mass Media and Tools for Their Analysis A sender is a person who originates the message, a message is the content that is communicated, a channel is a medium used to transmit it, and a recipient is a person to whom the […]
• Covering a Pandemic: Critical Media Analysis A lot of work over the past decades has been devoted to the study of media analysis, which has led to the formation of a new area of knowledge, concepts, and categories.
• Analysis of Media Representation Patterns In fact, studies show that the DNA of any given human being is ninety-nine percent identical in comparison to the rest of the population, regardless of their origin.
• News and Media Reliability: Social Analysis At the same time, given the apparent trend to use the Internet as the primary source of news, mobile devices still seem to arouse suspicion among the adult and the older adult population. The most […]
• Analysis Representations of Britishness in Different Media Texts Although it is clear to me that facts of Britishness exist in all three media sources listed above, I understand that it has different sides and is shown as a mixture of cultural peculiarities, breathtaking […]
• On Stereotyping in the Media Viewers watch shows regularly and do not understand the content that is biased while the media is able to attract the attention of the audience by way of drama, comedy and action.
• Media and Injustice: Issues Analysis This paper will high light relations among media and the Injustice, discuss media in it’s past and current perspective and it’s possible role in future challenges by means of special importance on the media management […]
• Media Coverage of Issues Analysis The main arguments that the authors suggest are: Inconsistent use of labels for the alternative plans minimized the likelihood that the public would understand the details of any of them; The conflicts frame narrowed public […]
• Mass Media Communication: Personal Analysis Finally, when I do the same in the kitchen in the morning, I am occupied with preparing and eating my breakfast; therefore, television serves as a background and I cannot be focused on the information […]
• Mass Media Law’s Analysis Indeed, the existing regulations show that the specified action is defined as flag desecration can be interpreted as an affront of the citizen of the United States, as well as the disdain for the law.
• “The New Yorker” and “National Geographic” Media Analysis What finds most interesting about Surowiecki’s article is that he manages to counter the politics of the USA government, whereas, in Alexander’s article, the secret of the buried treasure and the historical events are the […]
• Media Analysis: Jacob’s Cross In the Jacob’s Cross episode that was watched the following scenes that apply to the social justice theme were observed: This episode begins in the morning by Jacob calling his attorney and some other close […]
• Social Media Data Analysis For the company storage purposes, information in wikis is stored in a chronological order and may be used to build the company’s knowledge.
• Fairfax Media Limited Situational Analysis While it has generally taken Fairfax a longer time than expected to identify and adapt to the shift brought about by the rise of technology in market- specifically the internet and social media- the company […]
• Media Industry News Analysis: Gasland May Take the Oscar To learn more about the world of media, it is better to focus on the news and the main themes of the articles offered to the reader.
• Fairfax Media Industrial Environmental Analysis When the rights are granted, they come with a cost to the company; there has been challenges of print media from free press media in Australia thus Fairfax faces the challenge to handle the situation.
• Media Analysis: Women and Men in Media Against this background the paper attempts to probe the way in which the press and especially the print journalism help to produce and to reproduce specific ways of knowing the third world.
• Content Analysis of Two Different Forms of Media Although the first one uses television and the second uses the Internet and the World-Wide-Web to deliver content to consumers it must be pointed out that these two are rivals and basically has the same […]
• Analysis of Gender Issues in the Media The message in the advertisement simply showed that women are able to control men by using their bodies in a certain way.
• The Focus on the Importance of Symbols in Media Analysis
• Visual Media Analysis for Social Media and Other Online Platforms
• Research Methodologies for the Media Analysis
• Communications and Media Analysis
• Television Media Analysis
• Media Analysis: Leadership
• Predicting Stock Market Using Social Media Analysis
• Media Analysis: Television and New Media
• Media Analysis and Feminism
• Television Media Analysis: Authors and Producers
• How the Media Places Responsibility for the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Australian Media Analysis
• Media Analysis: Political and Social Bias in the USA
• Collecting Data in Social Media Analysis
• The Jurisprudence and Qualitative Media Analysis
• Media Analysis: Banning Beauty and the Beast in Malaysia
• Media Analysis and Understanding the Meaning of Islam
• Symbolic Interactionism and Social Networks: Media Analysis
• Television Media Analysis: The Cosby Show
• Marketing and Business Communication: Media Analysis
• The Difference Between the Quantitative and Qualitative Media Analysis
• Structuring and Media Analysis
• Media Analysis: Audiences and Consumers
• Managing the News and Media Analysis
• Comparative and Critical Media Analysis
• Media Analysis: Rose Petal Cottage
• Video Installation and Media Analysis
• Philosophical and Social Media Analysis
• Critical and Interdisciplinary Research in Media Analysis
• Public Relations and Media Analysis: Semantic and Social Aspects
• Functionalist Perspective for Media Analysis
• Media Analysis of Traditional Primary Documents
• Responsibility for the COVID-19 Pandemic: Media Analysis
• Qualitative Research Methods in Media Analysis
• A Visual Analytics System for Television Ratings
• Food Chain Actors’ Perceptions of and Adaptations to Volatile Markets: Results of a Media Analysis
• Religion and the Media Analysis
• Symbolic Interactionist Perspective for Media Analysis
• Employer Relation: Industrial Conflict Media Analysis
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IvyPanda. (2024, March 2). 100 Media Analysis Essay Topics & Examples. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/media-analysis-essay-topics/

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The Media Critique, Research Paper Example

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The European Union (EU) has undergone severe debate regarding its future after the Euro Crisis destabilised the European project. Since 2012, it has become evident that a ‘euro-implosion’ will not occur, yet the situation is complex and volatile, rendering many citizens of the Member States facing difficult conditions in everyday life. Since 2010, various measures have been enacted to strengthen Europe, but the reality remains that Europeans must resign to considerable internal and external reforms and implement a strategy for the EU’s future in the long term. Perhaps most useful in this situation is a discussion between the EU countries regarding possible responses to economic, political, financial and social factors challenging the Member States. By engaging actively with policymakers and the community, the EU can return to strength at a global scale. This possibility led to a consortium of the Member States, driven by the King Baudouin Foundation and the Bertelsmann Stiftung, in seeking to engage in a cross-European public debate regarding the future of the EU and generate possible responses to the primary challenges it faces. This aim involved analysing the ‘state of the Union’, covering strategic options and various national debates with local and international players. This ‘new pact for Europe’ categorised the connected challenges facing the EU into four sections: socio-economic, political-institutional, societal and external-global. The first involved threats to social peace, high unemployment levels and pressure on the welfare state, and an increasing economic gap between countries, and structural deficits of the euro without financial and economic integration. The second covered the lack of public support for the EU, crises of leadership, and traditional theories of political governance being challenged. The societal area including a lack of knowledge regarding European integration, division between States, and misperceptions of national sovereignty. The final category mentioned the risk of marginalisation, loss of credibility at an international level, and pressure to adapt the multilateral system to the state of current international relations. Media coverage of the issues has ranged from simplistic to complex viewpoints on the way forward, using other isolated data such as tragic unemployment, or in-depth longitudinal studies over several years since the initial crisis. The proposed solutions to the issue are varied and diverse.

In Kathleen McNamara’s essay regarding the Eurocrisis, she analyses the need to integrate the EU and queries whether European leadership could in fact implement the required reforms. The key points here are the many Europeans act ‘with apparent disregard’ for the state of the EU, which at the time was facing bankruptcy and dissolution, and that similarly, the European leadership displayed lack of vision in the face of necessity. The current state of globalisation means that integration of sovereign nation-states occurs at an unprecedented level, and in the past has led to peace and welfare through Europe. However, this political innovation has fallen in the face of economic realities of single currencies and financial unions. McNamara notes that fiscal and monetary policy operate effectively together, hence the European Monetary Union existing without fiscal capacity and with a weak political identity is problematic. The economic situation in Europe is fragmented and due to separation of political, economic, and fiscal factors, there is little room to grow and reform. McNamara argues for financial regulations, and new innovations involving political integration with the centralised fiscal federalism. Her point is supported by historical evidence, when in the 1980s, the European Coal and Steel Community was established to rebuild post-war. There is no doubt that the conclusion we arrive at is that greater vision and willingness to engage in reform is required by political leaders to build EU capacity.

Other scholars have focused on particular Member States of the EU and individual contributions to preserve the euro. George Soros discusses a resolution involving Germany committing to stabilise the euro as a currency, and the similar decision required by other Member States. Soros presents a compelling argument, outlining his support of the EU as ‘the embodiment of an open society,’ which the Eurocrisis rendered obsolete. The key factors are numerous policy errors from the introduction of the euro as an incomplete currency, leading to lack of unity and understanding. Germany in particular was the largest creditor state, and its leadership has been the most active in pursuing policy changes to stabilise the euro for an indefinite period. Soros presents an ultimatum to Germany: ‘lead or leave,’ suggesting it must choose between leading as a nation, becoming a benevolent hegemon, or leaving the Euro entirely. The two opinion pieces, both relevant media articles, demonstrate how media formats engage with current topical issues yet can remain quite diverse in the message portrayed and their ideological basis.

The Summit held in June 2012 was seen as an opportunity to engage in dialogue and allow the European authorities the chance to explore alternatives. Germany was a key party in the consultation, and the program did arrive at a solution which appeared to develop beyond the sovereign debt issue. However, currently Germany is taking minimum action to preserve the Euro, and Soros suggests two objectives required to change the situation – both of which are counter to current policies. First, would be forming a level playing field between debtor and creditor countries, and second is targeting a nominal growth of five percent to allow Europe to emerge from the debt burden. These objectives can only be obtained with political union and Germany accepting a leadership role. Conversely, if Germany left, the euro would fall and the overall debt would depreciate with the currency drop, allowing debtor countries to become competitive again. The second option is unlikely to involve a voluntary exit by Germany, and Germany itself would benefit more from leading as a ‘benevolent hegemon.’ External pressure from Italy, Spain and France may be used to encourage Germany to exit and allow debtor countries to resolve the problem. However, these countries do not present a united front and public response will likely be sympathetic towards Germany. Soros states that the only solution is to make Germany aware of its misconceptions regarding its current policies, and hope it will then opt for a benevolent leadership role.

The contrasting opinions of Soros and McNamara demonstrate how complex and volatile the current state of the EU crisis is. While Soros is advocating away from union, singling out a specific Member State, McNamara is focused on complete integration. Due to globalisation, and the need for the EU to present a united front to gain international credibility, it would seem the more logical option is to consider economic and monetary union, with strengthened political support. Domestically, the debtor countries will benefit from a well-functioning union in a growth-friendly environment, allowing employment growth and public support. At a grassroots level, it is imperative to ensure there is greater public understanding of the state of the EU and the issues surrounding the Eurocrisis. A stronger community spirit must be fostered, which will give rise to institutional legitimacy, as to strengthen the euro not only the Eurozone should be considered. The core of a deeper EU must be addressed to streamline governance and better integrate the internal market. For instance, the Erasmus Programme is a widely-supported initiative aiming to build community strength between States. This type of public recognition to build foundational programs involving the public are extremely beneficial in fostering growth and positivity amidst a downturn which has seen high unemployment rates, political disruption, and governance questions.

It is worth remembering that the euro itself is a symbol of identity and unity in Europe, and was a political decision displaying support in integration. This was demonstrated by the formation of the Economic and Monetary Union, although it lacked the policy and political integration required to ensure sustainability. Various policies can be implemented, as suggested by the Stability and Growth Pact of the Member States in December 2011. This included stronger surveillance of national budgets, a fiscal compact signed by all EU Members, a system of early warnings of macroeconomic imbalances, structural reform to allow competitiveness between States, and firewalls to protect financial stability. Further, global competitiveness is required to ensure the EU can regain its position as a leading trading partner supported by a single market and currency – this trade presence is integral to economic growth.

To conclude, the Eurocrisis exposed two weaknesses in Europe’s structure. The first is that economic convergence ended between the EU countries, resulting in severe unemployment; the second is the rise of political tensions between countries and within Member States. The implications of this have been addressed in varying ways through media coverage, opinion pieces, and peer-reviewed journals analysing the way forward for Europe. They all offer a perspective on the problem, a method to resolve it, and possibilities for the future. By comparing these pieces and weighing the evidence in accordance with public support, it seems that in the case of the Eurocrisis, integration is the most beneficial way to progress. The reality is that economic and social union must be chosen, and a ‘staged process of convergence’ enacted involving structural reforms of the labour and business environment, and institutional reforms of economic governance. In addition, social and tax convergence can occur to strengthen the individual country economies. The process must be ‘centralised, harmonised or simply coordinated,’ according to a recent piece by Macron and Gabriel. This article advocates for harmonisation, taking a global perspective within which Europe can recover and restore stability. While integration is clearly the supported view, it is also suggested that France and Germany retain a responsibility to lead the reformation through unifying the solidarity and differentiation. The European news and media has portrayed Europe itself, institutions, Member States, and the euro in a variety of ways, with implications as to how it is perceived by the international arena. Various methods of coverage and media practices will influence perceptions of the Eurocrisis, and how the public understand the issues facing their countries.

Works Cited

European Commission, ‘The European Union Explained: Economic and monetary union and the euro’, October 2012, Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, available online at: http://europa.eu/pol/index)en.htm (accessed 30 October 2015).

Macron, Emmanuel. & Gabriel, Sigmar. ‘Europe cannot wait any longer: France and Germany must drive ahead,’ The Guardian, 4 June 2015, accessed 2 November 2015: http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/jun/03/europe-france-germany-eu-eurozone-future-integrate

McNamara, Kathleen. ‘The Eurocrisis and the Uncertain Future of European Integration’, Council on Foreign Relations, September 2010, accessed 2 November 2015: http://www.cfr.org/world/eurocrisis-uncertain-future-european-integration/p22933

Soros, George. ‘The Tragedy of the European Union and How to Resolve It’, The New York Review of Books, 27 September 2012, accessed 2 November 2015: http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2012/sep/27/tragedy-european-union-and-how-resolve-it/

‘Strategic Options for Europe’s Future: Executive Summary’, New Pact for Europe project, 2012, accessed 2 November 2015: http://www.newpactforeurope.eu/documents/1st_report_new_pact_for_europe_exec_summary.pdf

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How to Do a Media Analysis

Last Updated: February 9, 2024

This article was co-authored by Noah Taxis . Noah Taxis is an English Teacher based in San Francisco, California. He has taught as a credentialed teacher for over four years: first at Mountain View High School as a 9th- and 11th-grade English Teacher, then at UISA (Ukiah Independent Study Academy) as a Middle School Independent Study Teacher. He is now a high school English teacher at St. Ignatius College Preparatory School in San Francisco. He received an MA in Secondary Education and Teaching from Stanford University’s Graduate School of Education. He also received an MA in Comparative and World Literature from the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign and a BA in International Literary & Visual Studies and English from Tufts University. This article has been viewed 36,830 times.

A media analysis reviews a broad swath of news stories on a given subject. Media professionals may use media analysis to decide how to frame a story that they want to publish, such as by helping them choose specific terms and rhetorical appeals to use. This is also a common assignment in communications and journalism courses, so you might also do this as a student. Start by collecting news stories and then analyze them by asking and answering questions about them.

Collecting Stories to Analyze

• For example, you may include the local newspaper, radio station, web news sources, and possibly any major news sources in the nearest big city if you’re in a rural area or suburb.
• Alternatively, you might want to focus on national or worldwide news sources to analyze a larger company or subject.

• For example, if you’re conducting a media analysis of the controversy over a major highway construction project in your city, then you might include terms like, “highway construction,” “highway controversy,” “construction budget concerns,” etc.

• Make sure to include a variety of different types of media sources unless you’re hoping to examine a specific medium, such as TV, radio, or print news.

Tip : If desired, you may expand your search to cover a longer period of time, such as 12 months. This may result in a more thorough study of the topic.

• Separating the data into categories can help you know what to expect when you start reading a story.

Analyzing the Stories

• Buzzwords, which are terms that come up again and again across different media channels.
• Bias, which is using emotional appeals to convince readers of something even if the evidence is lacking.
• Similar portrayals of a story, such as portraying it in a positive or negative light across different media channels.
• Positioning of the story, such as whether it’s a front-page or prime-time news story.

Tip : The length of the story may also help you to determine its importance. For example, if it's a short story that appears on one page, the news outlet may deem it less important than something that takes up multiple pages.

• How does the media frame this topic?
• Who are the spokespeople for the topic and how are they being represented?
• Are any voices noticeably absent from the articles on this subject?
• What topics are getting the most coverage within the category?
• What media outlets are covering this topic?
• Does coverage seem to peak or drop at certain times of the year?

• For example, if you have noted that most news outlets portray your subject using a set of buzzwords and a similar level of bias, then you may describe and discuss these.

• For example, if the sources you consulted all portray a public concern in a similar light, then you might want to adopt this method of framing your topic as well.

Structuring a Media Analysis Essay

• For example, you might begin by saying that your topic is an upcoming election in your community and that you wanted to do a media analysis to determine how to introduce your own story on the topic. Then, you might conclude by saying what media channels have in common in their presentation of this topic.

Tip : Make sure to clarify any special terms or details that your readers might not understand in this section as well.

• What aspects of the topic are being covered?
• What buzzwords do the media channels use?
• Do the media channels tend to show bias on the subject, and if so, how?

• This can help you to determine what types of spokespeople to include in your own article.

• For example, you might notice that the “hero takes a fall” archetype is used frequently for the articles in your topic area. This might mean that choosing this frame for your story could be beneficial.

• For example, if you recommend including a business professional, professor, and a member of the community in coverage of a story, cite the data you have collected that shows these spokespeople as the picks for stories on your topic.

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• ↑ http://www.pointk.org/resources/files/gould_media.pdf
• ↑ https://ecu.au.libguides.com/research-methodologies-creative-arts-humanities/media-analysis

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2.2: Social Media Critique

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Social media is "a group of Internet-based applications that build on the ideological and technological foundations of Web 2.0, and that allow the creation and exchange of UserGenerated Content" (Kaplan \& Haenlein, 2010, p. 61). When one posts something on social media, it becomes public, meaning anyone who has access can read it. For most people, this is not a problem. However, it becomes a problem when it interferes with student learning and/or violates a company's (e.g., workplace or school) social media policy. Critics say that this violates freedom of speech, the First Amendment.

The reality is that schools and companies use social media to vet prospective applicants for college admissions, internships, and jobs (Career Builder, 2017). Big brother is not just the government monitoring people anymore.

When one submits an application for school admissions, internships, and jobs, one of the first things guaranteed to happen is the company hires someone or has someone internally check the prospective applicant's online presence (The Creative Group, 2017). An online presence is one's record of social networking online. This is just as important as the resume to many employers and recruiters.

In addition, all companies have social media and computer policies and procedures that all interns and employees must follow. They even make them sign consent forms that they have read and understand them, in addition to agreeing to abide by them. Jemma Hill, a former ESPN talk show host, violated these policies (Joseph, 2017). Because of her actions, she does not work for them anymore.

Ratemyprofessor.com is a site where students can post comments about professors.. Professors do not like this site because it hurts them in some cases. Department chairs can use this information to appoint or reappoint non-tenured professors. Negative reviews, whether true or not, play a vital role in the hiring process (Quintana, 2019).

Whether the person or institution is being talked about or doing the talking, both parties are affected in different ways.

A critique is one's opinion of something or someone. When writing a critique, it is very easy to use "I think," "in my opinion," or "I believe," as a way to express one's opinion. Although this may seem like an easy way of writing one, it is not the most academic way. When first person is used, as in the examples above, the focus remains on the critic and not the critique or message itself. The message has been changed.

The best way to write a critique is to use third person. This way, the focus is on the message and not the writer or speaker. Instead of writing "I believe that the researchers did not conduct a valid study," it is better stated "The researchers did not conduct a valid study." The easiest way to think about it is to start with whatever comes after "I think," "in my opinion," or "I believe." Third person sends a stronger message.

After the reading the article ( https://www.chronicle.com/article/free-speech-loses-ground-as-harvard-retracts-offers-to-admitted-students/ ) and listening to video ( https://youtu.be/BVTm9hFicXE ) about social media, do you feel that Harvard University and other schools have the right to rescind acceptance offers, and monitor and punish students for online postings? Why or why not?

In your response, give specific reasons and examples to prove your arguments. Any outside sources you use need to be cited properly. You may use MLA or APA, whichever one you are more comfortable with. This should be between two to three pages long. It can be longer but not shorter than two pages.

Example of a Critique

Should there be a complete ban of technology in the classroom.

Many professors feel that technology is a distraction in the college classroom. Every student brings at least one device, a cell phone, to every class. Typically, a MacBook Pro, tablet, and/or laptop also accompany most students to class. With WiFi hooked up in every classroom, it should not be a surprise that students will be chatting or browsing the internet, especially if they are bored in class. For this reason, many professors ban technology in their classrooms unless it needs to be on for an emergency. Although it can be a distraction if it is not used correctly, the reality is that technology can be a very useful and convenient teaching tool.

Arguments against Using Technology in the Classroom

Technology takes focus away from lectures (Straumsheim, 2016). Students text or browse the internet if the class lecture is boring instead of focusing on the lecture. If students are not paying attention to the professor or guest speaker, then they cannot be learning. According to McCoy, his study showed that technological distractions wasted one-fifth of their time (Straumsheim, 2016). Distraction leads to low grades. Distraction, as defined by Gazzaley and Rosen, is "the result of a conflict with our brain's ability to conceive and plan long-term goals and our ability to control our minds and our environment as we work to complete these goals" (Lang, 2017, no page).

PowerPoint slides provide students with a reason not to take notes. They can download the slides and read them after class. If students just read the slides afterwards, then they are not really engaged as much. Taking notes is active learning because it requires students to listen. This is where learning starts. Jeff Bezo banned PowerPoints in meetings (Glazer, 2018). Instead, he gave everyone notes to read in memo form a few hours before meetings. The meetings went better when there was a discussion rather than more of a lecture. Bezo's new practice created more fruitful and productive meetings. Everyone was more focused and attentive.

Learning starts in the classroom. It begins with actively listening and through having class discussions usually with desks and chairs in a circle or group work (Straumsheim, 2016). The traditional way of teaching with using a blackboard and traditional note-taking methods by students can never be replaced with technology.

Arguments for Using Technology in the Classroom

Technology helps with presenting information in different ways to make students learn better. Since not all students learn the same way, professors need a variety of methods and approaches to make lectures interesting to everyone (Volk, 2018).

There are more channels to deliver information in dynamic ways with technology. Polling with Poll Everywhere and Qualtrics is an easy and quick way to strike a debate or discussion with course material. In terms of written work, employing ePortfolio and other types of social media are a great way to change up a written assignment. Having the diversity of assignments makes it more enticing for students to pay more attention.

A Balance between Technology and Discussion in the Classroom

The right solution is a balance between technology and discussion (Volk, 2018). Using technology for the right reasons makes more sense than a complete ban. Professors should create interesting lectures. This may mean shorting lectures and tasking more group work in class (Volk, 2018). Also, using skeletal notes and PowerPoint slides as handouts forces students to complete their class notes while using technology (Volk, 2018). This makes students fill in the information, which makes them to start actively learn the information for their classes.

For me, students need to be held accountable for what they do in the classroom when using technology. They submit whatever they completed with the task via email before they leave class. This is one of the ways that they are graded. If they did not do the work assigned to them in class, then they receive no credit or less credit for it. Regardless, students will always find a way to look at their phone or do something personal with their technology they bring into the classroom. If professors use this urge of students and work with them rather than fight with them, a common middle ground can be found.

Glazer, R. (2018, August 22). Jeff Bezos banned PowerPoint presentations at Amazon meetings. Here's what replaced them. Forbes. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/quora/2018/08/22/jeff-bezos-banned-powerpointpresentations-at-amazon-meetings-heres-what-replaced-them/\#3aa9bc983b5f

Lang, J. M. (2017, March 13). The distracted classroom. The Chronicle of Higher Education. Retrieved from https://www.chronicle.com/article/The-Distracted-Classroom/239446

Straumsheim, C. (2016, January 26). Digital distractions. Inside Higher Ed. Retrieved from https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2016/01/26/study-use-devices-class-nonclasspurposes-rise

Volk, S. (2018, February 12). Digital distractions? Technology, teaching and learning in the contemporary classroom. Retrieved from http://languages.oberlin.edu/blogs/ctie/2018/02/11/digital-distractions-technologyteaching-and-learning-in-the-contemporary-classroom/

References for Assignment

Career Builder. (2017, June 15). Number of Employers Using Social Media to Screen Candidates at All-Time High, Finds Latest CareerBuilder Study. Retrieved from http://press.careerbuilder.com/2017-06-15-Number-of-Employers-Using-Social-Mediato-Screen-Candidates-at-All-Time-High-Finds-Latest-CareerBuilder-Study

Joseph, A. (2017, December 19). Jemele Hill on tweets that got her suspended: I thought they were 'pretty benign.' USA Today. Retrieved from https://ftw.usatoday.com/2017/12/jemele-hill-trump-espn-sportscenter-suspension-jerryjones-cowboys-tweets-podcast

Kaplan, A. M., \& Haenlein, M., (2010). Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of social media. Business Horizons, 53, 59-68.

Quintana, C. (2019, January 16). No, Rate My Professors probably won't remove your profile. The Chronicle of Higher Education. Retrieved from https://www.chronicle.com/article/No-Rate-My-Professors/245489

The Creative Group. (2017, February 13). Job seekers, check your selfie. Cision PR Newswire. Retrieved from https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/job-seekers-check-yourselfie-300405735.html

IOE Writing Centre

• Writing a Critical Review

Writing a Critique

A critique (or critical review) is not to be mistaken for a literature review. A 'critical review', or 'critique', is a complete type of text (or genre), discussing one particular article or book in detail.  In some instances, you may be asked to write a critique of two or three articles (e.g. a comparative critical review). In contrast, a 'literature review', which also needs to be 'critical', is a part of a larger type of text, such as a chapter of your dissertation.

Most importantly: Read your article / book as many times as possible, as this will make the critical review much easier.

1. Read and take notes 2. Organising your writing 3. Summary 4. Evaluation 5. Linguistic features of a critical review 6. Summary language 7. Evaluation language 8. Conclusion language 9. Example extracts from a critical review 10. Further resources

Read and Take Notes

To improve your reading confidence and efficiency, visit our pages on reading.

Further reading: Read Confidently

After you are familiar with the text, make notes on some of the following questions. Choose the questions which seem suitable:

• What kind of article is it (for example does it present data or does it present purely theoretical arguments)?
• What is the main area under discussion?
• What are the main findings?
• What are the stated limitations?
• Where does the author's data and evidence come from? Are they appropriate / sufficient?
• What are the main issues raised by the author?
• What questions are raised?
• How well are these questions addressed?
• What are the major points/interpretations made by the author in terms of the issues raised?
• Is the text balanced? Is it fair / biased?
• Does the author contradict herself?
• How does all this relate to other literature on this topic?
• How does all this relate to your own experience, ideas and views?
• What else has this author written? Do these build / complement this text?
• (Optional) Has anyone else reviewed this article? What did they say? Do I agree with them?

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Organising your writing

You first need to summarise the text that you have read. One reason to summarise the text is that the reader may not have read the text. In your summary, you will

• focus on points within the article that you think are interesting
• summarise the author(s) main ideas or argument
• explain how these ideas / argument have been constructed. (For example, is the author basing her arguments on data that they have collected? Are the main ideas / argument purely theoretical?)

In your summary you might answer the following questions:     Why is this topic important?     Where can this text be located? For example, does it address policy studies?     What other prominent authors also write about this?

Evaluation is the most important part in a critical review.

Use the literature to support your views. You may also use your knowledge of conducting research, and your own experience. Evaluation can be explicit or implicit.

Explicit evaluation

Explicit evaluation involves stating directly (explicitly) how you intend to evaluate the text. e.g. "I will review this article by focusing on the following questions. First, I will examine the extent to which the authors contribute to current thought on Second Language Acquisition (SLA) pedagogy. After that, I will analyse whether the authors' propositions are feasible within overseas SLA classrooms."

Implicit evaluation

Implicit evaluation is less direct. The following section on Linguistic Features of Writing a Critical Review contains language that evaluates the text. A difficult part of evaluation of a published text (and a professional author) is how to do this as a student. There is nothing wrong with making your position as a student explicit and incorporating it into your evaluation. Examples of how you might do this can be found in the section on Linguistic Features of Writing a Critical Review. You need to remember to locate and analyse the author's argument when you are writing your critical review. For example, you need to locate the authors' view of classroom pedagogy as presented in the book / article and not present a critique of views of classroom pedagogy in general.

Linguistic features of a critical review

The following examples come from published critical reviews. Some of them have been adapted for student use.

Summary language

•     This article / book is divided into two / three parts. First...
•     While the title might suggest...
•     The tone appears to be...
•     Title is the first / second volume in the series Title, edited by...The books / articles in this series address...
•     The second / third claim is based on...
•     The author challenges the notion that...
•     The author tries to find a more middle ground / make more modest claims...
•     The article / book begins with a short historical overview of...
•     Numerous authors have recently suggested that...(see Author, Year; Author, Year). Author would also be once such author. With his / her argument that...
•     To refer to title as a...is not to say that it is...
•     This book / article is aimed at... This intended readership...
•     The author's book / article examines the...To do this, the author first...
•     The author develops / suggests a theoretical / pedagogical model to…
•     This book / article positions itself firmly within the field of...
•     The author in a series of subtle arguments, indicates that he / she...
•     The argument is therefore...
•     The author asks "..."
•     With a purely critical / postmodern take on...
•     Topic, as the author points out, can be viewed as...
•     In this recent contribution to the field of...this British author...
•     As a leading author in the field of...
•     This book / article nicely contributes to the field of...and complements other work by this author...
•     The second / third part of...provides / questions / asks the reader...
•     Title is intended to encourage students / researchers to...
•     The approach taken by the author provides the opportunity to examine...in a qualitative / quantitative research framework that nicely complements...
•     The author notes / claims that state support / a focus on pedagogy / the adoption of...remains vital if...
•     According to Author (Year) teaching towards examinations is not as effective as it is in other areas of the curriculum. This is because, as Author (Year) claims that examinations have undue status within the curriculum.
•     According to Author (Year)…is not as effective in some areas of the curriculum / syllabus as others. Therefore the author believes that this is a reason for some school's…

Evaluation language

•     This argument is not entirely convincing, as...furthermore it commodifies / rationalises the...
•     Over the last five / ten years the view of...has increasingly been viewed as 'complicated' (see Author, Year; Author, Year).
•     However, through trying to integrate...with...the author...
•     There are difficulties with such a position.
•     Inevitably, several crucial questions are left unanswered / glossed over by this insightful / timely / interesting / stimulating book / article. Why should...
•     It might have been more relevant for the author to have written this book / article as...
•     This article / book is not without disappointment from those who would view...as...
•     This chosen framework enlightens / clouds...
•     This analysis intends to be...but falls a little short as...
•     The authors rightly conclude that if...
•     A detailed, well-written and rigorous account of...
•     As a Korean student I feel that this article / book very clearly illustrates...
•     The beginning of...provides an informative overview into...
•     The tables / figures do little to help / greatly help the reader...
•     The reaction by scholars who take a...approach might not be so favourable (e.g. Author, Year).
•     This explanation has a few weaknesses that other researchers have pointed out (see Author, Year; Author, Year). The first is...
•     On the other hand, the author wisely suggests / proposes that...By combining these two dimensions...
•     The author's brief introduction to...may leave the intended reader confused as it fails to properly...
•     Despite my inability to...I was greatly interested in...
•     Even where this reader / I disagree(s), the author's effort to...
•     The author thus combines...with...to argue...which seems quite improbable for a number of reasons. First...
•     Perhaps this aversion to...would explain the author's reluctance to...
•     As a second language student from ...I find it slightly ironic that such an anglo-centric view is...
•     The reader is rewarded with...
•     Less convincing is the broad-sweeping generalisation that...
•     There is no denying the author's subject knowledge nor his / her...
•     The author's prose is dense and littered with unnecessary jargon...
•     The author's critique of...might seem harsh but is well supported within the literature (see Author, Year; Author, Year; Author, Year). Aligning herself with the author, Author (Year) states that...
•     As it stands, the central focus of Title is well / poorly supported by its empirical findings...
•     Given the hesitation to generalise to...the limitation of...does not seem problematic...
•     For instance, the term...is never properly defined and the reader left to guess as to whether...
•     Furthermore, to label...as...inadvertently misguides...
•     In addition, this research proves to be timely / especially significant to... as recent government policy / proposals has / have been enacted to...
•     On this well researched / documented basis the author emphasises / proposes that...
•     Nonetheless, other research / scholarship / data tend to counter / contradict this possible trend / assumption...(see Author, Year; Author, Year).
•     Without entering into detail of the..., it should be stated that Title should be read by...others will see little value in...
•     As experimental conditions were not used in the study the word 'significant' misleads the reader.
•     The article / book becomes repetitious in its assertion that...
•     The thread of the author's argument becomes lost in an overuse of empirical data...
•     Almost every argument presented in the final section is largely derivative, providing little to say about...
•     She / he does not seem to take into consideration; however, that there are fundamental differences in the conditions of…
•     As Author (Year) points out, however, it seems to be necessary to look at…
•     This suggest that having low…does not necessarily indicate that…is ineffective.
•     Therefore, the suggestion made by Author (Year)…is difficult to support.
•     When considering all the data presented…it is not clear that the low scores of some students, indeed, reflects…

Conclusion language

•     Overall this article / book is an analytical look at...which within the field of...is often overlooked.
•     Despite its problems, Title offers valuable theoretical insights / interesting examples / a contribution to pedagogy and a starting point for students / researchers of...with an interest in...
•     This detailed and rigorously argued...
•     This first / second volume / book / article by...with an interest in...is highly informative...

Example extracts from a critical review

Writing critically.

If you have been told your writing is not critical enough, it probably means that your writing treats the knowledge claims as if they are true, well supported, and applicable in the context you are writing about. This may not always be the case.

In these two examples, the extracts refer to the same section of text. In each example, the section that refers to a source has been highlighted in bold. The note below the example then explains how the writer has used the source material.    

There is a strong positive effect on students, both educationally and emotionally, when the instructors try to learn to say students' names without making pronunciation errors (Kiang, 2004).

Use of source material in example a: 

This is a simple paraphrase with no critical comment. It looks like the writer agrees with Kiang. (This is not a good example for critical writing, as the writer has not made any critical comment).        

Kiang (2004) gives various examples to support his claim that "the positive emotional and educational impact on students is clear" (p.210) when instructors try to pronounce students' names in the correct way. He quotes one student, Nguyet, as saying that he "felt surprised and happy" (p.211) when the tutor said his name clearly . The emotional effect claimed by Kiang is illustrated in quotes such as these, although the educational impact is supported more indirectly through the chapter. Overall, he provides more examples of students being negatively affected by incorrect pronunciation, and it is difficult to find examples within the text of a positive educational impact as such.

Use of source material in example b: 

The writer describes Kiang's (2004) claim and the examples which he uses to try to support it. The writer then comments that the examples do not seem balanced and may not be enough to support the claims fully. This is a better example of writing which expresses criticality.

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Further resources

You may also be interested in our page on criticality, which covers criticality in general, and includes more critical reading questions.

Further reading: Read and Write Critically

We recommend that you do not search for other university guidelines on critical reviews. This is because the expectations may be different at other institutions. Ask your tutor for more guidance or examples if you have further questions.

IOE Writing Centre Online

Self-access resources from the Academic Writing Centre at the UCL Institute of Education.

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How to Write a Critique Paper: Format, Tips, & Critique Essay Examples

A critique paper is an academic writing genre that summarizes and gives a critical evaluation of a concept or work. Or, to put it simply, it is no more than a summary and a critical analysis of a specific issue. This type of writing aims to evaluate the impact of the given work or concept in its field.

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Want to learn more? Continue reading this article written by Custom-writing experts! It contains:

• best tips on how to critique an article or a literary work,
• a critique paper example with introduction, body, and conclusion.

💁 What Is a Critique Paper?

• 👣 Critical Writing Steps

👀 Critical Essay Types

📝 critique paper format, 📑 critique paper outline, 🔗 references.

A critique is a particular academic writing genre that requires you to carefully study, summarize, and critically analyze a study or a concept. In other words, it is nothing more than a critical analysis. That is all you are doing when writing a critical essay: trying to understand the work and present an evaluation. Critical essays can be either positive or negative, as the work deserves.

👣 How to Write a Critique Essay: Main Steps

Starting critique essays is the most challenging part. You are supposed to substantiate your opinion with quotes and paraphrases, avoiding retelling the entire text. A critical analysis aims to find out whether an article or another piece of writing is compelling. First, you need to formulate the author’s thesis: what was the literary work supposed to convey? Then, explore the text on how this main idea was elaborated. Finally, draft your critique according to the structure given below.

Step 1: Critical Reading

1.1. Attentively read the literary work. While reading, make notes and underline the essentials.

• Try to come into the author’s world and think why they wrote such a piece.
• Point out which literary devices are successful. Some research in literary theory may be required.
• Find out what you dislike about the text, i.e., controversies, gaps, inconsistency, or incompleteness.

1.2. Find or formulate the author’s thesis. 

• What is the principal argument? In an article, it can be found in the first paragraph.
• In a literary work, formulate one of the principal themes, as the thesis is not explicit.
• If you write a critique of painting, find out what feelings, emotions, or ideas, the artist attempted to project.

1.3. Make a summary or synopsis of the analyzed text. 

• One paragraph will suffice. You can use it in your critique essay, if necessary.
• The point is to explore the gist.

Step 2: Analyzing the Text

After the reading phase, ask yourself the following questions :

• What was your emotional response to the text? Which techniques, images, or ideas made you feel so?
• Find out the author’s background. Which experiences made them raise such a thesis? What other significant works have they written that demonstrate the general direction of thought of this person?
• Are the concepts used correctly in the text? Are the references reliable, and do they sufficiently substantiate the author’s opinion?

Step 3: Drafting the Essay

Finally, it is time to draft your essay. First of all, you’ll need to write a brief overview of the text you’re analyzing. Then, formulate a thesis statement – one sentence that will contain your opinion of the work under scrutiny. After that, make a one-paragraph summary of the text.

You can use this simple template for the draft version of your analysis. Another thing that can help you at this step is a summary creator to make the creative process more efficient.

Critique Paper Template

• Start with an introductory phrase about the domain of the work in question.
• Tell which work you are going to analyze, its author, and year of publication.
• Specify the principal argument of the work under study.
• In the third sentence, clearly state your thesis.
• Here you can insert the summary you wrote before.
• This is the only place where you can use it. No summary can be written in the main body!
• Use one paragraph for every separate analyzed aspect of the text (style, organization, fairness/bias, etc.).
• Each paragraph should confirm your thesis (e.g., whether the text is effective or ineffective).
• Each paragraph shall start with a topic sentence, followed by evidence, and concluded with a statement referring to the thesis.
• Provide a final judgment on the effectiveness of the piece of writing.
• Summarize your main points and restate the thesis, indicating that everything you said above confirms it.

You can evaluate the chosen work or concept in several ways. Pick the one you feel more comfortable with from the following:

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• Descriptive critical essays examine texts or other works. Their primary focus is usually on certain features of a work, and it is common to compare and contrast the subject of your analysis to a classic example of the genre to which it belongs.
• Evaluative critical essays provide an estimate of the value of the work. Was it as good as you expected based on the recommendations, or do you feel your time would have been better spent on something else?
• Interpretive essays provide your readers with answers that relate to the meaning of the work in question. To do this, you must select a method of determining the meaning, read/watch/observe your analysis subject using this method, and put forth an argument.

There are also different types of critiques. The University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, in the article “ Writing critiques ,” discusses them as well as the appropriate critique language.

Critique Paper Topics

• Critique of the article Is Google Making Us Stupid? by Nicholas Carr .
• Interpret the symbolism of Edgar Alan Poe’s The Black Cat .
• Examine the topicality of the article Impact of Racial/Ethnic Differences on Child Mental Health Care .
• Critical essay on Alice Walker’s short story Everyday Use .
• Discuss the value of the essay The Hanging by George Orwell .
• A critique on the article Stocks Versus Bonds : Explaining the Equity Risk Premium .
• Explore the themes Tennessee Williams reveals in The Glass Menagerie.
• Analyze the relevance of the article Leadership Characteristics and Digital Transformation .
• Critical evaluation of Jonathan Harvey’s play Beautiful Thing .
• Analyze and critique Derek Raymond’s story He Died with His Eyes Open .
• Discuss the techniques author uses to present the problem of choice in The Plague .
• Examine and evaluate the research article Using Evidence-Based Practice to Prevent Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia .
• Explore the scientific value of the article Our Future: A Lancet Commission on Adolescent Health and Wellbeing .
• Describe the ideas E. Hemingway put into his A Clean, Well-Lighted Place .
• Analyze the literary qualities of Always Running La Vida Loca: Gang Days in L. A .
• Critical writing on The Incarnation of Power by Wright Mills .
• Explain the strengths and shortcomings of Tim Kreider’s article The Busy Trap .
• Critical response to Woolf’s novel Mrs. Dalloway .
• Examine the main idea of Richard Godbeer’s book Escaping Salem .
• The strong and weak points of the article The Confusion of Tongues by William G. Bellshaw .
• Critical review of Gulliver’s Travels .
• Analyze the stylistic devices Anthony Lewis uses in Gideon’s Trumpet.
• Examine the techniques Elie Wiesel uses to show relationship transformation in the book Night .
• Critique of the play Fences by August Wilson .
• The role of exposition in Achebe’s novel Things Fall Apart.
• The main themes John Maxwell discusses in his book Disgrace .
• Critical evaluation of Ray Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451 .
• The ideas and concept of the book The Vegetarian Imperative .
• Different points of view on one historical figure in the book Two Lives of Charlemagne .

Since the APA critique paper format is one of the most common, let’s discuss it in more detail. Check out the information below to learn more:

The APA Manual recommends using the following fonts:

• 11-point Calibri,
• 11-point Arial,
• 10-point Lucida Sans Unicode,
• 12-point Times New Roman,
• 11-point Georgia,
• 10-point Computer Modern.

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Add 1-inch margins on all sides.

📌 Page numbers

Page numbers should appear at the top right-hand corner, starting with the title page.

📌 Line spacing

The entire document, including the title page and reference list, should be double-spaced.

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📌 Title page

The title page should include the following information:

• page number 1 in the top right-hand corner of the page header,
• paper title,
• the student’s name,
• the name of the department and the college or university,
• course number and name,
• the instructor’s name,
• due date (the date format used in your country).

📌 Critique paper title

The title of your critique paper should be no more than 12 words. In addition, it should be centered and typed in bold using title case.

📌 In-text citations

For the in-text citation, provide the author’s last name and publication year in brackets. If you are using direct citation, add the page number after the year.

📌 References

The last page of your paper should include a list of all sources cited in your essay. Here’s a general format of book and journal article citations you should use:

Book: Last name, First initial. Middle initial. (Year). Book title: Subtitle . Publisher.

Journal article: Last name, First initial. Middle initial. (Year). Title of the article. Journal Title, volume (issue number), start page–end page.

The main parts of good critical response essays are:

• Introduction. The introduction is the most essential part of the critical response. It should be concise and include the author and title of the work being analyzed, its main idea, and a strong thesis statement.
• Summary. This should be brief and to the point. Only the author’s/creator’s main ideas and arguments should be included.
• Analysis/interpretation. Discuss what the author’s/creator’s primary goal was and determine whether this goal was reached successfully. Use the evidence you have gathered to argue whether or not the author/creator achieved was adequately convincing (remember there should be no personal bias in this discussion).
• Evaluation/response. At this point, your readers are ready to learn your objective response to the work. It should be professional yet entertaining to read. Do not hesitate to use strong language. You can say that the work you analyzed was weak and poorly-structured if that is the case, but keep in mind that you have to have evidence to back up your claim.
• Conclusion. The last paragraph of your work should restate the thesis statement, summarize the key points, and create a sense of closure for the readers.

Critique Paper Introduction

The introduction is setting the stage for your analysis. Here are some tips to follow when working on it:

• Provide the reader with a brief synopsis of the main points of the work you are critiquing .
• State your general opinion of the work , using it as your thesis statement. The ideal situation is that you identify and use a controversial thesis.
• Remember that you will uncover a lot of necessary information about the work you are critiquing. You mustn’t make use of all of it, providing the reader with information that is unnecessary in your critique. If you are writing about Shakespeare, you don’t have to waste your or your reader’s time going through all of his works.

Critique Paper Body

The body of the critique contains the supporting paragraphs. This is where you will provide the facts that prove your main idea and support your thesis. Follow the tips below when writing the body of your critique.

• Every paragraph must focus on a precise concept from the paper under your scrutiny , and your job is to include arguments to support or disprove that concept. Concrete evidence is required.
• A critical essay is written in the third-person and ensures the reader is presented with an objective analysis.
• Discuss whether the author was able to achieve their goals and adequately get their point across.
• It is important not to confuse facts and opinions . An opinion is a personal thought and requires confirmation, whereas a fact is supported by reliable data and requires no further proof. Do not back up one idea with another one.
• Remember that your purpose is to provide the reader with an understanding of a particular piece of literature or other work from your perspective. Be as specific as possible.

Critique Paper Conclusion

Finally, you will need to write a conclusion for your critique. The conclusion reasserts your overall general opinion of the ideas presented in the text and ensures there is no doubt in the reader’s mind about what you believe and why. Follow these tips when writing your conclusion:

• Summarize the analysis you provided in the body of the critique.
• Summarize the primary reasons why you made your analysis .
• Where appropriate, provide recommendations on how the work you critiqued can be improved.

For more details on how to write a critique, check out the great critique analysis template provided by Thompson Rivers University.

If you want more information on essay writing in general, look at the Secrets of Essay Writing .

Example of Critique Paper with Introduction, Body, and Conclusion

Check out this critical response example to “The Last Inch” by James Aldridge to show how everything works in practice: 

Introduction 

In his story “The Last Inch,” James Aldridge addresses the issue of the relationship between parents and children. The author captured the young boy’s coming into maturity coinciding with a challenging trial. He also demonstrated how the twelve-year-old boy obtained his father’s character traits. Aldridge’s prose is both brutal and poetic, expressing his characters’ genuine emotions and the sad truths of their situations.

Body: Summary 

The story is about Ben Ensley, an unemployed professional pilot, who decides to capture underwater shots for money. He travels to Shark Bay with his son, Davy. Ben is severely injured after being attacked by a shark while photographing. His last hope of survival is to fly back to the little African hamlet from where they took off.

Body: Analysis 

The story effectively uses the themes of survival and fatherhood and has an intriguing and captivating plot. In addition, Ben’s metamorphosis from a failing pilot to a determined survivor is effectively presented. His bond with his son, Davy, adds depth and emotional importance to the story. At the same time, the background information about Ben’s past and his life before the shark attack could be more effectively integrated into the main story rather than being presented as separate blocks of text.

Body: Evaluation 

I find “The Last Inch” by James Aldridge a very engaging and emotional story since it highlights the idea of a father’s unconditional love and determination in the face of adversity. I was also impressed by the vivid descriptions and strong character development of the father and son.

Conclusion 

“The Last Inch” by James Aldridge is an engaging and emotional narrative that will appeal to readers of all ages. It is a story of strength, dedication, and the unbreakable link between father and son. Though some backstory could be integrated more smoothly, “The Last Inch” impresses with its emotional punch. It leaves the readers touched by the raw power of fatherly love and human will.

📚 Critique Essay Examples

With all of the information and tips provided above, your way will become clearer when you have a solid example of a critique essay.

Below is a critical response to The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman.

When speaking of feminist literature that is prominent and manages to touch on incredibly controversial issues, The Yellow Wallpaper is the first book that comes to mind. Written from a first-person perspective, magnifying the effect of the narrative, the short story by Charlotte Perkins Gilman introduces the reader to the problem of the physical and mental health of the women of the 19th century. However, the message that is intended to concern feminist ideas is rather subtle. Written in the form of several diary entries, the novel offers a mysterious plot, and at the same time, shockingly realistic details.

What really stands out about the novel is the fact that the reader is never really sure how much of the story takes place in reality and how much of it happens in the psychotic mind of the protagonist. In addition, the novel contains a plethora of description that contributes to the strain and enhances the correlation between the atmosphere and the protagonist’s fears: “The color is repellent, almost revolting; a smoldering unclean yellow, strangely faded by the slow-turning sunlight” (Gilman).

Despite Gilman’s obvious intent to make the novel a feminist story with a dash of thriller thrown in, the result is instead a thriller with a dash of feminism, as Allen (2009) explains. However, there is no doubt that the novel is a renowned classic. Offering a perfect portrayal of the 19th-century stereotypes, it is a treasure that is certainly worth the read.

If you need another critique essay example, take a look at our sample on “ The Importance of Being Earnest ” by Oscar Wilde.

And here are some more critique paper examples for you check out:

• A Good Man Is Hard to Find: Critique Paper
• Critique on “The Yellow Wallpaper” by Charlotte Perkins Gilman
• “When the Five Rights Go Wrong” Article Critique
• Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey — Comparison & Critique
• “The TrueBlue Study”: Qualitative Article Critique
• Ethical Conflict Associated With Managed Care: Views of Nurse Practitioners’: Article Critique
• Benefits and Disadvantages of Prone Positioning in Severe Acute Respiratory Distress: Article Critique
• Reducing Stress in Student Nurses: Article Critique
• Management of Change and Professional Safety – Article Critique
• “Views of Young People Towards Physical Activity”: Article Critique

Seeing an example of a critique is so helpful. You can find many other examples of a critique paper at the University of Minnesota and John Hopkins University. Plus, you can check out this video for a great explanation of how to write a critique.

• Critical Analysis
• Writing an Article Critique
• The Critique Essay
• Critique Essay
• Writing a Critique
• Writing A Book Critique
• Media Critique
• Tips for an Effective Creative Writing Critique
• How to Write an Article Critique
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• How the Media Depicts the Adolescents

How the Media Depicts the Adolescents - Essay Example

• Subject: Miscellaneous
• Type: Essay
• Level: Undergraduate
• Pages: 2 (500 words)
• Downloads: 22
• Author: jacobineil

Extract of sample "How the Media Depicts the Adolescents"

There are a variety of ways through which the media portrays health problems amongst the elderly, adolescents, and children. The media depicts adolescents as a social group that is affected by health problems associated with sex. In relation to the elderly, the health problem associated with them is related to aging. Children are depicted as having health problems related to nutrition.             Sexually transmitted diseases among adolescents the society are among the health problems that receive more media attention (U. S. Department of Health and Human Services 2000). This is in comparison to other health problems affecting other members of society such as the elderly and children. There are a variety of reasons why this health problem receives more media attention. One of the reasons is that the adolescent population is greater than that of other members of society. Therefore, this social group is more vulnerable hence the media attention directed toward it.             The emphasis on sexually transmitted diseases amongst adolescents is justified because this social group is very important for the welfare of any nation. The adolescents who are mostly teenagers are the hope for the future. Therefore, if their welfare is not protected at present then the status of the future is in jeopardy.             The attention given to adolescents’ health issues by the media in relation to other social groups should be encouraged. This is because most teenagers in the adolescent stage are naïve and therefore need a lot of guidance and counseling. Teenagers at the adolescent stage undergo a series of physical and physiological changes and hence why they need guidance on how to handle the changes (Goldwasser, 2008). Sex is one of the issues that affect their lifestyles and it is therefore the obligation of the media to concentrate on sexually transmitted diseases amongst them so as to enlighten them.             Research has revealed that the public portrays the attention of the media to sexually transmitted diseases among adolescents in a positive way (Carlson, 2008). Most members of the public are of the view that the topic is crucial hence why it should be openly discussed. This is because it acts as a guideline towards ensuring that this social group is safe for the welfare of society.             There are a variety of factors that increase the vulnerability of adolescents to sexually transmitted diseases. One of the factors is the physical and hormonal changes that take place in the teenagers’ body physiology. Some of the changes trigger sexual urges hence vulnerability to sexually transmitted diseases. Most teenagers are rebellious and therefore will opt to go against the ethics of society. This factor automatically leads to risky sexual behavior hence increased chances of contracting sexually transmitted diseases. Teenagers in the adolescence stage will engage in drug abuse and watch pornography from different sources such as magazines and movies. This increases the chances of them engaging in unprotected sex hence being at risk of contracting sexually transmitted diseases.             There are a variety of support systems that would assist teenagers in the adolescence stage. One of the systems that have proven to be effective is the brain training system. This system encourages teenagers on making rational decisions and advocates for responsible behavior. Stress management programs are as well among the support systems that have been helpful in helping teenagers in the adolescence stage. These systems are just but a few which have been considered effective in controlling the vulnerability of the social group from contracting sexually transmitted diseases.

• Pornography and Sexual Addiction in Teenagers
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How to Write a Critique Paper: Guide + Steps & Tips

Critical thinking is an essential life skill taught in academia. Critique essays help us develop this skill. However, it’s challenging to figure out how to write one independently. Our team has created this comprehensive guide to teach you how to express opinions in an academically correct manner. Here, you’ll discover step-by-step guidelines to help you write an essay. We’ve also addressed the proper essay critique format structure and provided several practical examples of how it should look. So, if you are interested and wish to learn more, start reading ASAP!

📃 What Is a Critique Paper?

• 🔍 Critique Essay Types
• 🥇 Critique Essay Topics
• 🗝 How to Write a Critique Paper
• 📝 Format & Structure
• 🏆 Critique Paper Examples

🔗 References

A critique paper is a piece of writing that provides an in-depth analysis of another work. These include books, poems, articles, songs, movies, works of art, or podcast episodes. Aside from these, a critique may also cover arguments, concepts, and artistic performances. For example, a student may evaluate a book they’ve read or the merit of the First Amendment.

In a critique essay , one addresses the subject of the analysis, its source, intent, and purpose, in addition to its structure and content. You may present your own opinion on the analyzed work or include alternative points of view. Your paper can consist of an interpretation of what a piece of work means and an assessment of its worth.

🔍 Discover All Critique Essay Types

Now, we will detail everything you need to know about the main types of critique papers. Use the table below to determine which one will suit your essay best.

🥇 19 Best Critique Essay Topics

This segment has some of the best topics for critical essays that you can use in your assignments. Make sure to look through them and find some inspiration! Some of them are sure to catch your attention.

• Analyze the effectiveness of the justice system in curbing drug use.
• Why are people reluctant to change their views on the Second Amendment?
• Critical review of the moral lessons in contemporary young adult novels.
• Is critical thinking still relevant in the modern world?
• Analyze the health effects of fast food on the human body.
• Describe the effects of racism on underrepresented groups.
• Build a case for the causes of the homeless crisis in the US.
• Unraveling motivational factors: a critique of psychological theories in the workplace.
• Analyze the shifting of gender roles in modern society.
• What is the impact of corruption on the economy?
• The impact of setting and atmosphere on the reader’s experience of a book.
• Investigate the role of mass media in decreasing racial tension in the US.
• Analyze the use of symbolism and imagery in Edgar Allan Poe’s short stories.
• Ethical dilemmas in medical study: critical analysis of journal articles on human trials.
• Which themes are the most common in current TV shows?
• Explain how fashion choices impact one’s identity.
• Build a case for a free higher education.
• What are the effects of social media on human communication?
• From page to screen: A comparative critique of the book and movie versions of The Lord of the Rings.

🗝 How to Write a Critique Paper: 5 Key Steps

We recognize that tackling a critique paper without proper guidance can be time-consuming and daunting. That’s why we have outlined the steps you should take to make a detailed plan for your future essay. These five steps will guide you in analyzing work successfully and creating quality papers.

• Explore the work. Before writing your essay, carefully examine the text you will be critiquing. Take notes relevant to your paper’s topic along the way. Pay attention to details and try noting the strengths and weaknesses of a piece of work.
• Conduct research. Aside from inspecting the work itself, you should also thoroughly study the surrounding context. Learn everything relevant about its author, background, and cultural and historical factors. So, you will receive essential information about the research subject, allowing you to understand it better.
• Create a thesis statement. This part usually includes a concise summary of the analysis of the work and conducted research. Students must carefully write their thesis statements to present their main argument or the work’s brief evaluation.
• Write the critical paper. After you have composed a solid thesis statement, it’s time to write your essay. Begin by providing background data in the introductory paragraph. Follow with analysis and evidence that supports the paper’s intent. Finish with a conclusion that gives a summary of the key points and reinforcing the thesis statement.
• Edit and revise to perfection. When you have the first draft, carefully review and edit its segments. See if the paper is structurally sound, easy to follow, and has a coherent format. Good writing provides its arguments logically, with clear connections between evidence and analysis. Pay close attention to segments that make you stumble and reread all sentences twice.

📝 Critique Paper Format & Structure

Before attempting to write your critique essay, you should familiarize yourself with its structure and form. We’ll examine each part in-depth and describe which elements they should have. It will give you an idea of how to structure your essay correctly.

Examining each component is essential after you get acquainted with the basic structure of a critique paper. We have detailed for you below.

Critique Essay: Introduction

You probably already know how essential the introduction is in a critique paper. This is why it’s vital to understand its proper structure. One should consider all elements that must be present in this part of the paper.

• Provide the name of the critiqued work, when it was first published, and by whom.
• Describe the thesis statement or the main idea of the paper.
• Give the context of the work, political or social, and its importance in a discipline or an academic field.
• Finish with a sentence that briefly evaluates the examined work and transitions into the main body.

Critique Essay: Main Body

We’ve finally arrived at the analysis, the most crucial part of creating a critique. Here, we’ll look at the structure of the main body paragraphs . This part of the article will explain what to include in your critical paper.

The body starts with a summary that explains:

• The main points of the work.
• How the points were achieved through characters, symbols, and various techniques.
• The aim of the research, how it was conducted, and based on what.

The rest of the body is a detailed critical evaluation of the work that includes:

• A systematic and thorough approach to assessing different elements.
• An assessment of the author’s ability or lack thereof to achieve their goals with these components.
• Supporting evidence for your arguments and evaluation.

Critique Essay: Conclusion

Lastly, let’s consider the conclusion of your critique paper. It is the time to summarize and reiterate what you have discussed in your work. An essay conclusion should contain the following elements:

• A concise statement that summarizes the entire work.
• A rundown of key points identified and covered in the evaluation.
• If necessary, the conclusion may provide recommendations for others interested in getting acquainted with the work.

🏆 Great Critique Paper Examples

We believe a good sample is one of the best aids in writing a quality essay. After all, theory can be insufficient and it’s best to see something done in practice. We’ve provided several great essay examples below for you to consider.

• Critique Against Orwell’s Style in “Animal Farm.” Orwell’s Animal Farm is a witty commentary on society and the cycle of power. To this day, the work is one of the strongest anti-Stalinist novels. Despite its themes, one of his most famous novels is often criticized for its mediocre writing style. This essay wants to advocate for this opinion through literary analysis.
• Critique of an Adidas Promotional Strategy. Adidas is one of the world’s most fabulous clothes, shoes, and equipment producers. The corporation registers hundreds of patterns on new tech for its products every year. But this doesn’t mean that Adidas does everything right. This paper demonstrates the unethical practices the company uses in its advertising campaigns.
• A Reader Response Critique of “A Rose for Emily.” Written in 1892, The Yellow Wallpaper is a short story by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. It talks about the role of women in the late 1800s. Back then, they were regarded as passive individuals who couldn’t think independently. This paper critically examines the text’s effectiveness as a psychological horror story.
• Organizational Personnel Policy Critique. Personnel management covers many aspects of a company’s daily operations. It helps create a harmonious work environment that benefits all participants. However, some of the current policies are outdated and need to be adjusted. This paper critically analyzes policies that drive and evaluate performance. It also shows which changes can be applied to standard HR guidelines.

We are confident that our tips and instructions will make it easier for you to achieve great results. Besides, you can try our helpful essay topic maker to come up with writing ideas! Consider forwarding this article to your friends who may be looking for a quality guide on critical papers.

• What Makes a Critique a Critique? – Tara Horkoff, Writing for Success, OpenTextBC
• How to write a critique – CiteWrite, Queensland University of Technology
• Writing a Critique – Tiffin University, Pfeiffer Library
• Writing a Critique Paper: Seven Easy Steps – Patrick A. Regoniel, Simple Educate
• How to Write a Critical Analysis Essay – Dan Brown, MasterClass

Media Critique

“The media's the most powerful entity on earth. They have the power to make the innocent guilty and to make the guilty innocent, and that's power. Because they control the minds of the masses” (Malcolm X, Searchquotes).

The modern society can be characterized as an information society, the main wealth of which is information. The objective law of the development of the society is the intensification of informational processes, i.e. the increase in the transmission rate, which causes the increase in the amount of information transmitted; acceleration of its processing. This process can have a negative impact on the people, leading to the information overload, which in turn reduces the ability to think and reflect.

The question of the particular concern is the fact that the impact of modern media on the young generation. The fact that this impact is largely negative, is no longer contested. This is supported by existing research and the overall situation in the society. The violence that has convulsed the society, the growth of unwarranted aggression, the destruction of the traditional human values, the lack of moral values in young people, - all of these is caused by the current state of media (William O'Grady, 2007).

This topic is particularly relevant today, as there is the lack of control of the media market, which is characterized by the uncontrolled supply of information to various audiences, causing the ultimately detrimental results to the formation of the moral values of the youth and society in general.

Being involved into market relations media has lost its once-essential function of upbringing, personality formation as well as education. Today's media is a business which main goal is to obtain the profit. In order to achieve this goal all means are used in order to attract the mass audience.

The sources of mass communication transmit certain information. This information is intended to reach people who are on the other side of the media - the public. Mass media is a kind of psychological booster information. The population tends to trust the information that passes through the media to a greater extent than the information transmitted by the word of mouth.

Let us look closer at the impact that media provides on the people while forming their perception of the issue on the basis of the children's deaths (murders) in Quebec.

Sonia Blanchette, 33 years old mother from Quebec, is blamed on killing her three children, i.e. Laurélie, 5, Loïc, 4, and Anaïs, 2. According to the investigation information the family was suffered from financial problems as their relatives said that both parents had recently lost their jobs and were under increasing financial stress. The bodies of children were found on Sunday afternoon in the town 100 kilometres northeast of Montreal. The three children were found dead on Sunday, December, 2, at the mother’s house. The mother had lived alone with the three children in the second floor of a duplex for about two years (CBC News).

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Critique of media.

• Word Count: 1218
• Approx Pages: 5
• View my Saved Essays
• Downloads: 37
• Grade level: High School
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             The media gives society images of how the world should be, but it " does not reflect reality," as David Suzuki said in his essay, "A Major in Television and a Minor in Knowledge." In fact, society's upper class creates it. It reflects their opinions and has biases and stereotypes intertwined in it. It portrays certain groups of people in an unfair way. It creates the construct in society's mind that women have to act a certain way. This is the media. The media which was once used to inform society, has now become a tool used to influence people into buying unrealistic ideas. .              There is no doubt that the media is an integral part of today's modern life. It is one of the most important instruments that inform society of what's happening around the world. Media can also act as a great educator. On the other hand, it is also has a great way of influencing people into believing unrealistic ideas such as stereotyping. Our society is divided into many individual groups according to the "media." For example, the media portrays black males either as basketball players, gangsters that deal drugs, or people that would do anything for money, including murder. Obviously, this has no truth to it whatsoever, but this is the way the media wants us to see it. For example, Denzel Washington, an excellent black actor, has played hundreds of roles during his acting career. One of his first roles was as an attorney in the movie, Philadelphia. Washington did an excellent job in the film, but was left without any major accolades. On the other hand, Washington received an Academy Award for his leading role in the movie, Training Day. Why is this? It can be attributed to Washington's sudden change of direction from playing a righteous man to that of a corrupt policeman. Why does one have to be what the media portrays them as in order to be well recognized? Could one not just be known for their own, unique talents instead of being the stereotyped image that the media has created for them? .

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