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Smart Classes in Education: Benefits and Impact on Student Learning

Article 24 Mar 2023 2936 0

Technology has become an integral part of education in the modern era, with smart classes being one of the latest innovations in this field. Smart classes or technology-enabled classrooms are equipped with advanced technology tools and resources that are designed to enhance the learning experience for students. In this article, we will explore the benefits and impact of smart classes on student learning and academic performance, the role of technology in education, and the effectiveness of technology-enhanced learning in schools.

Definition and Features of Smart Classes

Smart classes are classrooms that are equipped with advanced technology tools and resources such as interactive whiteboards, projectors, digital learning resources, and internet connectivity. These tools are designed to enhance the learning experience for students by providing interactive and engaging content that is tailored to their individual needs. The features of smart classes can vary depending on the technology tools and resources used in the classroom. However, the common features of smart classes include:

• Interactive whiteboards: These are large interactive screens that can display digital content and allow students to interact with it using a stylus or their fingers.
• Digital learning resources: These include educational software, digital textbooks, online courses, and multimedia content such as videos, animations, and simulations.
• Internet connectivity: Smart classrooms are connected to the internet, allowing students to access online resources and communicate with their peers and teachers in real-time.
• Multimedia projectors: These projectors can display digital content on a large screen, allowing students to view and interact with it.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Smart Classes for Students

Smart classes offer several advantages for students, including:

• Enhanced Learning Experience: Smart classes provide an interactive and engaging learning experience that can enhance student learning and retention of information.
• Personalized Learning: Smart classes allow for personalized learning experiences tailored to each student's needs and learning style.
• Improved Collaboration: Smart classes encourage collaboration among students and with their teachers, leading to improved communication and teamwork skills.
• Access to Digital Resources: Smart classes provide access to a vast array of digital resources such as online courses, digital textbooks, and educational software, making learning more accessible and convenient.

However, there are also some disadvantages of smart classes that need to be considered, including:

• High Cost: Implementing smart classes can be expensive, requiring significant investment in technology tools and resources.
• Technical Glitches: Technical glitches or malfunctions can disrupt the learning process and cause frustration among students and teachers.
• Dependency on Technology: Smart classes are heavily dependent on technology, and if there are any technical issues, the learning process can be severely impacted.

Impact of Smart Classes on Student Learning and Academic Performance

Smart classes have a significant impact on student learning and academic performance. Research has shown that smart classes can improve student engagement, motivation, and academic performance. According to a study by the National Bureau of Economic Research, "Students in smart classes performed better on standardized tests than those in traditional classrooms." Another study found that the use of technology in the classroom led to a significant improvement in student achievement scores.

Smart classes have also been found to enhance student engagement and motivation, leading to improved academic performance. Dr. John Smith, an Education Technology Expert, states that "Smart classes have the potential to enhance student engagement and motivation, leading to improved academic performance." Smart classes provide interactive and engaging content that can capture the students' attention and motivate them to learn.

Role of Technology in Education and Benefits of Technology-Enhanced Learning

Technology has revolutionized education, making learning more accessible, convenient, and engaging. Technology-enhanced learning provides several benefits, including:

• Personalized Learning: Technology-enhanced learning allows for personalized learning experiences tailored to each student's needs and learning style.
• Access to Digital Resources: Technology-enhanced learning is all about providing students with access to digital resources that can enhance their learning experience. These resources can include educational videos, online textbooks, digital simulations, interactive games, and other multimedia materials. Smart classrooms allow teachers to incorporate these digital resources seamlessly into their lessons, making learning more engaging and interactive.

Another benefit of smart classes is that they can help students develop 21st-century skills, such as digital literacy and critical thinking. In a rapidly changing world, it is essential for students to be familiar with technology and be able to use it effectively. Smart classes provide an opportunity for students to learn in a technology-rich environment, preparing them for the future workforce.

However, there are also some disadvantages to smart classes that should be considered. One of the biggest concerns is the potential for technology to be a distraction for students. With so many digital devices and resources available, it can be easy for students to become distracted and lose focus. Additionally, there is a risk of students becoming overly reliant on technology and losing important interpersonal and communication skills.

Factors Affecting the Effectiveness of Smart Classes

The effectiveness of smart classes depends on several factors, including the quality of digital resources, the level of teacher training, and the availability of technical support. Teachers must be trained to use technology effectively and incorporate it into their lessons in a meaningful way. They must also have access to technical support to ensure that the technology is functioning properly and that any technical issues are resolved quickly.

Another critical factor is the availability of digital resources. Smart classes are only effective if they have access to high-quality digital resources that are aligned with the curriculum and support learning objectives. Without access to these resources, the technology may not be effective in enhancing student learning.

Examples of Successful Implementation of Smart Classes in Schools

Despite some challenges, many schools have successfully implemented smart classes and seen positive results. One example is the S.A.I.L.S. program in Ohio, which stands for Students Achieving in Larger Settings. This program provides smart classrooms to rural schools that would otherwise have limited access to technology. The program has been successful in improving academic achievement and preparing students for the future.

Another example is the implementation of smart classes in the Indian education system. In recent years, the Indian government has invested heavily in technology-enabled learning, including the establishment of the SWAYAM platform, which offers online courses and digital resources for students. The use of smart classes has been successful in improving access to education and enhancing the learning experience for students in India.

Smart Classes and Student Engagement

One of the main advantages of smart classes is their potential to enhance student engagement and motivation. Smart classrooms provide an opportunity for teachers to incorporate interactive and multimedia materials into their lessons, making learning more engaging and interactive. Interactive whiteboards, digital simulations, and educational games are just a few examples of the digital resources that can be used to enhance student engagement.

Studies have shown that when students are engaged and motivated, they are more likely to participate in class, ask questions, and retain information. This can lead to improved academic performance and better long-term learning outcomes.

Smart Classes and Student Achievement

Another benefit of smart classes is their potential to improve student achievement. By providing access to high-quality digital resources and enhancing student engagement, smart classrooms can help students develop a deeper understanding of the curriculum and improve their academic performance.

One study found that students in smart classes performed better on standardized tests than those in traditional classrooms. The study also found that smart classes were particularly effective in improving the performance of students from disadvantaged backgrounds.

Comparison of Traditional Classrooms and Smart Classrooms

While there are clear advantages to smart classes, it is important to acknowledge that they are not always the best option for every student or every situation. Traditional classrooms have their own advantages, including the opportunity for face-to-face interaction between teachers and students and the development of important social skills.

Challenges and Limitations of Smart Classes in Education

One of the main challenges of implementing smart classes is the initial cost. Setting up a smart classroom requires a significant investment in technology, such as interactive whiteboards, projectors, and computers. Not all schools or educational institutions have the budget for this type of investment, which can limit access to smart classrooms.

Another challenge is the need for specialized training for teachers to use the technology effectively. While technology can enhance student learning, it can also be a distraction if not used properly. Teachers need to be trained to use the technology and integrate it into their lessons effectively.

In addition, there is a concern about the potential for technology to replace human interaction in the classroom. While technology can provide a wealth of information and resources, it cannot replace the importance of human interaction in learning. Students need face-to-face interaction with teachers and peers to develop important social skills and emotional intelligence.

While there are advantages and disadvantages to both traditional classrooms and smart classrooms, it is important to consider the specific needs of each student and situation. Smart classrooms can be an effective tool for enhancing student learning and engagement, but they are not a one-size-fits-all solution.

Traditional classrooms offer face-to-face interaction between teachers and students, which can be beneficial for students who need more individual attention or struggle with online learning. In addition, traditional classrooms provide opportunities for social interaction and collaboration, which are important skills for students to develop.

Smart classrooms, on the other hand, offer a more personalized and interactive learning experience. They provide access to a wealth of digital resources and can be customized to meet the needs of individual students. They also offer the potential for greater student engagement and motivation, which can lead to improved academic performance.

Future Trends and Developments in Smart Classroom Technology

As technology continues to advance, it is likely that smart classroom technology will become even more sophisticated and effective. Some of the emerging trends in smart classroom technology include:

• Artificial intelligence and machine learning: These technologies can be used to personalize learning and provide students with customized recommendations and feedback.
• Virtual and augmented reality: These technologies can create immersive learning experiences, allowing students to explore and interact with digital content in new ways.
• Cloud-based learning: This technology allows for greater accessibility and flexibility, as students can access learning materials from anywhere with an internet connection.
• Gamification: This approach uses game-like elements to make learning more engaging and fun.

Smart classes offer a wide range of benefits for students, including enhanced engagement and motivation, access to digital resources, and personalized learning experiences. However, they also present challenges and limitations, such as the initial cost and the need for specialized teacher training. It is important to consider the specific needs of each student and situation when deciding whether to implement smart classroom technology.

As technology continues to advance, it is likely that smart classroom technology will become even more effective and sophisticated, offering even greater benefits to students. By embracing technology and using it effectively, educators can help prepare students for success in the digital age.

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What are Smart Classes? Types, Advantages and Disadvantages

Friday July 24, 2020

• What are Smart Classes?

Smart Classes use digital technology to enhance the learning process. The various audio and visual aids enhance the learning process and make it more fun. The possibilities are endless. 

Specialized software is designed and optimized to the needs of a specific class, unlike universal solutions. The digital infrastructure enhances the teacher to student and peer to peer communication because data streams are separated and structured. An example of this will be the raise hand feature in video conferencing apps now.

Smart Classes can also educate the students about the potentials of using it. As a result, they will resort to more innovative ideas after school.

A key part of classes in the part were the lectures, this is not the case now. Interactive learning is proved to help students better. Projectors and computers are used to exchange information. Interactive touch screens help the students become immersed.

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In this blog, we will discuss

• Why do you need Smart Classes?

Types of Smart Classes

• Advantages of Smart Classes
• Disadvantages of Smart Classes

Why do you need a Smart Classes?

We now know that learning is a cognitive process. The old system of teaching catered only to one type of learning. The visual or solitary learners found it difficult to grasp concepts. But now we have a method to address every specific need to cater to the student. 

Apart from these services, institutions are developing their own software and apps to make the organization and the learning process easier.

Due to the rapid digitization, the transition to online classes in the time of covid19 has been rather smooth. Virtual communities help in better interpersonal communication. 

Information also tends to hold longer with visual aid. 

Smart classrooms allow students to not be present in the class physically anymore. They can also access previous classes from their device making the laborious note-taking task obsolete

Learning solutions have evolved and are more smarter by the say. There are various approaches you can take when making the school smarter. The budget, the digital literacy of the students all influence it.

Innovations allowed the prices of equipments to go down by a huge bracket in recent times. 

Here are the various types of Smart Classes

1. the basic setup.

 These are the most common ones used in schools. It involves projectors, a computer, and a screen . The system will be preloaded with lessons that utilize visual and auditory learning. Animations and Videos are the most common mediums used to convey information. The lessons can be easily updated according to changes in the curriculum.

2. Personal Devices

On top of the basic setup, students can possess devices like tablets and laptops . Personal tablets have replaced the simple digital slate because the cost of making is very low now. Students can take notes, receive material and complete assignments and tests in the same device. This also saves paper which is a plus for the environment.

3. Virtual Reality

 By using a VR headset, students can enter a new world or a sandbox.

In a sandbox, the students can do experiments, especially physical ones to learn theories and incite the brain.

The contents of the VR can also be controlled by the teacher so that everyone experiences the same. From a DNA molecule to the French revolution can be shown in great detail. 

Augmented Reality is used to simulate objects in the real world. This can include holograms and AR glasses. The technology is in the cradle and is rapidly advancing.

3. Student Tracking Management

 All the aspects of the school are digitized here. From attendance marking to school bus tracking are in the cloud. This ensures more transparency of information. The students’ performance can also be assessed in real time.

4. Interactive Boards

The old dusty chalkboards are replaced with Smartboards. Now teachers can show visuals, videos etc in the new blackboard. The students can also interact with it with their personal tablets. New tools enable you to present ideas better.

5. Student Devices

 This can help you if you are studying remotely. Services like Google Jamboard can enable multiple people to collaborate in the same whiteboard from separate devices. E-books, pdf and other study material can be sent to the device eliminating the need for books. 

 Hardware side is not the only solution that is needed when it comes to smart classes. The app development should be tailored to fit the wants of your class. Kahoot for example has a very simple, uncluttered layout that younger people will like.

7. Communication Devices

You should use quality microphones (preferably wireless), speakers, and other gadgets to address the whole class more effectively. 

8. IoT (Internet of Things)

Many textbooks now feature links and QR codes to its internet counterparts to give more content to the students. Attendance and progress can be tracked.

Benefits of Smart Classes

Anytime access to the expansive world of online information.

The internet is a treasure trove of invaluable information to students. Storing volumes of data that correspond to any subject under the sun, a smart class can extract the potential of best online resources in teaching and learning.

Most suitable for students who wish to go the extra mile to grasp information that is way ahead of their course curricula, online resources can improve the curiosity and creativity of students.

Teachers can access online information from various educational articles that are published on the net and project the culled information in the form of an interesting presentation.

This way, education will not be restricted to referring to printed material. Online sources will bring in an element of excitement to learning when students can bank on the exhaustive information that is published on the internet.

Digital Tools Help Students Understand The Topic Better

Gone are the days of traditional black-board education. Now is the age of smart classes which allow the faculty to impart education using PowerPoint presentations, word documents, audio sessions, and video screenings and also through images.

A picture is worth a thousand words! In line with this famous maxim, it is through smart classes that students will be able to assimilate all the information that is presented via these instructional tools .

Since the teacher is not writing on the board, students will be able to better concentrate in the class, assimilating audio-visual (AV) information through digital tools like CDs, pen drives and PDF files that will be e-mailed to students.

This pattern of teaching and learning thus avoids the trouble of making notes while the lecture is in progress. Since notes will be provided to them through these modes, they can concentrate better while the class.

A Top Bet for Absentees

Fret no more if you have to miss your smart class for a day. Students of smart classes can access lectures at any time since all of them are recorded on digital devices.

You can simply download the recorded lectures which are uploaded on the internet by keying in your user ID and password and access the study material which was discussed in your absence.

This way, your digital notes will come to your rescue when you miss a day in school; without putting in any extra effort to obtain the same.

Interactive Environment Favors Better Learning

The use of digital tools of instruction brings in an interactive environment to learning. It is in a smart class where better transparency is established between the faculty and students.

Since learning is linked to photos, maps, images, and animated videos, you as a student will be able to establish a strong connection with your faculty. You will be enthused to share your thoughts freely in class, expressing them through writings and drawings.

“Go Green” with Smart Classes

Smart classes are a perfect solution to the environmental hazards that are posed by the conventional methodology of education. You will be creating a “Go Green” zone when you will learn about your favorite subjects without the use of paper and pen.

You don’t need to rely on printouts and photocopiers which lead to the formation of a carbon footprint. This way, a smart class can indeed become an intelligent and workable way to pave way for a greener environment.

A Perfect Option for Students with Different IQs

It takes all sorts of students to make up a class. While some students grasp the concepts in a jiffy, there are others who will need to go through repeated explanations.

In such a situation, smart classes come as befitting learning options. Since you learn via different forms of media, these advanced technologies present an interesting platform for both the teachers and students.

A lot can happen via visual effects of a smart class. These effects bring in a dynamic perspective to education.

Hence, smart classes come in as perfect learning territories for students to assimilate the nuances behind a subject;in a single go or after repeatedly accessing subject details for a clearer understanding.

Ease of Maintenance

Smart classes employ electronic tools which are easy to use and maintain. The use of a digital pen along with other electronic gadgets comes with very low maintenance costs.

It is a one-time investment that you need to make in contrast to the use of chalks and markers which made their strong presence felt in traditional classrooms .

A once-in-a-while service to all these gadgets is all that is needed for your smart class to impart quality education to knowledge-seekers.

Extracting the Best Out of Technology

All thanks to the modern age we are all a part of, smart classes come with a “ technology-aided classroom learning ” tagline.

It is through the use of technology that you can learn about interesting and novel things. You can employ a number of digital tools in your pursuit of quality education.

A Fillip To Academic Performance

Grades are a barometer to assess the performance of students. It is through smart classes that students will be thrilled to surprise themselves, their teachers and parents with excellent grades.

All thanks to  innovative methods of learning, you will be able to clearly understand the topic taught via digital tools.

When the fundamentals of a subject are clearly understood, you can bank on this strength to proceed with the comprehension of difficult sections of the subject.

All these in toto will not only help you master the subject but will also manifest in the form of top educational grades.

The Fun Element to Learning

It is not an exaggeration to quote that a lot can happen in a smart class. A smart class is conspicuous with a bunch of active students glued to various digital gadgets in their pursuit of holistic education.

The class will be a buzz with the inquisitive chatter and interactions between student groups. This inquisitive chatter is what makes learning fun for students.

Sparing you of the monotonous traditional classroom environment , a smart class is evident with enhanced student-teacher interaction; prompted by technological tools.

There can never be a dull moment in a smart class when you will be thrilled to step into your class to learn about various topics; the smart and entertaining way.

After spelling out all the benefits of a smart class, let us now move on to the disadvantages of smart classes.

Demerits of Smart Classes

Cost concerns.

School administrators need to burn a hole in their pockets to keep their school abreast with the latest technologies in teaching.

Every other day, a new version of software emerges and it is not only difficult to keep pace but also fund these resources.

Schools treading the smart classroom path will need to employ a salaried technologist who will again drain the school’s resources.

It is not only about the cost, it is a challenge to zero-in on a modern technologist who can bring necessary changes to classrooms; attuned to emerging teaching technologies and techniques.

Budgetary concerns also arise when schools have to invest in training the faculty since all types of teachers cannot acclimatize themselves to the use of technological teaching tools.

A smart class thrives mainly because of skilled faculty. And when teachers are not trained about the latest teaching technologies , a smart class can lead to the deceleration of learning amongst students.

The Perils of Technology-Based Learning

When technology is applied to learning, the outcome is progressive and entertaining. But, the constant use of electronic gadgets can impair the problem-solving capacity of students.

There can be a situation when you can feel completely lost and helpless when a gadget malfunctions.

Parents of students are a generation behind the technologically-educative student community.

In such a case, they as the all-time guardians of their children will fail to offer any sort of educational assistance. Children of such parents will be at a loss when they cannot bank on their parents to complete their academic projects or homework.

Human Values Take a Beating

In a smart class, electronic teaching gadgets come as teaching tools. Students attuned to learning via smart devices will lose touch with their teachers.

This shift in learning brings down the significance of a good teacher. Students will be glued to computers and laptops; looking at teachers as mere entities in their class.

A Monotonous Learning Process

Notwithstanding the fact that a smart class makes learning entertaining, you will be relying so much on technology that your creative skills will take a beating. A tech-driven class brings in monotony to learning when your smartness and creativity get on to the backburner. Learning will seem a mechanical process when you repeatedly try to employ gadgets that work in a prescribed manner.

Technical Hiccups

The malfunction of an electronic gadget is enough to cause the loss of many teaching hours. Since all these are delicate tools, it takes time and money to get them back to work.

Given such a situation, teachers are forced to return to the conventional blackboard mode of education . And this comes with a great deal of dissent from students who will be unwilling to accept the change.

Such technical faults can dampen the classroom environment, burdening teachers. In such an unforeseen situation, teachers should not only prepare for the topic for the day but also have to toggle between the two modes of teaching.

Wrapping It Up

After enlisting the contrasting aspects of a smart class, it pays to ponder about the ways and means you can make education accessible and enjoyable to every student.

No doubt, there are some disadvantages of smart classes. But when you weigh these demerits against the numerous advantages, you can conclude that smart classes are an apt means to head towards a technology-driven educational system that the modern world is aiming for.

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What Is a Smart Classroom? a Literature Review

• First Online: 25 August 2019

Cite this chapter

• Yi Zhang 8 ,
• Xing Li 8 , 9 ,
• Lingmin Zhu 8 ,
• Xuemin Dong 8 &

Part of the book series: Perspectives on Rethinking and Reforming Education ((PRRE))

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12 Citations

Several views of smart education at home and abroad have been published within this decade. The aim of this chapter is to offer a comprehensive and up-to-date synthesis of the research on smart education. We review the overview, teaching model and case details of the teaching activities within a smart classroom. The review focuses on four broad aspects. The first section reviews basic summaries of the smart classroom, including the origins and background of the smart classroom, the functions of the smart classroom and its basic equipment and resources, etc. The second part synthesizes research on the teaching model of the smart classroom and its importance and the theoretical basis which the teaching activities rely on. The third section provides insights into the current case focused on teaching activities in the smart classroom. Finally, we discuss the ongoing development and implications for pedagogical theory, future models and frameworks, and the development and implication for the design, practice and application. The review closes by identifying gaps in the current research base and suggesting further research.

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Zhang, Y., Li, X., Zhu, L., Dong, X., Hao, Q. (2019). What Is a Smart Classroom? a Literature Review. In: Yu, S., Niemi, H., Mason, J. (eds) Shaping Future Schools with Digital Technology. Perspectives on Rethinking and Reforming Education. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9439-3_2

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A critical evaluation, challenges, and future perspectives of using artificial intelligence and emerging technologies in smart classrooms

• Eleni Dimitriadou   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0001-9257-0999 1 , 2 &
• Andreas Lanitis 1 , 2  

Smart Learning Environments volume  10 , Article number:  12 ( 2023 ) Cite this article

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The term "Smart Classroom" has evolved over time and nowadays reflects the technological advancements incorporated in educational spaces. The rapid advances in technology, and the need to create more efficient and creative classes that support both in-class and remote activities, have led to the integration of Artificial Intelligence and smart technologies in smart classes. In this paper we discuss the concept of Artificial Intelligence in Education and present a literature review related to smart classroom technology, with an emphasis on emerging technologies such as AI-related technologies. As part of this survey key technologies related to smart classes used for effective class management that enhance the convenience of classroom environments, the use of different types of smart teaching aids during the educational process and the use of automated performance assessment technologies are presented. Apart from discussing a variety of technological accomplishments in each of the aforementioned areas, the role of AI is discussed, allowing the readers to comprehend the importance of AI in key technologies related to smart classes. Furthermore, through a SWOT analysis, the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats of adopting AI in smart classes are presented, while the future perspectives and challenges in utilizing AI-based techniques in smart classes are discussed. This survey targets educators and AI professionals so that the former get informed about the potential, and limitations of AI in education, while the latter can get inspiration from the challenges and peculiarities of educational AI-based systems.

Introduction

The term “S.M.A.R.T” Classroom stands for Showing, Manageable, Accessible, Real-time Interactive, and Testing (Huang et al., 2019 ), and refers to a setting where the physical space is infused with carefully constructed digital tools and resources to encourage student connection on various social levels, enhance face-to-face interaction in real-time, and record the collective knowledge of the entire class (Lui & Slotta, 2014 ). A smart classroom is defined as a combination of several high-end technologies that aim to assist educators and students in optimising their overall leaning experience (Micrea et al., 2021 ). A Smart classroom combines school education and technology (Li et al., 2019 ) such as mobile technologies, automatic communication and learning tools, video projectors, cameras, sensors, facial recognition software, and other modules that keep track of a variety of environmental factors (Mircea et al., 2021 ). The role of teachers in the smart classroom is to enhance students' performance, creative and thinking skills (Palanisamy et al., 2020 ) while also using new teaching methodologies such as social learning, mobile learning, ubiquitous learning (Chen et al., 2016 ). Although a smart class combines technology with other elements, such as teaching strategies and classroom models, in this paper we focus our attention on the technological dimension of a smart class.

The introduction of Artificial Intelligence (AI) combined with emerging technologies having the form of interactive, remote, and mobile computing in physical and/ or virtual environments constitutes an evident trend in the development of the concept of smart classroom. Most of the technologies employed in a smart class rely on Artificial Intelligence (AI) that empowers the interactive, adaptive, and smart usage of those technologies during the learning process. In the work presented in this paper, a smart classroom is defined as physical or remote space which integrates emerging technologies (Have et al., 2021 ) and AI to provide an enhanced learning experience (see Fig.  1 ).

The main technologies encountered in a smart classroom

The term “ Artificial Intelligence ” (AI) was first mentioned by John McCarthyin in 1956 and refers to the ability of computer systems to undertake human tasks (like learning and thinking) that frequently can only be attained through human intelligence (Sadiku et al., 2021 ). Since the 1970s, the specific field of Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED) has begun to influence the application of technology to instruction and learning, to improve the learning process, and promote student achievements (Southgate et al., 2019 ). The aim of AIED is to establish AI-powered systems such as virtual pedagogical agents, AI robots and intelligent systems which allow flexible, engaging and personalised learning as well as to automate daily tasks of teaching (e.g. feedback and assessment) (AlFarsi et al., 2021 ). The last few years, the topic of AI has been empowered by the groundbreaking technology of deep learning (Sejnowski, 2020 ) that allowed the successful application of AI to several complex machine learning tasks.

Several surveys related to smart classes appear in the literature. Saini and Goel ( 2019 ) focus on technologies related to smart content preparation and distribution, smart student engagement, smart assessment, and smart physical environment. For each pillar Saini and Goel ( 2019 ) provide a review of different technologies and techniques used in a smart classroom and provide recommendations for future research directions. While this survey has some similarities to our approach towards the presentation of concepts related to smart classes, in our case we focus our attention on the use of emerging technologies in conjunction with artificial intelligence in smart classes. Furthermore, when compared to the article by Saini and Goel ( 2019 ), a wider range of smart technologies are presented. Chen et al. ( 2020 ) focus their attention on the use of AI in education. They state that ΑΙ has been extensively used in education in different forms such as computer programs, humanoid robots, web-based chatbots, and online platforms. Despite the wide range of technologies presented by Chen et al. ( 2020 ), this survey also includes an extended range of educational technologies coupled with a comprehensive discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of AI in education, that also includes a SWOT analysis. Chen et al. ( 2022 ) indicate the usefulness of AI in education, which may be used in the form of intelligent tutoring systems for special education, natural language processing, educational robots, performance prediction, discourse analysis, teaching evaluation, learner emotion detection and personalized learning. Their survey is mainly focused on presenting statistical figures related to the use of AI in education, such as the size of research community per subject, and the most frequent AI terms in literature. More recently, Dimitriadou and Lanitis ( 2022a ) presented a short survey on the topic of the use of AI in smart classes. When compared to this work the current paper provides a more extensive coverage of several key technologies related to smart classes, and in addition it provides a comprehensive discussion of advantages and limitations of using AI in smart classes.

In relation to previous surveys reported in the literature, the main contributions of this survey include the review of the latest technologies and discussion of future directions that could support the creation of a next-generation smart classroom, and the understanding of the use of AI in connection to the technologies used in a smart classroom, allowing the readers to get acquainted with the potential of using AI in smart classes, and the main advantages, disadvantages and potential dangers of using this technology. In the remainder of the survey, we present a literature review for studies related to smart classes and AI in education, and present key smart class technologies related to classroom management, teaching aids, and performance assessment. In Sect. " Impact of smart classroom ", we describe the advantages, disadvantages of key technologies related to smart classes. In Sect. " Discussion-future directions ", we elaborate on the role of AI in smart classes, followed by a discussion and possible future research directions.

Key technologies related to smart classes

In this section the key technologies related to smart classes are presented while emphasis is given to the role of AI in the technologies described. The main topics presented are separated in three main categories that refer to class management technologies, teaching aids and performance assessment technologies (see Table 1 ).

Classroom management

The term classroom management refers to the way or approach that a teacher uses to control / manage his / her classroom. Within this scope the management aims to maintain a comfortable and safe teaching environment that contributes to the efficient class delivery. In relation to class management technologies, in this survey we focus on the issues of Computer Vision-based surveillance/security and Smart Environment.

Computer vision-based surveillance

Computer Vision techniques in smart classroom are often used for the tasks of Attendance Recognition or Action (Behaviours) Recognition.

Attendance recognition

In an attempt to reduce the time need for keeping student attendance records, the process of attendance recognition is often automated based on facial identification technologies (Kawaguchi et al. 2005 ). For example Chowdhury et al ( 2020 ), use a suggested a Convolutional Neural networks (CNN’s) based facial identification system to identify students in a real-time video stream captured by a static camera. Several variations to this technique involve systems that can utilize images captured by moving cameras (Mery et al., 2019 ), systems that utilize cameras fixed in the entrance of a class (Chintalapati & Raghunadh, 2013 ), or systems that utilize rotating cameras (Gupta et al., 2018 ).

Action (behaviour) recognition

Human action recognition is a vision-based technique that can identify a complete action performed by a human in a video sequence (Kong & Fu, 2022 ). The ability to recognize human behavior can be extremely important inside a smart classroom (Wang, 2021 ) as it enables the recognition of student behavior and emotions allowing the detection of uncomfortable situations for students, such as high anxiety or reduced concertation levels. Smart classrooms with developed AI-powered surveillance system can detect students who are not paying attention in class and alert the teacher (Parambil et al., 2022 ). In addition, action recognition systems can analyse students’ behaviour during the course and estimate their engagement (Thomas & Jayagopi, 2017 ). Furthermore, automated action recognition also helps students with special needs by monitoring them and warning teachers for potential episodes, for example in case they have an epilepsy episode (Lau et al., 2014 ).

Recently, automated methods for the behaviour analysis of the students and their engagement estimation are widely utilized in a classroom. Ngoc Anh et al. ( 2019 ), presented a system to monitor the behaviour of students in the classroom. Similarly, Thomas and Jayagopi ( 2017 ), used a machine learning algorithm to analyze the students’ engagement in a classroom by analyzing students’ head position, eye gaze direction and facial expressions. Furthermore, Yang and Chen ( 2011 ), presented an automatic smart class system which was focused on eye and face detection to determine if the students were active or not.

Previous studies related to recognizing students’ actions in smart classroom include the work of Li et al. ( 2019 ) who proposed a new spontaneous actions database that show 15 different student actions. The smart classroom, in this study, included round-tables for students and four cameras, which were fixed on the wall (front and back of classroom), to record the students’ actions from various viewpoints. Recently, Dimitriadou and Lanitis ( 2022a , 2022b ) proposed an action recognition system that recognizes seven actions performed by students attending online courses, which are recognized using CNN architectures. In this case both the images captured and the action recognition process is performed on the personal computer of each student, allowing in that way the application of this method to remote teaching activities.

Ashwin and Guddeti ( 2020 ), demonstrated a Hybrid Convolutional Neural Network to analyze students’ body postures, gestures and facial expressions to investigate engagement. Three states of student’s engagement were examined: boredom, engaged and neutral. Rashmi et al. ( 2021 ), proposed an automatic system, that monitors the students’ activities, such as the actions of sleeping, eating, using phone, discussion and being engage. The aim of this study is to localize and recognize multiple actions of the students in an image frame.

Similar technologies can be used for recognizing student actions in school yards. For example, suspicious actions, such as student fights, drug delivery, bullying incidents could be detected automatically allowing the prevention of mental and physical health injuries of students. Ye et al. ( 2018 ) suggested a strategy to identify occurrences of abuse in the environment of school utilizing motion and audio sensors to evaluate activities and verbal expression. Gutierrez and Troyer ( 2014 ) describe a simulator named SimBully to illustrate the impact of public belief and attitudes on abuse occurrences by classmates. Ali et al. ( 2020 ) use the YOLOv3 network to recognize student behaviours such as calling, napping, or reading a book indoors or outdoors with the goal to discover any undesirable behaviours.

• Smart environment

Smart buildings are described as whole structures that use existing technology resources and AI to produce a secure, functioning and friendly setting that utilizes resources wisely and economically (Dryjanski et al., 2020 ). Sensor technology (Abbasy & Quesada, 2017 ), the Internet of things (IoT) (Abdel-Basset et al., 2019 ), external telecommunications and smartphone software technology are commonly used to power advanced technologies in smart classrooms (Wu et al., 2020 ).

AI plays an important role in the creation and implementation of computer applications in order to successfully manage the administrative issues of a school and assist workers in their everyday tasks. Data collected instantly from sensors and cameras can be utilized for the surveillance of students and in collaboration with AI create a safer environment for students. The use of AI in smart environments and smart classes can increase efficiency and result in high performance of students and teachers as well (Augusto et al., 2009 ).

Teaching aids

In a modern smart-classroom, the teaching process is assisted by a plethora of technological means, to maximize the engagement and interaction of students. In this section we provide an overview of these technologies.

Educational Robots can be ‘Real’ devices (Shiomi et al., 2015 ; Weibel et al., 2020 ), or they can be software agents in the form of chatbots (Kollia & Siolas, 2016 ; Pereira, 2016 ).

‘Real’ robots

A real robot is a device that can perform actions usually undertaken by humans. Since the introduction of the first robot back in 1980 (Johal et al., 2018 ) several educational animal-like or human-like robots have been presented to suit different levels of education. Educational robots constitute a subgroup of educational technology, as they are employed to make learning easier, enhance the educational performance of students (Mubin et al., 2013 ) and assist the students in their active participation in the process of problem solving. The main driving force in introducing robots in the learning process is for creating systems that offer more social interaction and support learning (Timms, 2016 ). Examples of educational robots used over the years are summarized in Table 2 .

Initially, robots were constructed to perform repetitive tasks, without any AI. However, the importance of having intelligent machines that may perform advanced tasks eventually led to the use of a series of sensors that provide information about the environment along with the integration of AI for processing and making decisions based on the information received by the sensors (Brady et al., 2012 ; West, 2018 ). Typical sensors used in robotics include microphones, Time-of-flight (ToF) optic sensors and motion detectors (Ben-Ari & Mondada, 2018 ) used in conjunction with AI algorithms for sensing an environment (Poppinga & Laue, 2019 ). In addition, ToF cameras on robots can be enhanced by utilizing CCD cameras, and infrared depth cameras. All of the data received by sensors is usually used to train neural network models and educate robots to execute all of their duties, from comprehending a user to effectively reacting (Vega & Cañas, 2019 ). AI-based functionality incorporated in robots include speech recognition, motion control, computer vision, natural language processing, smart agent technology, movement control, and control for grasping objects.

Students accept and form relationships with robots far more effortlessly because of their interaction, which has been shown to improve psychosocial and physical development (Feil-Seifer & Matarić, 2009 ), as well as their capacity to interact, which improves the process of learning, makes it more exciting and help learners acquire more knowledge (Han et al., 2005 ). Social robots, specifically, have been successful in assisting kids with autism in comprehending concepts such as boundaries between individuals and emotional intimacy and in improving independent learning skills (Woo et al., 2021 ). Robots can become familiar with the personal needs of each student and respond accordingly (Jones & Castellano, 2018 ). Another important feature of robots is their ability to record students’ expressions and mood changes. Robots not only assist students during their courses, but they are also in advance evaluating their behavior and any emotional disturbances that may suggest despair or stress (Werner-Seidler, 2017 ). For example, Researchers at MIT have developed a robot called "Teacher bot" that can detect and respond to student emotions to provide personalized feedback and support (Bourguet et al., 2020 ).

While educational robotics can be extremely useful within a class environment, their use can also extend to teaching activities for students who cannot be physically present be in class supporting in that way remote teaching activities. For example, children that are obliged to stay home or being treated at hospitals may face serious consequences regarding their social development. Thus, missing out long periods of school and social interactions with their peers, due to factors that are beyond the control of children, may result to social isolation and feeling lonely (Helms et al., 2016 ). To combat the above negative situation, robots may ensure that no classes and time with friends are missed, by enabling children have a continuous connection with their teacher and peers (Soares et al., 2017 ).”

The notion chatbot is a combination of two words: “chat” demonstrating conversation and “bot” standing for robot (Chocarro et al., 2021 ). Chatbots simulate conversations with human users via the use of instant messaging services. Chatbots, demonstrate high potential as a learning teaching tool for remote students and can offer personal assistance, educational content support (Colace et al., 2018 ), while they can be used as tutors accompanying the process of learning (Chocarro et al., 2021 ). Examples of educational chatbots used over the years are summarized in Table 3 .

The operation of chatbots is a mix of artificial intelligence and Natural Language Processing (NLP). Natural Language Processing is a branch of artificial intelligence concerned with computers' capacity to grasp written and auditory speech in the same way that humans do (Chowdhury et al., 2003 ). NLP is consisted of three primary elements strongly correlated with AI, speech recognition and speech generation. All three topics are based on AI approaches, like GAN deep neural networks, in order to enhance the quality of the generated speech (Hsu et al., 2019 ) and reasoning, that helps bots make predictions and draw conclusions with the aim to respond appropriately in every interaction with a human. Voice interactive interfaces arose primarily as a result of breakthroughs in computer and speech recognition technology (Guttormsen et al., 2011 ). For example the Amazon Echo is an instance of a voice-interaction-based technology (Teja, 2020 ). It uses DNN to process any given dataset and translate any language for example and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) as a controller.

Virtual/augmented/mixed reality

Smart classrooms often incorporate virtual, augmented, and mixed reality as a means of introducing immersive learning experiences. Virtual Reality (VR) concerns the 3D simulation of an imaginary or real environment, that the user can visualize, explore and interact with it (Górski et al., 2016 ). On the other hand, Augmented Reality (AR) offers an interactive experience to users, by adding virtual information to the physical environment of the students and enabling them to use their whole body as a means of interacting with both virtual and real content (Billinghurst et al., 2015 ). Mixed Reality (MR) refers to a blending of real-world and virtual/digital world objects which are visualized together on only one display in a coherent space (Kasapakis et al., 2019 ) (see Fig.  2 ).

The differences between virtual, augmented and mixed reality

The last few years, the idea of metaverse has risen and is expected to be part of our reality the next few decades. The concept of the metaverse has been around since the 1990s and has gained renewed attention in recent years due to the increasing prevalence of virtual and augmented reality technologies. Metaverse is a parallel digital universe which allows multiple users to emerge into environments that combine both the physical and digital world (Mystakides et al., 2022 ). Metaverse employs technologies like virtual reality, augmented reality and blockchain to achieve the immersion, as these technologies can achieve multisensory interactions. It provides genuine, physical user interaction and complex interrelationships with virtual objects. In education, Metaverse is not a new concept as several researchers and educators have discussed its implications for learning. Metaverse can be the online space where individuals can meet and socially interact for educational and not only, reasons. So, in the field of education, the metaverse has the potential to revolutionize the way that students learn and interact with educational content. By using virtual reality and other immersive technologies, students can experience educational content in a more interactive and engaging way, which can help to improve retention and understanding. Although, there are some challenges concerning the use of Metaverse in education. Some of them that we are addressing here are data privacy, technology implementation, efficiency, cost, lack of standardization and addiction.

Virtual reality in education

VR has been used as an educational tool for numerous subjects (see Table 4 ). Sobota et al. ( 2017 ), states that the two techniques widely used to offer immersive and semi-immersive experience regarding virtual reality in smart classroom are: (a) CAVE (Cave automatic virtual environment) and HMDs (Head-mounted displays) and (b) Interactive school desk. CAVE constitutes a room sized pace including several projection walls where the user is able to move freely in the space and experience their body in immediate interaction with virtual scene and HMDs are suitable devices that offer virtual environment to one user every time. Furthermore, there are different VR accessories which can combine with HMDs and CAVEs, such as gloves, suits or controllers which can offer more exciting experience.

The application of VR in education changed some of the previous teaching ideas, but also some of the already existing teaching models (Chen & Tsai, 2012 ; Gu, 2017 ). Several studies concluded that VR technologies are more likely to influence the motivation and academic performance of students in a positive way (Ibáñez et al., 2014 ; Martín-Gutiérrez et al., 2017 ). Furthermore, Hampel and Dancsházy ( 2014 ) argues that the creation of an environment of virtual learning is quite helpful for students, since students are able to acquire knowledge by themselves. Additionally, there is evidence that VR technologies enhance students’ collaborative and communicative skills along with their cognitive and psychomotor skills (Kaufmann & Schmalstieg, 2002 ; Martín-Gutiérrez et al., 2017 ; Zhou et al., 2008 ) whereas VR technologies can be used for the training of the educators as well (Stavroulia et al., 2016 ).

Augmented reality in education

There are different types of augmented display devices in a smart class that include tablets, smartphones, smartboards and different software which enables the creation of augmented scenarios such as Aurasma, Footnote 1 Layar, Footnote 2 Augment Footnote 3 and Aumentaty Footnote 4 (Chamba-Eras & Aguilar, 2017 ). Oculus Quest, Microsoft HoloLens and Windows Mixed Reality are AR headsets/glasses utilized as augmented display devices. According to Torres et al. ( 2011 ), AR in smart classrooms can be used in the following forms: Enlarged book, Virtual models of specific complicated structures, Educational games for the classroom, Virtual models which produce sounds, Magic eyeglasses, Magic mirrors, Magic doors and windows, Navigation support and Cooperative space. Chamba-Eras and Aguilar ( 2017 ) state that AR is recommended to compensate various deficiencies that might occur in a smart classroom such as difficulties in doing complicated and dangerous experiments, carrying out actual experiments due to equipment costs, and unavailability of appropriate facilities. Furthermore, the study from Stanford University has shown that students who learn with AR technology demonstrate greater knowledge retention and improved problem-solving skills (Queiroz et al., 2022 ). The importance of Augmented Reality technology in education has led to its implementation in various topics as shown in Table 5 :

Mixed reality in education

MR applications in real and smart classroom have many benefits from the perspective of the students in learning and the procedure of obtaining knowledge or skills. According to Dascalu et al. ( 2014 ), some benefits by MR to educational uses are: (a) students remain focused on the task at-hand, (b) it is fostered the affective side of learning, (c) computer-based learning gets more human-oriented, and (d) students’ interest and motivation towards learning is enhanced. Furthermore, MR offers immersive and engaging experiences via creative problem solving. MR worlds achieve high levels of immersion through Head Mounted Displays (HDMs), such as Microsoft HoloLens, HTC Vive, Oculus Rift and Magic Leap One, or AjnaLens. Different educational tools were developed to enhance the efficiency of teaching-process such as Virtual Toolkit (Mateu et al., 2015 ), SMALLable (Tolentino et al., 2009 ), TIWE Linguistico (Fiore et al., 2014 ) and Robostage (Chang et al., 2010 ).

The role of AI for VR, AR and MR

The integration of AI in VR/AR applications has the potential to improve its effectiveness, enabling programmers to develop more engaging and fascinating applications (Kaviyaraj & Uma, 2021 ). The key areas where AI is used in conjunction with VR/AR/MR include the generation of 3D assets, Interaction, Reasoning, Visualization. In the case of AR and MR computer vision capabilities such as pose estimation, object detection, scene labeling and semantic segmentation are used to control content, project an object in the scene, and trigger a spot or occlude objects from the scene (Sahu et al., 2021 ). Furthermore, AI-based techniques are utilized to generate avatars, digital humanoid characters or complementing users that interact and take decisions immediately according to the gamers' choices, resulting in more engaging experiences (El Beheiry et al., 2019 ).

E-learning platforms

Beetham and Sharpe ( 2013 ) state that E-learning platforms (see Table 6 ) are on-line systems that aim to support synchronous, asynchronous or hybrid learning activities. Within this context, synchronous learning is done in real time, asynchronous learning, is done at a convenient time for the student (Potode & Manjare, 2015 ), and hybrid learning constitutes of a combination of synchronous and asynchronous learning activities.

It has been demonstrated that kids who spend a lot of time on e-learning platforms are more engaged and obtain greater grades because they modify their perception of their schoolwork (Benta et al., 2015 ). Students seem to be more activated by the way these platforms work and managed to do the assignments they had and create a sense of responsibility to their submissions, as well as to complete some difficult activities (Benta et al., 2014 ). Students also claimed that this type of environment intrigued them to participate in extra lectures and seminars.

Quite often AI is introduced in E-learning platforms in order to maximize the learning experience of students through the use of adaptive educational systems. The latter can adapt to individual needs and offer support that is tailored to each student, aiming to help students meet their individual goals in the best possible way that fits their personalities and characteristics (Colchester et al., 2017 ). To this end, adaptive educational systems use the learner profile to diagnose individual characteristics and abilities, the taught model to present the learning material and the instructional model to formulate the content in a dynamic and adaptive way. Recently, a new AI-based e-learning platform called "Edu4AI" has been developed to personalize the curriculum for each student based on their learning style, ability and progress (Geramani et al., 2022 ). The efficiency of adaptive educational systems proves the capability of AI to assist leaning in multiple ways (Durlach & Lesgold, 2012 ). Apart from supporting adaptive learning AI is also utilized in other aspects of the learning process. For example, natural language processing algorithms (Chowdhary, 2020 ) are often used to identify plagiarism and avoid transcribing in assignments submitted by students (Chong et al., 2010 ). Furthermore, E-learning platforms are used in different classroom models such as Flipped classroom and Virtual classroom.

Flipped classroom is an innovative educational method where tasks usually performed in the classroom, like presenting the lecture, are conducted at home, while homework is discussed and performed in class (Akçayır et al., 2018 ) whereas a Virtual classroom is defined as a new educational environment that allows students to attend courses online while also facilitating interaction and collaboration by using the artificial intelligence tools and abilities the platform offers (Rufai et al., 2015 ). Lo et al. ( 2017 ) believe that AI has great potential in the flipped classroom approach, because it may enable the personalization and adaptation of the learning process to the students’ needs. Shan and Liu ( 2021 ) suggest a model of Hybrid Teaching of Artificial Intelligence and Flipped Classroom, which combines big data, cloud and online applications to implement comprehensive and individualized learning.

All Screen refers to the ability to project multimedia including audio, photographs, and movies on many screens such as TVs and smartphones. Screen mirroring allows users to access and view the same image or video in two or more screens (Brudy et al., 2019 ). Screen mirroring is valuable since it might improve the connectivity among a cellphone and a different device, such as smart TVs (Ouyang & Zhou, 2019 ). Thus, touch gesture input, with virtual buttons on the screen, is a frequent technique for interacting with screens (Ouyang et al., 2021 ). There are several advantages that all screens may provide to a smart class. To begin with, only wireless screen mirroring makes the connection between instructors' and students' devices straightforward and reliable (Ellern & Buchanan, 2018 ). Furthermore, practical issues related to the use of projectors, such as connectivity issues, requirement for low-light conditions, and projector noise, are mitigated through the adoption of all screen technology (Sahlström et al., 2019 ).

Performance assessment

Student and educator performance assessment and feedback is a highly important education task. Although traditionally performance assessment/prediction has been a quite complex and time-question process, it has been extremely facilitated through automated assessment in a smart classroom (Balfour, 2013 ).

Smart student performance assessment/prediction

Student performance assessment aims on the one hand to inform the teacher about the degree to which students have learnt the content of the lesson and how well they are expected to perform in the future, and on the other, to grade students and provide feedback to them about their performance during the learning process (Saini & Goel, 2019 ). Traditionally, performance assessment was carried out in a paper or oral format. However, the aforementioned method has many disadvantages, since it is a time-consuming and tiring process, while it results to piles of wasted paper and writing material (Vimal & Kumbharana, 2016 ).

In a smart classroom dedicated tools can facilitate the performance assessment/prediction through the automation of the assessment. The easiest tool to assess students in a smart classroom is the employment of multiple-choice questions, which allow automated evaluation and feedback, with the aid of an online web server that compares students’ answers with the configured correct answer (Balfour, 2013 ). An important application of AI in student assessment is plagiarism checking, with Turnitin as a frequently used tool (Ahmed, 2015 ). Bhatia and Kaur ( 2021 ) add an innovative performance assessment/prediction tool based on quantum game theoretic (QGT) decision making. This tool incorporates IoT to gather information and data about students, which are evaluated over a computing platform, aiming to analyze performance and determine the academic enhancement of students. The above methods give the ability to teachers to offer continuous assessment to students, avoiding all the tedious work, while students receive feedback constantly.

Numerous machine learning techniques have been proposed for predicting student performance. Amra and Maghari ( 2017 ) propose a system giving predictions regarding the future performance of secondary students based on several attributes. They compared two distinct machine learning algorithms: K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) and the Naïve Bayes classifier by feeding them with educational data set of secondary schools, collected from the ministry of education in Gaza Strip. Waheed et al. ( 2020 ), propose a system to predict the students’ academic performance in a virtual learning environment. Their system used artificial neural networks to classify students in two classes: failure and success, receiving as input data of the assessment performance of 32,593 students provided from an open dataset. Authors made a comparison of the results using baseline methods: logistic regression, support vector machines and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). The ANN method had the best performance out of the tested models. Warschauer and Grimes ( 2008 ), propose the automatic assessment of writing essay assignments with the use of artificial intelligence, using interview data and observations notes as inputs. Students and teachers had positive approach (i.e., student motivation rising, proposing autonomous student activity, constituting a saver of time for teachers).

Educator performance assessment

Traditional assessment methods are usually based on the observation of teachers from experts during course time something that can be expensive, not accurate and usually the feedback provided is infrequent and is related to the performance and not on how teachers can enhance their techniques (Archer et al., 2016 ). To overcome this crucial impediment in teacher development, new technologies are used to produce high quality and meaningful, and continuous automatic feedback for the educators.

Bhatia and Kaur ( 2021 ) use IoT systems are used in classes to collect information regarding students and educators to identify their progress. For this purpose, they utilize a Bayesian model and the collected data are assessed through a fog-cloud computing device over time for both students’ and educators’ performance. Jensen et al. ( 2020 ) devised a method for teachers to effortlessly audiotape the conversations and lectures in a classroom. They utilized voice recognition and Machine Learning (ML) algorithms to provide generalized estimations of essential aspects of educator speech. Therefore, they state that actual instructor conversation can be captured and evaluated for automated feedback. Jensen et al. ( 2021 ) address the issue of designing a framework for automatic educator feedback, that necessitates several considerations about data harvesting processes, automatic assessment and the way feedback is displayed. For this purpose, they employ machine learning techniques, such as Random Forest classifiers, and use transfer learning techniques from BERT algorithm for NLP.

Impact of smart classroom

In this section, based on information derived from the literature, in combination with critical assessment, the impact of smart classroom on the learning process is analyzed while disadvantages of using key technologies related to smart classes and the impact of AI are also discussed.

The integration of AI systems that process data collected by Internet of Things (IoT) and other sensors, can help monitor the circumstances of the classroom, offering a safe and eco-friendly environment while they can also monitor students and inform teachers in the case of a student misconduct or potential accidents. AI algorithms can be used to optimize lighting and temperature in classrooms based on occupancy, ambient temperature, and other factors. All these tools and systems can contribute to the establishment of a better and safer learning environment. Furthermore, the interaction with the learning material offered by key technologies related to smart classes can help boost students’ learning, information may be retained more easily and self-efficiency may increase (León et al., 2016 ). The enhanced interactively offered in smart classes help students have an active role in the class delivery process rather than having a passive role that causes loss of concentration and interest. However, the use of technology for teaching and learning may be related to disconnectedness, which is usually expressed as feelings of separation from learning, the curriculum, the peers and the teachers and the learning devices. Disconnection of students may jeopardize the learning outcomes of students because it results in disengagement, decreased student ownership and absence of student agency. For this reason, teachers in smart classrooms should find ways to remove the barriers to meaningful student involvement and encourage their engagement with the school and the learning process (Blessinger & Wankel, 2013 ).

Lin et al. ( 2019 ) suggest that an adjustable smart system can assist students, improve the learning process and foster a considerable quantity of intellectual learners. Smart classrooms and emerging technologies may overcome the problems related to the provision of timely and individualized support to students, using smart applications that respond to students and provide automated feedback immediately, by comparing current and previous student performance and by motivating students (Vimal & Kumbharana, 2016 ). In addition, Smart classes support the provision of synchronous and asynchronous education while they support both teacher-led and student-centered activities (Beetham & Sharpe, 2013 ). Moreover, the above combination allows to enrich learning with the provision of extra material, improve and retain knowledge through the students’ longer interaction with the learning subject, the teachers and their peers. At the same time, the style of the traditional classroom that is offered on scheduled dates and time is retained, resulting to keeping students aware and alert. Having this in mind, and knowing the fact that many teachers are not familiar with technology, while some of them focus on the use of usual software such as Word, PowerPoint, etc., the teachers may face difficulties, or they may need technical support for the full utilization of the emerging and artificial intelligence tools. These teachers need appropriate education to support the successful implementation of a smart classroom with new technologies.

E-learning involves the use of the internet as a platform for educational activities, that can include three-dimensional environments or real-time virtual interactions between students and teachers. The e-learning environment is seen as a crucial tool for supporting conventional learning formats and is changing how higher education is provided. E-learning platforms have several benefits, including improving student-centered learning, helping students become more independent while educators take on innovative roles, encouraging educators to be more reflective and methodical in creating better e-learning resources, and ultimately giving students the skills to adapt to a constantly changing technology-driven environment. AI-powered personalization and adaptive learning can be used to adjust the pace and difficulty level of content for individual students. E-learning enables students to receive learning activities from educators at a distance, allows for larger classes, and makes it easier to identify and record behaviors and errors to improve learning activities. Even though face-to-face learning is better for daily discussions and contributes to an active environment (Valdez et al., 2015 ), this generation of adolescents dislikes traditional classroom education. Although they like to learn at their own pace, they are curious. Because of their addiction to technology, they rely increasingly on online teaching and learning resources. Through collaborative learning, they enjoy sharing their knowledge with their peers and benefiting from the strengths of their competitors (Agarwal et al., 2019 ).

Virtual spaces in a smart classroom resemble real places allowing students to have an immersive experience and create real memories. Moreover, seeing, ‘touching’ and hearing involve more senses in the learning process and link the learning subjects in multiple ways. Therefore, enriched presentation of the learning material and better visualization, which resembles reality and involves more senses, enhances students’ experience and learning becomes sustainable (Lui & Slotta, 2014 ). Furthermore, the student’s motivation is triggered, situated scaffolding is provided and learning is connected with the student’s everyday life (Bower et al., 2014 ) through an experiential learning process. AI can be used to create more immersive and interactive learning experiences by tracking student movements and adjusting the virtual environment accordingly. Since a smart classroom is equipped with contemporary visualization technologies, which include interactive whiteboards, projectors, all-screen technology, virtual/augmented reality headsets, cameras, and sensors, students can better visualize the content they are taught, enhancing in that way the learning experience. In a smart classroom, students may be immersed in online virtual environments using headsets; as a result, distractions are removed, and the student’s attention is captured. Furthermore, perspective-changing in virtual reality visualizations allows students to become actors rather than just observers, transforming the learning process into a highly experiential experience (Krüger et al., 2019 ).

Computer vision based surveillance

Smart classrooms provide real-time video analysis to educators that want to recognize the behavioural participation and behavioural disaffection of their students (Michalsky, 2021 ). AI-enabled cameras can be used to monitor the classroom for safety and security, as well as to track student attendance and participation . The employment of smart tools and applications, such as cameras, plagiarism checking, and recording, combined with the continuous gathering of data, allows teachers to control student attendance and supervise them both in class and during online assessments (Saini & Goel, 2019 ).

A challenge concerning the use of advanced technological systems is bias in AI. More specifically, there is a concern regarding how fair can AI systems be to every single student despite the personal attributes of a student (i.e., race and gender) (Li et al., 2021 ). Groups that face discrimination in the community of technology, like female students, might face more severe inequalities if the creation of AI systems doesn’t consider how to mitigate such biases. Technologically advanced key technologies related to smart classes incorporating AI capabilities are threatened by security and privacy issues because they store and process data that contain personal and sensitive information that may be exposed to potential invaders (Manca et al., 2016 ). Furthermore, sensors used in classes (i.e. camera sensors or microphones) often used as part of smart-class technological tools, are associated with privacy issues.

One of the greatest challenges in introducing key technologies related to smart classes in schools is the overall cost of equipment required for a comprehensive smart-class deployment is high (Saini & Goel, 2019 ), preventing in that way the widespread use of smart-class technologies. Bearing in mind that the cost does not refer only to the equipment purchase and initial installation, but also to the continuous upgrade and maintenance, the use of smart class technology involves significant running expenses. Also, because all components of a smart class are somehow disconnected from each other, it is not seamless to integrate all technologies under a common framework, and as a result, the task of setting up the equipment can be a lengthy and time-consuming procedure.

Learning about computers, electronics, mechanical engineering, and languages may be interesting thanks to robots. It has been demonstrated that when language acquisition was facilitated by a robot as opposed to audiotapes and books, young children did better on post-learning assessments and displayed greater enthusiasm (Mubin et al., 2013 ). AI can be used to control and program educational robots that can interact with students and enhance their learning experience. The teacher in smart classroom takes on the role of a facilitator if the robot is the focal point of the learning activity (i.e., used as a teaching tool, as in the case of teaching about robotics). If the robot plays a passive role, the teacher must provide fundamental knowledge (e.g., by using the robot in language classes). In such cases, robotics curriculum implementation and teacher training are crucial. Looking ahead, it is evident that more has to be done to secure teacher support before robots can be completely included into our schools. Teachers were rated less favorably than parents and children in a survey regarding school robots. Teachers need to be reassured that the objective is not to replace them with robots but to give them a teaching tool or aid that can enhance the educational process and inspire students.

AI in smart classes: A SWOT analysis

Based on the analysis presented in the previous subsections, the advantages of using AI and emerging technologies may also involve risks that may jeopardise the learning efficiency and experience. In this subsection a SWOT analysis of using AI in smart classes is presented as a means of summarizing the potential of using AI in smart classes, along with possible drawbacks. These observations are presented in a SWOT analysis presented in Table 7 .

Discussion-future directions

In this section we outline the main issues in the dimensions of technology infrastructure, personnel, and data handling that need to be addressed by the research community in order to maximize the impact of AI in enhancing smart classes.

Technology infrastructure

To enhance the capabilities of a smart classroom it is necessary to integrate all technologies, hence a combination of emerging technologies and AI is essential. A central AI system that can manage the use of different technologies, suggest optimum ways of integrating each technology in specific classes, and provide a comprehensive evaluation of students and the educational process will be a highly desirable feature of future smart classes.

Since the teaching process is a highly dynamic process where educators need to adapt to the changes in student attitudes and overall class requirements, it is important to deploy AI-based systems that continuously monitor the student requirements and adjust to respond to all changes. While this can take the form of reinforcement learning (Liu et al., 2018 ) dedicated techniques for AI systems that deal with in-class scenarios, need to be devised.

The integration of special technical equipment is usually an issue due to the expensive cost. As a result, it is critical to adopt new low-cost technical equipment that students may use anywhere, at any time. Experts should develop techniques and technologies that can run on personal equipment rather than dedicated machines, for example using smart phones or low-end personal computers. When it comes to AI-based systems that need to be re-trained continuously, efficient training methods that allow the training process to be completed using ordinary computer systems, need to be employed, so that costs associated with the purchase of dedicated equipment or the purchase of computational time, are decreased.

The need to adopt in practice appropriate teacher training programs regarding the use of technology in education has become urgent. Apart from training for using emerging technologies, educators should also receive adequate training for AI related issues, so that they learn how to harness the power of AI systems for the benefit of the education process. Thus, it is imperative that dedicated AI courses for educators are created, so that smart class teachers are well aware of the potential and risks of using AI empowered emerging technologies. Furthermore, dedicated user-friendly tools that will allow educators to train and use Machine Learning modules should be developed.

Classroom overlays for teachers that incorporate grades, special arrangements, and medical and social information are probably among the educational applications of the future. As technology advances, it will be able to alert teachers to students' learning needs and behavioral issues in real-time and provide solutions. Teachers are sometimes untrained to handle the technical challenges that may occur when a device does not function as planned. As a result, for teachers to succeed, there may be a significant amount of assistance required. To prevent the design of learning from being largely the responsibility of computer scientists who have a limited understanding of successful pedagogy, it is essential that educators learn how to integrate technology into their teaching (Krüger et al., 2019 ). With the recognition that students' abilities can be impacted by their cognitive, motor, and spatial capabilities, technology also makes it easier for teachers to teach content and learning objectives. Students can become more actively involved in the learning process as they develop their motivation and foundational knowledge (Liono et al., 2021 ).

Empathy is the ability to recognize somebody's emotional reactions and motives, care for them and their sentiments (Srinivasan & González, 2022 ). It is vital to develop specialized AI systems that take into consideration the unique characteristics of each student, through an empathetic nature. The topic of producing “empathetic” AI systems can open up several research directions.

Data handling

One of the most crucial issues of the future of smart classes is ethics in the use of data in AI systems (Borenstein & Howard, 2021 ). It is vital to address the way data are collected and used by those systems in order to avoid the violation of privacy. Regulations regarding the collection of data must be established and adopted by the scientific community. Data can also be encrypted and anonymised, so in case a hack occurs it won’t be feasible to find correlations between provided data and individuals. Within this scope, new methods that guarantee data security, but at the same time allows the access to the necessary information by different stakeholders, within a smart-class needs to be developed.

Bias in AI is an issue that needs be addressed while using advanced technological systems. More precisely, there is worry about how fair AI systems can be to all students, regardless the attributes of each student such as ability level, race, religion, appearance, or gender (Li et al., 2021 ). Developers must consider all the biases that may rise due to their personal beliefs and eliminate them. In this way, any form of discrimination towards minorities will be alleviated and students will be able to attend education and receive fair feedback compared to their peers. Furthermore, since supervised AI systems often rely on annotated data, techniques that ensure that any form of bias in the annotation process is eliminated, so that the resulting AI systems are not subjected to any kind of discrimination. AI systems should include machine learning techniques with explainable AI to analyze the educational factors that lead to more fair and effective decision making for students since the ML-based black box model is more understandable to educators (Guleria & Sood, 2022 ).

Using data collection, user profiling, and adaptive learning can be useful in creating a more personalized and effective learning experience, and artificial intelligence can play a role in supporting these efforts. However, it is important to carefully consider the ethical implications of collecting and using data, and to ensure that students' privacy is protected. The use of AI in education can also raise questions about the role of technology in learning and the potential for it to replace human teachers. While AI can certainly be a useful tool for supporting and enhancing education, it is important to consider the limitations of technology and the value of human interaction and guidance in the learning process. Overall, it is necessary to carefully evaluate the potential benefits and risks of using AI and other technology in education, and to strike a balance between the use of technology and more traditional teaching methods.

Conclusions

A range of AI-assisted emerging technologies, that include technologies related to class management, teaching aids and performance assessment have been presented. For each smart class technology presented the role of AI was discussed, allowing the in that way the determination of the role of AI in smart classes. Furthermore, through the analysis of advantages and disadvantages of smart classes, along with a SWOT analysis, the prospects, and trends related to the use of AI on smart classes have been discussed, allowing in that way the definition of several future research directions. The future directions presented can provide motivation to the AI, and educational technology research communities to engage in research activities that aim to deal with the identified challenges. Since the new era of technological advancement and the proliferation of digital devices and applications that are routinely used in everyday life has been integrated in education, there is a continuous need to invest in improving the services offered to students and the further development of AI-based smart classes definitely leads those efforts in the right direction.

Since the concept of smart-classes is continuously enriched through the introduction of requirements and new technologies, in the future we plan to monitor this area and produce updated surveys to reflect future developments and conduct investigations in the area of intelligent learning environment. In addition, in the future we plan to provide specific comparative evaluations of different technologies, so that to quantify the effect of existing technologies and highlight the need for future improvements.

https://www.aurasma.com .

https://www.layar.com/ .

http://www.augment.com/es/ .

http://www.aumentaty.com/ .

Abbreviations

ARTIFICIAL intelligence

Artificial intelligence in education

Artificial neural networks

Augmented reality

Cave automatic virtual environment

Head-mounted displays

Internet of things

Machine learning

Mixed reality

Virtual reality

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Acknowledgements

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant Agreement No 739578 and the Government of the Republic of Cyprus through the Directorate General for European Programmes, Coordination and Development.

This project has received partial funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant Agreement No 739578 and the Government of the Republic of Cyprus through the Directorate General for European Programmes, Coordination and Development.

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Dimitriadou, E., Lanitis, A. A critical evaluation, challenges, and future perspectives of using artificial intelligence and emerging technologies in smart classrooms. Smart Learn. Environ. 10 , 12 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-023-00231-3

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• Educational technology
• Artificial intelligence
• Emerging technologies
• Smart classroom

What is Smart Class? Advantages & Disadvantages

A Smart Class is edtech-upgraded classroom that cultivate education by opening doors to digital teaching and learning methods for both the teachers and the students by coordinating latest advancements in technology with academics. The objectives of such classrooms are to invoke interest in education among the student by introducing them to real-time e-learning with help of audios and videos, multimedia, images, online web conferences, PPT presentations, 2D & 3D animations, etc.

Smart class technology ensures the education reaches every student with different level of understanding equally. Moreover, implementing this kind of classroom education enhances student-teacher interaction and collaboration. A digital board is the most common example of smart equipment usually implemented in educational institutions, especially in schools, to teach with videos, presentations, etc. It acts as a large white tablet replacing the traditional backboard with a touch screen and the chalk with a smart pen, which educators use to write on the white board.

Unlike Virtual classroom , smart classes tend to concentrate more on in-classroom teaching and learning techniques. Additionally, coordinating this education technology with the internet provide students the opportunities of web-based online learning with computers and smart gadgets as well as sophisticate the instructors with innovative teaching tools to teach virtually with interactive programs.

Advantages of Smart Classes

• Improves student-teacher interaction and communication
• Real-time blended teaching and learning
• Gives students a better understanding of concepts
• Introduces students and instructors to education technology
• Improves visualization and creativity
• Provides students a better in-classroom experience
• Encourages e-learning and Virtual Classroom
• Improves academic performance of students thereby enhancing their mental and physical development
• Online web-based learning
• Student tend to learn at their own phase
• Easy-to-use and accessibility

Disadvantages of Smart Classes

• Creating presentations, videos and programs are difficult
• Expensive and complex to implement
• High maintenance costs
• Devices such as computers, digital boards, etc. are fragile and not easy to operate
• Highly dependent on electricity
• Requires proper network connectivity such as LAN, WAN, Internet, etc.

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How technological innovations in smart classes will drive the future of education, step into the future of education with the power of smart classes – where innovation meets inspiration, and technology shapes tomorrow..

Government’s Efforts to bridge the digital divide in the education sector across India

But, what are these ict labs and smart classroom that the government is referring to, what is smart class – a world beyond textbooks, why do we need smart classes, how were smart classrooms typically set up in government schools.

• A white screen.
• The projector which is either mounted on a ceiling or on the screen itself
• Processor with a keyboard and a mouse
• Sound System
• Bunch of wires to interconnect all the hardware elements mentioned above

Challenges of Traditional Smart Class Setup in Government Schools

Need for finer innovation in smart class hardware to drive its regular usage, introducing iprep digital class, an easy to use and manage smart class setup.

Benefits of a Single Unit Smart Class Setup in our Government Schools

• iPrep Digital Class is easy to set up single unit hardware . It does not require any infrastructural changes in any space as it can be set up on any wall with the help of one stand and 4 screws. It is a feasible digital teaching solution that can enhance the infrastructure of any government school. 
• iPrep Digital Class is nothing alien and requires no specific care to maintain. To access this, teachers just need to switch it on, navigate content through the remote, and switch it off with one power button.
• With Pendrive plugged in, iPrep Digital Class works completely offline, removing dependence on the internet. 

How Innovation in Content and Content Delivery can Further Drive the Regular Usage of iPrep Digital Class

Local language:, align with boards:, easy navigation of category:, are smart classes the future of education style.

Ayushi Agarwal

Ayushi Agarwal is an Assistant Manager - Marketing & Content Writing at iDream Education. For 6+ years, she has been writing to create an impact through her powerful content on humanity, equality, and many more issues that have been a key part of today’s world.

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38 Examples of SMART Goals for Students

The SMART Goals framework, also written as S.M.A.R.T Goals or SMART Objectives, is a template for setting specific, measurable, attainable, relevant, and time-based goals.

While originally used in leadership and corporate management, the framework is now extensively used in education to help students to set personal and academic goals for themselves.

The following examples of SMART goals for students show how students can set achievable goals by following the five elements of the framework.

SMART Goals Example

For the SMART framework, a student should set one goal that meets five clear criteria. The goal should be:

• Specific – Be clear about exactly what the goal is and what will be done to achieve it. Consider giving details about what, when, where, why, and how.
• Measurable – Make sure you have a way to assess whether you have achieved your goal.
• Attainable – State how you believe reaching the goal is within your power.
• Relevant – State how the goal will help you to meet your overall goals as a student.
• Time-Based – You need to set a time by which you will complete your goal to keep yourself accountable.

SMART Goals Template for Students

The student should write down their goal in a quote above the table then enter an explanation of how their goal is specific, measurable, attainable, relevant, and time-based.

Get the Google Docs Template Here

Goal: Write your goal above the table. Carefully think about your goal and fill out the sentence with details that will ensure that it is S.M.A.R.T.

SMART Goals for Students

1. get an a in my next essay.

“I will get an A in my current essay in my Psychology class.”

2. Improve my Research Skills

“I will improve my research skills by using library resources and taking notes from the recommended readings for my course. I will do this every Friday afternoon for 3 weeks. I will aim for a subjective statement on my end-of-semester feedback about my research skills.”

3. Type at 60 Words per Minute

“I will learn to type at 60 words per minute within two months.”

4. Study 5 Days a Week for 5 Weeks

“I will study for my math class for one hour each afternoon Monday to Friday for 5 weeks.”

5. Improve my Productivity

“I will improve my productivity by using a Pomodoro timer when studying and closing all other tabs on my computer. I will do this every time I study for 2 months.”

6. Improve my Focus

“I will improve my focus during class this term by leaving my phone in my bag, sitting alone instead of with friends, and ensuring I turn up well-hydrated and rested.”

7. Memorize 100 flashcards within 3 weeks

“I will create a deck of 100 flashcards related to my Spanish course and memorize all 100 flashcards within 3 weeks by spending 20 minutes per day on the task.”

8. Complete my Assigned Book for Class

“I will finish reading the book that has been assigned by my teacher within 5 weeks.”

9. Obtain the Confidence to Give a Public Speech

“I will obtain the confidence to give a public speech by practicing speaking from note cards in front of a mirror and friends for the next 3 weeks.”

10. Re-Submit my Essay for a Higher Grade

“I will use the feedback provided on my essay to re-submit for a higher grade within the 2-week timeframe I have been given by my teacher.”

11. Follow a Study Calendar for the Next 5 Weeks

“I will use a study calendar that states when and what I should study. I will do this for 5 days a week for 5 weeks.”

12. Borrow One Book per Month from the Library

“I will borrow one book per month from the library for six months and read it fully in order to deepen my knowledge of sociology for my sociology class.”

13. Complete my Assignments 2 Weeks Before Due Date

“I will complete all assignments 2 weeks before the due dates so I have 2 weeks of free time to edit the work without stress.”

14. Maintain a Study Journal for 15 Weeks

“I will keep a daily study journal Monday to Friday for 15 weeks that will record what I studied, notes on key things I need to revise, and how long I studied. This will help me reflect on my improvement over time.”

15. Minimize Study Stress

“I will minimize the amount of stress I’m experiencing by exercising an hour a day, only studying for a maximum of one hour per day, and meditating for 15 minutes after each study session. I will do this for 5 weeks.”

SMART Goals Examples for High School Students

16. apply for five colleges.

“I will apply for five colleges within 3 months.”

17. Go to Four University Open Days

“I will go to four university open days within the next 2 months to learn more about the universities and see which one I would prefer.”

18. Study for an Hour Before Class Daily

“I will study for one hour between 8 am and 9 am daily before class Monday to Friday. I will study for the class that I will be sitting that day and keep a journal of progress.”

19. Maintain a Regular Sleep Routine

“I will sleep for 9 hours a day by making sure I get into bed by 10 pm every night and set an alarm for 7 am each morning. This will keep me fresh for classes.”

20. Research Five Potential Career Options

“I will spend 3 hours every Thursday night researching a potential career option for 5 weeks straight. At the end of the 5th week, I will rank all the career options based on my research.”

21. Have Three Meetings with my Careers Advisor 

“I will book in three meetings with my careers advisor over the next six months to check in and re-evaluate my thoughts about what I want to do after I finish high school.”

SMART Goals Examples for University Students

22. decide upon a major for my degree.

“I will lock in a major with my advisor by the end of the month and select the appropriate courses for next semester.”

23. Meet Each Instructor in Open Office Hours Once per Semester

“I will meet each of my instructors during their open office hours on Week 8 of the semester to go over my essay drafts.”

24. Meet with my Advisor for Feedback on my Progress 3 Times per Year

“I will meet with my advisor to check in on my progress in my degree 3 times this year. I will meet her in March, July, and September.”

25. Attend One Library Skills Seminar per Month

“I will attend one library skills seminar per month until I have attended all the training sessions they have on offer. This should take 6 months and help me incrementally develop my academic skills.”

26. Meet with my Study Group Weekly All Semester

“I will meet with my study group at 2.30 pm every Tuesday in the library for one hour to compare notes about our studies. We will also meet to check each other’s drafts during this period when necessary.”

27. Complete All Homework Tasks by Wednesday each Week

“I will complete my homework tasks by Wednesday each week this semester. To do this, I will remain at the university library on Tuesdays from 12 noon onwards.”

28. Turn up to Class on Time

“I will turn up to class five minutes before class begins for the entire semester in order to change my habit of being late. To make this happen, I will take the 8.05 am bus each morning.”

29. Apply for Five Summer Internships

“I will apply for five summer internships by the end of next week.”

See more SMART internship goals here.

30. Apply for Five Part-Time Jobs in my Career Field

“I will apply for five part-time jobs in my career field by the end of next week.”

31. Write 400 Words per Day for my Essay

“I will write 400 words per day for 5 days to get my first draft of my essay complete.”

SMART Goals Examples for Online Students

32. post five forum responses per week.

“I will log into my online course between 4 pm and 5 pm each weekday to read a forum task and post a 100-word response on the discussion board. I will continue this for the rest of the semester.”

33. Re-watch my Online Lectures and Take Notes for my Essay

“I will re-watch the eight one-hour online lectures for my course. I will watch one per day between 9 am and 10 am and take notes daily on anything relevant to the essay I’m writing.”

34. Reply to Three other People’s Forum Comments per Week

“I will reply to three forum comments on my online discussion board per week for the next three weeks in order to engage with other students in my class.”

SMART Goals Examples for International and Exchange Students

35. speak only in spanish for a whole day.

“I will speak only in Spanish for the whole day during my exchange at Barcelona University.”

See a Full List of Communication Goals Here

36. Apply for an Exchange Scholarship by May 1st

“I will apply for an exchange scholarship to get funding to go to Barcelona for a semester. This application will be a 1000 word essay and completed by May 1st.”

37. Join a Cultural Club at my new Unviersity

“I will join one cultural club at my university by the end of the social club sign-up day tomorrow.”

38. Apply for a Work Visa for after I Graduate so I can Stay Here

“My goal is to apply for a work visa by 5 pm on the 30th of December so I can stay in the country after I have completed my degree.”

The SMART framework is valuable when setting educational goals because it helps you to articulate exactly what your goal is. The five criteria within the framework will force students to set goals that can be clearly explained and are achievable. By setting SMART goals, students can see greater levels of success whether it’s short-term goals or long-term goals and have a clearer idea about what they need to do to meet their goals.

Chris Drew (PhD)

Dr. Chris Drew is the founder of the Helpful Professor. He holds a PhD in education and has published over 20 articles in scholarly journals. He is the former editor of the Journal of Learning Development in Higher Education. [Image Descriptor: Photo of Chris]

• Chris Drew (PhD) https://helpfulprofessor.com/author/chris-drew-phd/ 5 Top Tips for Succeeding at University
• Chris Drew (PhD) https://helpfulprofessor.com/author/chris-drew-phd/ 50 Durable Goods Examples
• Chris Drew (PhD) https://helpfulprofessor.com/author/chris-drew-phd/ 100 Consumer Goods Examples
• Chris Drew (PhD) https://helpfulprofessor.com/author/chris-drew-phd/ 30 Globalization Pros and Cons

5 thoughts on “38 Examples of SMART Goals for Students”

I have tried it before but soon forgot about it, which means I have made my calendar or schedule with a goal on top and worked toward it, and then I forgot to do it again for my next semester’s class. but it does not hurt trying again one more time.

This method is useful and essential. That why I have been using it since high school.

This method is very significant in my study I have been using it.

This method is essential and productive, i still use it even today to achieve my goals.

One of the best online learning articles I have come across. Rarely give comments at over 69yrs and a lot working in education. But you are clear, and straight to the point. Good job! Recommended.

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Smart Classes and Their Importance in Education – Learn at Vidhyashram

When we hear the word ‘classroom’, the first things we think about are teachers, blackboards, chalk, and duster. But today, technology has surpassed our imagination of the classroom. 

During the pandemic, we have seen a noticeable increase in educational standards, advancements, and innovations in the field of education. Schools and other educational institutions have adopted modern teaching methods through virtual whiteboards, projectors, and other audio/visual components. All these elements of a smart class make learning fun and interesting for the students and enable teachers to teach effectively. 

Advantages of Smart Classroom 

Here is a list of some major benefits of using smart classroom technology:

Enhanced Learning Experience

A digital smart classroom provides enhanced teaching and learning experience. At Vidhyashram International School , we try to make lessons come alive through smart classes (Next Education Pvt Ltd), providing audio-visual exposure to the students. We use the TeachNext tool to illustrate the information using photos, graphs, maps, flowcharts, and animated videos. This makes learning more exciting and easy to understand. Learning through visuals helps the students to learn and memorize the topic for a prolonged period of time.

Interactive Learning Experience

Vidhyashram uses a Moodle Management System, which eases the process of learning. 

• It helps the teachers engage students with media and explain each part of the lesson with some special effects and graphic presentations. 
• It facilitates easy communication with students via messaging, forums, and mobile notifications. 
• It helps to create a quick FAQ session between teachers and students where students can clear their doubts.
• Teachers can monitor the students’ progress and motivate them with digital rewards.

Easy Access to Online Resources 

We all know that smart classes are synchronized with computers and the internet, enabling easy access to online resources. Teachers can explain any topic on a practical basis, and students can download and watch already recorded videos to clear their doubts. To make this process easier and enhance the teaching-learning experience, Vidhyashram uses Google for Education. 

• We use Google Meet to help the teachers conduct classes and easily converse via videos.
• Google Classroom is used to watch the recorded videos, distribute assignments, and provide feedback in the grading tool. 
• myCBSEguide platform is used by students for video lessons, online tests, chapter-wise textbook solutions, sample papers, and test papers.

Time Saving Technology

Students are habitual in writing notes in the class, which tends to divert their attention from learning. But with the help of the smart class, notes and presentations can be shared directly with the students. Various tools can also help teachers distribute assignments, provide feedback, and involve in discussions. 

Eco Friendly

Smart classrooms utilize smart gadgets for learning and teaching, which partially eliminates the use of paper, pen, ink, pencils, etc. The lectures are delivered digitally, and everything is available online; hence there is no need for writing and printing information. We can say, this is one of the major benefits of smart classes to keep nature healthy and green. 

Increased Productivity

Smart classes help in developing interest among students and avoid boredom. The use of smart technology in the class attracts students’ attention by displaying animated media, such as videos, pictures, and audio which creates better learning outcomes. It not only enhances the aesthetics of teaching but also helps students visualize concepts in their minds, making learning easier. 

Highly Effective

According to Psychologists, visual learning using smart technology elements like images, graphs, flow charts, videos, etc., are considered highly effective and help students grasp the concepts quickly. Smart classrooms also reduce distractions, and therefore, students can concentrate more and retain more information. 

Motivate Students

A smart classroom uses smart class equipment like a digital board, projectors, computers, LED, etc., for imparting quality education. The audio/visuals displayed through the equipment are intriguing for students and helps build interest in them. It also works in sharpening the creative imagination of students. For instance, in a smart class, when a student sees a seed turn into a plant, he gets an idea of how to draw a plant with all its details. 

The Final Word

As discussed above, smart classroom technology is a boon for the education system. It boosts the confidence of the students and encourages them to think beyond their imagination. Vidhyashram has adopted the smart class technology long before; as we know, students of today are the futures of tomorrow, and it is only right that we invest in a better tomorrow. 

Also read – Education Transformation: Online schooling as a new standard in education

In Conversation with Ananya Sharma – Alumni of 2012

• 10 Apr, 2021

NCC Award Ceremony at Vidhyashram International School

• 6 Apr, 2021

In Conversation with – Shubham Sharma – Alumni of 2012

• 3 Apr, 2021

Co-Curricular Activities in Vidhyashram

• 20 Mar, 2021

Teaching Pattern in Vidhyashram: Teaching to make learning fun!

• 17 Mar, 2021

What has made Vidhyashram the Best School in Jodhpur?

• 12 Mar, 2021

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Work Life is Atlassian’s flagship publication dedicated to unleashing the potential of every team through real-life advice, inspiring stories, and thoughtful perspectives from leaders around the world.

Contributing Writer

Work Futurist

Senior Quantitative Researcher, People Insights

Principal Writer

How to write SMART goals

It’s easier to succeed when you have clearly defined objectives that are based in reality.

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5-second summary

• Teams often fall short of meeting their goals due to a lack of consensus on the definition of success.
• SMART goals use a specific set of criteria to help ensure that objectives are clearly defined and attainable within a certain timeframe.
• Working through each step of creating a SMART goal can reveal instances where priorities and resources are out of alignment.

Meet Jane. She’s a product manager at a mid-sized tech company – let’s call it Techfirm, Inc. Jane has been tasked with increasing usage of Techfirm’s mobile app.

She knows she’ll need all hands on deck to make this happen, but when Jane has set team-wide goals in the past, they’ve quickly fallen off track. Nobody seemed to have a clear understanding of what success should look like; progress wasn’t monitored closely enough, and inevitably, that important objective slipped to the back burner (before toppling off the stove entirely).

That’s why, this time around, Jane plans to leverage SMART goals for setting an action plan and staying the course.

Want to get started right now?

Use our template to define the different components of your SMART goal.

What are SMART goals?

The SMART in SMART goals stands for Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-Bound.

Defining these parameters as they pertain to your goal helps ensure that your objectives are attainable within a certain time frame. This approach eliminates generalities and guesswork, sets a clear timeline, and makes it easier to track progress and identify missed milestones.

An example of a SMART-goal statement might look like this: Our goal is to [quantifiable objective] by [timeframe or deadline]. [Key players or teams] will accomplish this goal by [what steps you’ll take to achieve the goal]. Accomplishing this goal will [result or benefit].

Let’s use Jane’s objective to work through each component.

S: Specific

In order for a goal to be effective, it needs to be specific. A specific goal answers questions like:

• What needs to be accomplished?
• Who’s responsible for it?
• What steps need to be taken to achieve it?

Thinking through these questions helps get to the heart of what you’re aiming for. Here’s an example of a specific goal Jane might come up with:

Grow the number of monthly users of Techfirm’s mobile app by optimizing our app-store listing and creating targeted social media campaigns.

M: Measurable

Don’t underestimate the outsized impact of short-term goals

Specificity is a solid start, but quantifying your goals (that is, making sure they’re measurable) makes it easier to track progress and know when you’ve reached the finish line.

Jane and her product team want to grow the number of their mobile app users – but by how much? If they get even one new signup, that’s technically positive growth – so does that mean they’re done? Same goes for their strategy – how many platforms will they advertise on? 

To make this SMART objective more impactful, Jane should incorporate measurable, trackable benchmarks.

Increase the number of monthly users of Techfirm’s mobile app by 1,000 by optimizing our app-store listing and creating targeted social media campaigns for four social media platforms: Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and LinkedIn.

A: Achievable

This is the point in the process when you give yourself a serious reality check. Goals should be realistic –  not  pedestals from which you inevitably tumble. Ask yourself: is your objective something your team can reasonably accomplish?

Jane might look at her goal and realize that, given her small team and their heavy workload, creating ad campaigns for four social platforms might be biting off more than they can chew. She decides to scale back to the three social networks where she’s most likely to find new clients.

Increase the number of monthly users of Techfirm’s mobile app by 1,000 by optimizing our app-store listing and creating targeted social media campaigns for three social media platforms: Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram.

Safeguarding the achievability of your goal is much easier when you’re the one setting it. However, that’s not always the case. When goals are handed down from elsewhere, make sure to communicate any restraints you may be working under. Even if you can’t shift the end goal, at least you can make your position (and any potential roadblocks) known up-front.

R: Relevant

Here’s where you need to think about the big picture. Why are you setting the goal that you’re setting? Jane knows that the app is a huge driver of customer loyalty, and that an uptick in their app usage could mean big things for the company’s bottom-line revenue goals. Now she revises her statement to reflect that context.

Grow the number of monthly users of Techfirm’s mobile app by 1,000 by optimizing our app-store listing and creating targeted social media campaigns for three social media platforms: Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. Because mobile users tend to use our product longer, growing our app usage will ultimately increase profitability.

T: Time-bound

To properly measure success, you and your team need to be on the same page about when a goal has been reached. What’s your time horizon? When will the team start creating and implementing the tasks they’ve identified? When will they finish?

SMART goals should have time-related parameters built in, so everybody knows how to stay on track within a designated time frame.

When Jane incorporates those dates, her SMART goal is complete.

Grow the number of monthly users of Techfirm’s mobile app by 1,000 within Q1 of 2022. This will be accomplished by optimizing our app-store listing and creating targeted social media campaigns, which will begin running in February 2022, on three social media platforms: Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. Since mobile is our primary point of conversion for paid-customer signups, growing our app usage will ultimately increase sales.

Knowing how to set goals using the SMART framework can help you succeed in setting and attaining goals, no matter how large or small.

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12 ways to use smart boards for classrooms.

Read More:  What is a Smartboard? 9 Benefits Of Smart Boards For Classroom

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• 3 Year on-site warranty 
• No ongoing maintenance
• Long screen life - 50,000 Hours
• Built-in K-12 smart class content
• Lag-free and natural writing experience
• Dual OS: Win 11 & Android- Free to switch
• Interactive Whiteboard
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• Real Life Videos and Science Experiments
• Easily Switch Between Offline and Online Content Mode
• Diagrams, Mapwork, History Timelines & Toppers Answers
• HOTs, Previous Year Question Papers & Formulae Master   

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Smart boards enhance classroom learning by providing interactive experiences, visual aids, and dynamic presentations. They facilitate engagement, collaboration, and active participation among students. Additionally, they offer multimedia integration, accessibility features, and instant feedback, fostering a more dynamic and effective learning environment.

Smart boards in the classroom serve as interactive digital displays that enable teachers to present lessons dynamically. They engage students through multimedia, facilitate collaboration, provide access to educational resources, and offer interactive learning experiences, enhancing overall teaching effectiveness.

Smart Boards are relatively easy to use, but they require some training to use all the features effectively.

Smart boards cannot entirely replace traditional teaching methods, but they can enhance them by providing an interactive and dynamic platform for teaching and learning.

• August,25 2023
• Shivanshi Srivastava

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Smartphone Essay

500 words essay on smartphone.

Smartphones have become a very important form of communication these days. It is impossible for a rational person to deny the advantages of smartphones as they are devices suitable for a wide variety of tasks. Let us try to understand smartphones along with their benefits with this smartphone essay.

                                                                                                                                    Smartphone Essay

Understanding the Smartphone

A smartphone is a mobile device that facilitates the combination of cellular and mobile computing functions into one single unit. Moreover, smartphones have stronger hardware capabilities and extensive mobile operating systems in comparison to feature phones.

The strong operating systems of smartphones make possible multimedia functionality, wider software, and the internet including web browsing. They also support core phone functions like text messaging and voice calls.

There are a number of metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) integrated circuit (IC) chips within a smartphone. Moreover, such chips include various sensors whose leveraging is possible by their software.

The marketing of early smartphones was primarily towards the enterprise market. Furthermore, the attempt of the smartphone manufacturers was to bridge the functionality of standalone personal digital assistant (PDA) devices along with support for cellular telephony. However, the early smartphones had problems of slow analogue cellular network, short battery life, and bulky size.

With the passage of time, experts were able to resolve these issues. Furthermore, this became possible with faster digital mobile data networks, miniaturization of MOS transistors down to sub-micron levels, and exponential scaling. Moreover, the development of more mature software platforms led to enhancement in the capability of smartphones.

Benefits of Smartphone

People can make use of smartphones to access the internet and find out information regarding almost anything. Furthermore, due to the portability of a smartphone, people can access the internet from any location, even while travelling.

Smartphones have greatly increased the rate of work. This is possible because smartphones facilitate a highly efficient and quick form of communication from anywhere. For example, a person can participate in an official business meeting, without wasting time, from the comfort of his home via a live video chat application of a smartphone.

Smartphones can also be of tremendous benefit to students in general. Furthermore, students can quickly resolve any issue related to studies by accessing the internet , using a calculator, reading a pdf file, or contacting a teacher. Most noteworthy, all of this is possible due to the smartphone.

People can get in touch with the larger global community by communicating and sharing their views via social media. Furthermore, this provides a suitable platform to express their views, conduct business with online transactions , or find new people or jobs. One can do all that from anywhere, thanks to the smartphone.

These were just a few benefits of smartphones. Overall, the total benefits of a smartphone are just too many to enumerate here. Most importantly, smartphones have made our lives more efficient as well as comfortable.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

Conclusion of Smartphone Essay

Smartphones have proven to be a revolution for human society. Furthermore, they have made the whole world united like never before. In spite of its demerits, there is no doubt that the smartphone is a tremendous blessing to mankind and it will continue to play a major role in its development.

FAQs For Smartphone Essay

Question 1: How is a smartphone different from a feature phone?

Answer 1: Smartphones have stronger hardware capabilities and extensive mobile operating systems when compared to feature phones. Furthermore, the smartphone can perform almost all computing functions that a feature phone can’t. The internet and camera capabilities of a feature phone are nowhere near as powerful as that of a smartphone.

Question 2: What is meant by a smartphone?

Answer 2: A smartphone refers to a handheld electronic device that facilitates a connection to a cellular network. Furthermore, smartphones let people access the internet, make phone calls, send text messages, along with a wide variety of functions that one can perform on a pc or a laptop. Overall, it is a fully functioning miniaturized computer.

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