help infinitive or gerund

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TO-infinitive or gerund: MEAN, HELP

Mean and help can be followed by either a gerund or a to -infinitive but with different meanings:

In those days, being a student meant spending long hours in the library. (In those days if you were a student, it meant that you spent long hours in the library.) I didn't mean to hurt your feelings. (I didn't intend to hurt your feelings.)

I can't help thinking that you are hiding something. (only in the negative: I have to think that you are hiding something.) Could you help me (to) undo my shoelaces? My fingers are frozen. (Could you undo my shoelaces?)

Help can be followed by a bare infinitive or a to -infinitive.

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Help or Help to? Which is correct? (English grammar)

Both “help” and “help to” are correct and you can choose if you want to include “to” after “help”. There is no significant change in meaning.

Help or Help to 

When we use the verb “to help”, we have the choice of whether to include “to” or not. 

I am helping my children pay for college.

I am helping my children to pay for college.

I helped him cross the road.

I helped him to cross the road.

As you can see from the examples above you can choose to use “to” or not. It is a personal preference with no change in meaning.

Help and the bare infinitive

Usually in English when we have a verb following another verb we use a gerund (ing) or an infinitive(to + verb) for the second verb.

I tried to open the bottle. (The second verb “to open” is in the infinitive form)

I like playing football. (The second verb “to play” is in the gerund form)

The bare infinitive is when we use the second verb in the infinitive without the “to”.

I helped build the railway. 

Bare infinitives are usually used with modal verbs like “can”, “could” and “would” but also “had better” and “would rather”. You can read more about modal verbs here .  

Help or Help to – Is there a difference?

While there is no difference in meaning between “help” and “help to”, there may be some differences in how we use “to” after “help”. 

Some people say that there is a difference between American English speakers preferring to use the “to” whereas British English speakers prefer to omit the “to”.

In my opinion, it is more of a choice regarding the rhythm and stress of the sentence. 

People decide to omit “to” when there is a neutral shorter sentence. The emphasis is also more on “help” than the action that follows.

She helped take out the trash.

When people use “to” with help, the stress can be on “to” and the action that follows.

My parents helped me to buy a house in Riverdale.

There often may even be a short pause before “to” while the person gathers their thoughts.

My parents helped me….. to buy a house in Riverdale.

Remember, there is no difference in meaning but there may be some possible nuance in emphasis. 

Help do or Help to do?

You can use either “help do” or “help to do”. There is usually an object(someone) after “help”.

I helped him do his homework.

I helped him to do his homework.

Both of the examples above are correct with no change in meaning. 

Help + ing or infinitive? 

We usually use “to help” with an infinitive or a bare infinitive. As discussed above, it is optional to use ”to” after “help”. There is one exception when you can use “help+ ing”.

Exception “can’t help + ing” 

The exception to using “help + infinitive” is when you use “can’t” before “help”.

I can’t help falling in love with you. 

You just can’t help eating all the chips, can you?

This is also the case with “need”.

Do you need help moving all of those boxes?

Do not use the “ing” form with help in other contexts.

Incorrect: You should help him moving all those boxes.

Correct:  You should help him to move all those boxes.

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Verb patterns: verb + infinitive or verb + - ing ?

Verbs followed by a to -infinitive.

Some verbs can be followed immediately by a to- infinitive:

I can’t afford to go on holiday.

It began to rain .

She hopes to go to university next year.

My mother never learnt to swim .

Did you remember to ring Nigel?

Help somebody (to) do

Verbs followed by a direct object and a to- infinitive

Verbs followed by -ing

-ing but not to- infinitive

Some verbs are normally followed by the -ing form, not the to- infinitive:

I always enjoy cooking .

Not: I always enjoy to cook .

We haven’t finished eating yet.

Not: We haven’t finished to eat .

She keeps changing her mind about the wedding.

New subject before - ing

Some of these verbs (e.g. can’t stand, dislike, imagine, involve, mind, miss, put off and risk ) can be used with a new subject before the -ing form (underlined in the examples below). If the new subject is a pronoun, it is in the object form ( me, him, her, us, them ):

We just couldn’t imagine Gerry singing in public.

Do you mind me being here while you’re working?

I don’t want to risk him losing his job.

Verbs followed by a to -infinitive or -ing

Hate , like , love , prefer.

Hate, like, love and prefer can be followed either by -ing or a to- infinitive. The difference in meaning is often small. The -ing form emphasises the verb itself. The to- infinitive puts the emphasis more on the preference for, or the results of, the action.

Hate , like , love , prefer with would or should

When hate, like, love and prefer are used with would or should , only the to- infinitive is used, not the -ing form:

She ’d love to get a job nearer home.

Not: She’d love getting a job nearer home .

Would you like to have dinner with us on Friday?

To -infinitive or -ing form with a change in meaning

Some verbs can be followed by a to- infinitive or the -ing form, but with a change in meaning:

Remember or remind ?

Stop + -ing form or to -infinitive

Verbs followed by an infinitive without to

Let and make are followed by an infinitive without to in active voice sentences. They always have an object (underlined) before the infinitive:

Let me show you this DVD I’ve got.

They made us wait while they checked our documents.

Not: They made us to wait …

Help can be followed by an infinitive without to or a to- infinitive:

She helped me find a direction in life.

Everyone can help to reduce carbon emissions by using public transport.

Let , let’s

Verbs followed by -ing or an infinitive without to

A group of verbs connected with feeling, hearing and seeing can be used with - ing or with an infinitive without to :

When they are used with - ing , these verbs emphasise the action or event in progress. When they are used with an infinitive without to , they emphasise the action or event seen as a whole, or as completed.

Some verbs are used with a direct object (underlined) followed by a to -infinitive. These verbs include:

I advised him to get a job as soon as possible.

Did Martin teach Gary to play squash?

They want me to go to Germany with them.

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navel-gazing

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the activity of spending too much time considering your own thoughts, feelings, or problems

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Gerund or Infinitive – English Verb Patterns

Infinitive or gerund.

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Introduction

Verb patterns in English grammar tell us whether to use the infinitive or the gerund after certain words. The infinitive is the basic form of the verb. Depending on the verb, adjective or noun it follows, we can use the infinitive with or without to e.g. (to) be, (to) have, (to) do . The gerund is the -ing form of a verb. It acts as a noun in a sentence and follows certain verbs, prepositions and adjectives.

Learn when to use the gerund and when to use the infinitive in English grammar with Lingolia’s grammar lesson. Then, practise verb patterns in English grammar with our interactive exercises.

The infinitive is the basic form of the verb. We use the infinitive:

• after certain adjectives Example: It was impossible to go back.
• after certain nouns Example: There was no need to get angry.
• after certain expressions Example: I would rather stay at home.
• after certain verbs (with or without an object) Example: We might stay at home.
• after certain verbs + question words Example: We didn’t remember where to meet .

to express purpose or to answer the question why...?

List of words followed by the infinitive

The infinitive follows certain adjectives, nouns, verbs and expressions either with or without “to”. Click on the links below to see a list of words followed by the infinitive.

List of adjective followed by the infinitive with “to”

List of nouns followed by the infinitive with “to”

List of verbs followed by the infinitive without “to”

List of verbs followed by the infinitive with “to”

List of verbs + object followed by the infinitive without and without “to”

List of verbs + question word followed by the infinitive without “to”

List of expressions followed by the infinitive without “to”

The gerund is also called the ing -form of a verb and is conjugated in the same way as the present participle . We use the gerund:

• as the subject of a sentence Example: Cycling is good for your health.
• after certain prepositions Example: Instead of studying for her exams, she went out every night.
• after certain adjectives with a preposition Example: I am interested in visiting the museum.
• after certain nouns with or without a preposition Example: There’s no point in waiting any longer.
• after certain verbs with or without a preposition Example: I enjoy cooking.

List of words followed by the gerund

The gerund is used after certain prepositions, adjectives + prepositions, nouns, verbs and verb + preposition patterns. Click on the the one of the links below to see a list of words followed by the gerund.

List of prepositions followed by the gerund

List of adjectives + preposition followed by the gerund

List of nouns followed by the gerund

List of verbs followed by the gerund

List of verbs + preposition followed by the gerund

Sometimes a word can be followed by either an infinitive or a gerund, but there is often a change in meaning.

No Change in Meaning

The following verbs can be followed by either the infinitive or the gerund without changing their meaning.

• cannot bear

Same Meaning, Different Usage

The meaning of the following words also remains unchanged. The only difference is that we use the infinitive in sentences with an object, and the gerund in sentences without an object.

Change in Meaning

We can use the infinitive or the gerund after the following verbs, but the meaning changes.

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• Explanations

Gerunds and Infinitives

Perfect english grammar.

It can be a little difficult to know when to use gerunds and infinitives. (See all the gerund and infinitive exercises here)

We use gerunds (verb + ing):

• After certain verbs - I enjoy singing
• After prepositions - I drank a cup of coffee before leaving
• As the subject or object of a sentence - Swimming is good exercise

We use 'to' + infinitive:

• After certain verbs - We decided to leave
• After many adjectives - It's difficult to get up early
• To show purpose - I came to London to study English

We use the bare infinitive (the infinitive without 'to'):

• After modal verbs - I can meet you at six o'clock
• After 'let', 'make' and (sometimes) 'help' - The teacher let us leave early
• After some verbs of perception (see, watch, hear, notice, feel, sense) - I watched her walk away
• After expressions with 'why' - why go out the night before an exam?

Verbs that take the gerund or 'to + infinitive' with examples and exercises:

• Verbs with gerunds and infinitives part 1
• Verbs with gerunds and infinitives part 2
• Verbs with gerunds and infinitives part 3
• Verbs with gerunds and infinitives part 4

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This handout provides a detailed overview (including descriptions and examples) of gerunds, participles, and infinitives.

A gerund is a verbal that ends in -ing and functions as a noun. The term verbal indicates that a gerund, like the other two kinds of verbals, is based on a verb and therefore expresses action or a state of being. However, since a gerund functions as a noun, it occupies some positions in a sentence that a noun ordinarily would, for example: subject, direct object, subject complement, and object of preposition.

Gerund as subject:

• Traveling might satisfy your desire for new experiences. ( Traveling is the gerund.)
• The study abroad program might satisfy your desire for new experiences. (The gerund has been removed.)

Gerund as direct object:

• They do not appreciate my singing. (The gerund is singing .)
• They do not appreciate my assistance. (The gerund has been removed)

Gerund as subject complement:

• My cat's favorite activity is sleeping. (The gerund is sleeping .)
• My cat's favorite food is salmon. (The gerund has been removed.)

Gerund as object of preposition:

• The police arrested him for speeding. (The gerund is speeding .)
• The police arrested him for criminal activity. (The gerund has been removed.)

A gerund phrase is a group of words consisting of a gerund and the modifier(s) and/or (pro)noun(s) or noun phrase(s) that function as the direct object(s), indirect object(s), or complement(s) of the action or state expressed in the gerund, such as:

The gerund phrase functions as the subject of the sentence.

Finding (gerund) a needle (direct object of action expressed in gerund) in a haystack (prepositional phrase as adverb)

The gerund phrase functions as the direct object of the verb appreciate.

my (possessive pronoun adjective form, modifying the gerund) offering (gerund) you (indirect object of action expressed in gerund) this opportunity (direct object of action expressed in gerund)

The gerund phrase functions as the subject complement.

jabbering away to (gerund) his constituents (direct object of action expressed in gerund)

The gerund phrase functions as the object of the preposition for.

faking (gerund) an illness (direct object of action expressed in gerund) to avoid work (infinitive phrase as adverb)

Being (gerund) the boss (subject complement for Jeff, via state of being expressed in gerund)

Punctuation

A gerund virtually never requires any punctuation with it.

Points to remember:

• A gerund is a verbal ending in -ing that is used as a noun.
• A gerund phrase consists of a gerund plus modifier(s), object(s), and/or complement(s).
• Gerunds and gerund phrases virtually never require punctuation.

The Editor’s Manual

Free learning resource on English grammar, punctuation, usage, and style.

Infinitives and Gerunds

Both infinitives ( to + verb ) and gerunds ( verb + -ing ) can function as nouns in sentences. Here are three ways they are used differently:

• The infinitive is more formal and literary than a gerund as the subject of a sentence ( To dream is easy ), while the gerund sounds more natural in everyday usage ( Dreaming is easy ).
• Some verbs can take only the infinitive as object ( I want to win ); some can take only the gerund ( I have finished eating ). Other verbs can be followed by infinitives and gerunds interchangeably ( I like to dance / dancing ).
• The gerund is generally used as the object of a preposition ( Thanks for coming ).

Infinitive vs. gerund as subject

Both infinitives and gerunds can function as the subject of a sentence, just like nouns. (The subject is whom or what the sentence is about.) The infinitive form ( to + verb ) sounds more formal and literary than the gerund ( verb + -ing ), which is seen more often in everyday usage.

• Infinitive: To travel is to broaden the mind. Gerund: Traveling broadens the mind.
• Infinitive: To see is to believe. Gerund: Seeing is believing.
• Infinitive: To be happy is a state of mind. Gerund: Being happy is a state of mind.

Here are some more examples from literature. Note the slightly solemn tone that the infinitive as subject lends to the sentence.

• To want is to have a weakness. — Margaret Atwood , The Handmaid’s Tale , 1985
• To attack the first is not to assail the last. — Charlotte Brontë , Jane Eyre , 1847
• To touch her face was that always new experience of opening your window one December morning . . . — Ray Bradbury , Dandelion Wine , 1957

Infinitive vs. gerund as object of verb

Infinitives and gerunds can be used interchangeably as the object of some verbs, such as start , begin , continue , love , like , prefer , hate . (The object is what usually follows the verb in a sentence and is affected by it.)

• Infinitive: Lulu started to sing . Gerund: Lulu started singing .
• Infinitive: Tumkin began to dance . Gerund: Tumkin began dancing .
• Infinitive: Anita continued to read . Gerund: Anita continued reading .
• Infinitive: Nesbit loves to tinker with technology. Gerund: Nesbit loves tinkering with technology.
• Infinitive: Maya likes to drink tea. Gerund: Maya likes drinking tea.
• Infinitive: Rita prefers to drink beer than to sip on tea. Gerund: Rita prefers drinking beer to sipping on tea.

However, with some verbs, an infinitive can act as an object, but a gerund cannot. These include want , intend , plan , hope , agree , need , promise , claim , hesitate , learn , wish , neglect , expect , and prepare .

• Farley wants finding / to find gold in the mountains.
• Poco intends firing / to fire all his employees today.
• Nesbit plans buying / to buy a new laptop next month.
• Tumkin hopes traveling / to travel to Fiji someday.
• Lulu agreed meeting / to meet me at the party.
• Anita needs adopting / to adopt another cat.
• Maya promised buying / to buy me an island for my birthday.

In contrast, gerunds but not infinitives can act as the object of certain verbs, such as suggest , recommend , discuss , consider , finish , mention , risk , avoid , keep , delay , deny , recall , and resist .

• Tumkin suggests punishing / to punish anyone who burns a book.
• Poco recommends buying / to buy a new house in another city.
• Anita and I discussed reorganizing / to reorganize the staff allocation.
• Would you consider hiring / to hire Rita for the job?
• Lulu has finished eating / to eat all the candy.
• Nesbit mentioned seeing / to see strange lights in the sky.
• Maya risks losing / to lose her reputation if she publishes this story.
• Farley narrowly avoided crashing / to crash his car into the wall.
• Poco keeps calling / to call me all day long.

Whether an infinitive or a gerund should be used as the object differs from one verb to another. When in doubt, refer to a learner’s dictionary (like Oxford or Britannica [ Merriam-Webster ]) that contains examples indicating whether to use the infinitive or the gerund with a verb.

Some verbs can mean different things when used with infinitives and with gerunds. Try and stop are two such verbs.

• With infinitive: I’ll try to complete the report by tomorrow, but I can’t promise you anything. try + infinitive = attempt to do something difficult With gerund: Have you ever tried drinking tea instead of coffee? try + gerund = experiment with something new
• With infinitive: We stopped to admire the view. stop + infinitive = cease moving With gerund: Stop talking ! stop + gerund = cease doing something With gerund: I have stopped drinking coffee in the morning. stop + gerund = abandon a habit

Infinitive vs. gerund as object of preposition

While gerunds can act as the object of a preposition ( in , on , of , from , for , into , etc.), infinitives usually cannot. (The object of a preposition is what follows it to form a prepositional phrase and is referenced or affected by the preposition.)

• Can someone stop Farley from acting / to act the fool?
• Poco is thinking of buying / to buy a new car.
• Thanks for inviting / to invite me to your party.

Prepositions that are exceptions are except and but , which take an infinitive instead of a gerund as object.

• Poco would not stop yelling except catching / to catch his breath.
• Farley had no choice but eating / to eat the deadly berries.

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The verb expect can take an infinitive as its object but not a gerund.

The verb deny can take a gerund as its object but not an infinitive.

The verb stop can take either an infinitive or a gerund as its object, depending on meaning.

The verb like can take either a gerund or an infinitive as its object without any change in meaning.

The object of most prepositions (such as about ) is a gerund, not an infinitive.

The word but is an exception. Unlike other prepositions, it takes an infinitive instead of a gerund as its object.

Grammar: gerund or infinitive

Watch a recording of our LearnEnglish webinar on the topic of motivation at work. It reviews and practises when to use the gerund or infinitive and is for B1 level learners.

What do you ilke doing at work? Tell us about your hopes and plans for your job.

Language level

Hello The LearnEnglish Team,

I hope this message finds you well. I have a question regarding the sentence, "I don't like having my photograph taken." I am wondering if it would be grammatically and semantically correct to paraphrase it as, "I dislike the act of someone taking a photograph of me."

I would like to note that I am aware that a gerund phrase can take a subject, so I have used "someone" after "the act of," as in the example: "There are specific factors which will increase the likelihood of children leaving school early."

Additionally, I am aware that I could paraphrase my original sentence as, "I dislike the act of being photographed by someone."

Thank you for your assistance and clarification.

Best regards, Sep80

• Log in or register to post comments

Hello Sep80,

That sentence is grammatically correct, but the construction 'I dislike the act of...' is used to talk about something the speaker does rather than something someone else does to them. When talking about something done to use we would be more likely to say 'I dislike the experience of being photographed'.

The LearnEnglish Team

In the below two examples: 1 - People use their phones to take photos. 2 - People use their phones for taking photos. If we should use the gerund after prepositions, what is the explanation for the fist example?

Thanks in advance.

In the first sentence 'to' is not a preposition but rather a particle forming the infinitive 'to take'. The verb pattern here is >use (sth) + to infinitive< .

I hope that helps to clarify it.

Thank you, Peter.

Hello. Could you please help me? Which choice is correct? Why? - If you want to stay healthy, you should try (to do - doing) more exercise Thank you.

Hello Ahmed Imam,

The difference between 'try to do' and 'try doing' is explained on our Verbs followed by '-ing' or 'to'-infinitive 2  page. Either one could work here, but I imagine the form with the infinitive makes more sense in most situations.

All the best, Kirk The LearnEnglish Team

Motivation is one of reasons but not all reasons

Is there any trick to guess when to use gerund or infinitive?

Hello mug006,

There are some rules. Gerunds are used after prepositions, for example. However, mostly it is a question of remembering which verbs are followed by which form. For explanations and examples take a look at these pages:

https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/grammar/english-grammar-reference/clause-structure-and-verb-patterns

https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/grammar/english-grammar-reference/ing-forms

https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/grammar/english-grammar-reference/to-infinitives

https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/grammar/english-grammar-reference/verbs-followed-by-the-ing-form

https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/grammar/english-grammar-reference/verbs-followed-by-the-infinitive

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When to Use Gerunds and Infinitives: 5 Simple Rules for English Learners

Gerunds and infinitives are very common in the English language.

But how do you know when to use an infinitive and when to use a gerund?

The five simple rules below are sure to help!

What Is an Infinitive? What Is a Gerund?

5 simple rules to master the use of gerunds and infinitives, rule 1: gerunds can be used as a subject of a sentence., rule 2: both gerunds and infinitives can be used as objects of a sentence., rule 3: infinitives should be used after many adjectives., rule 4: only infinitives are used after certain verbs followed by nouns or pronouns referring to a person., rule 5: only gerunds are used after prepositions (with one exception)., and one more thing....

Download: This blog post is available as a convenient and portable PDF that you can take anywhere. Click here to get a copy. (Download)

An infinitive is the verb form that has “to” at the beginning. For example, “to do,” “to sleep,” “to love” and “to create.” It is the simplest verb form that you have to modify to fit into sentences.

For example, “She sleeps” no longer contains the infinitive of the verb “to sleep.” Instead, it has been conjugated into the simple present third person form of the verb “to sleep”: sleeps.

Infinitives are easy!

How about gerunds?

Gerunds are formed by adding “-ing” to the verb: “sleeping,” “drawing,” “swimming.” But they are not the “-ing” verb forms that you see in the present or past continuous tense . They look the same, but gerunds are actually verb forms used as nouns .

Let’s take the infinitive of the verb “to sleep” and use it in two different sentences:

I am sleeping .

This is the present continuous. “Sleeping” here is part of the verb. It is not a gerund. Here’s the second sentence:

I don’t like sleeping .

This is present simple , but it contains a gerund. “Sleeping” is the direct object of this sentence.

Now that you know the difference between infinitives and gerunds, let’s introduce the rules that will help you use both correctly.

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Take a look at some examples.

Walking is good for your health.

Making friends has become more difficult since I moved to a new city.

Becoming a millionaire is a dream of many young people today.

Here, the gerunds (in bold) are part of the sentence subjects (“walking,” “making friends,” “becoming a millionaire”). All three sentences sound like normal, everyday English.

Now read these two sentences:

“ To be or not to be—that is the question.”

“ To mourn a mischief that is past and gone is the next way to draw new mischief on.”

(Both sentences are quotes from William Shakespeare’s works.)

They sound formal, don’t they? They are poetic, aren’t they? Shakespeare is one of the greatest authors of all time, but his English is famously difficult to understand. And that’s because it is literature. It is formal and it is art.

In those two quotes, the infinitives “to be” and “to mourn” are used as the sentence subjects.

So, it is possible to use both infinitives and gerunds as subjects, but gerunds are much more commonly used as subjects. Just pay attention to how the choice reflects on the tone and meaning of your sentences.

You may say:

“I enjoy drawing .”

You may also say:

“Yesterday, I decided to draw .”

Both sentences are correct, but one has an infinitive as the object and the other has a gerund as the object.

What is the difference?

It’s the verbs that precede (come before) the object! Some verbs require a gerund and some will require an infinitive. In the above examples, we can see that the formula is “enjoy” + [gerund] and “decide” + [infinitive] .

With practice, you will be able to remember which one is which.

Here are a few examples of verbs that need to be followed by an infinitive:

• agree: I agreed to go to a party with my friend.
• decide:  The president decided not to participate in the discussions.
• deserve:  Everyone deserves to be respected.
• expect:  I expect to know my exam grade by tomorrow.
• hope:  We were hoping to avoid traffic by leaving early.
• learn:  He learned not to trust anyone.
• need:  She needs to learn how to cook.
• offer:  I offered to help my brother with homework.
• plan:  We are planning to watch a movie tonight.
• promise:  My friend promised to find the time to help me move.
• seem:  We seem to be lost.
• wait:  I cannot wait to see my family.
• want:  I don’t want to go to bed yet.

There are lots of verbs that require an infinitive after. You will learn them naturally, as you progress in your English studies.

And here are a few examples of verbs that need to be followed by a gerund:

• admit: They admitted changing the schedule.
• advise: I advise proceeding (moving forward) with caution.
• avoid: She avoided looking me in the eye.
• consider (think about) : I considered staying silent, but I had to tell her.
• deny:  I denied knowing about his secret.
• involve: The course involved writing three tests.
• mention (say something) : She mentioned seeing my brother at a baseball game.
• recommend: I recommend practicing gerunds and infinitives.
• risk: Don’t risk losing your job!
• suggest: I suggest reading more English short stories.

Here are three sample sentences that will help to illustrate this rule:

It is not easy to graduate from university.

It is necessary to speak English to work in a hotel .

It is wonderful to have close friends.

When you describe something with an adjective (underlined in the examples above), an infinitive should follow (in bold). Using gerunds here would be incorrect.

But remember! If you want to make that object into a subject (see Rule 1), a gerund should be used:

Graduating from university is not easy.

Speaking English is necessary to work in a hotel.

Having close friends is wonderful.

How else do you know if an adjective should be followed by an infinitive? The construct “ too + [adjective] ” is another way to tell!

For example:

This dress is too big to wear .

This car is too expensive to buy .

And the same is true about  “[adjective] + enough” :

My child is not tall enough to ride this rollercoaster.

The course was detailed enough to widen his knowledge base.

This rule is useful enough to understand the usage of infinitives!

“We asked her not to go.”

In this sentence, “we” is the subject, “asked” is the verb and “her” is the objective form of the pronoun “she.” You must use an infinitive (“to go”), never a gerund, after certain verbs followed by nouns or pronouns referring to people.

To remember this rule, you will have to study verbs that take an object and an infinitive in this context .

Start with these examples. The objects (nouns and pronouns) are underlined. Notice how the underlined objects are all followed by infinitives.

• ask:  Can I ask you to help me with something?
• expect: I never expected him to become famous.
• hire (give a job to someone) : Did the company hire  you   just to sit in your office?
• invite: I invited a friend to attend the ceremony.
• order: She ordered the child to stay at home.
• remind: Please remind me to wash the dishes.
• require: The test required him to concentrate fully.
• teach: That will teach you to follow the rules!
• tell: Who told you to come here?
• urge: They urged me to continue my research.
• warn: I am warning you not to do this!

Consider this sentence:

I talked him out of taking that job.

Here, the gerund “taking” follows the preposition “of.”

Prepositions can follow any word, be it a noun, a pronoun, a verb or an adjective. In the examples below, the prepositions are underlined, followed by the gerunds in bold.

A preposition that follows a noun:

Novels about growing up are popular among teenagers.

I have an interest in becoming a painter. 

A preposition that follows a pronoun:

I forgive you for not telling the truth.

A preposition that follows a verb:

She is thinking about trying martial arts. 

He looks forward to meeting his cousins.

A preposition that follows an adjective:

I am wary of going alone.

My mom is scared of   flying .

There is one exception. Thankfully, it should be easy to remember!

The exception

“But” is a short word that connects two clauses of a sentence together. It is called a conjunction. Sometimes, “but” can also play a role of a preposition. When “but” is used as a preposition, it is the same in meaning as “except.”

If “but” or “except” are used like this, they need to be followed by an infinitive:

I had no choice but to follow her. (I had to follow her.)

Mary made no stops on the way except   to get gas. (Mary only stopped to get gas.)

There is nothing left for me to do but to collect my money and go. (I only have to collect my money and go.)

You may not see “but” and “except” used this way often. Just follow the rule of gerunds after prepositions, and you will get it right most of the time!

Gerunds and infinitives may be confusing, but they make your English speech more varied and colorful. It is very useful to study them and practice using them correctly. The more you notice gerunds and infinitives in your study of the English language, the easier it will get!

Sometimes you will be unsure if you need to use an infinitive or a gerund in a sentence. In this situation, try changing the sentence and saying what you want to say in a different way.

Practicing is how you become more fluent. It is important to practice.

Happy studying!

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For example, when you tap on the word "searching," you see this:

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Infinitive and Gerund

Exercises and Tests on Infinitive and Gerund

There are certain words in English that are usually followed by an infinitive or gerund. If you are not sure whether to use the infinitive or gerund, check out our lists or look the words up in a dictionary.

Certain words are followed by an infinite verb with or without ‘to’ .

ing form of the verb

Exceptions in Spelling

See → Present Progressive – Exceptions

Certain words are followed by an Ing -Form.

Words followed either by Infinitive or Ing -Form

Exercises and tests.

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-Ing or infinitive after "help"?

• Thread starter Amber_1010
• Start date May 23, 2013

Senior Member

• May 23, 2013

Hi. Let's discuss! I wonder whether we should use "ing" or infinitive after the verb help . Like: 1. Do you need any help understanding the questions? - I think we need a preposition here. "Do you need any help in understaning the question?" Am I right? Can we leave the propostion out? 2.This really helps me understand the contents. - I think we cannot say "helps me understanding" here. But I don't know why, it just sounds strange to me. Right? Please comment and explain. Thanks!  

Aide-toi et le ciel t'aid

• Oct 25, 2013

You are correct. After help, an "ing" verb needs to follow. "He needs help understanding the question." Or "The country needs help recovering from the storm." You cannot say, "Do you need help in understanding the question?" as this does not sound right and is not grammatically correct.  

I think there are several issues here. First, in Amber's Do you need any help [in] understanding the questions? "help" is not a verb - it's a noun.  

I agree with Loob. In addition, I consider the in optional. It's a bit clumsy sounding, but I don't think it's incorrect.  

I agree with Kate. The 'in' is optional; one leans to include it in some cases, to omit it in others. The thread title raised the infinitive question, and the answer is that "Do you need any help to understand the question?" is quite OK. Further the thread raised the issue of the verb 'help', and that answer is that "I will help you understanding the question" is poor. "I will help you in understanding the question" might pass. Or, "I will help you in coming to understand the question" is not bad. A better example of ing -form after the verb 'help' might be "I will help you in studying the question." Also, "I will help you to understand the question" is fine, and perhaps the infinitive is preferable. And this is the case with "I will help you come to understand the question" --also fine.  

• Jan 6, 2018

Hello, what about "Proteins help people being more alert". To my ear it sounds better without "in". What do you think?  

Giesiek said: Proteins help people in being more alert Click to expand...

Why then you can omit "in" in some sentences but you can't in others?  

Unlike the sentence in the first post, your "help" is a verb. "Help" (the verb) is followed by the "to" infinitive or by the bare infinitive. In your sentence, I would use the full infinitive: It helps you to be more alert. ​  

• Jan 7, 2018

Oh, of course. Thank you for your patience, velisarius.  

• Dec 19, 2018

“Is it likely to help improving treatment?” How about the sentence above? I have heard it in an episode of BBC Global News Podcast. Although I tend to mishear words in podcasts, I listened to it several times. I’m %99 sure that the correspondant says that.  

WildWest said: “Is it likely to help improving treatment?” Click to expand...

Barque said: This is ungrammatical. I'd have expected Is it likely to help improve treatment? or Is it likely to help in improving treatment? Click to expand...

• Aug 16, 2019

Good afternoon, I have a doubt... Which one is correct? 1. My parents helped me setting up my own business. 2. My parents helped me set up my own business. I think is the first one, if the correct is the second one, why does the verb take bare infinitive after "help" in this case?  

• Aug 17, 2019

No. It would be more natural to use the second one, the infinitive version.  

It doesn't have to be a bare infinitive. After help , you can use either a full or a bare infinitive.  

Alejandra Leiva M

• Jan 3, 2020

velisarius said: Unlike the sentence in the first post, your "help" is a verb. "Help" (the verb) is followed by the "to" infinitive or by the bare infinitive.​ ​ In your sentence, I would use the full infinitive:​ It helps you to be more alert. ​ Click to expand...

There is no difference of meaning. "The drug helped me breathe" = "The drug helped me to breathe.'  

Alejandra Leiva M said: but what's the difference between using bare and to? Click to expand...

• Feb 12, 2020

Hi, in the following phrase "help" is a verb, so I have to use the infinitive as in version 1 (right?), but to me the version 2 sounds better.. 1) This product will help you (TO) DEVELOP new methods to determine allergen content, and (TO) MONITOR the performance of these methods on a daily basis. 2) This product will help you (IN) DEVELOPING new methods to determine allergen content, and (IN) MONITORING the performance of these methods on a daily basis. Which one is the correct and "more natural" version?  

The infinitive version is more direct. But… Do you intend to include the prepositions? It makes a difference, because the infinitive version would be ambiguous if you omitted “to”. It would not be clear that help was also intended to refer to monitor .  

lingobingo said: The infinitive version is more direct. But… Do you intend to include the prepositions? It makes a difference, because the infinitive version would be ambiguous if you omitted “to”. It would not be clear that help was also intended to refer to monitor . Click to expand...

I don’t know why you’ve repeated everything. Your sentences are both fine (although I would say those rather than these). My point was simply that you need to include “to” with the infinitive in this case, to avoid any ambiguity. This product will help you (a) to develop new methods to determine allergen content, and (b) to monitor the performance of these methods on a daily basis. This product will (a) help you develop new methods to determine allergen content, and (b) monitor the performance of these methods on a daily basis.  

LauraPetz said: 2) This product will help you (IN) DEVELOPING new methods to determine allergen content, and (IN) MONITORING the performance of these methods on a daily basis. Click to expand...

SugarSpunSister

• Oct 1, 2020

What about "Sport helps reduce stress"? I'm pretty sure this is ungrammatical and needs the -ing instead. But I can't seem to pinpoint the difference. Maybe it's because there is no object after help?  

SugarSpunSister said: I'm pretty sure this is ungrammatical Click to expand...

As has been mentioned before in this thread, the verb help is commonly followed by an infinitive, rather than by the ing -form of a verb, or by a preposition + ing -form. The infinitive marker to is optional. Sport helps (to) reduce stress.  

SugarSpunSister said: What about "Sport helps reduce stress"? I'm pretty sure this is ungrammatical and needs the -ing instead. But I can't seem to pinpoint the difference. Maybe it's because there is no object after help? Click to expand...

• Oct 2, 2020

I suppose you might argue that watching a sport like cricket or golf also helps to reduce stress, especially if you're watching from the comfort of your own sofa. Joking apart, I agree with lingobingo.  

The words to run are a(n) _____. hyperbole gerund infinitive prepositional phrase

📚 Related Questions

• Which sentences correct the vague pronoun problem in the sentence that follows? Check all that apply. The police officer chased the criminal through the streets until he tripped and fell. The police officer chased the criminal through the streets until they tripped and fell. The police officer chased the criminal through the streets until the officer tripped and fell. The police officer chased the criminal through the streets until the criminal tripped and fell. The criminal chased the police officer through the streets until he tripped and fell. The police officer and the criminal chased them through the streets until they tripped and fell.

The sentence has a vague pronoun problem because it is unclear if the police officer or the criminal tripped and fell. In order to correct this, the sentence needs to be more specific. We can say any of the following sentences:

• The police officer chased the criminal through the streets until the officer tripped and fell.
• It is clear that the officer fell.
• The police officer chased the criminal through the streets until the criminal tripped and fell.
• It is clear the criminal fell.

This sentence wouldn't necessarily work with the original sentence since we can infer that only one of them fell because the writer used he. However, if both of them fell, it would be correct as well.

The police officer chased the criminal through the streets until they tripped and fell.  

The sentences that correct the vague pronoun problem are:

Explanation:

In the original sentence, "The police officer chased the criminal through the streets until he tripped and fell", we have the following information:

- There was a police officer;

- There was a criminal;

- The officer chased the criminal;

- One of them tripped and fell.

Because the speaker of the sentence used the pronoun "he" when there are two possible  third-person singular nouns for it to be substituting - officer and criminal -, "he" ends up being vague. We do not know who it refers to.

Thus, the best way to correct this problem is by choosing one of the nouns to be the one who tripped and fell, and using it instead of the pronoun "he".

Life Without Gravity" considers the advantages and the disadvantages of weightlessness. In a paragraph, name two of the advantages and two of the disadvantages. Then, state your opinion of space travel. If you had the opportunity to travel in space, would you be willing to do it? Why or why not? i DONT CARE TAKE THEM

One advantage of weightlessness is being able to floating and bouncing around wall from wall, no one ever gets tired and less energy is used. A disadvantage is your bones get weaker and thinner, you might get sick. But you also can see space and have that experience and next time you go it will be easier. But a disadvantage is that you could die easily. Considering you could run out of food you also could be lost in space. SO I think it is better to stay on earth

The section of the sonnet that sets the theme is called the? Motet Octave Sestet Octet

The section of the sonnet that sets the theme is called the octave .

An octave consists of eight lines of iambic pentameter or hendecasyllables . The octave has a special purpose, especially in the Petrarchan sonnet. The function of an octave is to set up a problem to be resolved, to reflect on reality, or to express a feeling. In that way, the octave is the one in charge of introducing the theme of the sonnet.

Which of the following lines from "Chicago" is an example of metaphor? A. Tool Maker, Stacker of Wheat, B. They tell me you are wicked and I believe them, C. here is a tall bold slugger set vivid against the little soft cities; D. Under the terrible burden of destiny laughing as a young man laughs,

C. Here is a tall bold slugger set vivid against the little soft cities;

The poem "Chicago" by Carl Sandburg elaborates the city with a sense of pride and personifies it with using words like "Tool maker", "Stacker of Wheat", "Hog Butcher" and many more. He further goes on to describe the city life and the metaphor that he used in the poem out of these options is "tall bold slugger" as he compares the man to it. As we know, a metaphor is employed to symbolize the meaning and similarly, this metaphor signifies and accomplishes the poet's aim to glorify the energy of the American working class. Thus, the option C is correct.

Details : Which of the following lines from "Chicago" is an example of metaphor?A.Tool

sing what you learned in the lesson, match the term with its definition. (5 points) 1. Necro 2. Soph 3. Hypno 4. Pan 5. Dent a. Sleep b. Everything c. Death d. Tooth e. Wisdom

Hypno - Sleep (B)

Pan - Everything (C)

Necro - Death (A)

Dent - Tooth (D)

Soph - Wisdom (E)

Got 100% on the test

Which four of the following words or phrases indicate how things are alike? as opposed to as well as both conversely likewise on the contrary similarly

Answer: As well as;

Explanation: The words/phrases listed in the options given are known as connectives. Connectives are phrases or words that are used to connect one idea to the next idea. When applied within a paragraph (or even within a sentence), connectives express the relationship between the main idea and the supporting ones.

Using connectives helps papers to be read more smoothly while providing logical structure and maintaining a continuous flow of thoughts.

The four phrases indicating similarity include: as well as, both, likewise and similarly. Though likewise, as well as and similarly could also express addition.

Read this sentence from the text. The humorous story depends for its effect upon the manner of the telling; the comic story and the witty story upon the matter. Which response best captures the meaning of the sentence? Humorous stories are funnier when read from text, but comic and witty stories are more amusing if told aloud. Humorous stories rely on the talents of the storyteller to be funny; comic and witty stories rely on the quality of the content. For most people, humorous stories are easier to understand; however, comic and witty stories require a more sophisticated audience. To be effective, humorous stories require ample time for telling; comic and witty stories are short and to the point.

Humorous stories rely on the talents of the storyteller to be funny; comic and witty stories rely on the quality of the content.

This is the sentence that best conveys the meaning of the original sentence. In the original sentence, the author states that humorous stories only have an effect (they are funny for the audience) when they are told in a certain "manner." Therefore, they rely on the talents of the storyteller. On the other hand, comic and witty stories rely on the "matter," which is another way of referring to the content.

what is true about the wife of bath based on her tale? a. the characters in her tale reflect her own life. b. she wishes she had been a nun instead of a wife. c. she realizes that she will be a widow forever. d. She does not want people to know about her past.

a. the characters in her tale reflect her own life.

The Wife of Bath is a very unusual character considering her time period. In her prologue, we learn about her life and her past, and we see that the tale she tells is based on her own experiences. The Wife of Bath was always interested in gaining the upper hand in a marriage because she believes that the best thing a woman can have is sovereignty and authority over herself. She was openly sexual with many men, married several times, and eventually married a man half her age. All of these events are reflected in the tale, in which the knight had to marry a much older woman, and the female characters in the story desire power over their husbands more than anything else.

Details : what is true about the wife of bath based on her tale?a. the characters

Matching Match the letter of the author with his or her description. Not all letters will be used. A. Emily Dickinson B. Sarah Orne Jewett C. Mark Twain D. Ambrose Bierce E. Kate Chopin F. Charles Waddell Chesnutt 1. I was the first African­American writer of the Realist movement. (1 point) 2. Literary scholars suggest that the realistic dialect my characters speak, including Huck Finn and Jim, helped America find its national voice. (1 point) 3. The following passage exemplifies my writing style: I'm nobody! Who are you? Are you nobody, too? Then there’s a pair of us—don’t tell! They’d banish us, you know. How dreary to be somebody! How public, like a frog To tell your name the livelong day To an admiring bog! (1 point) 4. The following passage exemplifies my writing style. The fighting had been hard and continuous; that was attested by all the senses

The letter of the author can be matched with his or her description as

1 matches with F

2 matches with C

3 matches with A

4 matches with D

Authorship establishes accountability for what was made and is defined as "the person who developed or provided existence to anything."  Joint authorship occurs when more than one individual contributed to the work. Different nations have different copyright laws.  A person who holds the title "author" over "literary, dramatic, a musical, artistic , other types of creative works" is granted rights, including the only right to carry out or approve any production or dissemination of their work.

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Classify the events from hamlet according to the type of conflict they depict

Internal feelings are his emotions and feelings: he feels  angry about his father’s death, the feelings about his mother marries the man who Hamlet believes have killed his father.

The external conflicts Hamlet experiences are a direct result of the conflict he feels within himself. Examples for external conflicts is the conflict between Hamlet and Claudius (Hamlet believes Claudius has taken everything from him).

Hamlet wants to avenge his father‘s murder however his indecision prevent him from taking action which of these excerpts from act iv Mark the turning point of Shakespeare’s tragedy (picture included) pls help )):

(Hamlet, act IV, scene II )  

Now might I do it pat, now he is praying;

And now I'll do't—and so he goes to heaven,

And so am I reveng'd. That would be scann'd:

A villain kills my father; and for that

I, his sole son, do this same villain send

O, this is hire and salary, not revenge.

It's the third option

In "Hamadi," by Naomi Shihab Nye, how do Susan's interactions with her parents affect the story?

Her affection for her parents makes her an especially sympathetic character. That is the answer.

Details : In "Hamadi," by Naomi Shihab Nye, how do Susan's interactions with

Locate the gerund phrase and identify its noun use. he heard the chattering of the blue jays. gerund phrase: noun use:

It was no great distance, in those days, from the prison-door to the market-place. Measured by the prisoner's experience, however, it might be reckoned a journey of some length; for, haughty as her demeanour was, she perchance underwent an agony from every footstep of those that thronged to see her, as if her heart had been flung into the street for them all to spurn and trample upon. What is the meaning of this excerpt? A. The walk from prison to scaffolding grew farther over the years as the town expanded. B. The walk from prison to scaffolding seemed a long and treacherous journey to Hester. C. The walk from prison to scaffolding was short, but the onlookers were a violent crowd. D. The walk from prison to scaffolding was both emotionally and physically painful for Hester.

The walk from prison to scaffolding seemed a long and treacherous journey to Hester.

The meaning of the given excerpt is - The walk from prison to scaffolding seemed a long and treacherous journey to Hester. Therefore option B is the correct response.

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Prison and jail have different meanings in American English , however, this is not often observed in everyday usage. A state or federal government runs a jail or penitentiary , which houses inmates for lengthier periods of time—often several years.

Some Ancient Greek philosophers, like Plato, started to formulate concepts about using punishment to change criminals rather than just employing it for its own purpose. The original punishment for people who were unable to pay their penalties was imprisonment .

One of the earliest civilizations to employ jails for punishment rather than just confinement was the Romans. Prisoners were housed in a variety of pre-existing locations, including quarries, basements of public buildings, and metal cages.

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I had so worked upon my imagination as really to believe that about the whole mansion and domain there hung an atmosphere peculiar to themselves and their immediate vicinity -- an atmosphere which had no affinity with the air of heaven, but which had reeked up from the decayed trees, and the gray wall, and the silent tarn -- a pestilent and mystic vapor. Which observation can be made about the narrator? A. He seems unsettled and paranoid. B. He seems sensitive and spiritual. C. He seems creative and fanciful. D. He seems frustrated and angry.

The narrator seems unsettled and paranoid (A).

The narrator describes the atmosphere of the mansion as strange. It reminds him of decaying things and reminded him of hell, rather than heaven. This made the narrator feel unsettled while in the mansion and also caused him to be paranoid of the things that could happen there.

Which punctuation mark is required to set apart an introductory phrase? semicolon colon comma none

The correct answer is C. Comma

In grammar, the comma which is a punctuation mark introduces a pause between elements in a sentence or paragraph in different ways. Indeed. the comma has multiple functions that include separating different elements or items in a list, address, long numbers or dates; linking two independent clauses if these include connectors such as and, or, but and marking introductory words or phrases which are elements that appear at the beginning of the sentence and serve as a context such as the introductory phrase "After exercising" in the sentence "After exercising, you need to drink water". In this way, the comma shows the end of the introductory phrase and the beginning of the main sentence. Thus, the punctuation mark that is required to set apart an introductory phrase is a comma.

Details : Which punctuation mark is required to set apart an introductory phrase?

Who played George Bailey in the Christmas classic it’s a wonderful life

Which best explains Melville’s reason for describing how the sight of Ahab causes “foreboding shivers” in the narrator at the beginning of Chapter 28 of Moby? Melville is building a mood of suspense. Melville is comparing and contrasting Ahab and the narrator. Melville is showing a sequence of events. Melville is developing a possible solution to a problem.

The best explanation for the reason Melville described the sight of Ahab in this way was to create a mood of suspense.

Melville used suspens e here to create an atmospher e where things were not certain. He does it to make the reader anticipate more.

With Ahab's absence, the mystery that surrounded the Pequod getting more increased with time.

The Moby Story

This book was written by Herman Melville . It is a narration that tells the reader about the quest that Ahab went on and how obsessed it made him.

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Which of the following words is probably NOT a member of the pac- word family? capacity pacifier pacific pacify

Which of the following words is probably NOT a member of the vict-,vinc- word family? A convince B victor C vinyl D invincible

Details : Which of the following words is probably NOT a member of the vict-,vinc-

How sound is the psychology used by the Pardoner to extort money?

Psychology is completely sound to Pardoner to extort money a sit is used pretty vehemently by him.

What is Psychology?

The scientific study of the mind and behavior is called psychology. The study of conscious and unconscious events, such as emotions and thoughts, is included in psychology . It is a field of study that bridges the scientific and social sciences and has a huge reach.

Eight types of psychology to consider a career in include: abnormal, biopsychology, social, cognitive, developmental , personality, forensic and industrial- organizational .

Psychological theories are systems of ideas that can explain certain aspects of human thoughts, behaviors, and emotions. Psychology researchers create these theories to make predictions for future human behaviors or events that may take place if certain behaviors exist .

The history of psychology's opponents , their views, and their contributions closely track the development of psychology. As a counterpoint to the numerous current scientific , theoretical, and social histories of the field, The Critique of Psychology is the first book to explore this alternative history.

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Which word is most opposite in meaning to tenacious (1 point)?

Read the sentence. with a light step, george climbed the stairs to the school dance. what is the adjective phrase in the sentence?

Your answer is: "With a light step"

In a response of two to three sentences, explain how the action described in the following lines helps show Grendel as a monster. "But on earliest occasion he quickly laid hold of A soldier asleep, suddenly tore him, Bit his bone–prison, the blood drank in currents, Swallowed in mouthfuls: he soon had the dead man's Feet and hands, too, eaten entirely."

Details : In a response of two to three sentences, explain how the action described

9. In which sentence is the meaning of the word pcrsimony A. The Devil carried Tom off forever on his black horse. Tom and his wife were equally greedy for riches. C. The other worshippers suspected Tom's false prayers. D. Tom built a mansion but spent little to furnish it

NEED HELP ASAP!! 1A.Blogging is an example of: A.self-publishing B.traditional publishing 1B.Publishing a novel through a publishing company is an example of: A.self-publishing B.traditional publishing 2.What is copyright? A. The right to use another’s work without permission B. Use of another’s work with out permission C. The right of ownership over writing,music,or art D.None of the above 3.In creative writing a manuscript is A. Where the authors name is listed B.brief biography about the author C.person who decides what to publish and who edits writing d.document submitted for publication 4.Which step is not included in the student publishing process? A.revising the piece B.publishing your piece C.submitting to a literacy journal D.submitting to a class anthology 5.If you copy a DVD and posted it in sections on YouTube and give credit to the producer of the movie ,this would be considered: A.copyright infringement B.plagiarism C.neither of the above D.both of the above 6.If you use a few lines from a published song in the story you put into the class anthology and add a note at the end giving credit to the songwriter, this would be considered : A.copyright infringement B.plagiarism C.neither of the above D.both of the above

1A. A, self-publishing

1B. B, traditional publishing

2. C, the right of ownership over writing, music, or art

3. D, document submitted for publication

4. C, submitting to a literacy journal

5. A, copyright infringement

6. C, neither of the above

Which of the following is an example of how to identify with your audience? a. point out similar experiences b. identify shared cultural background c. identify similar values d. all of the above I'll give brainliest plz

all of the above

took the test

HELP HELP ASAP! 1A.Blogging is an example of: A.self-publishing B.traditional publishing 1B.Publishing a novel through a publishing company is an example of: A.self-publishing B.traditional publishing 2.What is copyright? A. The right to use another’s work without permission B. Use of another’s work with out permission C. The right of ownership over writing,music,or art D.None of the above 3.In creative writing a manuscript is A. Where the authors name is listed B.brief biography about the author C.person who decides what to publish and who edits writing d.document submitted for publication 4.Which step is not included in the student publishing process? A.revising the piece B.publishing your piece C.submitting to a literacy journal D.submitting to a class anthology 5.If you copy a DVD and posted it in sections on YouTube and give credit to the producer of the movie ,this would be considered: A.copyright infringement B.plagiarism C.neither of the above D.both of the above 6.If you use a few lines from a published song in the story you put into the class anthology and add a note at the end giving credit to the songwriter, this would be considered : A.copyright infringement B.plagiarism C.neither of the above D.both of the above

Blogging is an example of self-publishing . Publishing a novel through a publishing company is an example of self-publishing. Thus, the correct option is 1A(A), 1B(B), 2(C), 3(D), 4(B), 5(A), 6(C).

What do you mean by self-publishing?

An author who self-publishes does so without the assistance of a traditional book publisher. As a result, the author is able to maintain complete control over all creative choices, publishing expenses, and royalty earnings.

In traditional book publishing, the author is given a contract by the publisher, who then prints , publishes , and sells the book to booksellers and other retailers . In essence, the publisher purchases the right to publish your book and gives you a cut of the profits.

Therefore, from the following sentences:

• Blogging is an example of self-publishing.
• Publishing a novel through a publishing company is an example of traditional publishing.
• The right of ownership over writing, music, or art is copyright .
• In creative writing a manuscript is document submitted for publication.
• Publishing your piece step is not included in the student publishing process.
• If you copy a DVD and posted it in sections  and give credit to the producer of the movie ,this would be considered copyright infringement.
• If you use a few lines from a published song in the story you put into the class anthology and add a note at the end giving credit to the songwriter, this would be considered neither of the above .

To know more about the self-publishing, visit:

https://brainly.com/question/11611330

Details : HELP HELP ASAP!1A.Blogging is an example of:A.self-publishing B.traditional

Based on her description, the reader can tell Morris is envious of her friend because her friend

C. lives without the burden of things

Select the word or words that would correctly complete the following sentence. Do lentils cook _____ than pinto beans? most quickly more quicker more quickly most quickest

The words that would correctly complete the sentence are the following ones:

more quickly.

The sentence will be like this:

Do lentils cook more quickly than pinto beans?

The sentence is an example of comparative of superiority, since two kinds of food- lentils and pinto beans- are being compared to each other in the sense that one can be "more" than the other one in some aspect- here, the one that cooks more quickly.

In terms of structure, "more quickly" is the way to go, since quickly is an adverb of manner which has more than one syllable and because of that needs to be preceded by "more" in a comparative sentence.

"Most quickly" and "most quickest" do not make sense here, since both are in superlative form, not comparative. Besides, there are grammar inaccuracies there.

"More quicker", in spite of being in comparative form, is grammatically incorrect, since the adjective "quick" has a single syllable, and because of that would not need to be preceded by "more" in a comparative sentence, since the suffix "er" already does its job.

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Gerund-Full Infinitive-Bare Infinitive (P2)

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Gerund-Full Infinitive-Bare Infinitive

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