journal article citation apa 7th edition

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APA Style (7th Edition) Citation Guide: Journal Articles

Introduction
Journal Articles
Magazine/Newspaper Articles
Books & Ebooks
Government & Legal Documents
Biblical Sources
Secondary Sources
Films/Videos/TV Shows
How to Cite: Other
Additional Help

Journal article from library database with doi - one author, journal article from library database with doi - multiple authors, journal article from a website - one author.

Journal Article- No DOI

Note: All citations should be double spaced and have a hanging indent in a Reference List.

A "hanging indent" means that each subsequent line after the first line of your citation should be indented by 0.5 inches.

This Microsoft support page contains instructions about how to format a hanging indent in a paper.

APA 7th. ed. Journal Article Reference Checklist

If an item has no author, start the citation with the article title.

When an article has one to twenty authors, all authors' names are cited in the References List entry. When an article has twenty-one or more authors list the first nineteen authors followed by three spaced ellipse points (. . .) , and then the last author's name. Rules are different for in-text citations; please see the examples provided.

Cite author names in the order in which they appear on the source, not in alphabetical order (the first author is usually the person who contributed the most work to the publication).

Italicize titles of journals, magazines and newspapers. Do not italicize or use quotation marks for the titles of articles.

Capitalize only the first letter of the first word of the article title. If there is a colon in the article title, also capitalize the first letter of the first word after the colon.

If an item has no date, use the short form n.d. where you would normally put the date.

Volume and Issue Numbers

Italicize volume numbers but not issue numbers.

Retrieval Dates

Most articles will not need these in the citation. Only use them for online articles from places where content may change often, like a free website or a wiki.

Page Numbers

If an article doesn't appear on continuous pages, list all the page numbers the article is on, separated by commas. For example (4, 6, 12-14)

Library Database

Do not include the name of a database for works obtained from most academic research databases (e.g. APA PsycInfo, CINAHL) because works in these resources are widely available. Exceptions are Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, ERIC, ProQuest Dissertations, and UpToDate.

Include the DOI (formatted as a URL: https://doi.org/...) if it is available. If you do not have a DOI, include a URL if the full text of the article is available online (not as part of a library database). If the full text is from a library database, do not include a DOI, URL, or database name.

In the Body of a Paper

Books, Journals, Reports, Webpages, etc.: When you refer to titles of a “stand-alone work,” as the APA calls them on their APA Style website, such as books, journals, reports, and webpages, you should italicize them. Capitalize words as you would for an article title in a reference, e.g., In the book Crying in H Mart: A memoir , author Michelle Zauner (2021) describes her biracial origin and its impact on her identity.

Article or Chapter: When you refer to the title of a part of a work, such as an article or a chapter, put quotation marks around the title and capitalize it as you would for a journal title in a reference, e.g., In the chapter “Where’s the Wine,” Zauner (2021) describes how she decided to become a musician.

The APA Sample Paper below has more information about formatting your paper.

APA 7th ed. Sample Paper

Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication). Title of article: Subtitle if any. Name of Journal, Volume Number (Issue Number), first page number-last page number. https://doi.org/doi number

Smith, K. F. (2022). The public and private dialogue about the American family on television: A second look. Journal of Media Communication, 50 (4), 79-110. https://doi.org/10.1152/j.1460-2466.2000.tb02864.x

Note: The DOI number is formatted as a URL: https://doi.org/10.1152/j.1460-2466.2000.tb02864.xIf.

In-Text Paraphrase:

(Author's Last Name, Year)

Example: (Smith, 2000)

In-Text Quote:

(Author's Last Name, Year, p. Page Number)

Example: (Smith, 2000, p. 80)

Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given., & Last Name of Second Author, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication). Title of article: Subtitle if any. Name of Journal, Volume Number (Issue Number), first page number-last page number. https://doi.org/doi number

Note: Separate the authors' names by putting a comma between them. For the final author listed add an ampersand (&) after the comma and before the final author's last name.

Note: In the reference list invert all authors' names; give last names and initials for only up to and including 20 authors. When a source has 21 or more authors, include the first 19 authors’ names, then three ellipses (…), and add the last author’s name. Don't include an ampersand (&) between the ellipsis and final author.

Note : For works with three or more authors, the first in-text citation is shortened to include the first author's surname followed by "et al."

Reference List Examples

Two to 20 Authors

Case, T. A., Daristotle, Y. A., Hayek, S. L., Smith, R. R., & Raash, L. I. (2011). College students' social networking experiences on Facebook. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 3 (2), 227-238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2008.12.010

21 or more authors

Kalnay, E., Kanamitsu, M., Kistler, R., Collins, W., Deaven, D., Gandin, L., Iredell, M., Saha, J., Mo, K. C., Ropelewski, C., Wang, J., Leetma, A., . . . Joseph, D. (1996). The NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society , 77 (3), 437-471. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1996)077<0437:TNYRP>2.0.CO;2

In-Text Citations

Two Authors/Editors

(Case & Daristotle, 2011)

Direct Quote: (Case & Daristotle, 2011, p. 57)

Three or more Authors/Editors

(Case et al., 2011)

Direct Quote: (Case et al., 2011, p. 57)

Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication). Title of article: Subtitle if any. Name of Journal, Volume Number (Issue Number if given). URL

Flachs, A. (2010). Food for thought: The social impact of community gardens in the Greater Cleveland Area. Electronic Green Journal, 1 (30). http://escholarship.org/uc/item/6bh7j4z4

Example: (Flachs, 2010)

Example: (Flachs, 2010, Conclusion section, para. 3)

Note: In this example there were no visible page numbers or paragraph numbers, in this case you can cite the section heading and the number of the paragraph in that section to identify where your quote came from. If there are no page or paragraph numbers and no marked section, leave this information out.

Journal Article - No DOI

Full-Text Available Online (Not as Part of a Library Database):

Steinberg, M. P., & Lacoe, J. (2017). What do we know about school discipline reform? Assessing the alternatives to suspensions and expulsions. Education Next, 17 (1), 44–52. https://www.educationnext.org/what-do-we-know-about-school-discipline-reform-suspensions-expulsions/

Example: (Steinberg & Lacoe, 2017)

(Author's Last Name, Year, p. Page number)

Example: (Steinberg & Lacoe, 2017, p. 47)

Full-Text Available in Library Database:

Jungers, W. L. (2010). Biomechanics: Barefoot running strikes back. Nature, 463 (2), 433-434.

Example: (Jungers, 2010)

Example: (Jungers, 2010, p. 433)

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Citation Help for APA, 7th Edition: Journal Article

Books & Ebooks
Book Chapter & Ebook Chapter
Conference Presentations
Course Resources (PowerPoint, Handouts, etc.)
Encyclopedia
Journal Article
Legal Materials
Magazine Article
Master's Thesis, Dissertation, or Capstone Project
Movies & Streaming Video
Newspaper Article
Personal Communication (email, interviews, lectures, course materials, etc.)
Webpages & Websites
Formatting Your Paper
In-text Citations
Ethically Use Sources

General Example & Explanation

journal article citation apa 7th edition

Image Credit: American Psychological Association. (2019). APA Style 7th ed. Quick Reference Guide . Copyright American Psychological Association 2019. Image used with permission.

Variation - Multiple Authors?

Multiple Authors - 20 Authors or Less?

List all authors up to and including 20 authors.

Clarke, N., D'Amato, A., Higgs, M., & Ramesh, V. (2018). Responsible leadership in projects: Insights into ethical decision making . Project Management Institute.

Explanation

List each author's last name first followed by a comma. Then, add the initials for the first and middle names (if there is one). Add a period after each initial. Separate each author with a comma. Insert an ampersand (&) before the last author.

Parenthetical & Narrative Citations

For one or two authors, list all authors in the reference. For three or more authors, list the first author followed by et al. This includes the first time the source is used in the paper.

Parenthetical Citation Example

(Clarke et al., 2018)

Narrative Citation Example

Clarke et al. (2018) found ......

Multiple Authors - 21 or More Authors?

List the first 19 authors' names, then insert an ellipse, and then add the last author's name.

Gilbert, J. R., Smith, J. D., Johnson, R. S., Anderson, A., Plath, S., Martin, G., Sorenson, K., Jones, R., Adams, T., Rothbaum, Z., Esty, K., Gibbs, M., Taultson, B., Christner, G, Paulson, L., Tolo, K., Jacobson, W. L., Robinson, R. A., Maurer, O., . . . White, N. (2014 ). Choosing a title (2nd ed.). Unnamed Publishing.

(Gilbert et al., 2014)

Gilbert et al. (2014) ...

More Information

For more information about author format, see Section 9.8 on page 286 of the APA Manual, 7th edition.

Variation - Periodical Information?

In the event there is any missing periodical information (i.e., journal volume, journal issue, or page numbers), then omit this information from the reference.

More Information:

For more information, see Section 9.26 on page 294 of the APA Manual, 7th edition.

Variations - DOIs?

Some DOIs may be long and complicated. APA 7th edition allows the use of shorter DOI numbers. Shortened DOIs can be located at the International DOI Foundations, shortDOI Service .

For more information about DOIs, see Section 9.36 on page 300 of APA Manual, 7th edition.

NOTE: Check your instructor's preference for using short DOIs. Some instructors may want the full DOI.

Variations - URLs?

Some URLs may be long and complicated. APA 7th edition allows the use of shorter URLs. Shortened URLs can be created using any URL shortener service; however, if you choose to shorten the URL, you must double-check that the URL is functioning and brings the reader to the correct website.

Common URL Shortner websites include:

For more information about URLs, see Section 9.36 on page 300 of APA Manual, 7th edition.

NOTE: Check your instructor's preference about using short URLs. Some instructors may want the full URL.

Variations - Live Hyperlinks?

Should my urls be live.

It depends. When adding URLs to a paper or other work, first, be sure to include the full hyperlink. This includes the http:// or the https://. Additionally, consider where and how the paper or work will be published or read. If the work will only be read in print or as a Word doc or Google Doc, then the URLs should not be live (i.e., they are not blue or underlined). However, if the work will be published or read online, then APA advises to include live URLs. This would allow the reader to click on a link and go to the source.

For more information, see Section 9.35 on pages 299-300 of the APA Manual, 7th edition.

NOTE: Check your instructor's preference about using live URLs. Some instructors may not want you to use live URLs.

Introduction

Journal or magazine.

Before citing an article from a periodical, one needs to determine if the article is from a magazine or a scholarly journal. There are two general clues to look to in order to make this determination:

Frequency of publication. Journals are more likely to be monthly, bi-monthly, or quarterly publications. If the periodical is published weekly, then it is a magazine and not a journal.
Pagination. Magazines are generally paginated by issue (i.e., with each new issue the page numbers start over with number one). Oftentimes, scholarly journals are paginated consecutively throughout the volume year. Page numbering does not begin with number one again until the first issue of the next volume year.

Examine your article and determine if it is a magazine article or not. For an article coming from a magazine, see the Magazine Article page. Remember, book reviews and newspaper articles are cited differently from both magazine and journal articles.

Other NEW Important Information in APA, 7th edition:

All journal articles will include the issue number. Regardless, of whether or not the journal is continuously paginated.
All articles coming from an academic database should be treated as a print journal. If the article has a DOI, include the DOI at the end of the reference. If the article does not have a DOI, then omit from the reference.
If periodical information (e.g., volume number, issue number, page range) is missing, omit this information from the reference.

For more information about articles and periodicals, see Sections 9.25 and 9.26 on page 294 as well as Section 10.1 and the examples on pages 316-321 of the APA Manual, 7th edition.

Journal Article with DOI

Kennedy, A. K., Winter, V. R., & Corbin, M. M. (2019). Physical education class and body image perception: Are they related? Physical Educator,

76 (2), 467-484. https://doi.org/10.18666/tpe-2019-v76-i2-8766

Authors: Kennedy, A. K., Winter, V. R., & Corbin, M. M.

Begin the reference with the first author's last name. Add a comma after the author's last name. Then, add the initials of the author's first and middle names (if present). Add a period after each initial. If the author provides a middle name or middle initial, be sure to add a space between the initials. If there are additional authors, add a comma after the first author's middle initial, and proceed to add the other authors using the same format as previously described. Add the authors in the exact order they are listed in the article. Do not change the order of the authors. Before the last author, add an ampersand (&).

Date of Publication: (2019).

Next, in parentheses, add the year the article was published. Add a period after the parentheses.

Title of Article: Physical education class and body image perception: Are they related?

Next, add the title of the article. The title and subtitle (if present) are separated by a colon. Capitalize only the first word of the title and subtitle as well as proper nouns. Add a period after the title. If the title includes a question mark or exclamation mark, replace the period with the appropriate punctuation. Do not put a period after the question mark or exclamation point.

Source Information: Physical Educator, 76 (2), 467-484. https://doi.org/10.18666/tpe-2019-v76-i2-8766

Complete the reference with the source information. In this case, it would be the journal title, the journal volume number, the journal issue number, the page numbers of the article, and the DOI. For the journal title, capitalize all major words in the title, including an initial article (e.g., The, A, An). Do not capitalize prepositions or articles in the middle of a journal title (e.g., of, the, an, etc.). Italicize the journal title. After the journal title, add the journal volume number and be sure to italicize the volume number. Then, add the issue number in parentheses. The parentheses and journal issue are not italicized. Add a comma after the parentheses, and then include the page range of the article (for those articles with designated page numbers on each page of the article). Add a period after the page numbers. Then, add the DOI using the current standard of the DOI, which starts with https://doi.org/

For more information about articles and periodicals, see Sections 9.25 and 9.26 on page 294 as well as Section 10.1 and the examples on pages 316-321 of the APA Manual, 7th edition.

Parenthetical Citation Example:

(Kennedy et al., 2019)

Narrative Citation Example:

Kennedy et al. (2019) outlined ...

If a source has 3 or more authors, list the first author followed by et al. Follow this format even when using the source for the first time in the document. For more information about author format in parenthetical and narrative citations, see Section 8.17 and Table 8.1 on page 266 of the APA Manual, 7th edition.

Print Journal Article or Article from an Academic Database without DOI

Rush, M. A., Skora, J. I., Lawrence, J. H., & D'Aurora Richardson, L. (2019). Health care's new wilderness: The intersection of telehealth

and ancillary services. Journal of Health Care Compliance, 21 (3), 5-16.

Authors: Rush, M. A., Skora, J. I., Lawrence, J. H., & D'Aurora Richardson, L.

Next, in parentheses, add the year of publication. Add a period after the parentheses.

Title of Article: Health care's new wilderness: The intersection of telehealth and ancillary services.

Source Information: Journal of Health Care Compliance, 21 (3), 5-16.

Complete the reference with the source information. In this case, it would be the journal title, the journal volume number, the journal issue number, and the page numbers of the article. For the journal title, capitalize all major words in the title, including an initial article (e.g., The, A, An). Do not capitalize prepositions or articles in the middle of a journal title (e.g., of the, an, etc.). Italicize the journal title. After the journal title, add the journal volume number and be sure to italicize the volume number. Then, add the issue number in parentheses. The parentheses and journal issue are not italicized. Add a comma after the parentheses, and then include the page range of the article (for those articles with designated page numbers on each page of the article). Add a period after the page numbers.

More Information:

(Rush et al., 2019)

Rush et al. (2019) discussed ...

Online Journal Article not from a Database and without DOI

Faggella-Luby, M., Gelbar, N., Dukes, L., III, Madaus, J., Lalor, A., & Lombardi, A. (2019). Learning strategy instruction for college

students with disabilities: A systematic review of the literature. Journal of Postsecondary Education and Disability, 32 (1), 63-61.

https://www.ahead.org/professional-resources/publications/jped/archived-jped/jped-volume-32

Authors: Faggella-Luby, M. Gelbar, N., Dukes, L., III, Madaus, J. Lalor, A., & Lombardi, A.

Begin the reference with the first author's last name, Add a comma after the author's last name. Then, add the initials of the author's first and middle names (if present). Add a period after each initial. If the author provides a middle name or middle initial, be sure to add a space between the initials. If there are additional authors, add a comma after first author's middle initial, and proceed with the other authors using the same format as previously described. Add the authors in the exact order they are listed in the article. Do not change the order of the authors. Before the last author, add an ampersand (&).

Date of Publication: (2019).

Title of article: learning strategy instruction for college students with disabilities: a systematic review of the literature. , source information: journal of postsecondary education and disability, 32 (1), 63-81. https://www.ahead.org/professional-resources/publications/jped/archived-jped/jped-volume-32.

Complete the reference with the source information. In this case, it would be the journal title, the journal volume number, the journal issue number, and the page numbers of the article. For the journal title, capitalize all major words in the title, including an initial article (e.g., The, A, An). Do not capitalize prepositions or articles in the middle of a journal title (e.g., of, the, an, etc.). Italicize the journal title. After the journal title, add the journal volume number and be sure to italicize the volume number. Then, add the issue number in parentheses. The parentheses and journal issue are not italicized. Add a comma after the parentheses, and then include the page range of the article (for those articles with designated page numbers on each page of the article. Add a period after the page numbers. Then, add the URL to the journal article.

More Information:

(Faggella-Luby et al., 2019)

Faggella-Luby et al. (2019) reiterated the importance .....

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APA Citation Guide (7th edition) : Journal Articles

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Volume, issue, and number in a journal citation, journal article from library database with doi - one author, journal article from library database with doi - two to twenty authors, journal article from library database no doi - one author, journal article from library database no doi - two to twenty authors, journal article from a website - one author, journal article in print - one author, when you have 21 or more authors, in-text citation for two or more authors/editors, works by the same author with the same year, in-text citation for group or corporate authors, what is a doi.

DOI Numbers in Library Databases

Some electronic content is assigned a unique number called a Digital Object Identifier (DOI). If a DOI is provided for a journal article, include it after the page numbers of the article as a hyperlink - https://doi.org/xxxxx

You do not need to put a period after a DOI number.

Hanging Indents:

All citations should be double spaced and have a hanging indent in a Reference List.

A "hanging indent" means that each subsequent line after the first line of your citation should be indented by 0.5 inches.

Hyperlinks:

It is acceptable for hyperlinks to be blue and underlined (live) or black without underlining.

All hyperlinks must include https://

Do not put a period after DOIs or hyperlinks.

How Do I Know If It's a Journal?

Photo from Flickr under Creative Commons license, created by the.Firebottle

Not sure whether your article is from a journal? Look for these characteristics:

Main purpose is often to report results of original search
Articles usually have a very narrow, technical subject focus
May see labeled sections such as the abstract, discussion, results, and conclusion
Author of the article is an expert or specialist in the field and often their credentials are listed
Article is intended for students, scientists, researchers and/or professionals instead of the general public
Usually includes a References list at the end

Articles may also come from magazines or newspapers .

Today, scientific articles can have many authors due to large-scale experiments run by large teams. In some research areas, an article can even have hundreds of authors! Generally, the first author is considered the lead author, so when citing it is important not to change the order co-authors are listed in. For details on how to balance efficiency and accuracy when citing academic articles with long lists of authors, see the various examples on this page.

Italicize titles of journals, magazines and newspapers. Do not italicize the titles of articles.

Capitalize only the first letter of the first word of the article title. If there is a colon in the article title, also capitalize the first letter of the first word after the colon.

If an item has no date, use the short form n.d. where you would normally put the date.

Volume and Issue Numbers

Italicize volume numbers but not issue numbers

Retrieval Dates

Most articles will not need these in the citation. Only use them for online articles from places where content may change often, such as a social media site like Academia.edu.

Page Numbers

If an article doesn't appear on continuous pages, list all the page numbers the article is on, separated by commas. For example (4, 6, 12-14)

Author's Last N ame, First Initial. Second Initial if Given., & Last Name of Second Author, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication). Title of article: Subtitle if any. Name of Journal, Volume Number (Issue Number), first page number-last page number. https://doi.org/DOInumber

Note : Separate the authors' names by putting a comma between them. For the final author listed add an ampersand (&) after the comma and before the final author's last name.

Note : The APA Manual (7th ed.) recommends not including the database or the URL of the journal home page for online articles without a DOI.

Note : In the reference list invert all authors' names; give last names and initials for only up to and including twenty authors. When a source has twenty-one or more authors, include the first twenty authors’ names, then three ellipses (…), and add the last author’s name.

Note: The APA Manual (7th ed.) recommends not including the library database for journal articles without a DOI as these works are widely available.

Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication). Title of article: Subtitle if any. Name of Journal, Volume Number (Issue Number if given). URL

When a journal article has twenty-one or more authors:

References List

List the first nineteen authors followed by three spaced ellipse points (. . .) , and then the last author's name.

When you are citing two different sources that share the same author and year of publication, assign lowercase letters after the year of publication (a, b, c, etc.). Assign these letters according to which title comes first alphabetically. Use these letters in both in-text citations and the Reference list.

Example In-Text :

Paraphrasing content from first source by this author (Daristotle, 2015a). "Now I am quoting from the second source by the same author" (Daristotle, 2015b, p. 50).

Example Reference List entries:

Daristotle, J. (2015a). Name of first article . Made Up Journal, 26 (39), 18-19.

Daristotle, J. (2015b). Title of second article. Another Made Up Journal, 35 (1), 48-55.

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APA Citation Guide (7th Edition): Journal, Magazine and Newspaper Articles

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How Can I Tell If It's a Journal?

How to Identify Articles

Use the University Libraries Quick How-To guides on finding and identifying types of articles for research.

Scholarly and Peer-Reviewed Articles

Use this Quick How-To guide to investigate if your journal is peer reviewed.

Journal Article with a DOI (with 1 and 2 Authors)

Author, A. A. (Year). Title of article. Title of Periodical , V olume (Issue), #-#. https://doi.org/xx.xxx/yyyy

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title of article. Title of Periodical, Volume (Issue), #-#. https://doi.org/xx.xxx/yyyy

Bailey, N. W. (2012). Evolutionary models of extended phenotypes. Trends in Ecology & Evolution , 27 (3), 561-569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2012.05.011

Baker, T., & Clark, J. (2011). Educational equity in ethnically diverse group work. Intercultural Education, 22 (5), 411-422. https://doi.org/10.1080/14675986.2011.643138

Journal Article with 3 to 20 Authors

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., Author, C. C., & Author, D. D. (Year). Title of article Subtitle if any. Title of Periodical , volume (issue), #-#. URL

Ahmann, E., Tuttle, L. J., Saviet, M., & Wright, S. D. (2018). A descriptive review of ADHD coaching research: Implications for college students. Journal of Postsecondary Education and Disability , 31 (1), 17-39. https://www.ahead.org/professional-resources/publications/jped/archived-ped/jped-volume-31

Journal Article with 21+ Authors

First 19 authors., . . . Last author.

Note: After the first 19 authors' names, use an ellipsis (. . .) in place of the remaining author names. Then, end with the final author's name. There should be a maximum of 20 authors included in the reference list entry).

Lubin, D., Zhang, D., Silber, I., Scott, R. C., Kalogeras, P., Battaglia, A., Bromwich, D. H., Cadeddu, M., Eloranta, E., Fridlind, A., Frossard, A., Hines, K. M., Kneifel, S., Leaitch, W. R., Lin, W., Nicolas, J., Powers, H., Quinn, P. K., Rowe, P., . . . Vogelmann, A. M. (2020). AWARE: The atmospheric radiation measurement (ARM) West Antarctic radiation experiment. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 101 (7), E1069-E1091. https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-18-0278.1

Journal Article Without a DOI with a Nondatabase URL

Author, A. A. (Year). Title of article. Title of Periodical , Volume (Issue), #-#. URL

Stamps, D. (2019). Is it really representation? A qualitative analysis of Asian and Latino characterizations in broadcast television. American Communication Journal, 21 (1), 1-12. http://www.ac-journal.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Stamps-.pdf

Journal Article from a Print Source

Author, A. A. (Year). Title of article: Subtitle if any. Title of Periodical, Volume (Issue), #-#. DOI if available

Jungers, W. L. (2010). Biomechanics: Barefoot running strikes back. Nature , 463 (7280), 433-434.

Note : APA 7 advises writers to include a DOI (if available), even when using the print source. The example above assumes no DOI is available.

Magazine Article

Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day). Title of article. Title of Periodical , Volume (Issue) [if available], URL

Waxman, O. B. (2016, December 20). When does winter start? It depends on what you mean by 'winter.' Time Magazine , http://time.com/4607873/2016-first-day-of-winter-solstice

Newspaper Article

Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day). Title of article. Title of Periodical , #-# [if available]. URL [if online]

Belluck, P. (2020, July 28). Amazing, isn't it. Long sought blood test for Alzheimer's in reach. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/28/health/alzheimers-blood-test.html?action=click&module=Top%20Stories&pgtype=Homepage

Journal, Magazine, or Newspaper Article Without a DOI, from Most Academic Research Databases or Print Version

Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day). Title of article. Title of Periodical , Volume (Issue), #-# [if available].

Bogan, E., & Paun, E. (2011). The assimilation of immigrants into the British labor market. Geopolitics, History, and International Relations , 3 (2), 272.

Note : Do not include the database name or URL. See Section 9.30 for more on excluding or including database information in references.

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Apa citation guide (apa 7th edition): journal articles.

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Standard journal article with a DOI

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Journal article from a Database:

Journal article from the Web:

Refer to the Authors page for guidance on referencing articles depending on the number of authors .

Do not include a URL for a journal article only available within an academic research database.

Give only the year for the date (but note that other types of periodicals, such as Newspapers, have different date requirements).

No volume or issue number

Not all journals will have both a volume and an issue numbers. If this information is unavailable, skip it and move to the next part of the pattern. Keep the formatting for the parts of the pattern that you do have. For example, if you only have a volume number, it should be in italics ; if you only have an issue number, it should be in (brackets).

Prinsloo, C. (2018). Students’ intrinsic perspectives on the diverse functions of short stories beyond language learning. System, 74 , 87-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2018.02.019

Article numbers

Some online only journals have article numbers. Often, these journals start every article at page 1, so page numbers are irrelevant. For journals with article numbers, put the article number in the place of the page numbers, after the word "Article":

Kitts-Morgan, S. E., Caires, K. C., Bohannon, L. A., Parsons, E. I., & Hilburn, K. A. (2015). Free-ranging farm cats: Home range size and predation on a livestock unit in northwest Georgia. PLoS ONE, 10 (4), Article e0120513. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0120513

Special page numbers

If your page number contains letters (such as S12-S23 or A118-A125) write the page numbers exactly as they appear on the page - including the letters - both in text and in your reference list.

Kruger, D. J., Fisher, M. L., Strout, S. L., Clark, S., Lewis, S., & Wehbe, M. (2014). Pride and prejudice or family and flirtation? Jane Austen's depiction of women's mating strategies. Philosophy and Literature, 38 (1), A114-A128. https://doi.org/10.1353/phl.2014.0029

Present both DOIs and URLs as hyperlinks (i.e., beginning with "http://" or "https://"). Links should be live if the work is to be published or read online.

The current format to be used for DOIs is: "https://doi.org/", eg. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0040251

Do not place a full stop after the DOI or URL.

APA prefers short DOIs and URLs. If you need to shorten the DOI, use the short DOI service http://shortdoi.org as only one short DOI is created for a particular DOI. If you need to shorten a URL, any URL shortening service that links to the correct resource is acceptable, eg. Bitly URL Shortener .

Never use a URL like this:

http://jcu.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1LT8MwDLYYXJAQ70dhQzlxYixpw9KAEJrQJkA8JATnKk1SxA4F0U3i52N33QtpNy69pI0Ux3G_2J9tgCg8480_ NsFnofUp91z6MDZximrjJULvmHuVZsbMJ8xN6FAl950s5TTFwXx9FS33aVsdKWIe65DrVuf5qXs901BjeNUnimliEafWYEVEMqKuDned52mAQZRtSPAHSIwiyuH5E3ZeZKJLc9vbgDHZyY-dg307nE3emSvo-A_r2IT1CqKyzkintmDJ59uw_1A5Ngt2wh4mtZiLHbjs_nwM2LjKrS8u2L3JPSMnis9P2aP5Rh1_ 96fM5I6VfTZQ5Vm3IObVLrz1uq83t82qJUPTIk4QTU14S2WKqzDKNF43TGxdW7cNVyYN2- cms-fSUAUfbdppLCJ8HZ9OeeVQ1DzagzVD1P18UKb4uQNgPHJa6VRnwqUyxYlEppRTkRIG8QiXARzPb01iKCaTvJQebbzPBbBPsk3oSOJibTKRaACN8e7hR-Q7soMioYpBIdVREwHUJ-PV2aVhBC1aCikOF058BKuInOTIF1OH5cH30DeghjrwC61y4bM

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APA 7th Edition Citation Style Guide

Basics & Help

Journal article

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General Rule:

Last-name, First-initial. (Year). Title of article. Title of Journal, Volume (Issue), Pages. DOI link

Madigan, R., Johnson, S., & Linton, P. (1995). The language of psychology: APA style as

epistemology. American Psychologist, 50 (6), 428-436. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.50.6.428

What is a DOI, and where do I find it?

DOI stands for digital object identifier. It is a unique ID number ideally given to all digitized journal articles and ebooks. The DOI is listed along with the article citation in many databases. DOI numbers are also sometimes found on the first page of an article PDF. Alternately, DOI numbers can be found by searching the Crossref website http://www.crossref.org/guestquery/

What if I can’t find a DOI?

If no DOI is available for an article that is widely available, such as an article found in a academic research database or in a print journal, end the citation with the page numbers. If the article does not have a DOI but is freely available on a website, include the URL for the work.

Example of an article citation without a DOI from a database or in print:

Cuddy, C. (2002). Demystifying APA style. Orthopedic Nursing, 21 (5), 35-42.

Example of an article without a DOI from a website:

Akin, E. (2014). In Defense of "Mindless Rote." Nonpartisan Education Review, 10 (2), 1-13.

https://nonpartisaneducation.org/Review/Resources/MindlessRote.pdf

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APA 7th Referencing

Journal Articles

APA 7th Referencing: Journal Articles

In-text referencing
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Sample Reference List

Author or authors. The surname is followed by first initials.
Year of publication of the article (in round brackets).
Article title.
Journal title (in italics ).
Volume of journal (in italics ).
Issue number of journal in round brackets (no italics).
Page range of article.
DOI or URL
The first line of each citation is left adjusted. Every subsequent line is indented 5-7 spaces.

Example:

Ruxton, C. (2016). Tea: Hydration and other health benefits. Primary Health Care , 26 (8), 34-42. https://doi.org/10.7748/phc.2016.e1162

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APA 7th Edition Citation Guide Articles

Journal articles.

Journal articles, whether they are print or electronic, follow the same format. Fill in as much information as you can, but do not worry if you cannot find all of the potential information.

At the end of your citation, include a hyperlink to the article (preferably with the DOI number). Make sure the link is black and not underlined.

If you found the article in a library database and it does not have a DOI, do not include a hyperlink.

Reference Page Format:

Author, A. A. (Year of Publication). Title of the article. Title of the Journal, volume number (issue number), pages. https://doi.org/xx.xxx/yyyy

Reference Page Example:

Ngaya-An, F. V., De Torres, R. Q., Tejero, L. M. S., & Pacquiao, D. F. (2021). Significance of home visiting in providing care to Filipino mothers and their infants during the postpartum period. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 32 (5), 551-557. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1043659620959703

In-text Citation Examples:

Ngaya-An et al. (2021) shares that ... ...( Ngaya-An et al., 2021 ). ...( Ngaya-An et al., 2021 , p. 554).

Website Articles

Webpage article citations list the author, date, page title, site name, and hyperlink.

If there is no specific author listed, use the name of the organization or website name. If the author is the same as the website name, you do not need to list it the second time. Only use a 'Retrieved on" date if the page is likely to change over time.

Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day). Title of webpage . Website name. Hyperlink

Telnaes, A. (2022, October 4). The inspiring women of Iran. The Washington Post . https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2022/10/04/iran-women-protest-mahsa-amini/

According to Telnaes (2022), ... ...(Telnaes , 2022 ). ...(Telnaes , 2022, para. 15).

Newspaper Articles

Newspaper articles are very similar to journal articles. However, newspapers involve citing the exact date (not just the year) and do not have volume numbers. Include a hyperlink to the article if you found it online or page numbers if you found it in print. Make sure the link is black and not underlined.

Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day). Title of the article. Title of the Newspaper , pages. https://www.newspaper...

Prather, S. (2021, May 6). Job training program restores historic St. Paul home. The Star Tribune . https://www.startribune.com/job-training-program-restores-historic-st-paul-home/600170958 /

Prather (2022) shares that ... ...( Prather, 2022 ). ...(Prather , 2022 , para. 5).

Encyclopedia and Dictionary Entry

Encyclopedia and dictionary entry citations start with details about the article/entry followed by information about the overall dictionary or encyclopedia. (The word 'In' is put in between the title of the article and that of the larger work.)

If there is not an individual author, use the organization name (ex. Merriam-Webster). Include a hyperlink to the article if you can find one. Make sure the link is black and not underlined.

If you cannot find all the potential information, only include what information you can find. If you have any questions, ask a librarian.

Author, A. A. (Year). Title of the entry. In Editor, A.. & Editor, B. (Eds.) Title of the Encyclopedia , Publisher. Hyperlink

Ananth, M. (2013). Climate change. In R. Chapman, & J. Ciment (Eds.), Culture wars in America: An encyclopedia of issues, viewpoints, and voices (2nd ed.). Routledge.

Anath (2013) shares that ... ...( Anath, 2013 ). ...(Anath , 2013 , para. 5).

Wikipedia Articles

Wikipedia articles are unique because they are constantly being updated. For this reason, you should link to the most recent archived version of the page and use the archived date in your citation. To find archived versions of Wikipedia articles, click on the "View History" tab at the top of the page.

Title of article. (Year, Month Day). In Wikipedia . https://www.en.wikipedia.org...

Non-Euclidean geometry. (2022, February 9). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Non-Euclidean_geometry&oldid=1070738619

According to "Non-Euclidean Geometry" (2022) ... ...( "Non-Euclidean Geometry," 2022 ). ...( "Non-Euclidean Geometry," 2022 , Importance section).

Lippincott Advisor

Since Lippincott Advisor articles do not list specific authors, use the organization name as the Author.

Lippincott Advisor articles are updated frequently, so add "Retrieved [Month Day, Year]" between the Website Name and Hyperlink to indicate when you accessed the article.

Group or Organization. (Year, Month Day). Title of entry . Retrieved [Month Day, Year], from Hyperlink

Lippincott Advisor. (2022, July 8). Alopecia . Retrieved October 3, 2022, from https://advisor.lww.com/lna/document.do?bid=4&did=909550

According to Lippincott Advisor (2022) ... ...(Lippincott Advisor, 2022).

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Reference List: Articles in Periodicals

Welcome to the Purdue OWL

This page is brought to you by the OWL at Purdue University. When printing this page, you must include the entire legal notice.

Copyright ©1995-2018 by The Writing Lab & The OWL at Purdue and Purdue University. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, reproduced, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without permission. Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our terms and conditions of fair use.

Note: This page reflects the latest version of the APA Publication Manual (i.e., APA 7), which released in October 2019. The equivalent resource for the older APA 6 style can be found here .

Please note: the following contains a list of the most commonly cited periodical sources. For a complete list of how to cite periodical publications, please refer to the 7 th edition of the APA Publication Manual.

APA style dictates that authors are named with their last name followed by their initials; publication year goes between parentheses, followed by a period. The title of the article is in sentence-case, meaning only the first word and proper nouns in the title are capitalized. The periodical title is run in title case, and is followed by the volume number which, with the title, is also italicized. If a DOI has been assigned to the article that you are using, you should include this after the page numbers for the article. If no DOI has been assigned and you are accessing the periodical online, use the URL of the website from which you are retrieving the periodical.

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Title of article. Title of Periodical , volume number (issue number), pages. https://doi.org/xx.xxx/yyyy

Article in Print Journal

Scruton, R. (1996). The eclipse of listening. The New Criterion, 15 (3), 5 – 13.

Note: APA 7 advises writers to include a DOI (if available), even when using the print source. The example above assumes no DOI is available.

Article in Electronic Journal

As noted above, when citing an article in an electronic journal, include a DOI if one is associated with the article.

Baniya, S., & Weech, S. (2019). Data and experience design: Negotiating community-oriented digital research with service-learning. Purdue Journal of Service-Learning and International Engagement , 6 (1), 11 – 16. https://doi.org/10.5703/1288284316979

DOIs may not always be available. In these cases, use a URL. Many academic journals provide stable URLs that function similarly to DOIs. These are preferable to ordinary URLs copied and pasted from the browser's address bar.

Denny, H., Nordlof, J., & Salem, L. (2018). "Tell me exactly what it was that I was doing that was so bad": Understanding the needs and expectations of working-class students in writing centers. Writing Center Journal , 37 (1), 67 – 98. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26537363

Note that, in the example above, there is a quotation in the title of the article. Ordinary titles lack quotation marks.

Article in a Magazine

Peterzell, J. (1990, April). Better late than never. Time, 135 (17), 20 –2 1.

Article in a Newspaper

Schultz, S. (2005, December 28). Calls made to strengthen state energy policies. The Country Today , 1A, 2A.

Baumeister, R. F. (1993). Exposing the self-knowledge myth [Review of the book The self-knower: A hero under control , by R. A. Wicklund & M. Eckert]. Contemporary Psychology , 38 (5), 466–467.

APA Citation Guide (7th edition) : Journal Articles

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What is a DOI?

How do i know if it's a journal.

Examples (Journal Article From Library Database with DOI):

Two to Twenty Authors

Examples (Journal Article From Library Database no DOI):

In-Text Citation:

Two or More Authors
Group or Corporate Authors

More Examples:

Journal Article From a Website - One Author

Journal Article in Print - One Author
When You Have Twenty-one or More Authors

Works by the Same Author with the Same Year

DOI Numbers in Library Databases

You do not need to put a period after a DOI number.

Photo from Flickr under Creative Commons license, created by the.Firebottle

Not sure whether your article is from a journal? Look for these characteristics:

Main purpose is often to report results of original search
Articles usually have a very narrow, technical subject focus
May see labeled sections such as the abstract, discussion, results, and conclusion
Author of the article is an expert or specialist in the field and often their credentials are listed
Article is intended for students, scientists, researchers and/or professionals instead of the general public
Usually includes a References list at the end

Articles may also come from magazines and newspapers .

Italicize titles of journals, magazines and newspapers. Do not italicize the titles of articles.

Capitalize only the first letter of the first word of the article title. If there is a colon in the article title, also capitalize the first letter of the first word after the colon.

If an item has no date, use the short form n.d. where you would normally put the date.

Volume and Issue Numbers

Italicize volume numbers but not issue numbers

Retrieval Dates

Most articles will not need these in the citation. Only use them for online articles from places where content may change often, such as a social media site like Academia.edu.

Page Numbers

If an article doesn't appear on continuous pages, list all the page numbers the article is on, separated by commas. For example (4, 6, 12-14)

Hanging Indents:

All citations should be double spaced and have a hanging indent in a Reference List.

A "hanging indent" means that each subsequent line after the first line of your citation should be indented by 0.5 inches.

Hyperlinks:

It is acceptable for hyperlinks to be blue and underlined (live) or black without underlining.

All hyperlinks must include https://

Do not put a period after DOIs or hyperlinks.

Journal Article From Library Database with DOI - One Author

Bailey, N.W. (2012). Evolutionary models of extended phenotypes. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 27 (3), 561-569. https://doi.org/10.1037/rev0000126

(Author's Last Name, Year)

Example: (Bailey, 2012)

(Author's Last Name, Year, p. Page Number)

(Bailey, 2012, p. 562)

Journal Article From Library Database with DOI - Two to Twenty Authors

Note : Separate the authors' names by putting a comma between them. For the final author listed add an ampersand (&) after the comma and before the final author's last name.

Pempek, T.A., Yermolayeva, Y.A., & Calvert, S.L. (2009). College students' social networking experiences on Facebook. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 3 (2) , 227-238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2008.12.010t

Journal Article From Library Database no DOI - One Author

Note : The APA Manual (7th ed.) recommends not including the database or the URL of the journal home page for online articles without a DOI.

Carlisle, D. (2012). In the line of fire. Nursing Standard, 26 (39), 18-19.

Example: (Carlisle, 2012)

Example: (Carlisle, 2012, p. 18)

Journal Article From Library Database no DOI - Two to Twenty Authors

Note: The APA Manual (7th ed.) recommends not including the library database for journal articles without a DOI as these works are widely available.

Bogan, E., & Paun, E. (2011). The assimilation of immigrants into the British labor market. Geopolitics, History, and International Relations, 3 (2), 272.

In-Text Citation For Two or More Authors/Editors

For two authors/editors

(Case & Daristotle, 2011)

(Case & Daristotle, 2011, p. 57)

For more authors/editors

(Case et al., 2011)

(Case et al., 2011, p. 57)

In-Text Citation for Group or Corporate Authors

Groups readily identified through abbreviations

(National Institute of Mental Health [NIMH], 2003)

(NIMH, 2003)

(National Institute of Mental Health [NIMH], 2003, p. 5)

(NIMH, 2003, p. 5)

Groups with no abbreviations

(University of Pittsburgh, 2005)

(University of Pittsburgh, 2005, p. 2)

Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication). Title of article: Subtitle if any. Name of Journal, Volume Number (Issue Number if given). URL

Flachs, A. (2010). Food for thought: The social impact of community gardens in the Greater Cleveland Area. Electronic Green Journal, 1 (30). https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6bh7j4z4

(Flachs, 2010)

Example: (Flachs, 2010, Conclusion section, para. 3)

Note : In this example there were no visible page numbers or paragraph numbers, so you can cite the section heading and the number of the paragraph in that section to identify where your quote came from.

Journal Article In Print - One Author

Jungers, W.L. (2010). Biomechanics: Barefoot running strikes back. Nature, 463 (2), 433-434.

Example: (Jungers, 2010)

(Author's Last Name, Year, p. Page number)

Example: (Jungers, 2010, p. 433)

When You Have 21 or More Authors

When a journal article has twenty-one or more authors:

References List

List the first nineteen authors followed by three spaced ellipse points (. . .) , and then the last author's name.

Kalnay, E., Kanamitsu, M., Kistler, R., Collins, W., Deaven, D., Gandin, L., Iredell, M., Sha, S., White, G., Woollen, J., Zhu, Y., Chelliah, M., Ebisuzaki, W., Higgins, W., Janowiak, J., Mo, K. C., Ropepelewski, C., Wang, J., Leetmaa, A., ... Joesph, D. (1996). The NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society , 77(3), 437-471. https://doi.org/fg6rf9

(First author's last name et al., Year)

Example: (Nilsson et al., 2016)

(First author's last name et al., Year, p. Page number quote is from)

Example: (Nilsson et al., 2016, p. 103)

Example In-Text :

Paraphrasing content from first source by this author (Daristotle, 2015a). "Now I am quoting from the second source by the same author" (Daristotle, 2015b, p. 50).

Example Reference List entries:

Daristotle, J. (2015a). Name of first article Made Up Journal, 26

Daristotle, J. (2015b). Title of second article. Another Made Up Journal, 35 (1), 48-55.

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APA Style 7th edition

How to Cite in APA Format (7th edition) | Guide & Generator

This citation guide outlines the most important citation guidelines from the 7th edition APA Publication Manual (2020). Scribbr also offers free guides for the older APA 6th edition , MLA Style , and Chicago Style .

Generate accurate APA citations with Scribbr

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Apa in-text citations, apa references, formatting the apa reference page, free lecture slides, frequently asked questions.

In-text citations are brief references in the running text that direct readers to the reference entry at the end of the paper. You include them every time you quote or paraphrase someone else’s ideas or words to avoid plagiarism .

An APA in-text citation consists of the author’s last name and the year of publication (also known as the author-date system). If you’re citing a specific part of a source, you should also include a locator such as a page number or timestamp. For example: (Smith, 2020, p. 170) .

Parenthetical vs. narrative citation

The in-text citation can take two forms: parenthetical and narrative. Both types are generated automatically when citing a source with Scribbr’s APA Citation Generator.

Parenthetical citation: According to new research … (Smith, 2020) .
Narrative citation: Smith (2020) notes that …

Multiple authors and corporate authors

The in-text citation changes slightly when a source has multiple authors or an organization as an author. Pay attention to punctuation and the use of the ampersand (&) symbol.

Missing information

When the author, publication date or locator is unknown, take the steps outlined below.

Prevent plagiarism. Run a free check.

APA references generally include information about the author , publication date , title , and source . Depending on the type of source, you may have to include extra information that helps your reader locate the source.

Reference examples

Citing a source starts with choosing the correct reference format. Use Scribbr’s Citation Example Generator to learn more about the format for the most common source types. Pay close attention to punctuation, capitalization, and italicization.

Generate APA citations for free

It is not uncommon for certain information to be unknown or missing, especially with sources found online. In these cases, the reference is slightly adjusted.

On the first line of the page, write the section label “References” (in bold and centered). On the second line, start listing your references in alphabetical order .

Apply these formatting guidelines to the APA reference page:

Double spacing (within and between references)
Hanging indent of ½ inch
Legible font (e.g. Times New Roman 12 or Arial 11)
Page number in the top right header

Which sources to include

On the reference page, you only include sources that you have cited in the text (with an in-text citation ). You should not include references to personal communications that your reader can’t access (e.g. emails, phone conversations or private online material).

Are you a teacher or professor looking to introduce your students to APA Style? Download our free introductory lecture slides, available for Google Slides and Microsoft PowerPoint.

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Are your APA in-text citations flawless?

The AI-powered APA Citation Checker points out every error, tells you exactly what’s wrong, and explains how to fix it. Say goodbye to losing marks on your assignment!

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When no individual author name is listed, but the source can clearly be attributed to a specific organization—e.g., a press release by a charity, a report by an agency, or a page from a company’s website—use the organization’s name as the author in the reference entry and APA in-text citations .

When no author at all can be determined—e.g. a collaboratively edited wiki or an online article published anonymously—use the title in place of the author. In the in-text citation, put the title in quotation marks if it appears in plain text in the reference list, and in italics if it appears in italics in the reference list. Shorten it if necessary.

When you quote or paraphrase a specific passage from a source, you need to indicate the location of the passage in your APA in-text citation . If there are no page numbers (e.g. when citing a website ) but the text is long, you can instead use section headings, paragraph numbers, or a combination of the two:

(Caulfield, 2019, Linking section, para. 1).

Section headings can be shortened if necessary. Kindle location numbers should not be used in ebook citations , as they are unreliable.

If you are referring to the source as a whole, it’s not necessary to include a page number or other marker.

The abbreviation “ et al. ” (meaning “and others”) is used to shorten APA in-text citations with three or more authors . Here’s how it works:

Only include the first author’s last name, followed by “et al.”, a comma and the year of publication, for example (Taylor et al., 2018).

APA Style usually does not require an access date. You never need to include one when citing journal articles , e-books , or other stable online sources.

However, if you are citing a website or online article that’s designed to change over time, it’s a good idea to include an access date. In this case, write it in the following format at the end of the reference: Retrieved October 19, 2020, from https://www.uva.nl/en/about-the-uva/about-the-university/about-the-university.html

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APA Citation Style, 7th edition: Journal Article with 3–20 Authors

General Style Guidelines
One Author or Editor
Two Authors or Editors
Three to Five Authors or Editors
Article or Chapter in an Edited Book
Article in a Reference Book
Edition other than the First
Translation
Government Publication
Journal Article with 1 Author
Journal Article with 2 Authors
Journal Article with 3–20 Authors
Journal Article 21 or more Authors
Magazine Article
Newspaper Article
Basic Web Page
Web page from a University site
Web Page with No Author
Entry in a Reference Work
Government Document
Film and Television
Youtube Video
Audio Podcast
Electronic Image
Twitter/Instagram
Lecture/PPT
Conferences
Secondary Sources
Citation Support
Avoiding Plagiarism
Formatting Your Paper

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

What is a DOI? A DOI ( digital object identifier ) is a unique alphanumeric string assigned by a registration agency (the International DOI Foundation) to identify content and provide a persistent link to its location on the internet.

NOTE: It is regarded as the most important part of the citation because it will accurately direct users to the specific article.

Think of it as a "digital fingerprint" or an article's DNA!

The rules for DOIs have been updated in the 7th edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association. They should be included as URLs, rather than just the alphanumeric string.

Correct:

http://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-12-114
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-12-114

Incorrect:

doi: 10.1186/1471-2288-12-114
Retrieved from http://doi:10.1186/1471-2288-12-114
FREE DOI Look-up (Cross-Ref)
DOI System: FAQ
Looking up a DOI
DOI Flowchart

Journal Article with Three to Twenty Authors

Helpful Tips:

DOI: If a journal article has a Digital Object Identifier (DOI) listed, you will always include this identifier in your reference as a URL.

Online Database: For works from databases that publish works of limited circulation (such as the ERIC database) or original, proprietary material available only in that database (such as UpToDate), include the name of the database or archive and the URL of the work. If the URL requires a login or is session specific, meaning it will not resolve for readers, provide the URL of the database or specific archive home page or login page instead of the URL for the work.

Print: If you viewed a journal article in its print format , be sure to check if it has a DOI listed. If it does not, your reference to the article would end after you provide the page range of the article.

Date: When possible, include the year, month, and date in references. If the month and date are not available, use the year of publication.

Surnames and initials for up to twenty authors should be provided in the reference list. For more than 20 authors, list the first 19, followed by an ellipsis, then list the final author.

General Format

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase):

(Author Surname et al., Year)

NOTE: The in-text citation for works with three or more authors is shortened to the first author's name, followed by et al. and the year.

In-Text Citation (Quotation):

(Author Surname et al., Year, page number)

References:

Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial., Author Surname, First Initial.Second Initial., & Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year). Article title: Subtitle. Journal Title, Volume (issue), page range. http://doi.org/xx.xxxxxxxxxx

(Westhues et al., 2001)

(Westhues et al., 2001, p. 40)

Westhues, A., Lafrance, J., & Schmidt, G. (2001). A SWOT analysis of social work education in Canada. Social Work Education, 20 (1), 35-56. http://doi.org/10.1080/02615470020028364

(Dietz et al., 2007)

(Dietz et al., 2007, p. 1518)

Dietz, P. M., Williams, S. B., Callaghan, W. M., Bachman, D. J., Whitlock, E. P., & Hornbrook, M. C. (2007). Clinically identified maternal depression before, during, and after pregnancies ending in live births. American Journal of Psychiatry, 164 (10), 1515-1520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.061118936

ePub Ahead of Print

ePub Ahead of Print articles, also labeled Advanced Online Publication articles, may not have a volume number, issue number, or page numbers assigned to them. If you cannot find a fully published version of the article that includes this information, you can cite the article as an advanced online publication, noting its status where you would usually include the volume, issue, and page numbers. If possible, update your reference to the final version of the source when it becomes available.

Muldoon, K., Towse, J., Simms, V., Perra, O., & Menzies, V. (2012). A longitudinal analysis of estimation, counting skills, and mathematical ability across the first school year. Developmental Psychology . Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028240

Subject Guide

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APA 7th Edition Citation Style

Article, Journal (Print)
APA 7th Edition Guide
Annual Report
Article, Journal (with DOI)
Article, Journal (without DOI)
Books and ebooks
Book, Chapter in edited work
ChatGPT or other AI software
Dissertation / Thesis
Dissertation / Thesis (Database)
Newspaper Article
Newspaper Article (Database & Website)
No Author / No Date
Personal communication (emails, interviews, class lectures)
Reference Work: Encyclopedia, Dictionary, Thesarus (Print)
Reference Work: Encyclopedia, Dictionary, Thesarus (Online)
Religious Works
Social Media
Translated Work
Video, Online
Wikipedia Article

Print Journal Article

Reference Example:

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Title of article. Title of Periodical, volume number (issue number), pages.

Jasienski, A. (2020). Converting portraits: repainting as art making in the early modern hispanic world. The Art Bulletin ,

102 (1), 7–30. https://doi.org/10.1080/00043079.2019.1638674

Note: APA 7 advises writers to include a DOI (if available), even when using the print source. The DOI should be a hyperlink. i.e.: https://doi.org/10.1080/00043079.2019.1638674

Proper Bibliographic Reference Format:

Bibliographic references are double-spaced and indented half an inch after the first line.
Use "sentence-style" capitalization for article titles.
Use "heading-style" capitalization for journal titles.

In-Text Citations:

Citations are placed in the context of discussion using the author’s last name and date of publication.

( Jasienski , 2020)

Alternatively, you can integrate the citation into the sentence by means of narrative.

Shelly (2010) found a pattern or occurrence among small earthquakes along California’s San Andreas fault.

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APA Style 7th Edition

Advertisements
Books & eBooks
Book Reviews
Class Notes, Class Lectures and Presentations
Encyclopedias & Dictionaries
Government Documents
Images, Charts, Graphs, Maps & Tables
Journal Articles
Magazine Articles
Newspaper Articles
Personal Communication (Interviews & Emails)
Social Media
Videos & DVDs
What is a DOI?
When Creating Digital Assignments
When Information is Missing
Works Cited in Another Source
In-Text Citation Components
Paraphrasing
Paper Formatting
Citation Basics
Reference List and Sample Papers
Annotated Bibliography
Academic Writer
Plagiarism & Citations

This Resource Guide is an Overview of APA 7th Edition Citation Style.

These guidelines will cover how to set up a student paper in apa format. the 7th edition now has specific formatting for student papers versus a professional paper (i.e. one being submitted for publication)., i f your instructor has requested a different format or additional elements, use your instructor's preferences..

APA Style consists of guidelines published within the 7th edition of The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association .

The APA style is used to cite sources when doing research in the social and behavioral sciences - psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, and education.

Copies of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th edition) are available at the campus libraries.

What's New in the 7th Edition of APA

Below is a summary of the major changes in the 7th edition of the APA Publication Manual.

Essay Format:

Font - While you still can use Times New Roman 12, you are free to use other fonts. Calibri 11, Arial 11, Lucida Sans 10, and Georgia 11 are all acceptable.
Headers - No running headers are required for student papers.
Tables and Figures - There is a standardized format for both tables and figures.

Style, Grammar, Usage:

Singular "they" required in two situations: when used by a known person as their personal pronoun or when the gender of a singular person is not known.
Use only one space after a sentence-ending period.

Citation Style:

Developed the 'Four Elements of a Reference" (Author, Date, Title, Source) to help writers to create references for source types not explicitly examined in the APA Manual.
Three or more authors can be abbreviated to First author, et al. on the first citation.
Up to 20 authors are spelled out in the References List.
Publisher location is not required for books
Ebook platform, format, or device is not required for eBooks.
Library database names are generally not required
No "doi:" prefix, simply include the doi.
All hyperlinks retain the https://
Links can be "live" in blue with underline or black without underlining

Notable Changes in APA 7th Edition

Introducing the 7th ed. APA Style Publication Manual Video

Commonly Used Terms

Citing : The process of acknowledging the sources of your information and ideas.

DOI (doi) : Some electronic content, such as online journal articles, is assigned a unique number called a Digital Object Identifier (DOI or doi). Items can be tracked down online using their doi.

In-Text Citation : A brief note at the point where information is used from a source to indicate where the information came from. An in-text citation should always match more detailed information that is available in the Reference List.

Paraphrasing : Taking information that you have read and putting it into your own words.

Plagiarism : Taking, using, and passing off as your own, the ideas or words of another.

Quoting : The copying of words of text originally published elsewhere. Direct quotations generally appear in quotation marks and end with a citation.

Reference : Details about one cited source.

Reference List : Contains details on ALL the sources cited in a text or essay, and supports your research and/or premise.

Retrieval Date : Used for websites where content is likely to change over time (e.g. Wikis), the retrieval date refers to the date you last visited the website.

Additional Links

American Psychological Association On this site, you will find tutorials, FAQs, and other resources to help you improve your writing, master APA Style, and learn the conventions of scholarly publishing.
OWL @ Purdue Purdue University Writing Lab has an excellent online writing guide for APA style.

Acknowledgement

This guide was created with information and citation examples taken from APA Citation Guide (7th Edition) Columbia College, Vancouver, CA, Stafford Library APA 7th Edition, Columbia College, Columbia, MO, APA (7th Edition) Citation Guide, Lawrence W. Tyree Library, Santa Fe College, Gainesville, Florida and are used with permission.

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Information

Mgt 5510 - managing organizational structure.

Citing Sources from Business-Specific Databases in APA
MGT 5510 -- Shankland
Management Research Guide

APA 7th edition Examples - Journal & Magazine Articles

Journal Article with a DOI and Multiple Authors

Currie, J., DellaVigna, S., Moretti, E., & Pathania, V. (2010). The effect of fast food restaurants on obesity and weight gain. American Economic Journal.Economic Policy, 2 (3), 32-63. https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.2.3.32

In-Text Citation: (Currie, DellaVigna, Moretti & Pathania, 2010) for the first use and then (Currie et al., 2010) for all further uses

Note: With 2 authors, always use both. With 3-5 authors, use all of them for the first in-text citation but then use FirstAuthorName et al.for any other in-text citations. With 6 or more authors, Use FirstAuthorName et al. for all in-test citations

Journal Article with a DOI but No author

Innovating the franchise model. (2018). Strategic Direction , 34 (11), 17–19. https://doi.org/10.1108/SD-08-2018-0177

In-Text Citation: ("Innovating", 2018)

Note: If the item does not have an author, use the first word or two in the parentheses. Titles of books and reports are italicized; titles of articles, chapters, and web pages are in quotation marks

Note: When citing an article retrieved from an online database that does not have a DOI, use the appropriate print citation. If the item was difficult to retrieve, you can provide a more thorough citation by providing the item number, accession number or the text Retrieved from DtabaseName database. You should not include retrieval dates.

Journal Article without a DOI

Azim, P., & Azim, S. (2012). Impact of constructive marketing strategies on return (revenue & profitability): A case study of McDdonald's. Journal of Asian Business Strategy, 2 (7), 153.

In-Text Citation: (Azim & Azim, 2012)

Magazine Article

Maze, J. (2017, August). Fast food is not dead. Nation's Restaurant News , 51(11). 14-15.

In-Text Citation: (Maze, 2017)

APA 7th edition Examples - Annual Reports

Annual Report from Company Website :

Company Name. (Date of Publication). Title of report . http://www.xxxxxxxx

McDonald's Corporation. (2019). 2019 annual report . https://corporate.mcdonalds.com/content/dam/gwscorp/nfl/investor-relations-content/annual-reports/2019%20Annual%20Report.pdf

In-Text Citation : (McDonald's Corporation, 2019)

Note : No period after URL. Do not insert a hyphen when continuing URL to next line; break the URL at punctuation only which can be an existing hyphen.

Annual Report from SEC EDGAR Website :

Company Name. (Date of Publication). Title of report . Retrieved from Agency Name website: http://www.xxxxxxxx

McDonald's Corporation. (2019). Form 10-K annual report for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019 . Retrieved from SEC EDGAR website: https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/63908/000006390820000022/mcd-12312019x10k.htm

In-Text Citation : (McDonald's Corporation, 2019).

Note : Identify the publisher as part of the retrieval statement if the publisher is not the author: Retrieved from Agency Name website: http://www.xxxxxxxx

APA 7th edition Examples - Bloomberg

Data or Table

Bloomberg L.P. (2020). Apple, Inc. [Price & history graph]. Retrieved from Bloomberg database

In-text citation: (Bloomberg 2020)

Note : In this instance, Bloomberg is creating the table or graph from it's dataset so is indicated as the author in the citation

Article with Author

Smith, S. (2017, January 8). Analyzing palm oil prices, exports. Bloomberg . Retrieved from Bloomberg database.

In-text citation: (Smith, 2017)

Note : In this case the item had an author so that is used instead.

APA 7th Examples -- Case Studies

Author. (Year). Title of case study. Case # Label**: Case Number. Publisher.

**Case # Label: Each publisher refers to their case numbering scheme in Different ways so use the label that matches their numberings scheme. For instance, Harvard Bushiness School Publishing refers to them by their HBS Number so use HBS No: as your label here. Ivey Publishing refers to theirs as IDs so use Ivey ID: as your label. If either case follow the Label with a colon and then the appropriate number.

Case from Harvard Business School

Thomas, D.A., (1999). Leaving HBS No. 400033-PDF-ENG. Harvard Business School Publishing.

In-text citation: (Thomas, 1999)

Case from Ivey Publishing

Bansal, P & Le Ber, M.J.,,. (2008). Google's way -- Don't be evil. Ivey ID: 9B07M067.. Ivey Publishing

In-text citation: (Bansal & Le Ber, 2008)

Note : If the case study does not contain these specific elements then it has probably been published in article format so cite it as a journal article.

APA 7th edition Examples - DemographicsNow!

Author. (Date of Publication). Title of document [Table]. Retrieved Date from Demographics Now database.

Gale Cengage Learning. (2019). Consumer Expenditure Food, Beverage, Grocery Detail Summary: , Detroit, MI [Table]. Retrieved August 25, 2020 from Demographics Now database.

In-Text Citation: (Gale Cengage Learning, 2019).

Note : Use retrieval date, since demographic information in this database can change over time.

APA 7th edition Examples - IBISWorld

Author. (Date of Publication). Title of document (Report number) [Report type]. Retrieved Date from IBISWorld database.

Hyland, R. (2020 April). Fast Food Restaurants in the US (72221a) [U.S. industry (NAICS) report]. Retrieved from IBISWorld database.

Fernandez, C. (2019, December). Burger Restaurants (OD4306) [U.S. specialized industry report]. Retrieved from IBISWorld database.

In-Text Citation: (Hyland, 2020)

Note: Include a report number, if given, in parentheses after the title. Because the reports themselves are dated thereby fixing the date of the content, it is not necessary to include a retrieval date.

APA 7th edition Examples - Mergent

Mergent Online Company Profile:

Author. (Date of Publication). Title of document [Company profile]. Retrieved month date, year from DatabaseName database.

Mergent, Inc. (n.d.). McDonald's Corp [Company profile]. Retrieved July 27, 2020 from Mergent Online database.

In-Text Citation: (Mergent, Inc., n.d.).

Note : Company profiles are not dated in Mergent Online, so use n.d. (no date) for publication date and add the retrieval date to the "Retrieved from" section. Also use n.d. for the in-text citation.

10-K/Annual Report from Mergent Online Company Profile:

Company Name. (Date of Publication). Title of report . Retrieved from DatabaseName database.

McDonald's Corporation. (2019, February 22). Form 10-K annual report for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 . Retrieved from Mergent Online database.

Note : The official date for an SEC filing can usually be found at the end of the document

Financial Statements from Mergent Online Company Profile:

Author. (Date of Publication). Title of report . Retrieved from DatabaseName database.

Mergent, Inc. (2019, December 31). McDonald's Corporation. as reported annual balance sheet . Retrieved from Mergent Online database.

In-Text Citation: (Mergent, Inc., 2019).

APA 7th edition Examples - Nexis Uni

Nexis Uni Company Profile:

Author. (Date of Publication). Title of document [Company profile]. Retrieved from Title database.

LexisNexis. (n.d.). McDonald's . [Company profile]. Retrieved July 8, 2020 from Nexis Uni database.

In-Text Citation : (Nexis Uni, n.d.).

Note : Company profiles are not dated in Nexis Uni , so use n.d. (no date) for publication date and add the retrieval date to the "Retrieved from" section. Also use n.d. for the in-text citati on.

APA 7th edition Examples - RIA Checkpoint

Editorial Material with Author

Afterman, A.B. and Jones, R.H. (2015, January). Part II: Balance sheet [2: Cash]. Accounting and Auditing Disclosure Manual . Retrieved from RIA Checkpoint database.

In-text citation: (Afterman & Jones, 2015)

Editorial Material without Author

American Institute of CPA’s. (2012). AAG Airlines [Chapter 1-The Airline Industry]. Audit and Accounting Guides . Retrieved from RIA Checkpoint database.

In-text citation: (American Institute of CPAs, 2012)

APA 7th edition Examples - Wharton Research Data Services (WRDS)

Author. (Date). Title of dataset [Description of variables used] [Data set]. Database name. Retrieval Date from Website URL

Standard & Poor's (n.d.). Compustat daily updates -- fundamentals annual [McDonald's Corporation: Income statement items - January 2010 to December 2019]. [Data set] CapitalIQ. Retrieved June 25, 2020, from Wharton Research Data Services https://wrds-web.wharton.upenn.edu/

Note: The Author is the data collector, the person or entity that compiled the data. The Title is the dataset used but, because that doesn't specify the exact data used, create a description after the title in [square brackets], of what criteria was applied to get the variables used. .

Schemm, N., Dellenbach, M., Grisham, Z., Hageman, M., Tingle, N., Trowbridge, M., & Wheatley, A. (2020). APA 7th ed. citation for business sources . https://bit.ly/APA7business

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APA Citation

American Psychological Association (APA) citation style is used to avoid plagiarism and give credit to others for their work. APA (7th edition) requires:

In-Text Citations for each source when paraphrasing and quoting
References page with full citation details for each source used
APA Style Handout
APA Sample Paper
APA Sample Annotated Bib
APA Style Center
APA Template (Word)
APA Template (Google Doc)
Publication Manual of the APA
Purdue's Online Writing Lab (OWL)

Consult the Official APA Style Guide

In-Text Citation References Sample Papers

Article (General Format)

Journal article on website or database (doi), journal article on website or database (no doi), newspaper article on website or database, book (general format), book in print, ebook in a database, chapter in a book in print, chapter in a book in database, academic search ultimate, britannica: academic, cq researcher, ebook collection, films on demand, gale ebooks, opposing viewpoints, psycharticles, website (general format), page on a website, article on a website, entire website.

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IMAGES

APA 7th Edition
Journal Articles
Journal articles
Journal and newspaper articles
Apa 7th edition journal citation information
Introduction to Citation Styles: APA 7th ed

VIDEO

شرح APA Style + مواقع تساعدك على إنجاز البحث في وقت قصير S6 Research
APA Help within PubMed
APA Formatting & Citing with Tony
APA 7th Edition: References Lists
APA Citation Style 7th edition
APA 7th Edition: References Lists

COMMENTS

APA Style (7th Edition) Citation Guide: Journal Articles
When a source has 21 or more authors, include the first 19 authors' names, then three ellipses (…), and add the last author's name. Don't include an ampersand (&) between the ellipsis and final author. Note: For works with three or more authors, the first in-text citation is shortened to include the first author's surname followed by "et al."
APA Formatting and Style Guide (7th Edition)
Basic guidelines for formatting the reference list at the end of a standard APA research paper Author/Authors Rules for handling works by a single author or multiple authors that apply to all APA-style references in your reference list, regardless of the type of work (book, article, electronic resource, etc.)
PDF APA Style Reference Guide for Journal Articles, Books, and Edited Book
APA Style Reference Guide for Journal Articles, Books, and Edited Book Chapters, APA Style 7th Edition Author: American Psychological Association Subject: references Keywords: APA Style; 7th edition; reference; journal article; book; chapter in an edited book Created Date: 12/30/2019 10:15:20 AM
How to Cite a Journal Article in APA Style
If you want to cite a special issue of a journal rather than a regular article, the name (s) of the editor (s) and the title of the issue appear in place of the author's name and article title: APA format. Last name, Initials. (Ed. or Eds.). ( Year ). Title of issue [Special issue]. Journal Name, Volume ( Issue ).
Citation Help for APA, 7th Edition: Journal Article
Other NEW Important Information in APA, 7th edition: All journal articles will include the issue number. Regardless, of whether or not the journal is continuously paginated. All articles coming from an academic database should be treated as a print journal. If the article has a DOI, include the DOI at the end of the reference.
LibGuides: APA Citation Guide (7th edition) : Journal Articles
When a source has twenty-one or more authors, include the first twenty authors' names, then three ellipses (…), and add the last author's name. Note: The APA Manual (7th ed.) recommends not including the library database for journal articles without a DOI as these works are widely available. Bogan, E., & Paun, E. (2011).
PDF Journal Article Reference Checklist, APA Style, 7th Edition
Journal Article Reference Checklist. The following are general guidelines for formatting reference list entries for journal articles in APA Style. Find examples of journal article references in Section 10.1 of both the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.) and the Concise Guide to APA Style (7th ed.) as well as ...
Citing Articles
If an item has no date, use n.d. where you would normally put the date. Capitalization: For article titles, capitalize only the first letter of the first word of the title. If there is a colon in the title, capitalize the first letter of the first word after the colon. You will also capitalize proper nouns.
APA Citation Guide (7th Edition): Journal, Magazine and Newspaper Articles
Format. First 19 authors., . . . Last author. Note: After the first 19 authors' names, use an ellipsis (. . .) in place of the remaining author names.Then, end with the final author's name. There should be a maximum of 20 authors included in the reference list entry).
APA Citation Guide (APA 7th Edition): Journal Articles
Journal Article from a Library Database with DOI - One Author. Reference List Citation. Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication). Title of article: Subtitle if any. Name of Journal, Volume Number (Issue Number if Page Numbering Begins at 1 for Each Issue in the Volume), first page number-last page number ...
Journal article references
Narrative citation: Grady et al. (2019) If a journal article has a DOI, include the DOI in the reference. Always include the issue number for a journal article. If the journal article does not have a DOI and is from an academic research database, end the reference after the page range (for an explanation of why, see the database information ...
Journal Articles
Article numbers. Some online only journals have article numbers. Often, these journals start every article at page 1, so page numbers are irrelevant. For journals with article numbers, put the article number in the place of the page numbers, after the word "Article":
Journal Articles
If the article does not have a DOI but is freely available on a website, include the URL for the work. Example of an article citation without a DOI from a database or in print: Cuddy, C. (2002). Demystifying APA style. Orthopedic Nursing, 21(5), 35-42. Example of an article without a DOI from a website: Akin, E. (2014). In Defense of "Mindless ...
Library Guides: APA 7th Referencing: Journal Articles
A basic reference list entry for a journal article in APA must include: Author or authors. The surname is followed by first initials. Year of publication of the article (in round brackets). Article title. Journal title (in italics ). Volume of journal (in italics ).
APA Citation Guide (APA 7th Edition): Journal Articles
Journal of Women & Aging, 24 (1), 70-88. Academic Search Premier. Note: While APA 7th edition recommends not including database names or URLs for journals without DOIs, OCC Library recommends including database names so that your instructors can more easily identify where your sources can be located.
Articles
Website Articles. Webpage article citations list the author, date, page title, site name, and hyperlink. If there is no specific author listed, use the name of the organization or website name. If the author is the same as the website name, you do not need to list it the second time. Only use a 'Retrieved on" date if the page is likely to ...
Reference List: Articles in Periodicals
Note: This page reflects the latest version of the APA Publication Manual (i.e., APA 7), which released in October 2019. The equivalent resource for the older APA 6 style can be found here. Please note: the following contains a list of the most commonly cited periodical sources. For a complete list of how to cite periodical publications, please refer to the 7 th edition of the APA Publication ...
LibGuides: APA Citation Guide (7th edition) : Journal Articles
When a source has twenty-one or more authors, include the first twenty authors' names, then three ellipses (…), and add the last author's name. Note: The APA Manual (7th ed.) recommends not including the library database for journal articles without a DOI as these works are widely available. Example. Bogan, E., & Paun, E. (2011).
How to Cite in APA Format (7th edition)
APA Style is widely used by students, researchers, and professionals in the social and behavioral sciences. Scribbr's APA Citation Generator automatically generates accurate references and in-text citations for free.. This citation guide outlines the most important citation guidelines from the 7th edition APA Publication Manual (2020). Scribbr also offers free guides for the older APA 6th ...
Basic Citation to a Journal Article
Journal article citation is covered in APA Manual, 7th Edition, Section 10.1, beginning at page 316. Parenthetical in-text citation: (Cheon et al., 2020) Narrative in-text citation: Cheon et al. (2020)... Note that the ampersand is used in the parenthetical form, but not the narrative form.
Article, Journal (with DOI)
APA 7th Edition Citation Style. APA 7th Edition Guide; Annual Report; Article, Journal (Print) Article, Journal (with DOI) Article, Journal (without DOI) Books and ebooks; Book, Chapter in edited work; ChatGPT or other AI software; Dissertation / Thesis; Dissertation / Thesis (Database)
Research Guides: Citation Style: APA 7th edition: Start here
APA citation style is a set of rules created by the American Psychological Association that establishes standards of written communication (college research papers; articles, books and other documents submitted for publication) including:. formatting and page layout; writing style; citing sources; APA citation style is often used in the following classes/fields:
APA Citation Style, 7th edition: Journal Article with 3-20 Authors
NOTE: It is regarded as the most important part of the citation because it will accurately direct users to the specific article. Think of it as a "digital fingerprint" or an article's DNA! The rules for DOIs have been updated in the 7th edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association.
Article, Journal (Print)
Use "sentence-style" capitalization for article titles. Use "heading-style" capitalization for journal titles. In-Text Citations: Citations are placed in the context of discussion using the author's last name and date of publication. (Jasienski, 2020) Alternatively, you can integrate the citation into the sentence by means of narrative.
Welcome
Call Number: BF76.7 .P83 2020. ISBN: 9781433832161. Publication Date: 2019-10-01. APA Style consists of guidelines published within the 7th edition of The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association. The APA style is used to cite sources when doing research in the social and behavioral sciences - psychology, sociology ...
Citing Sources from Business-Specific Databases in APA
APA 7th edition Examples - Journal & Magazine Articles. Journal Article with a DOI and Multiple Authors. ... With 6 or more authors, Use FirstAuthorName et al. for all in-test citations. Journal Article with a DOI but No author. Innovating the franchise model. (2018). Strategic Direction, ...
APA
APA Citation. American Psychological Association (APA) citation style is used to avoid plagiarism and give credit to others for their work. APA (7th edition) requires: In-Text Citations for each source when paraphrasing and quoting. References page with full citation details for each source used. APA Style Handout.

APA Style (7th Edition) Citation Guide: Journal Articles

Table of Contents

In the Body of a Paper

Journal Article - No DOI

Citation Help for APA, 7th Edition: Journal Article

General Example & Explanation

Variation - Multiple Authors?

Multiple Authors - 20 Authors or Less?

Explanation

Parenthetical & Narrative Citations

Parenthetical Citation Example

Narrative Citation Example

Multiple Authors - 21 or More Authors?

More Information

Variation - Periodical Information?

More Information:

Variations - DOIs?

Variations - URLs?

Variations - Live Hyperlinks?

Introduction

Other NEW Important Information in APA, 7th edition:

Journal Article with DOI

Authors: Kennedy, A. K., Winter, V. R., & Corbin, M. M.

Date of Publication: (2019).

Title of Article: Physical education class and body image perception: Are they related?

Source Information: Physical Educator, 76 (2), 467-484. https://doi.org/10.18666/tpe-2019-v76-i2-8766

Parenthetical Citation Example:

Narrative Citation Example:

Print Journal Article or Article from an Academic Database without DOI

Authors: Rush, M. A., Skora, J. I., Lawrence, J. H., & D'Aurora Richardson, L.

Title of Article: Health care's new wilderness: The intersection of telehealth and ancillary services.

Source Information: Journal of Health Care Compliance, 21 (3), 5-16.

More Information:

Online Journal Article not from a Database and without DOI

Authors: Faggella-Luby, M. Gelbar, N., Dukes, L., III, Madaus, J. Lalor, A., & Lombardi, A.

Date of Publication: (2019).

More Information:

APA Citation Guide (7th edition) : Journal Articles

On This Page

How Do I Know If It's a Journal?

APA Citation Guide (7th Edition): Journal, Magazine and Newspaper Articles

How Can I Tell If It's a Journal?

Journal Article with a DOI (with 1 and 2 Authors)

Journal Article with 3 to 20 Authors

Journal Article with 21+ Authors

Journal Article Without a DOI with a Nondatabase URL

Journal Article from a Print Source

Magazine Article

Newspaper Article

Journal, Magazine, or Newspaper Article Without a DOI, from Most Academic Research Databases or Print Version

Lehigh University Libraries - Library Guides

Journal Articles

Journal Article from a Library Database with DOI - One Author

APA (7th Edition) Referencing Guide

Standard journal article with a DOI

APA 7th Edition Citation Style Guide

Journal article

APA 7th Referencing

APA 7th Referencing: Journal Articles

On this page

APA 7th Edition Citation Guide Articles

Reference Page Example:

In-text Citation Examples:

Website Articles

Newspaper Articles

Encyclopedia and Dictionary Entry

Wikipedia Articles

Lippincott Advisor

Reference List: Articles in Periodicals

Welcome to the Purdue OWL

Article in Print Journal

Article in Electronic Journal

Article in a Magazine

Article in a Newspaper

APA Citation Guide (7th edition) : Journal Articles

On This Page

What is a DOI?

Journal Article From a Website - One Author

Works by the Same Author with the Same Year

Journal Article From Library Database with DOI - One Author