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Project Management Reflective Essay Example

Author : Sofia

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Project management is an extensive field of study for students in the UK and all over the world. To be able to handle different types of projects, it is important to gain a comprehensive outlook on the concepts that are covered in the project planning process. The students who aspire to become great project managers have to polish their skills in reflecting upon their learning.

This is the reason students are given the task of writing reflective essays in their project management assignments. Realising this, our project plan dissertation help experts have always been engaged in this field to bring forth well-curated project management reflective essay examples that can come handy when they begin their work. Over the years, a lot of students have benefitted from this, as a result of which they have achieved stellar results in their assignments.

Due to the high demand of the project management courses all over the UK, students are also given the opportunity to get a project management professional (PMP) certification online. Irrespective of whether a student is an amateur in the field of project management, or looking to enhance their skill set in this discipline, the PMP certification is a must-have!

Owing to the importance of this course in the UK and all across the world, it is essential to be thorough with how to write project management reflective essay . Fret not, as our project management help experts are fully geared up to assist you with this assessment task. Since 2010, we have stuck to our motto of “making assignments simpler”. In the last ten years, we have curated professional reference assignment samples for students to make it possible for them to complete their assignments on time. In this blog, we will be dealing with certain aspects of such an assessment and see how to write them the best. So, let’s get started.

How To Reflect On A Project Management Assignment?

Before we throw some light on the basic approach to writing project management reflective essays , it is important to let you know the process of how to write it. In the recent few years, we have transcended all our boundaries to impart all the requisite knowledge to students for such tasks.

The reference project management reflective essay examples that we have drafted for students adhere to 5 basic objectives, which are as follows:

• Describing the setting of the project
• State the reasons for choosing the project and the aims of the project undertaken
• Give a brief overview of the project planning and how it will be carried out
• Explain the objectives that were achieved
• Evaluate the effectiveness of the project
• Reflect upon the professional learning from the project

These are the steps that you need to include in your reflections. Without these, your work would not be complete. This is the reason, you will find all of these points in the project management reflective essay examples that we have prepared for students all over the world.

Now that you have got a brief overview of how to go about with this assessment task, our management assignment help will make it even simpler for you to understand it with the help of one of our best samples.

Confused On Any Aspect Of Reflective Essays? Clear Them All With The Help Of The Best Project Management Reflective Essay Example!

My Assignment Services has been a paradise for all those students who find it tedious to combat with these technical assignments. So, let us quickly brief you all on the most important aspects of these reflection assignments with the help of the samples that we have prepared for our clients previously.

From our storehouse of hundreds of thousands of high-quality project management reflective essay examples, this is that one question that has been catered by us most of the times for students. As you can see in the image above, here is the assessment brief for this question. Students have approached us to get assistance on several similar kinds of assignments in the last decade and we have successfully helped them with high-quality reference assignment solutions.

The main objective of this task is to identify at least one scenario from personal experience where the students could not apply the different theories of project management. Covering the five process groups in project management, which include initiation, planning, execution, monitoring and controlling, the task is to reflect upon the key learning and suggest the areas of improvement.

This is one of those questions where our business assignment help experts can come to be really useful for students. Adhering to a fixed format for the work, it is just a matter of a few moments for us to work upon this assignment file and furnish students with instant solutions. Here, our project plan dissertation help writers begin with giving a short description of the event that has taken place in the assignment. Then, using appropriate literature to support the claims, we analyse the existing event. The next step is to ponder over the ways by which the future outcomes can be modified in the favour of the person who has undertaken the project by making some changes. The last and the final step in this project management reflective essay example is to reflect upon the key learning to find out the loopholes in the existing setting that can be rectified in the future.

So, this brings us to the end of the assignment. However, it is not as easy as it seems to be. There are several aspects that have not been touched yet. If you require the guidance of our project management help experts on any of these assignments, then you can simply hand us over all the requirement and we will get back to you with a well-structured project management reflective essay example for your reference. And, if you need an instant doubt clearing session from our experts, then you can stay assured as we have already got this covered for you. With the help of the live one-on-one sessions that we hold for you regularly, we can provide you with instant feedback on all your doubts so that you can ace your assignments.

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About the Author

Sofia is dedicatedly assisting students with their IT assignments for the past 13 years. With an understanding of information technology, she has worked with several IT organizations in Australia and USA to explore strategic and managerial issues raised from information technology management. After spending her tenure with large corporations, she switched to My Assignment Services. Sofia realized that what she has observed in the past years can help students excel in these disciplines. Hence, now she leads a team who assists students with their homework and achieve the best learning outcomes.

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Group Project Management and Teamwork Reflection Report (Assessment)

Introduction, self effectiveness and other team members, project evaluation versus outcomes, decision-making process, research methodology, project management, management concepts application, project process improvement.

The success of research done by a group of people depends so much on the contribution that each member inputs to the project. This is where management skills acquired theoretically are put into practice or tested. The process of solving conflicts that emerge in a group should be succinct and clear. Each member’s point of view must be taken into consideration to harness success.

I organized the group. In essence, I can term myself as the pioneer of the foundation of our group. In the first place, I am the one that got the people in the group together. The initial meeting of group members was done by me.

The success of our group depended on the effectiveness of contribution to the project by each member of the group. The division of project parts to each member of the group was the best idea we could come up with. The reason that favored the division of project parts among us was to ensure that each member of the group would give his best input with respect to research concerning the assigned part. The approach to tackle the assignment from the perspective of components-to-whole also was to ensure that the timeline given by our lecturer was to be met before its elapse.

Dynamically, the group was well organized in the beginning. If the initial agreement had been pursued, the results would have been better, besides no one in the group would have felt that much of the work was done by self. The only mistake that the group made was it did not elect an interim leadership to oversee the effectiveness of each member of the group. Since the group’s decisions were made based majority basis, they should also have elected leaders to run the project completion. Reduction in conflicts could have been reduced with the introduction of a discipline committee, to deal with members who showed laxity concerning the progress. In my opinion, these would have been more effective than orally making resolutions that did not have a discipline tag attached.

For the future application of individual learning, I realized that in a learning environment and process, a group requires a correct choice of people willing to share and one another’s point of view. In a group, individual knowledge requires total acceptance from an intended audience, with participation notwithstanding.

In the event of problem-solving, discussions in the group did not yield much. Each member was given a chance to air out feedback. The feedback could not be approved with total certainty since it emerged that group members only stuck to the assigned parts. It was also evident that the discussions were not taken with a resolute critique from the members showed little commitment.

Decisions concerning issues emergent in the group were made by the majority. As it was turning out, I was an international student with a communication problem since I could not speak or write the English language with acceptable standards, I felt left out. Most of the decisions were done with an edge of countering my contribution to the project. In most cases, acceptance of a resolution was reached after a lengthy discussion, the resolutions were reached at jus for the sake of agreement, but not because they were applicable.

It was not a bad idea to use questionnaires and interviews. However, the lack of participation by my members was a rather disappointing factor. As mentioned, I contacted interviews and questionnaires being sent to the audience at PGL. PGL is a freight company whose market is the pacific islands although it’s expanding globally (Pacific Gate Logistics, 2010). This was an engagingly hard task for me. Nevertheless, I did it for the sake of completing the course work besides trying by all means to beat the timelines given by the lecturer; which carried a risk of losing all the marks. Also, I used these research methods but their effectiveness I did not ascertain. In the first place, there was a language barrier between my audience.

Documents like the project we were undertaking are highly sensitive such that their acceptance by the target company was important to us. The validity of the methods that we used was questionable. Our research design was not familiar to other group members. As a result, it may have reduced their participation in the design of these methods as well as their application to data collection. As a consequence, data collected was limited to one person. The direct implication of this was that only one person collecting information did not have enough time, the number of audience for interviewing was small.

On average, the project was not managed well. The management style we employed lacked some organization. If we had employed some committee to manage the progress of the project, we would have frequent conflicts in the group. We had resources at our disposal. The resource that was badly mismanaged was time. It resulted from a lack of communication from the group members. Each one of us went their own way. They refused to answer my e-mails. In general, the group was not centrally managed and it is like we did not know each other in the group. This explained the lack of total commitment from the other members. The management of conflicts, solutions, meeting days, research feedback was all not effectively adopted.

From the perspective of the management of the group, there was no relationship between theoretical management concepts and their application as seen in the group. Each one of us was doing everything according to the self-drive. Cohesion in the group was not there. They were not acting on one accord as a group. In conclusion, we did not apply management concepts in our project

It was noted that there was diversity in opinions in the group concerning the management and handling of the parts that were assigned to different group members. However, this did not help improve the situation. In fact, it only aggravated the conflicts. This can be justified by the further distance that was experienced in the last stages of the project. Each one of us had taken his own direction, and perhaps, perspective concerning the project.

I recommended that in the future, proper vetting during the selection should be done to determine the right group members. Furthermore, each group member needs to be given time to express his views concerning his point. Pertaining management, a select opinion analyzing committee should have been formed. Each time a member airs an opinion, one of the select members from the committee writes them down. After writing, analysis is done as an after process whereby each opinion is analyzed as an entity. Its validity is agreed upon by the majority rather random airing of opinion that leads to no common resolution.

Secondly, the outcomes of the project were not satisfactorily achieved. In the first place, group members did not have a common voice. Each part of the project was given as an assignment. It is evident that each group member did not achieve the highest level of output as expected. Whatever we presented can be termed as the work of one person. The research process is an intensive involvement, requiring a high degree of professionalism.

In our case, we needed to put to practice management concepts acquired in theory. What was achieved did not reflect professionalism and commitment. The whole process was characterized by dishonesty, self-motivation, and frequent inter-member conflicts. The use of consultative means from the other classmates was good.

However, it should not only have taken place during a conflict solution but also during the research process itself. This is a healthy process for the information collected by the group members. Comparisons about the collection of information, management of the group by other groups formed by the classmates; in terms of problem solution and project management. On the overall, the project was not satisfactorily done due to the reasons mentioned above, with the conflict factor being the main.

On the overall, I can say that I took up a management role that was neglected by others. I had information from the company that we used in our project required for our project.

In conclusion, the project that was undertaken by the group was not taken and completed satisfactorily. The members seemed to rather doing a project on conflicts than PGM.

Pacific Gate Logistics. (2010). Pacific Gate Logistics Australia & New Zealand. Web.

• Chicago (A-D)
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IvyPanda. (2024, February 10). Group Project Management and Teamwork Reflection. https://ivypanda.com/essays/group-project-management-and-teamwork-reflection/

"Group Project Management and Teamwork Reflection." IvyPanda , 10 Feb. 2024, ivypanda.com/essays/group-project-management-and-teamwork-reflection/.

IvyPanda . (2024) 'Group Project Management and Teamwork Reflection'. 10 February.

IvyPanda . 2024. "Group Project Management and Teamwork Reflection." February 10, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/group-project-management-and-teamwork-reflection/.

1. IvyPanda . "Group Project Management and Teamwork Reflection." February 10, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/group-project-management-and-teamwork-reflection/.

Bibliography

IvyPanda . "Group Project Management and Teamwork Reflection." February 10, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/group-project-management-and-teamwork-reflection/.

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REFLECTION OF PROJECT MANAGER

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Personal Reflection On The Concept Of Project Management

Task: Successful completion of this assignment will result in achievement of the following subject learning outcomes: 1. Understand PMBOK knowledge areas and process groups and their role, relevance and impact on project management best practice and PMI’s Code of Ethics. 2. Critically compare and contrast project management approaches and their appropriateness for managing a variety of project types. 3. Apply appropriate project management tools and techniques, paying particular attention to risk management. 4. Critically reflect on the leadership styles necessary to succeed in a range of project management situations, and their personal capacity to succeed in those situations.

Context: At the beginning of your learning journey on this subject, you were encouraged to reflect on your learning experience and knowledge obtained from the learning modules through discussions and participation. This assessment will provide an opportunity for you to reflect on your learning, document lessons learned, identify global project management practices you hope to adopt in your career. In short, your reflection is a tool for developing knowledge and professionalism in all matters relevant to you as a project manager and leader.

Introduction In today's scenario, project management practices become the need of each project team. It is because project management contains a set of different practices and approaches that guides the team in the successful accomplishment of a project. This paper represents my personal experience with the college classes. Also, it represents the knowledge areas that I developed after attending the session on project management. Generally, it can be said that project management organizes project tasks effectively to avoid potential risks and barriers. Therefore, it becomes a preference for each project manager and team members.

Discussion Knowledge gained through different Lessons:  My learning experience with each project management module was very nice. It is because the professor of each module came up with relevant information that strengthens our knowledge areas. My specific knowledge about project management knowledge areas can understand through the following sub-sections:

Project Scope Management Project scope management is one of the crucial tasks of a project plan. In this knowledge area, I learned about project scope planning, collection of potential requirements, and creating WBS. While the determination of the project scope statement, it is essential for a project manager to consider project deliverables. Therefore, a session on project scope management improves my project scope defines. Also, work breakdown structure determination is essential to carry out projects effectively (Cha, 2018). Hence, I learned enough about project scope management that will prove very helpful in developing my career as a project manager.

Project Schedule Management The second and most important project management key area is project schedule management. Most of the business houses use MS project software to plan their project schedule. With the help of this module, I gained information about how to use MS project software to plan schedules and determine different project activities. Apart from this, I also learned how to sequence different project activities to calculate accurate project duration. While serving as a project manager, I need to work on different projects and plan activities accordingly. Therefore, the theoretical and practical knowledge about project schedule management will help me in performing my job deliverables effectively.

Project Cost Management For a project manager, project cost management is one of the important project tasks. Here, I gained information about how to plan, estimate, and control project costs. Before working on any project, it is essential to determine its budget initially (Dumrak, 2017). Therefore, the session on project cost management provides me a significant knowledge about different cost planning and control techniques. The knowledge about project cost management will help me to plan the cost of a particular project with more accuracy. A session on project cost management also comes up with some practical examples. These examples taught me how to make decisions while determining the project cost. In addition, it also introduces me with different cost estimation techniques that will prove helpful in determining the appropriate project cost.

What is the role of project quality management in the project management approach? It is one of the important tasks of a project sponsor and project management team. Project quality management activities start with a project and end after its closure. Here, I learned about how to prepare a project quality plan for better control over activities. A project quality plan is a combination of different elements like quality management techniques, potential deliverables, and risk factors. In this knowledge area, I gained enough knowledge about project quality planning and its techniques. The example of different project cases also strengthens my practical knowledge and motivates me to move ahead to work as a project manager.

Project Resource Management Before proceeding for a project, it is essential for a project manager to plan project resources effectively. In this module, I learned how to prepare a resource management plan to carry out the project effectively. In order to avoid unnecessary delays among projects, project resource planning is essential. Therefore, the knowledge about resource planning will help me to estimate activity resources with high accuracy. Moreover, I also gained information about how to collect potential resources and manage their presence within the project. Hence, it can be said that the project resource management knowledge strengthens my project management skills effectively.

Project Communication Management Project communication management is essential for a project to avoid communication barriers. The session on project communication management introduces me with different project communication methods and their usability. A project communication plan helps a project manager to define communication roots and mediums (Behera, 2018). In a project, the communication methods like email, face to face, and presentation proves very effective to manage conversation and communication among project team members. Apart from this, I also learned about the suitability of each communication channel. For example; the email method is suitable for the project manager, sponsor, and various others. Hence, I can say that an effective project plan should contain an appropriate project communication plan to avoid unforeseen errors and mistakes.

Project Risk Management While planning for a project, it is necessary for the project manager to identify potential project risks. With the help of this session, I learned about different risk identification methods and their usability in a project. These techniques involve forecasting and various others. Apart from this, I also learned how to conduct quantitative and qualitative risk evaluation for better risk prediction. Therefore, the knowledge about risk identification and evaluation techniques will help me to come up with better risk prediction measures. After the identification of potential risks, their mitigation and management are as essential as their evaluation. Hence, project risk management knowledge enhances and improves my project management skills.

Project Procurement Management Before starting any project, a project manager needs to procure the required resources. Therefore, the project procurement plan is essential to develop for a project manager (Joslin, 2015). Here, I learned how to prepare a procurement plan and what elements I need to include in it. Apart from this, I also gained significant knowledge about the ways of procuring essential items and resources. Moreover, I also learned how to control project procurements. There is a wide range of examples given in the module. With the help of these examples, I strengthen my practical as well as theoretical knowledge about project procurement planning.

Project Stakeholder Management After deciding on a project, the project sponsor moves ahead to determine a list of potential stakeholders. A session on project stakeholder management provides me a significant knowledge about stakeholder identification. Also, I gained information about the methodologies of stakeholder engagement. Effective project management asks for high stakeholder engagement. Therefore, the use of best stakeholder engagement techniques is essential for a project manager. On the basis of my personal experience as a project team member, I can say that project stakeholder engagement monitoring is as essential as project plan development. Therefore, project stakeholder engagement knowledge prepares me to serve as an effective project manager.

Project Integration Management A short lecture on project integration management provides me a significant knowledge about how to prepare project charter. Hornstein (2015) defined the project charter as a document that explains the complete project. Hence, this session introduces me to different elements and components of a project charter and its usability within a project. Apart from this, I also gained significant knowledge about project management methodologies and work management. The knowledge about project integration management will improve my project management skills and enhance the capability to manage different projects for a certain time.

In order to become a project manager, it is essential for me to learn about different project management standards and practices. Therefore, this module improves my theoretical and practical knowledge regarding different project management knowledge areas. With the help of active knowledge in project management, I can serve as an effective project manager. Also, I can handle different projects with high efficiency. Apart from this, () said that project management should have knowledge about project key areas. It is because the knowledge about key areas enhances the capability of an individual to serve as a project manager. Hence, my experience with this session was nice.

Conclusion After conducting a session on project management knowledge areas, I can say that project management is an important approach for a project manager. This session improved my knowledge and skills regarding project scope management, schedule management, risk management, and various other components. These skills and knowledge award me an opportunity to build a career in project management.

References Behera, P., Mohanty, R. P., & Prakash, A. (2018). An investigation of implementation issues, process phases and knowledge areas of project management in the performance of construction supply chains. International Journal of Project Organisation and Management, 10(2), 137-157.

Cha, J., Newman, M., & Winch, G. (2018). Revisiting the project management knowledge framework: Rebalancing the framework to include transformation projects. International Journal of Managing Projects in Business, 11(4), 1026-1043.

Dumrak, J., Baroudi, B., & Hadjinicolaou, N. (2017). Exploring the association between project management knowledge areas and sustainable outcomes. Procedia Engineering, 182, 157-164.

Hornstein, H. A. (2015). The integration of project management and organizational change management is now a necessity. International Journal of Project Management, 33(2), 291-298.

Joslin, R., & Müller, R. (2015). Relationships between a project management methodology and project success in different project governance contexts. International Journal of Project Management, 33(6), 1377-1392.

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Essay | Reflection on Project Management

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Essay: Reflective essay on my course – project management

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This course was a really new experience for me both from learning point of view and performance wise. The practical part of the course was really helpful where ones get a chance to implement all the knowledge gain during the lectures and through self-studies. I have learnt that innovation requires collaboration, creativity, practical implementation and added value to the product. And this task becomes much easier if you have an interdisciplinary team working for a unified goal. I have truly learned a systemic approach to designing a product, that how to start from scratch and nothing to build a customer oriented or to introduce a new product into the market, how to work in teams for short span of time, how to manage and divide tasks within the group, which project management methodology to apply depending upon the nature of the project, how to filter the needs or requirements of the products, how to look for patents, benchmark for the particular project you are working on to have the basic knowledge of what already is out there available in the market. How to be creative during the synthesis of concepts for your topic or project. In my learning diaries I will be explaining the concepts learnt during the lectures, group works, workshops and mostly through self-studies.

I learnt that most important part of the planning stage is building project team. Generally try to establish your team as soon as possible. Identifying one or two people even during the initial stages is also possible sometimes. Appointing the team early get the most out of their ownership to the project, and maximizes what they can contribute towards the product development. The first step in building an effective project team is to create a resource plan. A resource plan requires you to understand and identify the work to be done and the human skills required to complete it. An initial plan is often a high-level outline and will be refined as you break down into parts the whole of your work. To develop an effective team, you have to start by choosing the best people for the job. This sounds obvious, but determining the best candidates isn’t always straightforward. Many factors concerning potential members have to be considered, including factors such as: the skills required of them to complete project tasks, their level of influence in the organization, their access to a network of other resources, their capacity to participate effectively, their ability to work well in a team environment. Sometimes, project managers don’t have the freedom of choosing team members. Members may be assigned to the project team. If this is your situation, it is vital that you take extra care to establish a relationship with your team members before the team begins to meet as a group. Otherwise, they may not feel connected to the rest of the project team or, worse, may feel put upon and lack any commitment to the project. Communication is an essential part of team work. Without successful communication, it is very difficult to achieve the desired result. When information is shared effectively, the workload is divided between the team members and task at hand becomes easier for all. During our project we used skype, whatsapp and Google drive for the communication purposes within our group. With so many available social apps these days in the market it’s really easier for the teams to get started and have effective communication right way. It is essential that team communication occurs throughout the project in order to minimize confusion and unnecessary delays. Team members more freely share their ideas, thoughts and opinions, thus offering additional opportunities for innovation and creativity. Messages to be communicated become simplified when there is effective communication. Chances for misunderstandings are minimized, if not altogether excluded. Team attention remains on the project, completing tasks and such activities, and whatever energy is necessary in the best interest of the project. Source: http://www.brighthubpm.com/resource-management/

Figure 1. One out of five projects is unsuccessful due to ineffective communications. http://www.projecttimes.com/articles/effective-communication-a-challenge-to-project-managers.html The product development process can be pictured as a funnel with a large number of new product ideas entering the concept stage, narrowing down to a fewer number in subsequent stages. Separating these each stage is a phase review where a decision is made to skip the product, enter into the next stage or redirect back to a previous stage for additional work. The purpose of the concept stage is to quickly assess a new product opportunities. This activity will be performed by a product manager with support from others in the team. The product concept proposal will typically include: description of product concept and unique/new selling proposition, Preliminary market opportunity assessment, economical overview, technical valuation, preliminary financial analysis, planned schedules, recommended core team members. The objective of the system level design is to define the product which has to be developed, and to complete the business strategy for the product. During the next stage the assumptions made during the concept stage are verified through further market research and competitive analysis. Engineering assumptions will be verified in this stage by more detailed design and feasibility tests.

Figure 2 Product development process Source: https://sbpbusiness2000.wordpress.com/2013/01/25/new-product-development/ Lean Startup product development encourages us to first investigate if there is a need of the product in the market before we worry about the details of the new product. While old-style approaches also recommend carrying out market research and study before we engage in product planning and definition, lean approaches increase the speed at which a startup team will operate. This allows startup teams to fail and learn faster, to adapt their product strategy and tactics rapidly, and to hopefully launch the right product with the right features in the market.

Figure 3. Lean startup product development method Source: http://theleanstartup.com/principles We as a group chose lean and agile method for project management. Agile Software Development methodology is for a project that needs extreme agility in requirements. Agile project management focuses on doing the process piece-by-piece, rather than in one big portion like the traditional approach. Agile methodology handles project change and complexity through communication between project team members and end users. It enables teams to appropriately respond to irregularity through short additional work sections, such as Scrum ‘sprints’. These sprints aim at bringing a well-tested, functional working prototype. Planning and changes in design occur throughout the project based on lessons that are learned along the way. There’s no shame in looking back to refine the outcomes or features of the product at any stage. The work these days are more and more demanding and companies need to develop products of high quality in a short span of time. The technology is shifting rapidly and the industry is globalizing where with the help of this technology it’s easier for smaller and medium size companies to reach the international market. On the other hand the bigger companies are continuously improving their processes, products and services are likely to survive in the changing market where medium sized and startup companies are booming at a very rapid speed. This is why the industry has started to hire more and more interdisciplinary teams for the product development. An interdisciplinary team consists of specialists of their own fields. A typical interdisciplinary team includes specialists of research and development, engineering, manufacturing, marketing, economics, arts, business, and design. By combining individuals’ strengths in a group will add value to the product and eventually to the company. Usage of interdisciplinary teams has accelerated the product development cycle which will result fast launch of the product into the market, lowered the production costs as those teams will evaluate each and every aspect of the product before sending it to the manufacturing phase, it is usually noticed that time spend in research and development phase before sending the product to manufacturing stage will decrease the cost of the product and avoid unnecessary breaks, and even doubled the estimated sales. The value of interdisciplinary teams is that every member has their own expertise and viewpoint from their own field. The diversity of the group increases access to different types of information. A group with the members all from different backgrounds can sometimes solve the problems which will take months within a week or even the problems which feel impossible to crack. The group members also learn from each other and might get some important contacts from the other fields. The good thing is that every person know their role in the group according to their own skills set so they must contribute their maximum effort. This lets them to focus on the parts they’re really good at and the other members will balance them in the areas where they don’t have the core skills. This will creates a positive atmosphere and that increases productivity. A team with different expertise ensures that all the tasks of a project are completed. Even after this the interdisciplinary teams has to have the talent, knowledge, experience and technical know-how to get the job done. The team needs also a unified goal and a good leader who will lead them to the right way in the process of development. Team work is difficult, especially in a group with different skills and expertise. The group members might have opposing viewpoints which can lead to conflicts, waste of time, and it may cause damage decisions or the team’s relationships. Collaboration is sometimes problematic, because every profession has its own language and it can lead to misunderstandings. Sometimes the group members use stereotypes and do not understand the value of the other ones skills and knowledge. Everyone should be valued and listened to in the team. The situation where a team member does not feel at ease and is scared to share his or her views may cut down the amount of ideas and expertise that can be crucial for the accomplishment of the project. Due to the differences in skills, interests and trainings, the team members are likely to observe the project or problem from different point of views. The group will think outside the box and that will lead to breakthrough innovations. Source: IPD Handbook ver1.0 There is a right way and a wrong way to run a brainstorm or ideation meeting. A little preparation is required at the initial stage of the product development. It is very important to separate the two phases. The first part is idea generation when we will use divergent method of thinking. The second part is about idea selection where will use convergent thinking. The first step of Idea generation using divergent thinking consist of suspend judgment: No one is allowed to criticize or even discuss an idea. As ideas are expressed they are simply recorded. This can be done on post-it, computers, white boards or flip charts but no fault-finding or comments are allowed at this stage to slow down the process of idea flow. Go for quantity instead of quality at this stage: Quantity leads to quality in brainstorms so don’t stop until you have a large number of ideas ‘ usually upto 100 or more. Go beyond reason: Wild ideas are useful because they challenge limits and inflame other fresh ideas. Ride on other people’s Ideas: When one person proposes a inventive concept others should add something on with extensions, alternatives, developments and specific ways to make it occur. Associate with each other’s ideas. Shift people out of routine thinking. The second phase now is idea selection using convergent thinking method, Set criteria: Make an initial list of the ideas using some broad criteria agreed with the group. For example we want concepts that will satisfy customers, user experience, increase awareness and can be implemented in the next 2 months. Discuss the short list: When you are down to say 5 to 6 good ideas then discuss them productively. Sometimes there is a clear agreement as to which are the best. Sometimes you might want to vote to see which are the most popular. Write the list down to some really good ideas. The brainstorm is worthwhile only if it delivers actions. We should run consistent brainstorm meetings with your team. They should be exciting and motivational for people. They can deliver the concepts and innovations you need to renovate your organization. Source: http://www.innovationmanagement.se/ How to be more creative and productive in the dreaming and scheming phase? Be willing to explore and play. If you’re trying to rush through this stage, you’re going to shut down your creativity and end up thinking smaller and creating a plan to create something mediocre. Rather than trying to figure it all out on paper or in your head, get out into the real world and test out your rough ideas. In the world of design and engineering, product requirements (also called ‘constraints’) can often feel like restraints to our creativity and ability to design a great product or solution. We’ve all experienced the feeling of frustration when a constraint has kept us from implementing a good solution, sometimes literally by only tenths of a millimeter. No doubt, constraints in product design can make our lives difficult, and finding a solution that fits them all simultaneously is no easy task. However, respecting the importance that constraints play in driving a great design solution may help you look at them more as your friend rather than your enemy. Concept selection is the process of evaluating concepts with respect to customer needs and other criteria, comparing the relative strengths and weaknesses of the concepts, and selecting one or more concepts for further investigation or development (SWOT analysis: strength, weakness, opportunities, threats). Decision techniques used for selecting concepts range from intuitive approaches to structured methods. Successful design is facilitated by structured concept selection. It is two stage process: concept screening and concept scoring. Concept screening uses a reference concept to evaluate concept variants against selection criteria. Concept scoring may use different reference points for each criterion. Concept screening uses a coarse comparison system to narrow the range of concepts under consideration. Concept scoring uses weighted selection criteria and a finer rating scale. Concept scoring may be skipped if concept screening produces a dominant concept. Both screening and scoring use a matrix as the basis of a six step process. The six steps are: Prepare the selection matrix Rate the concepts Rank the concepts Combine and improve the concepts Select one or more concepts Reflect on the results and the process. One of the reasons for us to select our project was that we wanted to design something based on emotion. Going beyond the basics functionality, consistency, and usability and we wanted to design something for humans, not for machines. We Learn how to express our brand’s personality and delight our audience through emotional design.

Figure 4. Design for Emotion

Most researchers within the field of product development agree on the importance of understanding customer needs when developing products. For example, Matzler, K. (1996) mentions: ‘A high level of customer satisfaction is one of the most powerful indicators for the future of a business. Satisfied customers are loyal customers and ensure a lasting cash-flow for the business in the future.’ As Ulrich, K. and Eppinger, T. (2008) puts it; ‘Developing great products is hard. Few companies are highly successful more than half the time. These odds present significant challenges for a product development team’. Similarly, Lager, T. (2005) mentions that ‘Nor is it enough anymore to develop a product that pleases the customer; it must also be better than competing products in the global arena.’ A company’s economic success depends on their ability to identify customer needs and quickly create products that meet the needs at a low cost (Ulrich, K. and Eppinger, T. 2012). In order to stay competitive on the market. Accordingly, to deliver an attractive end-product, it is important to keep customer focus in all stages of the product development process for all involved departments.

Figure 5. Customer oriented product development

During the workshops I have learnt the importance of converting your ideas into a tangible or CAD simulation prototype. In the earlier stages of product development once the team has selected the concept and wanted to pursue with their that idea, it is really important to make sketches and do some rough, quick and dirty prototyping as this will reveal number of issues related to design, feasibility and questions related to user experience. Right after the rapid prototype workshop I enrolled for a special course designed for 3D printing enthusiast. To learn how to use and print your own model with complex lattice structures. To meet the rigorous demands of product designers and development engineers, prototyping materials are the critical link to product design validation and product development process efficiency. Successful OEMs and product developers understand the value of time. Time-to-market can be dramatically reduced if prototype-to-production bridge materials mirror production material specifications. Most often it is not practical to produce hard tools to make a few parts. Hard tools are costly and time consuming. Design iterations and engineering revisions could quickly absorb budget, time and patience to complete a project. The basic procedure for all rapid prototyping techniques can be summarized as follows: 1. A CAD model is built, then converted to STL format. The resolution can be set to minimize stair stepping. 2. The Rapid Prototype machine processes the .STL file by creating sliced layers of the model. 3. The first layer of the physical model is created. The model is then lowered by the thickness of the next layer, and the process is repeated until completion of the model. 4. The model with any unnecessary supports are removed from the final product. The surface of the model is then manually finished and cleaned. Source: http://www.efunda.com/processes/rapid_prototyping/intro.cfm Figure 6. 3D printing selfie: An inspiration Writing my last lecture diary today for this course I will conclude it on summarizing the main concepts which were discussed during the interdisciplinary product development course. The interdisciplinary teams going to play an important role in future products development. Now the trend is shifting towards more and more user and costumer oriented designing. Companies and startups are more focusing on the customer demands, what they need, what problems they are facing, these been possible because of including interdisciplinary team member in decision making and product development stages. So now they can bring up the issues on to the table long before launching any product or service. Having a R&D person, marketing and manufacturing person sitting on the same table and brain storming for a unified goal or product will close the communication gap which uses to exist before when every team members used to work individually on their tasks without hearing the input from the person of different skill expertise. The design problems needed to be approach in a systemic ways, ones cannot tackle the problems or can came up with best possible solution if the project is not started in a systemic way. For designing a new product there is a systemic approach in which you start with choosing a team, choosing a project management method, development process, knowing the main problem of your project which you have to solve, from those problems you have to extract the requirement, needs or constraints depending upon the external governing factors. Lean startup product development combine with agile has to be adopted for startup companies. Once you know the domain of your problem and constraints then you start looking for benchmark, patents so you can create the concepts and once you have selected enough concepts within your team then you need to evaluate them using the previous available information. Even for concept synthesis there is a systematic approach which led you to the best optimal solution for the later stages of prototyping. And technologies now a days such as rapid prototyping has changed the way developers work these days. It has shorten the time to launch the product to the market with low cost and high quality.

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