app development essay

Common App essay examples that got applicants into top colleges

Composing essays for your college application is a challenging task. It is not enough to prepare a ‘good’ essay. College admissions committees review thousands upon thousands of college essays annually, making it crucial that your Common App essays stand out.

The good news is there are plenty of Common App essay examples available to get you started on your writing and provide you some much needed inspiration. Read on to learn about common application essays and check out the examples. 

The “Why us?” App Essay

The “diversity” app essay, the “challenges” app essay, the “community” app essay, the “extra-curricular activities” app essay, the “personal statement” app essay.

The purpose of a “why did you choose this college” essay is to help you persuade admissions committees that you are a good match. The essay is a chance for you to introduce yourself and talk about your passions. It is also important to exhibit genuine enthusiasm for the institution.

Sample answer from Essays That Worked: “The only reason I fear going for lunch in a hotel is probably because I wouldn’t choose between fried chicken and roasted meat and so is my dilemma over my college major. The multifaceted whole brain approach at McCormick, however, grants me the perfect opportunity to pursue my interest in Computer Science whilst acquiring the appropriate skills in entrepreneurship to a one day startup as an innovator.

As a NU computer scientist, I particularly look forward to Software Development EECS 473 – NUvention: Web, through which I would not only learn intricacies of Software development, but have related studies in real time software development in relation to market requirements in CS+X that would form a base for a startup. That would also provide a bridge for me to join Prof Todd Warren at Farley Center for Entrepreneurship and Innovation where I would specifically join the NUvention; Web + Media. Through this unparalleled program I would have the intimacy of working in a team with fellow wild cats towards an innovative business project. The results of which will be an introduction to the Northwestern Innovation and New Ventures Office (INVO) through which I look forward to gaining practical exposure in launching businesses to the general public.

Outside McCormick, I would be excited to pursue the Managerial analytics Certificate program at Kellogg to acquire intelligent business management skills, let off steam at SPARK exploring hacks while fostering entrepreneurial habits, and eventually joining preparations for the Benedictine Eagle Invite at the Henry Crown Sports Pavilion (SPAC) with the NU track club. I may not be the best of singers, but I do have intense phases of music obsessions and where better to let it off than taking non major classes at Bienen and joining one of the numerous Acapella groups as I await Armadillo day!”

Why does this essay work? 

The essay refers to specific programs and events that are unique to the school. The author also connects his personal interests with the type of activities he would like to engage in. The focus is on a handful of initiatives the author would be most interested in.

A diversity essay highlights the applicant’s unique background, identity, culture, beliefs, or connections to a particular community. It underlines what sets the applicant apart. These essays are used by colleges to promote diversity on campus, enhance the learning environment, and identify candidates eligible for scholarships aimed at underrepresented groups.

Sample Answer from Boston College : “I’m angry and I’m tired of pretending otherwise. There have been too many riots, too many marches, too many people shouting into uncaring ears when Black people get treated the way we do. How many dead fathers, sons, mothers, and daughters have to move from the front page of the news to the bottom of the social media feed before we get recognized and listened to. I just want to be heard. I have given up on the idea of waking up in a world where I am not afraid, angry, and weary. Maybe that world is for my grandkids, or my great-grandkids, but not me.

My mother and my father, my aunts and uncles, they were all very active in the protests – often at the front of the line – and they did not come through unscathed. They had bruises and blood spilt, they had broken bones. I know they will return to that battlefield, to protest peacefully until they cannot maintain that rank any longer. From these noble people I received my sense of righteous anger. But I also got good advice on how to use it well.

They know that protests are one thing, but action is another, and my mind has been geared toward law school for some time now, because I wanted to bring about the major changes that are needed for our society to move on. So, in addition to protests, I have been taking pre-law courses, and I have acquired a part-time job in the law firm where my uncle works, and while it is a small, office job, I get to spend a lot of time with my uncle learning about how to bring positive change by fighting big and little battles. Of course, he is also showing me how to fight those battles.

Anger alone isn’t going to settle anything, which is why I believe in making a better world with my actions and rhetoric. But I am still frustrated and furious, and while I am trying to find a hopeful place to get to, I’ll repeat that I don’t think we’ll see the better world I want. Maybe our grandkids, but not us. Hold on to that, get angry, and join me in pushing forward for them.”

The applicant talks about their personal experience beyond a general push for diversity. This authenticity makes the essay stand out, as it provides a genuine insight into the applicant’s life and character.The essay clearly articulates the applicant’s motivation for pursuing law school as a means to enact social change. It shows a thoughtful progression from anger and frustration to actionable goals and aspirations, which is exactly what admissions committees look for — students who are motivated by their experiences to make a positive impact.

This type of essay requires you to choose an obstacle you have encountered, explain how it impacted you, and outline the steps you took to overcome it. Life during college and beyond can be unpredictable. Through this essay, the admissions committee wants to see that you are adaptable, resilient, and able to think critically to solve problems. 

Sample Answer from CollegeVine: “You ruined my life!” After months of quiet anger, my brother finally confronted me. To my shame, I had been appallingly ignorant of his pain.

Despite being twins, Max and I are profoundly different. Having intellectual interests from a young age that, well, interested very few of my peers, I often felt out of step in comparison with my highly-social brother. Everything appeared to come effortlessly for Max and, while we share an extremely tight bond, his frequent time away with friends left me feeling more and more alone as we grew older.

When my parents learned about The Green Academy, we hoped it would be an opportunity for me to find not only an academically challenging environment, but also – perhaps more importantly – a community. This meant transferring the family from Drumfield to Kingston. And while there was concern about Max, we all believed that given his sociable nature, moving would be far less impactful on him than staying put might be on me.

As it turned out, Green Academy was everything I’d hoped for. I was ecstatic to discover a group of students with whom I shared interests and could truly engage. Preoccupied with new friends and a rigorous course load, I failed to notice that the tables had turned. Max, lost in the fray and grappling with how to make connections in his enormous new high school, had become withdrawn and lonely. It took me until Christmas time – and a massive argument – to recognize how difficult the transition had been for my brother, let alone that he blamed me for it.

Through my own journey of searching for academic peers, in addition to coming out as gay when I was 12, I had developed deep empathy for those who had trouble fitting in. It was a pain I knew well and could easily relate to. Yet after Max’s outburst, my first response was to protest that our parents – not I – had chosen to move us here. In my heart, though, I knew that regardless of who had made the decision, we ended up in Kingston for my benefit. I was ashamed that, while I saw myself as genuinely compassionate, I had been oblivious to the heartache of the person closest to me. I could no longer ignore it – and I didn’t want to.

We stayed up half the night talking, and the conversation took an unexpected turn. Max opened up and shared that it wasn’t just about the move. He told me how challenging school had always been for him, due to his dyslexia, and that the ever-present comparison to me had only deepened his pain.

We had been in parallel battles the whole time and, yet, I only saw that Max was in distress once he experienced problems with which I directly identified. I’d long thought Max had it so easy – all because he had friends. The truth was, he didn’t need to experience my personal brand of sorrow in order for me to relate – he had felt plenty of his own.

My failure to recognize Max’s suffering brought home for me the profound universality and diversity of personal struggle; everyone has insecurities, everyone has woes, and everyone – most certainly – has pain. I am acutely grateful for the conversations he and I shared around all of this, because I believe our relationship has been fundamentally strengthened by a deeper understanding of one another. Further, this experience has reinforced the value of constantly striving for deeper sensitivity to the hidden struggles of those around me. I won’t make the mistake again of assuming that the surface of someone’s life reflects their underlying story.”

For a ‘challenge’ essay, admissions committees look for evidence of resilience, problem-solving, and the ability to learn from difficult situations. This essay effectively addresses these criteria, presenting the writer as someone who has faced interpersonal challenges, reflected on their actions, and emerged more aware and compassionate.

The “Community” essay will prompt students to talk about a community to which they belong and what role they have played in that community. You can start by discussing a community you have previously been involved with and then outline how you intend to sustain your engagement with a similar community in college to give the admissions office an idea of what on-campus activities you would like to participate in. 

Sample answer from Baylor University : “Since getting involved in helping the homeless, I learned that for a time one of my relatives was homeless. When you have a house it’s easy to take it for granted, but all it takes is some bad luck for you to lose it. This is why I feel it’s so important that we all try to help those who have no home to go to.

As hard as it was to motivate others to volunteer and help out with our fundraiser, it was worth it in the end. We raised over $1,000 for the hurricane victims. Now when we see news coverage of that terrible disaster at least we know that we have done our small part to help. 

The reward for being a coach has nothing to do with winning games. The reward is seeing everyone working as a team and enjoying the game. Win or lose, as a coach you’re always proud after each game.”

Overall, this essay works because it skillfully combines personal motivation with community action, challenges faced during these endeavors, and reflections on what truly constitutes a reward. It not only showcases the applicant’s commitment to addressing community issues but also highlights valuable character traits such as empathy, leadership, and resilience. 

The essay about your extracurricular activities aims to provide admissions officers with insight into your involvement in extracurriculars and how that has influenced and inspired you. Rather than listing the activities mentioned in your resume, you should delve into how the extracurricular activities have impacted and shaped you.  

Sample answer from Admit Report : “As an impressionable six-year-old, I watched Meryl Streep-portrayed Miranda Priestly shape fashion history with a single word of disgust. I longed for my words to have such an impact.

Now, as an editor-in-chief myself, I oversee daily operations of The Hallway, my high school’s newspaper. Instead of shaping global fashion trends, I impact my community by ensuring everyone stays informed.

My place as editor-in-chief was solidified when, in March of last year, we published a breaking story. After a tip to our newspaper email address, a fellow reporter and I uncovered an academic dishonesty scandal. We conducted interviews, dug into school files, and reviewed old test keys to discover the cheating. My reporter wrote the story, and I edited it and put it on the front page. Our story became so big that it was republished in our city’s local newspaper.

Leading my team through this investigation taught me just how important journalism is. Even when people might be upset with what you write, what’s most important is the truth. People can’t make decisions if they’re uninformed about the facts. And reporters can’t investigate and write those stories without the support of a leader who’s willing to put in the work, too.

I doubt I’ll ever predict what we’ll be wearing next spring. But I know that my words will continue to have a deep impact on my community, and I can’t wait to find the next big story at The Catalyst.”

The applicant reflects on what they learned through their experience, especially the value of truth and the role of leadership in journalism.The essay concludes with a forward-looking statement, expressing eagerness to continue making an impact through journalism. This not only highlights the applicant’s passion for their extracurricular activity but also their intention to pursue this interest further, suggesting potential for future growth and contributions.

Through this essay, you can get the opportunity to show the college admissions committee who you are and why you deserve to be admitted to their school. The essay demonstrates the type of individual you are beyond  your academic grades and test scores. It is a chance for you to stand out as an individual. 

Sample answer from College Advisor : “Gymnastics has always been a part of my life and has shaped who I am today. Without gymnastics I would not have the same determined mindset, competitive nature, and appreciation of a team. If I were to neglect sharing this aspect of my life, my application would truly be incomplete.

When I was two years old, my parents enrolled me in the Parent-and-Me program at Countryside Gymnastics. At six, I became part of the pre-team program, Dynamos, and was placed in the compulsory team at age seven.  As a compulsory, I struggled to be as good as my teammates. This struggle caused frustration which evolved into determination and a competitive nature. Throughout the rest of my compulsory years, I gradually improved but still felt as though I were stuck. I knew I had to “up my game.”

The optional levels, 7 and up, brought a new factor—fear. Even though this fear did hold me back at times, I did not let it keep me from achieving my goals. Gymnastics is also extremely tough on the body. Once I entered the optional level of gymnastics, I trained at least 20 hours a week and endured the aches and pains that came along with it. However, I did not let these pains defeat me. When I reached level 9, I began to experience severe back pain, which a spine specialist diagnosed as a subcutaneous lipoma. Although the physician highly recommended I stop training to avoid complications later in life, I was too committed to stop the sport.  I let my desire push me through the pain, and I had a successful competition season, qualifying for the Region 8 Regional Competition in Jackson, Mississippi. 

During summer training in 2013, I worked as hard as possible to reach level 10, with the back pain progressively worsening. Once my pain peaked, my coach told me it may be time to “hang it up.” I could either quit or repeat level 9 with minimal training. Ultimately, the choice was mine. To prove I was capable of reaching level 10 and to support my team, I continued to train on a vigorous schedule. At level 10, I am the highest level gymnast at Countryside Gymnastics and am determined to have an exceptional competition season.

This determination and competitiveness that pushes me to accomplish my goals in gymnastics also exists in my current scholastics—the health sciences, which will ultimately prepare me for my future in pediatric medicine. Without the desire to be the best I can be, I might not have achieved success throughout my high school years.”

This personal statement application essay effectively showcases the applicant’s character, resilience, and the transferability of skills learned through sports to academic and personal pursuits.It is also well-structured, with a clear narrative arc that engages the reader from the beginning to the end.

These essays are a vital component of the college application. It’s an opportunity for applicants to showcase their personality, experiences, and values in a way that grades and test scores cannot. The example essays can give you ideas on themes, topics, or approaches you might want to consider and help you understand what makes an essay effective in terms of structure, tone, and content.

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Why Learn App Development?

There are many reasons to learn app development . If you have a great app idea but no clue how to develop it yourself, and you enjoy problem-solving, then learning how to create apps yourself may be in your best interest. You may also be interested in learning app development as a way to change careers. Working in tech can bring perks. No matter what your reason, the good news is there are ways for you to develop your skills and learn app development.

At Devmountain, we can help you learn app development in just 13 weeks. Our full-time, accelerated bootcamp schedule allows for immersive, in-person or remote education, which means you can get an education in iOS app development in just a few months.

Learning app development can lead to a future career and more creative opportunities in tech.

Why Is App Development Important?

App development is important in the modern world. People use mobile applications to perform daily tasks as part of their personal and professional lives. Not only does this mean it’s important for developers to be able to create these applications in the first place, it’s important that app developers be able to maintain existing applications with user bases.

Without app developers, companies and individuals would struggle to perform. Apps can be a great way for customers to interact with brands and businesses that they like. Apps can also be a great way for companies to communicate with their users. Developing iOS apps is important to anyone who uses Apple products, such as iPhones and iMacs.

Is It Hard to Learn App Development?

Learning app development for iOS devices has arguably become increasingly easier since the introduction of the programming language Swift. Before Swift, there was Objective-C . This older programming language is still used by existing applications, but new apps are being developed using Swift. If you learn Swift, you can develop apps for iOS devices.

In order to become a professional developer, able to work on both new apps and existing apps, it is best to learn both Swift and Objective-C. That being said, you can start by learning Swift before jumping into Objective-C. It takes hard work and dedication to learn anything new, and app development is no exception. With structure and support, you can learn app development .

Benefits of Learning App Development

Are there any benefits to learning app development? Particularly for iOS devices? Yes.

• You can work to bring your ideas to life
• You can show off your apps on the App Store
• You can add Swift and Objective-C to your resume
• You can pursue a career in app development
• You can work in a job that you love

Learn How to Develop Your Own Apps

If you want to learn how to develop your own apps, check out Devmountain’s iOS bootcamp course . With this course, you can learn full-time for 13 weeks how to use Xcode and Swift to code, test, and push live the apps you develop individually or as part of a development team.

Grab the iOS Course Outline to Get Started

Recommended reading.

What Languages Are iOS Apps Written In?

How Do You Get an App on the App Store?

iOS App Development for Beginners

• iOS Dev , iOS Development

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7 common questions about mobile app development answered

At DECODE, we get many inquiries and questions from clients and companies about the app development process.

How much does it cost?

How long does it take?

Is signing an NDA a good idea?

How do you earn money from your app?

Well, in the interest of our readers, we’ve compiled these common questions and will answer them in this article.

Table of Contents

How to validate an app idea?

Validating an app idea is the first and arguably most important step in app development. After all, what’s the use of building something that people don’t want?

But you’d be surprised that many developers skip this step. It’s why lack of a market need is the number one reason apps fail .

Source: The Web App Market

Fortunately, you have plenty of validation tools at your disposal to avoid this.

A proof of concept (POC) is most likely the earliest validation tool you’ll use. Its purpose is to test if the idea is technically feasible , especially if no one’s done it before.

A POC is the first gatekeeper tool because an app won’t fly if it doesn’t pass this test.

A good example of a POC is this test concept for a mask detection app . The developers wanted to know if the neural network algorithm could achieve this feat effectively.

Source: Net Solutions

The next validation tool is the prototype , an interactive mockup of your app. The main focus is testing the user experience, including UI design, color schemes, and user-friendliness.

Prototypes are usually done in the middle or end of development when the app idea is already refined.

It’s also often a key part of usability testing, where you validate the prototype with real users.

The last validation tool is the minimum viable product  or MVP. An MVP is a working  app that only includes the core features.

That means even if it’s a limited version, it should still be 100% functioning, with proper UX and implementation.

Source: Makers Now

The purpose of an MVP is to gather feedback from actual users. It is the ultimate validation tool because you evaluate your app against your target audience.

The most important thing is that validation shouldn’t be a one-time process. It would be best to do it consistently throughout app development with the appropriate tools at each stage.

How to protect an app idea?

Safety is a major concern for many clients when they outsource their project or seek consulting services. 

So how do you ensure that third-party developers won’t leak your app idea before you launch it?

There are several strategies you can consider here.

Source: Cleveroad

One common and effective strategy is to copyright your app. That means you legally declare that you own the app idea, and no one can’t copy it without your permission.

You can also trademark your logo, icon, app name, and other intellectual assets so competitors can’t use them.

However, copyrighting can be costly and time-consuming. And it’s only suitable if you already have a working prototype. What if you only have an app idea?

An NDA, or non-disclosure agreement, can help protect you in these cases.

NDAs are legal contracts that prohibit a person from revealing, sharing, or using anything related to your project to outsiders. If they do, you can sue them.

Signing an NDA is crucial whenever you need to work with a third-party provider. For instance, we use an NDA at DECODE even if you just want to consult with us—for your peace of mind.

Source: Aglowid

Occasionally, it’s also wise to enforce an NCC or non-compete clause.

This agreement prevents a third-party provider from revealing trade secrets or working on a competing app even after development .

Together, an NDA and an NCC can give you ample legal protection until your app can establish itself in the market.

How much does app development cost?

This is probably one of the most common questions we get from clients, so we’re here to demystify the process.

The truth is that it can be difficult to pin down the exact cost because app development is variable by nature. Many factors can easily bloat up the price.

The short answer is that it can be as cheap as $10,000 or as high as $150,000… or even millions in the case of high-profile apps like Uber or Facebook.

Source: SPD Load

As you can see above, the biggest cost factor is the platform where you’ll deploy the app.

Specifically, developing native apps for more than one OS will cost you significantly more. That’s because you need to hire iOS and Android developers separately.

A cross-platform tool like React Native can lower the price, but at a performance trade-off.

Source: Appinventiv

The app’s complexity also plays a big factor

Simple apps with basic UI and features typically have a $40,000-$120,000 price tag. At the end of that spectrum are complex apps with a customized UI and advanced functionality.

These can set you back $300,000 and more.

Finally, there’s also the matter of location.

App development costs tend to vary around the world because there’s a difference in developer rates.

Western developers typically command higher fees than their Asian or Eastern European counterparts.

Source: Fulcrum

Remember, though, that these are just guidelines. Thus, it’s still best to consult with an agency or service provider to get a more specific figure for your project.

How long does app development take?

Like development cost, the exact time to develop an app varies from project to project. But if you’d like some benchmarks, here are a few from Appinventiv:

So a good rule of thumb is to keep development time to a year or less, except for large or complex apps.

The bulk of this timeframe is taken up by the actual coding and testing of the app, which can take around 14–21 weeks. UX and UI design can collectively take 5–7 weeks.

And don’t forget about research, which lasts approximately 2–3 weeks.

Source: Existek

The exact timeframe, of course, depends on several factors.

Your app’s complexity perhaps has the biggest impact. It makes sense since advanced features, numerous modules, or bespoke UI design could take more time and effort to create.

Generally, complex apps take around 4–6 months longer than a simple project.

Some unexpected issues and problems can slow development, such as changing requirements or developers dropping mid-project.

That’s why it’s a good idea to add a buffer in your schedule to account for these.

Finally, your development team also plays a role in app development.

A skilled team using the right methodologies and communication protocols is more efficient. Thus, they can get the work done much faster than a mediocre team.

This brings us nicely to our next point:

How to choose a development team?

Your development team is the most critical part of a successful project. Without them, even the best ideas won’t come to light.

First off, though, you need to decide if you want to go with an in-house team, an extended team, or a dedicated team.

Forming an in-house team is the traditional  method, where you hire permanent staff. You handle every aspect of the process, from sourcing to onboarding employees.

An extended team involves hiring freelancers to supplement your existing development team. This is useful if you already have a core team but need more manpower or skills.

Lastly, we have a dedicated team, which is what we recommend.

Source: DECODE

A dedicated team functions just like an in-house team, except that they’re a third-party service provider. They also almost always work remotely.

Going with this approach is great because you don’t need to hire individual members of a team. Instead, an agency will do it for you.

They also have the experience to hire developers with the right skills that fit your project requirements.

But regardless of which team you go with, it pays to do your research first .

Look at their website and browse through their portfolio. It is much better if they have case studies since they can give you insights into their methodology and work ethics.

Checking reviews are also essential to see if past clients are happy with the provider. The best sources are impartial review sites like Clutch  and Goodfirms .

Source: Clutch

Don’t forget to check their pricing scheme as well. It’s best if they support time and materials pricing, as this gives the best flexibility and fairness.

For more information about this model, check out our guide here .

But this discussion brings up an important point—why do you even need to outsource?

Is outsourcing needed?

Outsourcing is becoming a popular arrangement for many companies, especially in the wake of the pandemic. Indeed, 45% of companies  expressed plans to outsource soon.

But being a popular setup doesn’t mean you have to adopt it blindly. It would be best if you outsourced for the right reasons.

And what are they?

Cost is, of course, the biggest reason to outsource.

In general, it’s 53% cheaper to get a third-party service provider than to hire a team from scratch.

That’s because you avoid extra hiring costs that people often overlook, such as onboarding, taxes, and benefits.

Another reason is lacking the required skills to tackle a project. This is especially useful if you’re entering a niche for the first time.

For example, say you want to enter the fintech space. To do so, you’d need financial regulation experts to help your app pass compliance.

And depending on which technology your app uses, you might also require blockchain, AI, or big data professionals.

Speeding up development time is another valid reason to outsource. That’s because it takes roughly 40 days to hire an in-house employee but only around 1–2 weeks to outsource.

It can be even faster if you work with a reputable agency like DECODE.

Source: Relevant

Lastly, you should outsource if you don’t have an established process and structure, which is typical for startups.

Partnering with an experienced team allows you to benefit from the workflow they’ve already established.

How to monetize an app?

Ultimately, you build apps so you can earn profits. The way to do this is to implement the right monetization strategy.

Using the right monetization approach is key—otherwise, you risk alienating your user base. Some niches are already predisposed to a specific strategy, so you can start with those.

Source: Martech Series

The freemium model involves offering most of your app free, except for premium features that are only present in a paid version.

This is a popular approach because it’s easy to rack up users (everyone loves getting something for free, after all).

And if your app experience is so good that people want to upgrade, you should earn enough from premium users to turn a profit.

In-app purchases are similar to freemium, but users don’t need to upgrade. Instead, they can unlock certain features or buy virtual items within the free app.

This is incredibly popular with mobile games, where people can purchase in-game items that give them an advantage.

Source: Intego

The  subscription model is also popular, where you charge a monthly fee. This is the default approach for music and streaming apps like Spotify and Netflix.

If you want to keep your app completely free for users, you can instead earn through running ads . Here, advertisers pay you for the right to show ads to your users.

While this approach is easy, you must be careful not to disrupt the user experience. A common tactic is offering in-app incentives to watch an ad.

Lastly, you can opt for a one-time payment  before users can download the app. However, the drawback is that you need to keep getting new users to maintain consistent revenues.

The app must also be attractive enough for users to pay upfront.

Have more questions?

We hope we’ve clarified the app development process for you in this article.

App development is a complex process with lots of moving parts. It’s a tall order to cover everything in such a short article, so we probably missed out on a few things.

So, if you have further things you need to ask or clarify, don’t hesitate to get in touch with us! We’re always happy to help.

Marko Strizic

Co-founder and ceo.

Marko started DECODE with co-founders Peter and Mario, and a decade later, leads the company as CEO. His role is now almost entirely centred around business strategy, though his extensive background in software engineering makes sure he sees the future of the company from every angle. A graduate of the University of Zagreb’s Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, he’s fascinated by the architecture of mobile apps and reactive programming, and a strong believer in life-long learning. Always ready for action. Or an impromptu skiing trip.

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Open Access Dissertations

Three essays on mobile application developers’ product offering strategies.

Degan Yu , University of Rhode Island Follow

Date of Award

Degree type.

Dissertation

Degree Name

Doctor of Philosophy in Business Administration

Specialization

Operations and Supply Chain Management

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First Advisor

In the recent years, mobile applications (apps) have been immensely changing the way of communication, socialization, work, and recreation through mobile devices. Mobile app developers usually face challenges in product offering decisions. In the dissertation I study app developers’ product offering decisions when facing the setting of multiple platforms, in-app purchase (IAP), and in-app advertisement (IADV). In specific, I construct various analytical models in order to capture different conditions faced by app developers. In the first essay, I develop an analytical framework to address a product offering problem for an app developer that introduces paid or free apps in a two-platform market. When offering a paid app, I find that the developer should launch the product in the more profitable platform that has relative advantages in user base and willingness to pay; whether the developer should launch the same app in a second platform depends on the app launching cost. I find that launching free apps in both platforms is a better choice as long as users are tolerant to advertisements in the app. If users are not tolerant to advertisements, the developer should launch the app in the more profitable platform. Furthermore, I find that if users’ disutility sensitivity to advertisement is very small, it is better to introduce the free app rather than the paid app. In the second essay, I consider mobile app developers’ product versioning decisions by focusing on IAP. Should a developer provide consumers an app (free or paid) with IAP option in one platform (e.g., Android or iOS), and how should it design and price the basic app and IAP? I find that the answer to the former question is “it depends”, although in most situations offering IAP is a better choice. I also compare forward-looking and myopic strategies and show that the former always outperforms the latter. In the third essay, I focus on app developers’ decision on the frequency of displaying ads to current users; also, I examine app developers’ revenue model selection. From app developers’ perspective, I show that under information asymmetry condition it is possible to figure out the optimal ad frequency. Furthermore, “trial and then free without ads” (TF) is always suboptimal. “Trial and then paid” (TP) strategy is dominant if market size is small; otherwise, “trial and then free with ads” (TFA) strategy is dominant. The welfare analysis suggests that any of the above three strategies can result in the highest total welfare depending on market size and users’ attributes.

Recommended Citation

Yu, Degan, "Three Essays on Mobile Application Developers’ Product Offering Strategies" (2017). Open Access Dissertations. Paper 625. https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/oa_diss/625

Since August 11, 2017

https://doi.org/10.23860/diss-yu-degan-2017

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Mobile application development is the process of making software for smartphones, tablets and digital assistants, most commonly for the Android and iOS operating systems.

The software can be preinstalled on the device, downloaded from a mobile app store or accessed through a mobile web browser. The programming and markup languages used for this kind of software development include Java, Swift, C# and HTML5.

Mobile app development is rapidly growing. From retail, telecommunications and e-commerce to insurance, healthcare and government, organizations across industries must meet user expectations for real-time, convenient ways to conduct transactions and access information. Today, mobile devices and the mobile applications that unlock their value are the most popular way for people and businesses to connect to the internet. To stay relevant, responsive and successful, organizations need to develop the mobile applications that their customers, partners and employees demand.

Yet mobile application development might seem daunting. Once you’ve selected the OS platform or platforms, you need to overcome the limitations of mobile devices and usher your app all the way past the potential hurdles of distribution. Fortunately, by following a few basic guidelines and best practices, you can streamline your application development journey.

To learn more about the specifics of mobile application development on either platform, read our articles on iOS app development  and Android app development .

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Many independent application development teams choose to build their apps for Android first. Why? The vast majority, around 70 percent, of smartphones run Android, and the Google Play Store has fewer restrictions than the Apple App Store. On the other hand, mobile applications developed for iOS have far fewer devices that need support, making optimization simpler. And user retention is typically higher for iOS applications.

Depending on the intended use case and target audience for the mobile application you are developing, you might have other considerations. For example, if you’re designing an app for your organization’s employees, you’ll need to support the platforms they use, which might mean developing cross-platform apps that work for both Android and iOS. Or if you’re building a mobile application for your customers and you know most of them use iPhones, then developing iOS applications should be a top priority. Other considerations when developing your mobile applications include monetization strategies and anticipated user behavior, which can be influenced by geographical and cultural factors.

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Let’s say you need to do mobile application development for both the Android operating system and iOS. What is the best software development approach?

You might develop two native applications. Taking advantage of native APIs and OS-specific programming languages can help you build a powerful app. Most enterprise apps, especially ones that require substantial application programming interface (API) traffic, benefit from native development.

If you decide to develop native applications one at a time, you’ll likely want to begin with Android, for some of the same reasons that independent app developers often focus on Android. You’ll probably have better luck developing the full application as an MVP on Android and then converting and optimizing it to iOS after release.

You will still need to debug and rewrite the code for the native language and redesign the front-end user interface, because the two operating systems function differently, making cross-platform operation impossible.

So why not start completely from scratch? While you can’t translate the code into a new programming language, much of the back end can be replicated cross-platform. Frameworks, libraries and third-party extensions often function identically in both environments, allowing you to avoid costly reworking. You can also use a prebuilt mobile cloud service, such as IBM Mobile Foundation , to manage the web back end.

Another option is to go hybrid, taking a write-once-run-anywhere approach. Hybrid apps use a single codebase that can function on either platform. They’re typically coded in a programming language that’s universally recognized, such as Java, JavaScript, HTML or CSS. Because you’re denied access to the operating system’s native APIs, hybrid mobile application development works best for simple web applications, three- or four-page mobile applications with limited functions.

Whether you choose native or hybrid mobile application development, one of the first hurdles you’ll need to overcome is the relatively limited resources on mobile devices. Your target mobile device has much less processing power and memory than desktop computers or enterprise servers. These constraints might seem like a significant challenge, especially if you’re more familiar with the comparatively boundless resources for conventional software development for web apps.

Limited mobile platform resources mean you need to adjust your goals for your app design.

Throughout the mobile application development process, developers must work to help ensure that their mobile app is less resource intensive than a typical desktop application.

Delivering a great user experience is vital. That starts with understanding that your user interface for a mobile app should be simpler than a desktop application interface. By creating a straightforward UX design that is focused on critical functions, you can provide a better user experience while consuming fewer resources.

Your mobile app interface should be designed for touch. Mobile users must be able to navigate your app easily and provide input without excessive typing.

Fortunately, these requirements for efficient, simple touch-based apps map well to user expectations. Mobile users generally want to accomplish tasks easily, with just a few taps. They want apps that are above all fast, convenient and simple to use on their mobile devices.

What if your mobile application requires more processing than a typical mobile platform can support? Consider offloading that processing to the cloud.

Through the judicious use of APIs, you can connect your app to cloud-based services and databases to provide advanced functions without slowing your application or straining the device it is running on. You can even offload data storage and caching to a cloud-based server , leaving little data on the device.

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The cloud can offer other advantages beyond performance boosts. Connect your mobile application to powerful cloud services to add features and improve usability. Employ APIs to integrate new features, such as advanced cloud-based services that can help you enhance your mobile apps. These include push notifications, IBM Watson®, powered AI analytics, Internet of Things (IoT) smart device integration and more.

Neither Android nor iOS is an open environment. Before your application can be officially distributed, you’ll need to join the appropriate developer program.

The Android mobile application development program lets you use your existing Google account to create a developer account, pay the USD 25 fee and submit your application. Google Play, the official Android store, does have quality standards that must be met before publication, but they’re more guidelines than actual rules. As part of your app development process, you can also distribute your applications outside the Google Play store and allow users to directly download and install them.

By contrast, the Apple mobile application development program sets a high barrier to entry. You need to pay a program fee of USD 99 per year and adhere to high standards. When you’re a member of the program, you get early access to beta versions of the operating systems and proprietary frameworks or APIs. Meeting the high standards for the App Store also signifies to the world that you’ve developed a high-quality app.

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The Ethics of Mobile App Development: Considerations and Best Practices

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In the modern era, mobile applications have become a significant part of our daily lives. They help us with everything from communication to entertainment and even education.

However, with great power comes great responsibility, and mobile app developers must take ethical considerations into account when creating their products. This article will explore some of the most critical ethical considerations and best practices that mobile app developers should follow.

The popularity of mobile applications has skyrocketed over the past few years. With millions of people using these apps daily, developers have an opportunity to create products that can make a significant impact on people’s lives.

However, as app developers, we also have a responsibility to ensure that our products are ethically sound and do not harm users or society. In this article, we’ll explore some of the ethical considerations that mobile app developers must take into account when developing their products and outline some best practices to follow.

Data Privacy:

Data privacy is one of the most important ethical considerations for mobile app developers. Apps often collect user data, including personal information, location data, and search history. Developers must ensure that users’ data is collected and used ethically and responsibly.

They should make sure that they obtain explicit consent from users before collecting their data and inform them about how their data will be used. Developers must also protect user data from breaches and cyber-attacks.

Inclusivity and Accessibility:

Mobile app developers must ensure that their products are accessible to everyone, regardless of their abilities. This means considering the needs of users with disabilities and ensuring that the app is compatible with assistive technologies. Developers should also make sure that their app is inclusive and does not discriminate against users based on their gender, race, religion, or sexual orientation.

User Safety:

Mobile apps can be a powerful tool for improving people’s lives, but they can also be dangerous if they are not designed with user safety in mind. Developers should ensure that their apps do not promote or enable illegal activities, such as drug use or human trafficking. They should also take measures to prevent cyberbullying and harassment within the app.

Transparency:

Developers should be transparent about how their apps work, how they collect and use user data, and what third-party services they use. This means providing clear and concise privacy policies and terms of service. Developers should also be upfront about any fees or charges associated with their app and should not mislead users about what they are paying for.

Sustainability:

Mobile app development can have a significant impact on the environment, and developers should take steps to ensure that their apps are sustainable. This includes using eco-friendly technologies, reducing energy consumption, and minimizing waste. Developers should also consider the social impact of their app and ensure that it does not contribute to social or environmental problems.

Responsible Advertising:

Advertising can be a valuable source of revenue for app developers, but it can also be intrusive and misleading. Developers should ensure that their advertising practices are responsible and do not mislead users. They should also avoid using targeted advertising that is based on sensitive user data, such as medical information or sexual orientation.

User Feedback:

Developers should actively seek and incorporate user feedback into their app development process. This can help identify ethical issues that may have been overlooked and improve the overall user experience. Developers should also respond to user feedback promptly and make changes based on their suggestions.

Collaboration with Experts:

Developers should seek advice from experts in fields such as ethics, security, and accessibility. This can help ensure that their app is designed with ethical considerations in mind and is safe and accessible for all users. Developers should also collaborate with other app developers to share best practices and discuss ethical issues in the industry.

Avoiding Bias:

Developers must ensure that their apps do not perpetuate or amplify existing biases. This means avoiding biased language or content and ensuring that the app does not discriminate against users based on their gender, race, religion, or sexual orientation. Developers should also consider the potential impact of their app on marginalized communities and take steps to avoid harm.

Minimizing Distractions:

Mobile apps can be incredibly addictive, and developers must take steps to minimize distractions and promote healthy app usage. This includes limiting notifications and encouraging users to take breaks from the app. Developers should also avoid using tactics such as dark patterns that manipulate users into spending more time or money on the app.

Social Responsibility:

Mobile app developers must consider the social impact of their products and ensure that they do not contribute to social problems. For example, developers should not create apps that promote hate speech or enable online bullying. They should also ensure that their app is not used for illegal activities, such as drug sales or human trafficking.

Continuous Improvement:

Mobile app development is an ongoing process, and developers must continuously evaluate and improve their products’ ethical considerations. This includes staying up-to-date with the latest ethical trends and best practices, regularly reviewing and updating privacy policies, and responding to changes in the legal or social landscape.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, mobile app developers have a responsibility to ensure that their products are ethically sound and do not harm users or society.

This article has explored some of the most critical ethical considerations that developers must take into account when creating their products, including data privacy, inclusivity and accessibility, user safety, transparency, sustainability, responsible advertising, user feedback, collaboration with experts, avoiding bias, minimizing distractions, social responsibility, and continuous improvement.

By following these best practices and incorporating ethical considerations into their app development process, developers can create products that make a positive impact on society while ensuring the safety and well-being of their users.

We are a digital magazine focused on the mobile app ecosystem aggregating, writing and publishing the best of the tech news in the mobile app ecosystem. Our constant endeavor is to get the most actionable news for you to use.

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The mobile application development industry is constantly evolving, with new technologies and trends emerging all the time. In this blog, we’ll take a look at some of the key trends that are shaping the future of mobile app development.

• Wearable technology: Enterprises are focusing on apps that link with wearable devices to give information in innovative ways. This will have a significant impact on a wide range of products and services in industries such as sports, fitness, fashion, hobbies, and healthcare. Connecting wearable gadgets to smartphones will have a significant impact on future mobile app development tactics, paving the door for new generations of apps that will inspire and improve the user experience dramatically.

The future of mobile app development is exciting and full of potential. With the rise of AI and ML, cross-platform development, progressive web apps, the Internet of Things, and 5G, developers have the tools they need to create truly innovative and transformative mobile apps that can change the way we live and work.

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Essay On Smart Phone App Development

Type of paper: Essay

Topic: Technology , Company , Development , Business , Telephone , Innovation , Software , Mobile Phones

Published: 01/30/2020

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Smart phones have revolutionized the marketplace of mobile gadgets. These handhelds merge computer and mobile phone features; hence inflating the functionality of conventional mobile phone devices. According to Weinberg, “the spread of Internet-complete smart phones has generated a demand for applications to simplify the users’ tasks. These applications, often referred to as "apps", can play games, perform information retrieval, augment reality, record messages or do virtually everything else that the hardware of the smart phone supports (Weinberg, n.d.). Modern smart phones bear a resemblance to tablet PCs and put forward ample opportunities to smart phone users whilst leveraging their capacities. Smart phones have transformed from expensive and extravagant gizmos into necessity commodities, over a short period. Currently mobile app developers and software companies toil on the development of an assortment of smart phone applications both for everyday use and for business purposes. Smartphone app developers have a key role for organizations such as Apple or Blackberry since they are in charge for the creation of programs and new contents that turn out to be real innovations acting in response to the needs of the users. Common users may be provided with tools that facilitate the development of applications easily that likely to represent innovations in the manner people interact all over the world via digital technologies. It may be interesting to appreciate and understand the rationale behind these companies doing so and how they preserve and exploit these newly-fangled sources of innovation. It may also be relevant to consider the motivations in the wake of users eager to develop applications and to demonstrate how to reach an assured balance all the way through regimes of “appropriateness”; app development for smart phone, may be thought about as a relevant instance of innovation by the user jointly with the revolution carried as a result of smart phones. This may be reshaping the manner in which people interact, the manner they live in their cities and the manner in which companies offer their services. Services offered by smart phone app development vary from ad apps, business management and planning solutions, multimedia file sharing products, money and financial management applications, blogging and networking apps to the development of educational and medical smart phone apps, entertainment and leisure smart phone products and various GPS applications (Dvorak, 2010).. Thus, large and small businesses may take benefit of smart phones to link-up to their customers through mobile devices, make available information with reference to the company and provide their services in the “mobile environment”. Companies offer their customers web applications access, which are often ported to smart phones and tailored for the utilization on these pocket-sized devices. Currently, smart phone leaders in the market include: Nokia, Android, BlackBerry, windows-based mobile devices and iPhone; although, Android and iPhone handhelds have undoubtedly hit the big times, recently (Dvorak, 2010). Hence, smart phone application developers vigorously use Windows Mobile, iOS, Symbian, Android and BlackBerry platforms for the development of “apps” that continue to meet the constant growing smart phone users’ demands. Today, Mobile app developers and software development companies may be equipped with all the indispensable development tools so as to provide users with affluent mobile experiences and deliver “state of the art” smart phone solutions. Moreover, with various Java mobile development technologies like Java ME, smart phone app development using these technologies has become popular due to flexibility and robustness of “Java-based” apps and their “cross-platform” portability that is aligned with the motto of Java where one writes once and runs everywhere. In a nutshell, since smart phones relies on the innovation of apps to connect smart phone users to their preferred interests, whether social networking, gaming and other interests, smart phone app development ought to be encouraged so as to maintain the high levels of innovation.

Dvorak, C. John. (2010, Jan 22). The Grim Future of Smart phone App Development. Retrieved on 2 April, 2013; from, http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2358285,00.asp Weinberg, D., (n.d.). Considerations for Developing Applications for Smart phones. Demand Media. Retrieved on 2 April, 2013; from, http://techtips.salon.com/considerations developing-applications-smartphones-177.html

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Web Application Development Essay

The ways to specify the colors in css: pros and cons, enterprise web development and distributed web applications, the browsers’ internal style sheets differences, the compatibility of website with the browsers, designing for iphone users, issue of contents and devices compatibility: tables, w3c standards for developing content for wireless technologies, works cited.

There are multiple methods of the color indication in CSS: hexadecimal color value, RGB, HSL, color keywords and X11, etc. (Dawson par. 1). Hexadecimal value is the most popular method to specify colors. It provides a large color range and is very precise, it thus widely supported by the internet browsers. RGB color value is also well elaborated.

One can specify the color by combining RGB red, green, and blue values. HSL color value successfully compliments RGB notation. HSL provides the combination of hue, saturation, and brightness. Color keywords specification has the easiest format because it doesn’t require any calculations of degrees and percentages. Previously, the keywords notation was too basic but it was expanded with the X11 color palette. Nevertheless, the lack of its support by browsers makes it difficult to use.

Nowadays, the programmers often argue about the best data models suitability for the application development. But according to the experience of many web developers, all the programming languages have advantages and disadvantages (Saint Laurent par. 4).

The main challenge in the development of enterprise applications is the choice of the language, data models, and scripts or their combination to provide the product’s efficiency. The choice of the programming language must be determined by the consideration of the multiple nuances and requires the strategic research. The second challenge is the development of the flexible design that could be suitable for a big number of devices. The success of the content delivery depends on the user’s technological capability.

The abrupt differences can be easily smoothened by the implementation of the layouts that can be adjusted according to browser’s environment. For example, one can choose a relative layout or an elastic layout. The relative layout adjusts the size of the page according to the browser’s view, and the elastic layout can be expanded or narrowed in size (Dawson par. 4).

The design will be developed for the travel company. It requires many pictures, it should be bright enough to draw attention yet shouldn’t repel. The sizes of fonts, the color matching, the sizes of pictures must be taken into consideration because the browsers can display them differently. The layout format will be the most relaxed and mutable. However, the smart placing of page elements and their correspondence with the website’s style is crucial.

The design for iPhone users is more fixed; it can be kept up to the certain rules while the designing for browsers has to deal with the multiple differences of browsers’ capabilities. Nevertheless, designing for iPhones requires the designer’s comprehension. For example, a designer need to know that the element must be smaller, the text formatting must be suitable for the small screen, and the links should consist of more than one word to tap easily (Kyrnin par. 6).

The large default tables can’t be completely seen on the screen of the mobile devices. Some alterations thus are required. A designer needs to take into consideration the amount of the table’s content and the device’s capability to support CSS and JavaScript. The content can be distributed in small tables, converted into a pie chart, or placed in PDF file with the link available for a customer (“Tables in Responsive Design” par. 8).

The W3C standards are needed for the developmental processes regulation and the positive outcomes of the design. HTML is considered to be a standard, and it is commonly accepted (Dubost par. 10). Moreover, the wireless devices can support only HTML and its variations.

The technology’s format must be considered by a designer, and the rules must be followed. For example, a designer needs to know that the mobile technologies usually do not support Flash and Cookies. A designer also needs to consider that the sizes of the elements should be relative.

“Tables in Responsive Design.” Liquid Light 10 December 2013: n.pag. Web.

Dawson, Alexander. “A Guide on Layout Types in Web Design.” Six Revisions 22 July 2010: n.pag. Web.

Dawson, Alexander. “A Guide to CSS Colors in Web Design.” Six Revisions 1 June 2011: n.pag. Web.

Dubost, Karl. “My Web Site Is a Standard! And Yours?” W3C Quality Assurance 8 April 2002: n.pag. Web.

Kyrnin, Jennifer. “How to Write Web Pages for Mobil Devices: Tips to Design Web Pages that Work Well on Small Screen Mobile Devices.” About Tech . n.d. n.pag. Web.

Saint Laurent, Simon. “Web Application Development is Different (and Better).” Radar 29 January 2014: n.pag. Web.

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