how to cite lecture notes apa in text

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APA Citation Guide (7th Edition): Presentations and Class Notes

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In-Text Citation or Reference List?

Handouts distributed in class and presentation slides such as PowerPoint should be cited both in-text and on the Reference list.

Your own notes from lectures are considered personal communications in APA style. They are cited within the text of your assignment, but do not get an entry on the Reference list.

Presentation Slides from a Website

Author, A. A. (Year, Month Date). Title of presentation  [Lecture notes, PowerPoint Slides, etc.]. Publisher. URL

Kunka, J. L. (n.d.). Conquering the comma [PowerPoint presentation]. Purdue Online Writing Lab. http://owl.english.purdue.edu/workshops/pp/index.html#presentations

Presentation Slides from WebCampus (Canvas)

Instructor, I. I. (Year Presentation Was Created).  Title of presentation  [PowerPoint presentation]. WebCampus. URL

Graham, J. (2013).  Introduction: Jean Watson  [PowerPoint presentation]. WebCampus. https://unr.instructure.com/login/canvas

Note : The first letter of the word Watson is capitalized as it is part of a person's name.

Class Handouts from WebCampus (Canvas)

Instructor, I. I. (Year Handout Was Created if known).  Title of handout  [Class handout]. WebCampus. URL

Magowan , A. (2013).  Career resources at the library   [Class handout]. WebCampus. https://unr.instructure.com/login/canvas

Class Handout in Print

Instructor, I. I. (Year Handout Was Created if known).  Title of handout  [Class handout]. University Name, Course code.

Wood, D. (2013).  Laboratory safety overview  [Class handout]. University of Nevada, Reno,  BIO173.

Class Lectures (Notes from)

Note : Your own notes from a lecture are considered personal communications in APA style. They are cited within the text of your assignment, but do not get an entry on the Reference list. Put the citation right after a quote or paraphrased content from the class lecture.

(I. I. Instructor who gave lecture, personal communication, Month Day, Year lecture took place)

"Infections are often contracted while patients are recovering in the hospital" (J. D. Black, personal communication, May 30, 2012).

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APA Citation Guide (7th edition) : Class Notes, Class Lectures and Presentations

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On This Page

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Hanging Indents:

All citations should be double-spaced and have a hanging indent in a Reference list.

A "hanging indent" means that each subsequent line after the first line of your citation should be indented by 0.5 inches.

Hyperlinks:

Both blue underlined (live) hyperlinks and black without underlining are both acceptable.

All hyperlinks must include https://

Do not put a period after DOIs or hyperlinks.

In-Text Citation or References List

Handouts distributed in class and presentation slides such as PowerPoint should be cited both in-text and in the Reference list.

Your own notes from lectures are considered personal communications in APA style. They are cited within the text of your assignment, but do not get an entry on the Reference list since they are not a published source.

Instructor's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if given. (Year Presentation Was Created). Title of presentation: Subtitle if any [PowerPoint presentation]. eLearn. URL

Powerpoint Presentation Slides from a Website

Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if given. (Year Presentation Was Created). Title of presentation: Subtitle if any [PowerPoint presentation]. Name of Website if given. URL

Note about h yperlinks:

It is acceptable for hyperlinks to be blue and underlined (live) or black without underlining.

Class Handouts from eLearn

Instructor's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if given. (Year Handout Was Created if known). Title of handout: Subtitle if any [Class handout]. CAMS. URL

Instructor's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if given. (Year Handout Was Created if known). Title of handout: Subtitle if any [Class handout]. University Name, Course code.

Note : Your own notes from a lecture are considered personal communications in APA style. They are cited within the text of your assignment, but do not get an entry on the References list. Put the citation right after a quote or paraphrased content from the class lecture.

(First Initial of Faculty Who Gave Lecture. Second Initial if known. Last Name, personal communication, Month Day, Year lecture took place)

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• How to Cite a Lecture | APA, MLA & Chicago Examples

How to Cite a Lecture | APA, MLA & Chicago Examples

Published on March 19, 2021 by Jack Caulfield . Revised on June 28, 2022.

To cite a lecture or speech, you need an in-text citation and a corresponding reference listing the speaker, the title of the lecture, the date it took place, and details of the context (e.g. the name of the course or event and the institution).

The exact information included varies depending on how you viewed the lecture and what citation style you are using. The main citation styles are APA , MLA , and Chicago style .

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Table of contents

Citing a lecture in apa style, citing a lecture in mla style, citing a lecture in chicago style, frequently asked questions about citations.

In APA Style, you don’t provide a formal citation for a lecture unless it is recorded or documented in some way. This is based on the idea that it’s only useful to document sources your reader can actually access.

Instead, you should usually just cite the lecture as a personal communication in parentheses in the text. State the lecturer’s name (initials and last name), the words “personal communication,” and the date of the lecture.

For a talk at a conference, you do provide a full reference entry and APA in-text citation. For example, a paper presentation is cited in the following format.

A different format is used to cite information from the lecture slides themselves.

Recorded or transcribed speeches

When citing a speech or lecture that you accessed as a recording or transcript, the format follows that of the source type that contains the speech (e.g. book , website , newspaper ).

For example, the following is a citation of an audio recording of a speech hosted on a website.

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In an MLA Works Cited entry for an in-person lecture , list the title in quotation marks, with headline capitalization, and include the word “Lecture” (or a more specific descriptive term) at the end of the entry.

The MLA in-text citation just lists the speaker’s last name.

A different format is used to cite information from lecture slides .

When a lecture or speech is recorded or transcribed within another source (e.g. a website , a book ), you should follow the format for the relevant source type, adding a descriptive phrase at the end of the Works Cited entry to clarify what kind of source it is.

For example, the following is a citation of a speech in audio form from a website.

In Chicago notes and bibliography style, you cite sources using Chicago style footnotes and corresponding entries in the bibliography.

A bibliography entry for a lecture you viewed in person lists the title of the lecture and the event or institution that hosted it. It also includes a descriptive label (e.g. “Lecture”) to clarify the type of source.

A more specific label can be used if you’re citing information specifically from the slides or lecture handout:

Chicago also offers an alternative author-date citation style ; examples of lecture citations in this style can be found here .

When you’re citing a recorded or transcribed lecture (rather than one you saw in person), the format depends on the type of source that contains it (e.g. book , newspaper , website ).

For example, the following citation refers to an audio recording of a speech, hosted on a website.

The main elements included in a lecture citation across APA , MLA , and Chicago style are the name of the speaker, the lecture title, the date it took place, the course or event it was part of, and the institution it took place at.

For transcripts or recordings of lectures/speeches, other details like the URL, the name of the book or website , and the length of the recording may be included instead of information about the event and institution.

When you want to cite a specific passage in a source without page numbers (e.g. an e-book or website ), all the main citation styles recommend using an alternate locator in your in-text citation . You might use a heading or chapter number, e.g. (Smith, 2016, ch. 1)

In APA Style , you can count the paragraph numbers in a text to identify a location by paragraph number. MLA and Chicago recommend that you only use paragraph numbers if they’re explicitly marked in the text.

For audiovisual sources (e.g. videos ), all styles recommend using a timestamp to show a specific point in the video when relevant.

Check if your university or course guidelines specify which citation style to use. If the choice is left up to you, consider which style is most commonly used in your field.

• APA Style is the most popular citation style, widely used in the social and behavioral sciences.
• MLA style is the second most popular, used mainly in the humanities.
• Chicago notes and bibliography style is also popular in the humanities, especially history.
• Chicago author-date style tends to be used in the sciences.

Other more specialized styles exist for certain fields, such as Bluebook and OSCOLA for law.

The most important thing is to choose one style and use it consistently throughout your text.

Cite this Scribbr article

If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the “Cite this Scribbr article” button to automatically add the citation to our free Citation Generator.

Caulfield, J. (2022, June 28). How to Cite a Lecture | APA, MLA & Chicago Examples. Scribbr. Retrieved April 8, 2024, from https://www.scribbr.com/citing-sources/cite-a-lecture/

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• Writing Tips

How to Cite a Lecture or Lecture Notes in APA Referencing

3-minute read

• 6th October 2021

Lectures are useful sources of information in academic writing. But how do you cite a lecture or lecture notes using APA referencing ? In this post, we will explain the basics of in-text citations and reference list entries for published lecture notes, video recordings of lectures, and unrecorded lectures.

Citing Published Lecture Notes in APA Referencing

APA is an author–date referencing system, which means that you cite sources by giving the author’s surname and the date of publication in the text. For published lecture notes, this means citing the person who prepared the lecture notes (usually the same person who gave the lecture) and the year of the lecture:

For Jones (2016), balanced literacy is vital.

Balanced literacy requires equal input and output (Smith, 2019).

In the reference list , meanwhile, you would list published lecture notes as follows:

Surname, Initial(s). (Year, date of publication). Title of lecture [Format of notes]. Name of site where notes are available. URL

Therefore, we would list the lecture notes above accordingly:

Jones, J. (2016, March 23). Guided reading: Making the most of it [PowerPoint slides]. SlideShare. https://www.slideshare.net/hellojenjones/guided-reading-making-the-most-of-it

Smith, T. (2019, October 30). Lecture 1: Introducing balanced literature [PDF lecture notes]. School of Education, University of Somewhere. https://www.universityofsomewhere.ac.uk/education/lecture-notes/smith/balanced-literature

However, this only applies if the lecture notes have been made available after the fact (e.g., via a college website). To cite a lecture directly, see the options below.

Citing a Recording of a Lecture in APA Referencing

For a video recording of a lecture, the rules are a little different. Rather than citing the person who gave the lecture, you will need to cite the account that uploaded the video lecture to the host site. For example, if you were citing this video , you would cite “YaleCourses” as the author (not “Fry,” the lecturer):

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Truth in literature differs from everyday truth (YaleCourses, 2009).

And if you are quoting the video, you may need to provide a timestamp .

In the reference list, meanwhile, you will need to use the following format:

Name of Account. (Year, date of upload). Title of video [Video]. Host site. URL

Therefore, the reference list entry for the video above would read as follows:

YaleCourses. (2009, September 1). 1. Introduction [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4YY4CTSQ8nY

Citing an Unrecorded Lecture in APA Referencing

You can also cite an unrecorded lecture as a personal communication in APA referencing. To do this, you would need to give the initial(s) and surname of the lecturer, plus the exact date of the lecture, in your writing:

Some, however, claim that these methods are flawed despite their wide acceptance in the industry (P. Johnson, personal communication, September 22, 2021).

You do not need to include personal communications in the reference list.

Keep in mind, though, that you should only cite an unrecorded lecture as a last resort! If you’re thinking of citing a lecture without a recording or published notes, then, you may want to look for a published source that contains the same information (e.g., one of the sources discussed in the lecture).

Expert APA Referencing

We hope this guide has helped you reference lecture notes or a lecture according to APA style. If you have any doubts, however, get in touch with our expert proofreaders for help to ensure your work is error free.

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APA 7th referencing style

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Lecture notes and slides eg. Powerpoint - Blackboard

Lecture notes and slides eg. powerpoint - online.

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APA Citation Style 7th Edition: Class Handouts, Presentations, and Readings

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On This Page: Class Handouts, Presentations, and Readings

Presentation slides from moodle, presentation slides from cams, powerpoint presentation slides from a website, class handouts from moodle, class handouts from cams, class handout in print, class lectures (notes from).

Note : All citations should be double spaced and have a hanging indent in a Reference List.

A "hanging indent" means that each subsequent line after the first line of your citation should be indented by 0.5 inches.

In-Text Citation or References List

Handouts distributed in class and presentation slides such as Powerpoint should be cited both in-text and on the References list.

Your own notes from lectures are considered personal communications in APA style. They are cited within the text of your assignment, but do not get an entry on the References list, since they are not a published source.

Instructor's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if given. (Year Presentation Was Created). Title of presentation: Subtitle if any [PowerPoint presentation]. Moodle. URL of Moodle login page

Instructor's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if given. (Year Presentation Was Created). Title of presentation: Subtitle if any [PowerPoint presentation]. CAMS. URL

Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if given. (Year Presentation Was Created). Title of presentation: Subtitle if any [PowerPoint presentation]. Name of Website if given. URL

Note about h yperlinks:

It is acceptable for hyperlinks to be blue and underlined (live) or black without underlining.

All hyperlinks must include https://

Instructor's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if given. (Year Handout Was Created if known). Title of handout: Subtitle if any [Class handout]. Moodle. URL of Moodle login page

Note: To cite other readings , follow the model for that type of document: eg a chapter from a book with an editor, an article from a library database, etc.. You do not need to identify Moodle as the source. If the instructor has not provided details that are necessary to to cite the reading, contact them to ask for these.

Instructor's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if given. (Year Handout Was Created if known). Title of handout: Subtitle if any [Class handout]. CAMS. URL

Instructor's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if given. (Year Handout Was Created if known). Title of handout: Subtitle if any [Class handout]. Columbia College, Course code.

Note : Your own notes from a lecture are considered personal communications in APA style. They are cited within the text of your assignment, but do not get an entry on the References list. Put the citation right after a quote or paraphrased content from the class lecture.

(First Initial of Faculty Who Gave Lecture. Second Initial if known. Last Name, personal communication, Month Day, Year lecture took place)

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How to Cite in APA 7

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Class recordings, presentation slides from moodle, powerpoint slides from a website, class handouts from moodle, class handouts in print.

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APA Citation Style, 7th edition: Lecture/PPT

• General Style Guidelines
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How to cite from Blackboard?

If you retrieved lecture documents (not a journal article or an item available freely online) through a password protected portal such as Blackboard, you should not include the long URL from the Blackboard entry, instead use the homepage of Blackboard (i.e. Blackboard website: http://blackboard.gwu.edu).

NOTE: When citing online lecture notes, provide the file format in brackets after the lecture title (e.g. [PowerPoint], [PDF] documents).

WRONG: Frank, B. (2015). Lecture 4: Psychophysiology [PowerPoint slides]. https://blackboard.gwu.edu/webapps/blackboard/content  listContent.jsp?course_id=_241832_1&content_id=_6002642_1

Important Note: This format would be used if you were citing a set of notes and/or documents from a lecture (e.g. PDF, Excel, Word document, or PowerPoint slides provided by your instructor).

Tip : Cite information from your own personal notes from a lecture as personal communication and refer to it only in the body of your essay. Follow the format examples for a personal communication available under the Interview section.

General Format

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase):

(Author Surname, Year)

In-Text Citation (Quotation):

References:

Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year). Lecture title [Format]. URL of website.

(Smith, 2010)

Butera, G. (2017). Lecture 4: Demystifying APA citation [PowerPoint slides]. George Washington University Introduction to Public Health Services Blackboard: http://blackboard.gwu.edu

What are the APA rules for citing references in PPT?

APA has rules to support clear and concise writing and attribution of work but there are areas where they do not have a specific rule - and PowerPoint is one of them.

See: APA Blog " Dear Professor...Your Students Have Questions We Can't Answer"

So how to include references in PPT?  Use the following best practices but please note you should ALWAYS check with your instructor on their APA citation style preferences for PPT.

Question : Should I include my references on each slide or at the end of the PPT?

• Answer: If you include your references on each slide your slide may become too busy with too much text.  This can be distracting to your audience. 
• Best Practice: Consider adding an in-text citation on the slide and include all of your references at the end of the PPT presentation.

Question: How do I cite an image, table and/or figure on a PPT slide?

• Answer: Use the same guidelines for citing  images/tables/figures in APA in a paper and include your references at the end of the PPT presentation.
• Best Practice: Always include the proper citation directly under the table/figure following APA rules. Use a smaller text size to avoid distraction/too busy slide. (See APA Blog: Navigating Copyright: How to Cite Sources in a Table.

Question: Should my references be double spaced or single spaced?

• Answer: Although APA does require references to be double spaced  you may exercise flexibility and single space the references.
• Best Practice: Use single space and a smaller font size but otherwise follow the APA citation format for references (i.e list in alphabetical order, indent
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Home / Guides / Citation Guides / APA Format / How to Cite a Lecture in APA

How to Cite a Lecture in APA

Lecture and PowerPoint presentations are often great sources of information for specific papers. This guide will show you how to cite lectures and PowerPoint presentation slides following APA 7th edition guidelines. The type of lecture (e.g., classroom, conference, etc.) and format of the information (saw lecture, accessed slides, etc.) will determine what citation format you use.

Guide overview

Citing a conference presentation

Citing a classroom presentation/lecture slides.

• Citing a classroom presentation/lecture you watched
• Citing a recorded presentation (video)

Troubleshooting

Presenter #1 Last name, F. M., & Presenter #2 Last Name, F. M. (Year, Month Day of conference). Name of presentation [Presentation format]. Name of Conference, Location. URL

Jacobson, T.E., & Mackey, T. (2013, April 10-13). What’s in the name?: Information literacy, metaliteracy, or transliteracy [Panel session]. Association of College & Research Libraries, Indianapolis, IN, United States. https://www.slideshare.net/tmackey/acrl-2013

In-text citation structure & example:

(Lecture Last Name, Year)

(Jacobson & Mackey, 2013)

If you are citing a classroom presentation file you’ve viewed or accessed, use the following structure.

Lecturer Last name, F. M. (Year, month date). Title of lecture [Description of file type]. Department name, university name. URL

Prosser, M. (2021, October 18). Introduction to rhetorical forms [PowerPoint slides]. English and Modern Languages Department, California Polytechnic State University. https://https://english.calpoly.edu/

(Lecturer Last Name, Year)

(Prosser, 2021)

Citing a presentation/lecture you have watched

If you are citing information you learned through a presentation/lecture you attended, FIRST see if you can find the documented source (e.g., book, article, etc.) the presenter got the information from. If the information is original and the presentation was the primary source, treat the information as personal communication.  This means you ONLY need to cite it in an in-text citation and no reference list entry is needed.

In-text citation structure & examples:

(Presenter First Initial., Last Name, personal communication, Month Day, Year of presentation)

(L. Koerte, personal communication, March 17, 2021)

L. Koerte (personal communication, March 17, 2021)

Citing a recorded presentation/lecture (video)

Cite the recording as you would cite a regular video. The person or channel who uploaded/published the video is credited as the “author” even if they did not conduct the presentation/lecture.

Uploader Last name, F. M. (Year, month date). Title of video [Video]. Website Name. URL

Stanford. (2002, January 13). Einstein’s general theory of relativity | Lecture 1 [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hbmf0bB38h0

(Uploader Last Name, Year)

(Stanford, 2002)

Solution #1: Citing a presentation that comes from a classroom’s website or learning management system (LMS)

If the slides you are citing come from a classroom website or learning management system (LMS) like Canvas or Blackboard, and you are writing for an audience that has access to the site, then provide the name of the site and the URL for the login page.

Reference page structure:

Last name, F. M. (Date). Presentation title in sentence case [PowerPoint slides]. LMS name@University name acronym. Link to login page

Reference page example:

Vincent, P. (2020).  Recognizing rhetorical devices in visual rhetoric  [PowerPoint slides]. Blackboard@ULV. https://idp.quicklaunchsso.com/laverne

In-text citation structure: 

Narrative citation: Last Name (Year)

Parenthetical citation: (Last Name, Year)

In-text citation examples:

Narrative citation: Vincent (2020)

Parenthetical citation: (Vincent, 2020)

APA Formatting Guide

APA Formatting

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Citations - APA: Class Notes, Class Lectures and Presentations

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• When Information Is Missing
• Works in a Foreign Language
• Works Quoted in Another Source (Secondary Source)
• In-Text Citations - Quoting & Paraphrasing
• Formatting - Essay, Reference List, Appendix, & Sample Paper
• Annotated Bibliography

On This Page

• Presentation Slides from Canvas 

PowerPoint Presentation Slides from a Website

• Class Handouts from Canvas 
• Class Handout In Print

Class Lectures (Notes From)

Course packs.

Note : All citations should be double spaced and have a hanging indent in a Reference List.

A "hanging indent" means that each subsequent line after the first line of your citation should be indented by 0.5 inches.

In-Text Citation or References List

Handouts distributed in class and presentation slides such as Powerpoint should be cited both in-text and on the References list.

Your own notes from lectures are considered personal communications in APA style. They are cited within the text of your assignment, but do not get an entry on the References list.

Presentation Slides from Canvas

Instructor's Last Name, First Initial. Second Intial if given. (Year Presentation Was Created).  Title of presentation: Subtitle if any  [PowerPoint presentation]. Retrieved from URL from Canvas 

Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if given. (Year Presentation Was Created).  Title of presentation: Subtitle if any  [PowerPoint presentation]. Retrieved from Name of Website if given: URL

Class Handouts from Canvas

Instructor's Last Name, First Initial. Second Intial if given. (Year Handout Was Created if known).  Title of handout: Subtitle if any  [Class handout]. Retrieved from URL for Canvas

Class Handout in Print

Instructor's Last Name, First Initial. Second Intial if given. (Year Handout Was Created if known).  Title of handout: Subtitle if any  [Class handout]. City Course is Located in: College Name, Course Name.

Any material that is only available in person (as in, you had to be in class in order to have this material handed to you, or it was sent via email) is regarded as personal communication, and should be cited as such.

However, if you believe the hand-out is essential course material and your lecturer would expect you to cite it just like you would cite something uploaded to Canvas, you can use the following format:

Note : Your own notes from a lecture are considered personal communications in APA style. They are cited within the text of your assignment, but do not get an entry on the References list. Put the citation right after a quote or paraphrased content from the class lecture.

(First Initial of Faculty Who Gave Lecture. Second Initial if known. Last Name, personal communication, Month Day, Year lecture took place)

Author of chapter/article’s Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication of Course Pack). Title of chapter or article from course pack. In First Initial. Last Name of Instructor Who Created Course Pack if Listed (Comp.), Title of course pack often starts with the course code (pp. first page of reading-last page of reading). City Course taken in: College Name.

Note :  Comp. stands for "Compiler". For course packs made by LAHC, we recommend using Wilmington as the place of publication.

This guide is used/adapted with the permission of Seneca College Libraries.

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APA Citation Guide (7th edition) : Class Handouts, Presentations, and Readings

• What Kind of Source Is This?
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• No Author, No Date etc.
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On This Page

Presentation slides from moodle, presentation slides from cams, powerpoint presentation slides from a website, class handouts from moodle, class handouts from cams, class handout in print, class lectures (notes from).

Note : All citations should be double spaced and have a hanging indent in a Reference List.

A "hanging indent" means that each subsequent line after the first line of your citation should be indented by 0.5 inches.

In-Text Citation or References List

Handouts distributed in class and presentation slides such as Powerpoint should be cited both in-text and on the References list.

Your own notes from lectures are considered personal communications in APA style. They are cited within the text of your assignment, but do not get an entry on the References list, since they are not a published source.

Instructor's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if given. (Year Presentation Was Created). Title of presentation: Subtitle if any [PowerPoint presentation]. Moodle. URL of Moodle login page

Instructor's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if given. (Year Presentation Was Created). Title of presentation: Subtitle if any [PowerPoint presentation]. CAMS. URL

Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if given. (Year Presentation Was Created). Title of presentation: Subtitle if any [PowerPoint presentation]. Name of Website if given. URL

Note about h yperlinks:

It is acceptable for hyperlinks to be blue and underlined (live) or black without underlining.

All hyperlinks must include https://

Instructor's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if given. (Year Handout Was Created if known). Title of handout: Subtitle if any [Class handout]. Moodle. URL of Moodle login page

Note: To cite other readings , follow the model for that type of document: eg a chapter from a book with an editor, an article from a library database, etc.. You do not need to identify Moodle as the source. If the instructor has not provided details that are necessary to to cite the reading, contact them to ask for these.

Instructor's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if given. (Year Handout Was Created if known). Title of handout: Subtitle if any [Class handout]. CAMS. URL

Instructor's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if given. (Year Handout Was Created if known). Title of handout: Subtitle if any [Class handout]. Columbia College, Course code.

Note : Your own notes from a lecture are considered personal communications in APA style. They are cited within the text of your assignment, but do not get an entry on the References list. Put the citation right after a quote or paraphrased content from the class lecture.

(First Initial of Faculty Who Gave Lecture. Second Initial if known. Last Name, personal communication, Month Day, Year lecture took place)

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How to cite a lecture in apa (7th edition), published by steve tippins on june 23, 2020 june 23, 2020.

Last Updated on: 6th February 2024, 03:50 am

When writing your dissertation or other academic papers, you may have to cite a lecture in APA. Keep these guidelines handy and you will have no problem citing a lecture that your professor delivers.  

Personal lecture notes

The easiest guideline to remember is how to cite a lecture in APA from your own personal notes. 

Lecture notes you take in a live online or face-to-face class are considered personal communication. They are personal communication, because they do not exist in any other  recorded or print format.  

In-text citation 

(Professor’s first initial. Last name, personal communication, date of lecture)

(S. Graham, personal communication, June 17, 2020)

S. Graham (personal communication, June 17, 2020) explained six ways that one can distinguish between interpretation and evidence. 

According to S. Graham (personal communication, June 17, 2020), “there are six ways that one can distinguish between interpretation and evidence.” 

Note: You only need to cite personal communication in-text, and do not have to put it in the References list.

Lecture in online learning management system (LMS) course

A professor’s lecture in a course conducted in an LMS platform may be recorded. To cite a lecture in APA for this type of format, you will need to put the source in the References list.

In-text citation

(Professor’s last name, date of lecture, if no date, n.d.)

(Jimenez, June 17, 2020)

Paraphrase 

According to Jimenez (2017), the first Kuru epidemic occurred in the Eastern Highlands of Papua New Guinea among the Fore tribespeople.

Jimenez (2017) stated symptoms of the Kuru disease were “involuntary movements or tremors, difficulty eating that results in malnutrition, personality changes, and dementia.”

Reference list

Professor’s last name, Initial of first name. year, month and day of lecture. Lecture title in italics [Lecture recording]. Type of LMS platform. URL of LMS login page. 

Jimenez, S. (2020, June 17). The Kuru pandemic [Lecture recording]. Blackboard@CR University. https://classes.CRUniv.edu

Lecture on PowerPoint 

To cite a lecture in APA when your professor delivers it via PowerPoint is easy once you have mastered the previous two guidelines. 

(Professor’s last name, year)

(Hayward, 2020)

The epidemic known as “dancing mania” or the dancing plague broke out during the Middle Ages (Hayward, 2020).

According to Hayward (2020), “there are many chronicles written about scourges of uncontrollable dancing among the population living along the Rhine and Moselle Rivers.”

Professor’s last name, Initial of first name. Year, if no date, then n.d. Title of the PowerPoint presentation in italics [PowerPoint slides]. Type of LMS platform. URL of LMS login page.  

Hayward, D. (2020). Dancing mania epidemic [PowerPoint slides]. Canvas@CR University. https://classes.CRUniv.edu

PowerPoint slides online

Your professor may post the PowerPoint lecture online, rather than on the course website. To cite a lecture in APA for this type of lecture, you will follow the guidelines for citing a PowerPoint lecture above, but with a minor difference in how it is written in the References list. 

Last name of professor, Initial of first name. Year of publication, if no date, then n.d. Title of PowerPoint in italics [PowerPoint slides]. URL of PowerPoint. 

Knapp, G. (2020). Methylmercury poisoning in Japan [PowerPoint slides]. https://www. net/health-sciences-methylmercury-poisoning

​ Note: You can find more information about how to cite a lecture in APA 7 th edition in section 8.8 and page 347 of the Manual. 

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Steve Tippins, PhD, has thrived in academia for over thirty years. He continues to love teaching in addition to coaching recent PhD graduates as well as students writing their dissertations. Learn more about his dissertation coaching and career coaching services. Book a Free Consultation with Steve Tippins

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APA Citation Guide (7th edition) CGS

• Advertisments
• Books & e-Books
• Book Reviews
• Class Notes, Class Lectures and Presentations
• Encyclopedias & Dictionaries
• Generative AI
• Government Documents
• Images, Charts, Graphs, Maps & Tables
• Journal Articles
• Magazine Articles
• Newspaper Articles
• Personal Communication (Interviews, Emails)
• Social Media
• Videos & DVDs
• When Creating Digital Assignments
• When Information Is Missing
• Works Cited in Another Source
• Paraphrasing
• Reference List & Sample Writing
• Annotated Bibliography

Presentations

• Presentation Slides from UWM
• Presentation Slides from a Website

Instructor's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if given. (Year Presentation Was Created).  Course code: Title of presentation  [PowerPoint presentation]. UWM. URL

Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if given. (Year Presentation Was Created).  Title of presentation: Subtitle if any  [PowerPoint presentation]. Name of Website if given. URL

Note about h yperlinks:

It is acceptable for hyperlinks to be blue and underlined (live) or black without underlining.

All hyperlinks must include https://

Class Handouts & Lecture Notes

• Class Handouts from UWM
• Class Handouts in Print
• Class Lecture (Notes Form)

Instructor's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if given. (Year Handout Was Created if known).  Title of handout: Subtitle if any  [Class handout]. UWM. URL

Instructor's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if given. (Year Handout Was Created if known).  Course code: Title of handout  [Class handout]. UWM.

Note : Your own notes from a lecture are considered personal communications in APA style. They are cited within the text of your assignment, but do  not  get an entry on the References list. Put the citation right after a quote or paraphrased content from the class lecture.

(First Initial of Faculty Who Gave Lecture. Second Initial if known. Last Name, personal communication, Month Day, Year lecture took place)

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• AUT Library
• Library Guides
• Referencing styles and applications

APA 7th Referencing Style Guide

• Lecture notes & Intranet resources
• Referencing & APA style
• In-text citation
• Elements of a reference
• Format & examples of a reference list
• Conferences
• Reports & grey literature
• Figures (graphs and images)
• Theses and dissertations
• Audio works
• Films, TV & video
• Visual works
• Computer software, games & apps

Resources from Canvas

Your own notes from a lecture, intranet resources.

• Legal resources
• Personal communications

PowerPoint slides

• Social media
• Specific health examples
• Standards & patents
• Websites & webpages
• Footnotes and appendices
• Frequently asked questions

You may want to cite works from your class website or learning management system (i.e. Canvas). If they are recoverable by your audience, e.g. the instructor and fellow students, provide the name of the site and its URL (the login page URL).  

Reference format

• AUT Library recommends adding the paper code and title to the reference

Course notes

• If your audience are able to access to the resource, provide the name of the site and its URL
• If the slides are not available to be accessed by your reader, you may treat them as personal communication cited in text. Reference entry is not needed. See the personal communications page

Find how to cite in text on the  In-text citation  page.

Cite your personal lecture notes as  personal communications . Your notes can't be retrieved by someone else so don't include them as an entry in your reference list.

An intranet is a private communication network that is commonly accessible only to staff within an organisation, Sometimes documents on an intranet may be made available to the public.

Documents on an intranet - available to your audience

• If your audience are able to access to the resource, provide the name of the publisher/site and its URL
• Reference reports on an organisation's intranet using the report formats

When the author and the publisher/site are the same, omit the publisher from the source element

Source not available to a wider audience

If your work is for professional publication or intended for a wider audience who will not have access to the intranet sources (e.g. internal report) you are citing, Treat these sources as personal communications , do not include these items in the reference list. see the APA Manual p. 259.

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How to Cite a Lecture in APA Style

The American Psychological Association publishes style and grammar guidelines, designed to assist psychology professionals, academics, and students with formal writing. The most up-to-date version of the style guide, the APA 7th edition, offers writers plenty of advice for how best to cite sources. APA citation format differs from the formatting recommended by other style guides, which include the Modern Language Association (MLA), the Associated Press (AP), and the Chicago Manual of Style. In this article, we’ll review the correct way to cite lectures, personal communication, and lecture notes in APA style.

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In-Text Citations

To begin, immediately following a quotation or a paraphrase, APA citation style requires an in-text citation. Typically, these in-text references include the author’s last name, followed by a comma and the year. 

(Author’s last name, year) 

2-7 Authors

In the event that the lecture credits between two and seven authors, all names should be listed in the in-text citation.

(Last name #1, Last name #2, & Last name #3, year)

When a lecture has more than seven authors, the authors names should be summarized with the Latin abbreviation et al. 

(Last name #1 et al., year) 

If the lecture does not have a listed author, the title of the lecture should be used in the in-text citation. For long titles, the first few words of the title will suffice. 

(“Title of lecture,” year)

Personal Notes

For personal notes from a lecture, the in-text citation formatting varies significantly. Notably, the name and date are both presented differently, and the phrase “personal communication” must be added to distinguish the personal notes from written content . 

(Author’s first initial. Middle initial. Last name, personal communication, Month Day, Year) 

Reference List

In addition to the short-form citation, APA format also requires a list of references at the end of the paper. This section provides all of the information necessary to locate the original source material, if possible. 

Online Lecture Notes

Author’s last name, First initial. (Year). Title of Lecture [Description of form.] Retrieved from url. 

Printed Lecture Notes

Author’s last name, First initial. (Year). Title of Lecture [Description of form.] Department, University, City, State or Country. 

Archival Lecture

Author’s last name, First initial. (Year, Month Day). Title of Lecture [Description of form.] Name of Collection, Name of Repository, Location. 

Lecture from a Conference, Symposium, or Meeting

Author’s last name, First initial. (Year, Month). Title of Lecture. In First initial. Last name of organizer. (Contribution of organizer). Title of Event. Lecture conducted from Sponsor, City, State or Country.

Additional Tips

• When you don’t know the date of a lecture, write “n.d.” in the place of the date of publication. 
• For in-text citations, any information that’s included in the text does not need to be repeated inside the parentheses.
• Personal notes from a lecture require an in-text citation, but they should not be added to the reference list. 
• Some descriptions of form include print page, web page, presentation slides, class handout, or file format (e.g., Powerpoint, Word Document). 
• When citing a lecture from an event, the title of the event is italicized rather than the title of the lecture. 
• For conferences, symposiums, and meetings, the event organizer’s name and role should be written like this: In J. Franklin. (President.) 

Sources: 

• https://apaformat.org/apa-lecture-citation/
• https://columbiacollege-ca.libguides.com/c.php?g=713274&p=5082918
• https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/reference_list_electronic_sources.html

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APA Citation Guide (7th edition): Class Notes, Class Lectures and Presentations

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On This Page

Presentation slides from cams.

• Powerpoint Slides from a Website

Class Handouts from CAMS

Class handout in print.

• Class Lectures (Notes From )

Note : All citations should be double spaced and have a hanging indent in a Reference List.

A "hanging indent" means that each subsequent line after the first line of your citation should be indented by 0.5 inches.

In-Text Citation or References List

Handouts distributed in class and presentation slides such as Powerpoint should be cited both in-text and on the References list.

Your own notes from lectures are considered personal communications in APA style. They are cited within the text of your assignment, but do not get an entry on the References list, since they are not a published source.

Instructor's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if given. (Year Presentation Was Created). Title of presentation: Subtitle if any [PowerPoint presentation]. CAMS. URL

Powerpoint Presentation Slides from a Website

Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if given. (Year Presentation Was Created). Title of presentation: Subtitle if any [PowerPoint presentation]. Name of Website if given. URL

Note about h yperlinks:

It is acceptable for hyperlinks to be blue and underlined (live) or black without underlining.

All hyperlinks must include https://

Instructor's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if given. (Year Handout Was Created if known). Title of handout: Subtitle if any [Class handout]. CAMS. URL

Instructor's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if given. (Year Handout Was Created if known). Title of handout: Subtitle if any [Class handout]. Columbia College, Course code.

Class Lectures (Notes From)

Note : Your own notes from a lecture are considered personal communications in APA style. They are cited within the text of your assignment, but do not get an entry on the References list. Put the citation right after a quote or paraphrased content from the class lecture.

(First Initial of Faculty Who Gave Lecture. Second Initial if known. Last Name, personal communication, Month Day, Year lecture took place)

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APA Style 7th Edition

• Lecture Material
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Lecture Notes

Your own personal notes from a professor's lecture are considered personal communication. Therefore, they do not appear in the References list, and are referred to in the body of the paper only. Put the citation right after the paraphrase or quote from the lecture notes.

General Format: 

(First initial of the person who gave the lecture. Lastname, personal communication, Month Day, Year lecture took place).

Presentation Slides: Course Website

If the slides come from a course website, learning management system (e.g., CourseLink), and you are writing for an audience with access to that resource, provide the name of the site and its URL (use the login page URL for sites requiring login). 

General Format:

Instructor's Last Name, First Initial. (Year Presentation was created). Title of presentation  [Format]. Publisher. URL

Smith, G. (2019).  Ownership structures in mass communications  [PowerPoint Slides]. CourseLink.  http://www.onlineguelphhumber.ca/

In-text citation:

Direct Quote: (Smith, 2019, slide 6)

Paraphrase: (Smith, 2019)

PowerPoint Slides: Online

When the slides are available online to anyone, provide the website name on which they are provided, followed by the URL.

​Smith, G. (2019).  Ownership structures in mass communications  [PowerPoint Slides]. SlideShare. https://www.slideshare.net/hellojenjones/guided-reading-making-the-most-of-it​

Direct Quote: (Nepean, 2015, slide 6)

Paraphrase: (Nepean, 2015)

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APA Formatting and Style Guide (7th Edition)

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