abeka 8th grade science test 2 essay

Abeka's Science: Earth and Space, Second Edition, Chapter 8 Guided Notes

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This packets contains resources for Abeka's Eighth Grade Science: Earth and Space curriculum. It covers Chapter 8: Water Vapor and Air Masses. It includes guided notes, a study guide, flashcards, and a test for Chapter 8.

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Abeka 8th Science Test 7

65 questions

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Which type of UV radiation is only partially absorbed by the ozone layer, allowing some of it to reach the earth's surface?

How does air normally move in the atmosphere?

low pressure to high pressure

high altitude to low altitude

high pressure to low pressure

low altitude to high altitude

What name is given to the upper atmosphere because of its distinct layers?

heterosphere

troposphere

What is the normal value of atmospheric pressure at sea level?

6.9 millibars

14.7 millibars

1013 millibars

110,000 millibars

Which temperature layer of the atmosphere contains the ozone layer?

thermosphere

stratosphere

stratopause

Which type of current causes most of the earth's weather?

conduction current

convection current

radiation current

electromagnetic current

What is the coldest point in the atmosphere?

At what point on the earth's elliptical orbit does Earth receive the greatest amount of insolation?

What global winds occur at the earth's surface in high latitudes?

prevailing westerlies

polar easterlies

jet streams

trade winds

What portion of Earth's magnetic field stretches away from the sun?

magnetopause

magnetobelt

magnetoline

magnetotail

Which atmospheric layer is the least understood?

What is the most important and abundant greenhouse gas?

water vapor

carbon dioxide

Why is afternoon usually the warmest part of the day?

Trapped heat remains in the atmosphere.

The sun is almost directly overhead.

Earth does not radiate heat during the day.

Afternoon clouds warm the ground.

Why does a compass always point north?

The compass points toward the North Star.

The compass points toward Earth's magnetic poles.

The compass points away from the equator.

The compass points away from Earth's core.

Why do cyclones in the Southern Hemisphere rotate the opposite direction from cyclones in the Northern Hemisphere?

The earth's tilt bends the winds in different directions.

The earth's tilt changes the amount of insolation.

The Coriolis effect changes the amount of insolation.

The Coriolis effect bends the winds in different directions.

The U.S. government broadcasts the official time for the country using a shortwave radio station in Colorado. How can there broadcasts be heard throughout the Lower Forty-Eight United States?

Radio waves follow the curve of the earth.

Radio waves can travel an unlimited distance.

Radio waves bounce off the ionosphere.

radio waves travel in a straight line.

At the equator, air rises and begins traveling outward, toward the poles. Why does this air sink back to Earth long before it reaches the poles?

The air is heated by high temperatures at high altitudes.

The air is heated by compression as it rises.

The air is cooled by expansion as it rises.

The air is cooled by low temperatures at high altitudes.

The area where the solar wind interacts with Earth's magnetic field is the ______________.

The amount of energy available to heat Earth's land, water, and air is called Earth's ____________.

The upper-troposphere waves associated with the polar front jet stream are called _________waves.

The shield that protects the earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation is the __________ layer.

The process in which the temperature of a gas rises as the gas is compressed with no heat lost is called ________ heating.

Auroras that occur in southern latitudes are called aurora _______________.

High-altitude winds that are concentrated in narrow, meandering bands of rapidly moving air are called _____________.

downslope wind caused by cooling air near a slope

forest breeze

katabatic wind

land breeze

wind that occurs when a large amount of dense, cold air spills over a mountain range

wind that occurs when warm air over open terrain rises, drawing cooler air from under trees

cool, gentle wind blowing in from the water to the land

What unit is used to measure the amount of energy something gains, loses, or uses in one second?

What effect causes wet and dry seasons through a seasonal change in wind direction?

What feature marks the bottom of the mesosphere?

What is the transfer of heat by direct contact?

What winds were named because they consistently allowed ships to make a quick passage across the ocean?

During the day, both land and water heat up from sun exposure. How does the heating of water and land compare?

Water heats faster than land.

Water heats slower than land.

Water heats at the same rate as land.

The comparison depends on land color.

What causes the plasma in the ionosphere?

cosmic rays

magnetic radiation

ultraviolet radiation

radio waves

If all factors except the type of surface are the same, which of the following surfaces would you expect to warm most quickly during the day?

sandy beach

freshly plowed field

ice-covered plateau

grassy plain

What doughnut-shaped regions surround the earth and trap particles from the solar wind?

pressure belts

particle radiation belts

Van Allen radiation belts

solar wind belts

How are convection currents produced on a global scale at the equator and poles?

equal cooling

unequal cooling

equal heating

unequal heating

What form of heat transfer heats cool air in contact with warm ground?

What transfers heat in the process of radiation?

ether waves

electromagnetic waves

What is the solar energy that reaches the surface of the earth called?

solar power

energy buget

What two gases help give the earth a mild and stable climate?

nitrogen and carbon dioxide

nitrogen and oxygen

carbon dioxide and water vapor

oxygen and water vapor

What is the outermost temperature layer of the atmosphere?

What is one of the two factors that cause the Coriolis effect?

Earth's orbit

convection currents

What temperature layer of the atmosphere is at the bottom of the heterosphere?

turbosphere

What direction does an anticyclone revolve in the Southern Hemisphere?

back-and-forth

counterclockwise

What causes the Intertropical Convergence Zone?

high pressure

low pressure

If all other factors were equal, which of the following locations would you expect to have the highest air pressure?

Death Valley (86 m below sea level)

Lake Superior (183 m above sea level)

Dead Sea (414 m below sea level)

Mount Everest (8848 m above sea level)

Which of the following is required for monsoons to form?

Land at very different eleations.

Land near a large body of water.

Land at nearly constant elevation.

Land far from large bodies of water.

What causes anabatic winds?

Heated air near a mountain slope rises

Heated air near the shore flows inland.

Cooled air near the shore flows to the sea.

Cooled air near a mountain slope sinks.

51._________

52. _____________

53. ____________

A horizontal movement of air caused by a transfer of heat is a __________.

A warm, dry wind that travels down a mountain slope is called a _________.

The steady change in atmospheric temperature with altitude is the atmosphere's temperature _____________.

The weather layer of the atmosphere is the ____________.

The ratio of the solar radiation reflected by an object to the solar radiation that strikes it is the object's ___________.

Regions of high pressure and gentle winds at about 30°north and south latitude are __________________.

Would the layer above the tropopause have its temperature rise with altitude if there were no oxygen in the atmosphere? Why or why not?

No; this layer is heated by the vibration of heated oxygen molecules.

No; this layer is heated by the chemical reaction of oxygen molecules.

Yes; this layer is heated by rising heat from Earth's surface.

Yes; this layer is heated by particles entering the ionosphere.

A weather map of North America shows a large area with winds rotating clockwise. Is this a high or a low? How do you know?

low, because outward-flowing winds rotate clockwise

low, because inward-flowing winds rotate clockwise

high, because outward-flowing winds rotate clockwise

high, because inward-flowing winds rotate clockwise

Leila lives in the tropics. Shortly after dark one night, she saw a reddish glow on the horizon, which she thought was an aurora. How do you know Leila's conclusion is incorrect?

Solar-wind particles enter Earth's atmosphere only at high latitudes.

Warm temperatures prevent the atmosphere from changing colors.

Auroras are only seen near the middle of the night.

Auroras always appear high in the sky.

Large wildfires often produce wind systems around themselves. What direction do these winds blow? Why?

Winds blow toward the fire to replace rising hot air.

Winds blow toward the fire to replace rising cool air.

Winds blow away from the fire as cool air sinks.

Winds blow away from the fire as hot air sinks.

Which city would you expect to receive more insolation during the month of July: Lookout Mountain, Georgia (about 35°N), or Sydney, Australia (about 35°S)?

Sydney, because the earth is close to aphelion

Lookout Mountain, because the earth is close to aphelion

Sydney, because the sunlight is at a shallower angle

Lookout Mountain, because sunlight is at a steeper angle

How does adiabatic cooling help create high-altitude winds?

Sinking air cools as it expands and pushes air outward at high altitudes.

Sinking air cools as it contracts and draws air inward at high altitudes.

Rising air cools as it expands and pushes air outward at high altitudes.

Rising air cools as it contracts and draws air inward at high altitudes.

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