human biology essay

Essays About Biology: Top 5 Best Examples and 6 Prompts

Writing essays about biology can be difficult because it’s composed of many subtopics. Check out this article for our top essay examples and writing prompts.

Biology came from the Greek words “bios” (life) and “logos” (study). It’s why biology is the study of life or living organisms. Aside from being a natural science, it also has consolidated themes, such as cells making all organisms. Because it’s a broad topic, biology is divided into specialized fields such as botany, genetics, zoology, microbiology, medicine, and ecology. 

Biologists consider living beings’ origin, evolution, growth, function, structure, and distribution. It’s a comprehensive subject, so there are many things you can write about in your essay. However, at the same time, you might find it challenging to focus on just one area. 

Below are examples to give you an idea of how to write your essays about biology:

1. Essay About Biology by Kelli Wilkins

2. my interests in biology by anonymous on essaywriting.expert, 3. essay on the importance of study of biology by akhila mol, 4. what biology means to me by anonymous on studymode.com, 5. how my biology teacher changed my perspective of learning the subject by sankalan bhattacharya, 1. biology in my everyday life, 2. something i realized because of biology, 3. my memorable biology class experience, 4. genetics’ role in people’s diseases, 5. my experience during the pandemic, 6. biology and health.

“Studying Biology is important for a number of reasons, but in particular because it is used in every field. If we did not have a good understanding of Biology then nobody would be able to understand how bodies work, and how life on earth functions.”

Wilkins shares her desire to study anatomy, a branch of biology, and expounds on what makes biology an essential field. Because biology lets people know more about the world, she digs into why she’s interested in anatomy, specifically to find ways to cure illnesses and develop technologies to discover new treatments. She ends her essay by relating biology to the existence of doctors and hospitals. 

“It is known that education plays an important role in the life of any individual. It gives an opportunity to develop personality and gain specific skills, to get profound knowledge and experience in order to apply them practically in the future. As for me, my major goal is to study Biology in order to get appropriate knowledge and skills required for my future profession.”

The author shares why they want to study biology, referring to the human body as the “perfect machine” and curious about how it performs each of its systems’ functions. The writer also mentions how biology is critical to their future profession. They aim to help people with their health problems and relay their desire to research the brain to find more data on it. 

“The study of biology owes great significance in human life, because man for its day-to-day requirements is dependent on plants and animals either directly or indirectly.”

Mol lists seven reasons why humans need biology in their daily lives. Her list includes health, diseases, agriculture, horticulture, food, animal breeding, and entertainment. She expounds on each point and how they affect a man during his time on Earth. She explains each relationship in a simple manner that’s easy to understand for the readers.

“Without biology, we would have no idea about an organism’s makeup, or the most basic unit of life, a cell… Biology influences me in many ways. Biology influences me by teaching me why to take care of the environment, why I am to take care of my body, and by giving me a better overall view of all scientific areas of study.”

In this short essay, the writer lists down reasons why biology is essential. These reasons include taking care of the environment, one’s body, and others. The author also expounds on their reasons by presenting facts supporting biology’s importance to the world and human lives.

“He told that the syllabus may be a good way to prepare for an exam but our knowledge should not be limited to any syllabus and the questions that were asked in the examination were related to the topic only. He told that if we try to know things in detail and understand them properly then the interest in the subject will develop, otherwise, students will not treat the subject as a subject of their choice. 

Bhattacharya shares his experience with a teacher with a unique teaching style. His Biology teacher from Class 7, before the era of the internet, don’t just carry one book to get all his lessons from. Instead, he has a notebook with the collated information from many books to teach his class. 

Bhattacharya’s teacher taught them things that were not in the curriculum, even if following the curriculum would give him higher points in his evaluation. He only wanted his students to learn more and share with them why learning differs from just knowing. 

Do you want to be sure you have an excellent essay? See our round-up of the best essay writing apps to help you check your output.

6 Prompts for Essays About Biology

You don’t have to be a biology student to write an essay about the subject. If you’re looking for easy prompts to write about, here are some to get you started:

If mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell, who is the powerhouse of your classroom? Your home? Relate a biology topic to a similar structure in your life, then explain why you think they are the same. 

For instance, you can compare your mother to mitochondria which generate the energy needed to power a cell. The cell being you. You can say that she gives you energy every day by being there and supporting you in whatever way she can. This prompt bodes for a creative and intriguing essay.

Relay a lesson you learned from biology and how it perfectly explained something you were once hesitant about. Such as being insecure about your big ears – only to know from a biology trivia that ears never stop growing. You can then share how this help lessen your insecurity because you now know large ears are normal. 

Do you have a memory you won’t forget that happened during biology class? Narrate this story and explain why it’s something that left an impression on you. To give you an idea, you can talk about the first time you dissected an animal, where you first realized how complex organisms are and that they are made of many systems to function, no matter how small.

Gene action and heredity are evolving. If you have a genetic illness or know someone who has it, you can share your experience. Then explain what your genes have to do with the disease. Is it something you got from your parents? Did they inherit it from your grandparents? Finally, you can add what your parents’ and grandparents’ lives were like because of the disease.

Virology, another branch of biology, studies viruses and viral diseases. A recent example is the coronavirus pandemic, where more people realized the importance of knowing a virus’ origin, structure, and how they work. Write an essay where you explain how the pandemic operates, such as why people should wear masks, social distance, etc.

For this essay, you can write about how biology helps you care for your health. For example, you can include how biology helped doctors give you the appropriate diagnosis, how you had the opportunity to have the proper treatment, etc. 

If you want to write on a related topic, here are essay topics about nature you can consider for your next essay. 

Maria Caballero is a freelance writer who has been writing since high school. She believes that to be a writer doesn't only refer to excellent syntax and semantics but also knowing how to weave words together to communicate to any reader effectively.

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1.1: Case Study - Why Should You Study Human Biology?

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• Page ID 30594

• Suzanne Wakim & Mandeep Grewal
• Butte College

Case Study: Our Invisible Inhabitants

Wajiha is suffering from a fever, body aches, and a painful sore throat that gets worse when she swallow. She visits her doctor who examines her and performs a throat culture. When the results come back, the doctor tells Wajiha she has strep throat, which is caused by the bacteria Streptococcus pyogenes . The doctor prescribes an antibiotic to kill the bacteria and advises Wajiha to take the full course of the treatment even if she is feeling better earlier because stopping early can cause an increase in bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics.

Wajiha takes the antibiotic as prescribed. Towards the end of the course, her throat is feeling much better but she can’t say the same for other parts of her body! She has developed diarrhea and an itchy vaginal yeast infection. Wajiha calls her doctor, who suspects that the antibiotic treatment has caused both her digestive distress and her yeast infection. The doctor explains that our bodies are home to many different kinds of microorganisms, some of which are actually beneficial to our bodies by helping us digest our food or keeping the population of harmful microorganisms down. When we take an antibiotic, many of these “good” bacteria are killed along with the “bad” disease-causing bacteria, which can result in diarrhea and yeast infections.

The doctor prescribes an antifungal medication for Wajiha’s yeast infection. The doctor also recommends that Wajiha eat yogurt with “live cultures” to try to help replace the beneficial bacteria in her gut. Clearly, our bodies contain a delicate balance of inhabitants that are invisible without a microscope, and changes in that balance can cause unpleasant health effects.

What Is Human Biology?

As you read the rest of this book, you'll learn more amazing facts about the human organism and how biology relates to your health. Human biology is the scientific study of the human species that includes the fascinating story of human evolution and a detailed accounting of our genetics, anatomy, physiology, and ecology. In short, human biology focuses on how we got here, how we function, and the role we play in the natural world. Importantly, this helps us to better understand human health – how to stay healthy and how diseases and injuries can be treated. This is probably of personal interest to you in terms of your own health and the health of your friends and family, and also has broader implications for society and the human species as a whole.

As you read this book, think about what you want to learn about your own human body. What questions or concerns do you have? Make a list of them and use the list to guide your study of human biology. You can revisit the list throughout the course to see if your questions have been answered. If not, you'll have the tools to find the answers. You will have learned how to find sources of information about human biology and how to judge which sources are most reliable.

Chapter Overview: Introduction to Human Biology

In the rest of this chapter, you'll learn about the traits shared by all living things, the basic principles that underlie all of biology, the vast diversity of living organisms, what it means to be human, and our place in the animal kingdom. Specifically, you'll learn:

• The seven traits shared by all living things including the maintenance of a more-or-less constant internal environment, called homeostasis; multiple levels of organization consisting of one or more cells; using energy and exhibiting metabolism; the ability to grow and develop; the ability to evolve adaptations to the environment; the ability to detect and respond to environmental stimuli; and the ability to reproduce.
• The diversity of life, including the different kinds of biodiversity, the definition of a species, the classification and naming systems for living organisms, and how evolutionary relationships can be represented through diagrams such as phylogenetic trees.
• How the human species is classified, our close relatives and ancestors, and some ways in which we evolved.
• The traits humans share with other primates including physical characteristics and social behaviors.

As you read this chapter, think about the following questions about Wajiha’s situation:

• What do single-celled organisms, such as the bacteria and yeast living in and on Wajiha, have in common with humans?
• How are bacteria, yeast (a fungus), and humans classified?
• How do the concepts of homeostasis and biodiversity apply to Wajiha’s situation?
• Why can stopping antibiotics early cause the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria?

Attributions

• Capt. Wan Mun Chin examines a patient by U.S. Navy photo by Journalist 1st Class Jeremy L. Wood., public domain via Wikimedia Commons
• Text adapted from Human Biology by CK-12 licensed CC BY-NC 3.0

Human Biology

(6 reviews)

Willy Cushwa

Senior Contributors

Copyright Year: 2015

Publisher: OpenStax CNX

Language: English

Formats Available

Conditions of use.

Learn more about reviews.

Reviewed by Janet Vaglia, Professor of Biology, DePauw University on 1/5/24

This Human Biology textbook is quite comprehensive in its coverage of the human body systems as well as in the basic concepts of biochemistry and cell biology. Practically speaking it may be too comprehensive to cover all of the material in one... read more

Comprehensiveness rating: 5 see less

This Human Biology textbook is quite comprehensive in its coverage of the human body systems as well as in the basic concepts of biochemistry and cell biology. Practically speaking it may be too comprehensive to cover all of the material in one semester. However, it is nice to have such a range of teaching information to work with. I envision I would teach certain topics more thoroughly than others and integrate additional opportunities for students to interact with the material via case studies, rather than covering all of the material quickly.

Content Accuracy rating: 4

I find the text to be mostly accurate across the range of topics. Some sections are presented in more detail than other, possibly leaving things open to question. However, those details could easily be addressed in class. I do want to note a couple of missed opportunities for greater accuracy. The first relates to elucidation of the DNA model and the role of Rosalind Franklin. While the information is not specifically wrong, it falls short on accuracy by not including more information on Franklin’s role in modeling DNA. This could be remedied by including her photo, a couple of short video clips and additional conversation as to the ‘debate’ and the societal view of women in science at the time. Secondly, the central dogma for DNA to protein/genetics is presented, but it is not explained how the dogma is not pure. It is important to include the deviations from this perpetuated dogma.

Relevance/Longevity rating: 4

To date, having an understanding of the human body and how the body interacts with its environment has not gone “out of style”. Thus, this text as organized and presented is highly relevant. I do think it is important for beginning students of science, or non-majors, to be exposed to current advances in science and technology. I find that many chapters miss the opportunity to relate content to very recent advances in medicine and technology and current human health problems. Most chapters of the text do a nice job of providing art connections, concept links and case discussions on related careers and select medical conditions.

Clarity rating: 5

Clarity is a definite strength of the human biology text. Information in the chapters is easy to read. A glossary is provided at the end of chapter sections to provide greater clarity and understanding of key terms. A good balance of figures is provided throughout the text, and those figures are easy to read and relate to the written information.

Consistency rating: 4

One of my favorite things about the text is the consistency in the structure across chapters, even with the wide array of topics. Each chapter begins with a brief topic summary and relevant image. Scientific language is used consistently, as are links to the figures. The font is the same throughout except for the section on the brain in chapter 18. I am not sure what happened there! I like how each main chapter section ends with a series of exercises/problem solving questions for students. However, I am not as keen on how those practice exercises are presented (see below under ‘other’).

Modularity rating: 5

The authors do a nice job of teaching the human body as a combination of partially independent and interacting systems. Specifically, the authors connect key information on organ systems across chapters. In addition, some case studies present health or medical conditions that are best understood by having a fuller picture of the human body, or even the body’s relation to its external environment.

Organization/Structure/Flow rating: 4

Based on many of the non-science major and human biology textbooks I have seen, the topics in this lab text are presented in a logical order. As mentioned earlier, having a glossary at the end of each main chapter section is a nice feature. The chapters also are arranged in a way that sections could easy be swapped or supplemented as needed by the instructor. I do wish the authors would include an appendix with a list of links to the online resources.

Interface rating: 3

Many chapter sections have links to videos or outside resources. While I did not click on every single link, I would say I checked approximately 80% of the ‘clicks’. The links that work, do so seamlessly. Some of the supplemental material could be stronger. For example, I am not a fan of going through a series of slides and listening to someone speak about them if I have already done so in class. For open access textbooks such as this one, it is important to stay current with the linked resources. It may even require annual updates. Chapter 19 on Special Senses has several links that do not work because Adobe Flash Player is no longer supported. Similarly, many of the video links in chapter 20 on neutrophils and dendritic cells are not working.

Grammatical Errors rating: 5

Cultural Relevance rating: 3

Inherent to its title ‘Human Biology,’ this textbook has a fabulous opportunity to speak to diverse races, ethnicities and backgrounds. Interestingly, very few humans are shown in any of the images, and very few in-text conversations address matters of diversity across humanity. It seems that care has been taken avoid issues, but perhaps there is a missed opportunity to open up great avenues of conversation.

I am considering this Human Biology as a main resource for a new upcoming course that I will be teaching. That said, I would be altering the way in which students interact with much of the information by including more current case studies, articles and activities. I also would aim to incorporate current technology, and integrate more culturally diverse examples and ideas. Earlier I mentioned the review questions and problem-solving exercises located at the end of main chapter sections. While that material is useful, I do not know why the answers are provided directly after the questions, making it difficult to truly test oneself. I suggest providing an alternate location for the solutions.

Reviewed by Jessica Daniels, Biology Instructor, Minnesota State Community and Technical College on 6/28/21

Most body systems are covered sufficiently for a non-major’s biology class. However, the anatomy may need to be supplemented if using for a lab class (i.e. bone or muscle labeling/identification). A brief chapter on tissues would be helpful for... read more

Comprehensiveness rating: 3 see less

Most body systems are covered sufficiently for a non-major’s biology class. However, the anatomy may need to be supplemented if using for a lab class (i.e. bone or muscle labeling/identification). A brief chapter on tissues would be helpful for understanding organs and systems. Although there are chapters on DNA and gene expression and meiosis, it does not have a chapter on human inheritance. A section (or chapter) on cancer with cell cycle would be helpful. It is also missing the integumentary system.

Content Accuracy rating: 5

I did not find any errors or biases.

The content included is up-to-date. It could use more current examples to make the material more relevant to students. The modular nature of the text would allow it to be easily updated.

The text is easy to read. Technical terms are explained.

Consistency rating: 5

The text framework and organization are consistent from one chapter to the next.

The text is divided into short, logical sections that are easy to read.

Organization/Structure/Flow rating: 5

Each chapter starts with an introduction, followed by short sections/units. Each section or subunit is divided into short subsections. Each section is followed by review questions and answers, a glossary of terms. Some sections have links to animations or videos.

Interface rating: 5

The text is free of significant interface issues.

I didn’t find any grammatical errors.

I didn’t find anything culturally insensitive. Like most biology textbooks, this text could include more inclusive material. For example, highlighting contributions of diverse scientists or using more culturally diverse examples. This text did give some examples of diseases more common in different ethnic backgrounds.

This text would be appropriate for a one semester human biology or introductory A&P course. I would need to supplement materials for some topics and for lab use. It would be helpful if there were associated ancillary materials, like lecture presentations or access to figure files, study or testing materials.

Reviewed by Laylonda Maines, Affiliate Faculty, Metropolitan State University of Denver on 3/26/21, updated 4/22/21

I thought it was comprehensive. I teach Anatomy & Physiology and the textbook gets into enough detail for my Human Biology class. Personally, I would have liked to have more on diseases. read more

I thought it was comprehensive. I teach Anatomy & Physiology and the textbook gets into enough detail for my Human Biology class. Personally, I would have liked to have more on diseases.

I did not see any inaccuracies.

Relevance/Longevity rating: 5

I like how that the author highlights the careers from the specific organ system. The information seemed pretty up-to-date.

I thought the textbook was really clear and simplistic. I believe it would be easy for a student to follow along.

All of the topics had same formatting and they were aligned. I did not see any issues with consistency.

I like that it is spaced out well. I like the bold words, pictures, videos, tables, etc. I believe a student could follow along and read it without difficulties. The Human Biology course that I teach mostly consists of non majors so that is my lens.

I like the way it is organized within the topics. I would move immune system up and reproductive to the end with nervous and special senses. I tend to do digestive and urinary together so I would have them by each other. In my current textbook, I have to jump around so that is not an issue for me.

I like the set up. It is great that you can click on the topic and go straight to the section. The images (pictures and tables) are good quality.

I did not see any errors. It is well-structured and easy to follow.

I did not see many references to difference cultures, but there were no offenses. There was a table on blood typing regarding ethnic groups and percentages. I am not going to rate lower because I do not see many cultural references in my current textbook either. I did like the everyday connections.

I really like that there were questions (multiple choice and short answer) with solutions inside of the text. You could make an assignment from these questions or use for active learning purposes. Also, all of the video links that I clicked on worked and they were very informative. I did not try to use the QR codes. I really liked that it was simple, clear, and aligned well. It seemed to be accessible and could be used with screen readers. I would verify with your institution.

I really liked that there were Art Connections (describes some of the more complex illustrations and concepts), Careers in Action (exactly what it sounds like), and there were some tutorials available. I do try to relate to everyday or real life and this textbook does do that. I may need to add a few more examples.

Ultimately, I really liked the OpenStax textbook and I would like to adopt it. I could use "as is" or maybe add in specific diseases for each organ system. Unfortunately, I use other resources with my textbook that I would still need to have. If you are able to collaborate with someone, you could make your own active learning assignments, assessments, etc. This could be a great option that is free for the student and you do not have to make changes when a new edition comes out.

Reviewed by Pamela Thinesen, Instructor, Minnesota State on 6/15/19

Would like to see even a short section on human evolution. As well, I don't see coverage of integumentary system or development. Lymphatic system is with immune system, which is fine but perhaps change title for Ch 20 to "Immune System and... read more

Comprehensiveness rating: 4 see less

Would like to see even a short section on human evolution. As well, I don't see coverage of integumentary system or development. Lymphatic system is with immune system, which is fine but perhaps change title for Ch 20 to "Immune System and Lymphatic System."

I found no errors or bias.

I believe the text is up-to-date and written in a way that prevents need for numerous updates.

The text is well-written, as or more understandable than the many other texts I've used.

I suggest incorporating a section on human evolution, perhaps with the introductory chapter. Also development with the Reproductive System. Endocrine System is the proper name for the "hormones" chapter. Also consider adding "Lymphatic System" to the title for Ch 20 ("Immune System and Lymphatic System"). As above, would also like to see a chapter on the Integumentary System.

Modularity rating: 4

See comments under the "Consistency" section.

Would like to see a short section on human evolution and humans' interconnections with other species. As well, I don't see coverage of integumentary system or development. Lymphatic system is with immune system, which is fine, but perhaps change title of Ch 20 to "Immune System and Lymphatic System." Ch 11 is titled "Hormones." Perhaps change that to "Endocrine System (Hormones)."

Found no problems with navigation or links.

I did not find any grammatical errors.

Cultural Relevance rating: 5

The text is not culturally insensitive, but I don't see examples that are inclusive of variety of races, ethnicities, gender identity (and genetics). A section on human evolution and/or inheritance/genetics could make the text more inclusive.

Are there more online interactive materials? Add development to "Reproductive Systems" unit? Page numbering needs updating -- e.g., TOC says Immune System starts on p. 401, while it actually starts on p. 409.

Reviewed by Jonathan Christie, Instructor, Chemeketa Community College on 5/21/19

I found the book to be comprehensive over the topics normally covered in a one-semester human biology class for certain allied health majors such as medical assistant. This book could also serve as a "basic science" text for a science class that... read more

I found the book to be comprehensive over the topics normally covered in a one-semester human biology class for certain allied health majors such as medical assistant. This book could also serve as a "basic science" text for a science class that also on human biology. The book covers basic introductory cell biology concepts such as metabolism, and cell division and then does a system-by-system discussion of the human body. The book includes a glossary in each chapter and an overall index. I like that the index does topics by both page number as well as "module number" for those who use this book in modules, such as in an online environment. My only criticism of the index in this way is the modules are printed in the same line and font as the page number, making it somewhat harder to see the page number if that's what you're looking for. Perhaps a different font or bolding might help this. One thing to note is this text is really a lecture-only text. If you need a text that can also be used for lab work such as labeling bones or muscles, for example, this text would not have the anatomical detail for that kind of use. You would need to supplement this book if you wished to use it in a lab-based setting.

Content Accuracy rating: 3

I found the book accurate in most of the topics I looked at. Topics that most of us as teachers would likely cover are accurate in what they present and at the level this book targets. My reason for only giving it a three is partly because I didn't read every topic in depth, so I can't guarantee how accurate certain topics may be. Also, accuracy depends somewhat on the level of detail and discussion, and because that varies by chapter, it's hard to pinpoint how accurate a paragraph would be if the topic was elaborated on a bit more. Here's an example from the urinary system chapter: "GFR is regulated by multiple mechanisms and is an important indicator of kidney function." Is that accurate at face value? Yes. However, you could argue it's not a complete answer-- e.g., why is it important? Why mechanisms are there? -- and so it's a bit hard to qualify the overall accuracy if the statements are sometimes a big vague.

For this level of class, I don't think being "up-to-date" is necessarily the most critical of discussions. The basic physiology and anatomy of the human body presented here should be fine for most teachers in the foreseeable future. Any areas that might need adjustment over time, such as the genetics topics, can easily be changed out due to the modular nature of the book. The topics (chapters) are broken down into discrete modules so a teacher could alter or substitute a module to match current updates or to stress an aspect of that topic that isn't part of the current text. For my classes, I could see myself adding a module in the immunity section over allergies and tolerance and in the genetics section on epigenetics.

Clarity rating: 3

Writing in clear and most science jargon is reduced to a minimum. Examples and analogies are relevant to students and I enjoyed the writing regarding "real life" medical careers and equipment, such as what an AED is for and how it relates back to the heart section. Detracting from the writing is detail level, inconsistent bolding of words, and references in the text that should either have a picture to illustrate what's being talked about. For example, in the vestibular module of the special senses unit, the semi-circular canals are the only bolded word. Why not otoliths or utricle and saccule? Also, while the action of the vestibular system is described quite well, there is not diagram or animation link to show how these structure work to provide balance. If I were a visual learner, a picture would really help me here.

Consistency rating: 3

As alluded to above, the book seems inconsistent in level of detail and the use of diagram. I understand this book was an amalgam of three different texts, so a little disjointedness is expected and visible in the text. Some modules are illustrated well and somewhat detailed while others have one image only over a two-page section. The sections dealing with cell biology (the first part) are more unified as a whole in format than the anatomy sections. The anatomy sections vary considerably. For example, the skeletal system module is quite good (at least for my class use). The reproductive system, by contrast, seem weak and lacks the images and clarity of the skeletal. As stated in another review, there are differences in how things are referenced in the text and how words are chosen to bold (or not), and other subtle editing choices. Overall, though, I don't think a student would find each module distracting; just the overall book as a whole if one were to read it from cover-to-cover.

Each chapter and its modules are more-or-less self explanatory and can moved/edited/replaced without disturbing the overall book. For my class, I could see myself re-ordering the topics and having students still use the book well without having to go back-and-forth to reference ideas. The use of topic summaries, problem sets, and sub-topics is done in a way that enable modularity.

The topics are in a logical order and modules follow a structure of: overall purpose --> important anatomy --> function of that anatomy --> regulation of those organs --> applications & careers that relate. I found this flow easy to use and students would find it fitting their expectations. While I disagree somewhat on the placement of topics within the whole book--for example, I would skeletal system earlier in the book--I can't fault the choices made by the author. The modularity makes it possible to rearrange the topics if you found students who insist on "going in order."

Due to the mixture of different books as the source for this one, I did find the images and charts differed enough in topics to be noticeable. Some diagrams were entire pages while others were small. Some had narrative captions of (excessive) length while others were just labels. While it didn't confuse me in terms of what was being shown, it did cause me to pause and ask if the pictures were the right ones in the right place or if others could have been better choices.

Grammatical Errors rating: 4

No grammatical errors that were noticeable. There were some editorial choices (such as using abbreviations for some words but not others) that could be more consistent. In my copy, there were some format decisions (such as paragraph length, picture layout, and sentence structure) that, although not wrong, did seem to vary enough to notice the lack of pattern.

I didn't find anything to offend.

Overall, I liked the book and think it's a good choice for those of us teaching the "one-off" basic bio classes that are to be simpler than the majors' level of A&P but more inclusive than general biology. I especially enjoy this book's teaching of basic science concepts in the beginning for those classes of mine that require basic science skills in addition to human biology.

Reviewed by Noel Boaz, Professor of Anatomy, Emory and Henry College, School of Health Sciences on 3/9/19

This textbook is organized primarily by systems and it covers all 11 in 20 chapters (even though the Table of Contents only lists 19). Five chapters are predominantly discipline- or topic-focused: Chapter 1 on the Scientific Method, Chapter 2 on... read more

This textbook is organized primarily by systems and it covers all 11 in 20 chapters (even though the Table of Contents only lists 19). Five chapters are predominantly discipline- or topic-focused: Chapter 1 on the Scientific Method, Chapter 2 on Chemistry and Life, Chapter 4 on DNA and Gene Expression, Chapter 6 on Energy Considerations, and Chapter 13 on Mitosis and Meiosis. Each chapter has a glossary but the book lacks an index. Even though many topics generally considered to be encompassed in Human Biology are included here, the treatment of them is generally unintegrated into the larger contexts of evolutionary biology, ecology, human life cycle adaptation, and normal physiological adaptations. Areas that are left out of this text include: Principles of Evolution chapter in which one would have desired to have a discussion of the important topic of individual variation in anatomy and physiology within populations, effects of natural selection, especially as related to health and disease, biogeography, and the origins of life and the human lineage; Development and Aging is an area that is not treated in this book, including embryogenesis, placental structure and function, the human life cycle, life span, and congenital malformations; Principles of Ecology are not touched upon here, including structure of human populations, effects of population growth, effects of air and water quality on human health, human land use and biology, and human effects of the loss of global biodiversity. The topics that are covered can be uneven. For example, there are in-depth details given on the Scientific Method, on Myocardial Infarction, and in lengthy topic boxes on selected careers in health care, while many applications to contemporary research issues in Human Biology, normal heart innervation in physiological adaptation, and other career options that also draw upon Human Biology are not included.

The book is authoritative and strongest in biochemistry and cell biology. It is weaker on evolutionary theory. For example, in Chapter 2 the first Critical Thinking Question deals with "adaptation" (read "adaptability") in responding to olfactory cues in the context of smelling fire in a residence hall versus around a campfire, after an earlier definition of "adaptation" as a purely physical/biological evolved characteristic. Special Senses are not dealt with in the book until Chapter 18. A student would find this confusing. Content is least accurate in the realm of Anatomy. There are a number of minor errors that are perhaps just more distracting than of major impact. However, these are most noticeable in: Chapter 9 on the Heart where, for example, the legend to Figure 1 contradicts the figure by confusing the base of the heart with its apex; the three layers of the pericardium are misidentified; and the cardiac veins are misidentified as "coronary" veins (confusing them with coronary arteries). Chapter 11 on the Respiratory System where, for example, the nasopharynx is incorrectly said to be flanked by the conchae (they flank the nasal cavity) and the laryngopharynx is said to conduct air (not unless one is swallowing air). Chapter 15 on the Reproductive System notes that a lack of testosterone leads to scrotal tissue developing into "labia" when "labia majora" should have been specified to differentiate from labia-minora-homologous hypospadias. Chapter 16 on the Skeletal System figures the "metaphysis" of long bones but leaves this important structure out of the text.

Most content covered is up-to-date. One exception was the use of the old term "solar plexus" in Chapter 18 in relation to the sympathetic nervous system, but the conceptual context is appropriate and the term can be readily corrected. The text does not deal as thoroughly with Genomics as one would like even though there are lengthy discussions of the traditional genetic topics of mitosis and meiosis and DNA replication. These sections could be revised to include more recent research findings, for example, on oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and homeobox genes.

In general the writing is clear, concise, and accessible. There is good use of analogy to get concepts across. I thought using ATP "dollars" to pay the cell's "energy bill" was effective. Difficult concepts such as acid-base balance in Chapter 3 and glycolysis and the Krebs Cycle in Chapter 7 were well done.

There is some confusion over the "levels of complexity" on which the text is based. Figure 1 in Chapter 1 shows 6 levels but in the text 10 levels are discussed. The reader is left to ponder whether subatomic particles or atoms are the starting point, where "organelles" fit in exactly, and is there a difference between the molecular level and macromolecular level. This problem could be addressed with a fuller discussion of how these levels historically evolved, as we now know more clearly from the molecular clock, astrobiology, and the genomic "Tree of Life" work. There are minor technical issues with text consistency. The references to figures in the various chapters vary. Some chapters have only "figure" to designate call-outs while other chapters have numbered figures. In one case a chapter (Chapter 8) had "objectives. The other chapters did not. Some chapters had a summary of what a student would learn, roughly tantamount to objectives. Others did not. Questions at the end of chapters were usually "review" questions but some chapters had "critically thinking questions."

This book is quite modular in that the chapters can stand by themselves. The sequence that systems are taught in a particular course could readily use most chapters in a different arrangement.

There is a logic to the organization of organic levels in the text, particularly the initial chapters on molecules and cells which are clearly the simplest levels. The rationale of why the digestive system is the first system to be discussed (Chapter 5) is less obvious but each system is largely treated by itself so the sequence of systems was probably considered not of great concern. I was surprised somewhat to come upon a chapter on Mitosis and Meiosis (Chapter 13), at the the cellular level, in between chapters on the Urinary and Reproductive organ systems, until I realized there was a reproductive connection.

Interface rating: 4

The text states that one of its goals is accessibility by students. The art in this text is quite clear, interpretable, and well done. However, there were significant problems with the QR coded links generally termed "Concepts in Action." Not all chapters had these but I checked out each one in the text and found several that did not load. Several loaded but had no content. This can be distracting.

I encountered no issues with grammar. Although not technically "grammar," I noted a few typographical errors, the most obvious of which was "Antidiuretic Hormone" misspelled in section 13.3. It is also worth noting for correction in section 9.1 that "kardia" is Greek, not Latin.

There is nothing that I would consider culturally insensitive in the text.

This book would be most suited to a Biology Department course geared to premedical students because it tracks the traditional topics covered in the medical school curriculum. Some students, depending on their backgrounds, may struggle with the chemical, genetic, anatomical, and/or physiological material. An instructor using this textbook for a Human Biology class but desiring a more expansive biological purview that would encompass ev-devo, ecological, and genomic perspectives would have to provide this content on their own.

Table of Contents

• Chapter 1: Introduction to Human Biology and the Scientific Method
• Chapter 2: Chemistry and Life
• Chapter 3: Cells
• Chapter 4: DNA and Gene Expression
• Chapter 5: Digestive System
• Chapter 6: Energy Considerations
• Chapter 7: Blood
• Chapter 8: Heart
• Chapter 9: Blood Vessels
• Chapter 10: Respiratory System
• Chapter 11: Hormones
• Chapter 12: Urinary System
• Chapter 13: Mitosis and Meiosis
• Chapter 14: Reproductive Systems
• Chapter 15: Skeletal System
• Chapter 16: Muscles and Movement
• Chapter 17: Nervous System
• Chapter 18: Special Senses
• Chapter 19: Immune System

Ancillary Material

About the book.

This textbook has been created with several goals in mind: accessibility, customization, and student engagement—all while encouraging students toward high levels of academic scholarship. Students will find that this textbook offers a strong introduction to human biology in an accessible format.

About the Contributors

Samantha Fowler , Clayton State University Rebecca Roush , Sandhills Community College James Wise , Hampton University

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Free Biology Essay Examples & Writing Tips

Don’t know what to write about in your essay on biology? Looking for good biology essay examples for inspiration? This article has all you need!

A biology essay is a type of academic paper that focuses on a particular topic of biology. It can discuss animal life, cycles in biology, or a botanic subject. You will need to demonstrate your critical thinking skills and provide relevant evidence to support your perspective.

On this page, you will find examples of biology essays. You will also find here tips and topics prepared by our experts . They can assist you in nailing your short or extended essay.

Areas of Research for Biology Essays

If you’ve been assigned to write a biology essay, you probably know which area of research you have to choose. However, it might be beneficial to explore other available scopes. It’s useful for both interdisciplinary study and the cases when you are free to pick your area of research. In this section, let’s figure out what you can study in biology.

Here are biological areas of research you should be familiar with:

• Cancer Biology studies this type of disease to prevent, detect, diagnose and cure it. The ultimate goal of such biologists is to eliminate cancer.
• Cell Biology is a branch that studies the structure, function, and behavior of cells. Here, biologists study healthy and sick cells to produce vaccines, medication, etc.
• Biochemistry is an application of chemistry to the study of biological processes on cell and molecular levels. It is a cross-discipline between chemistry and biology. The focus is on the chemical processes of living organisms.
• Computation Biology is a study of biological data that develops algorithms and models to understand biological systems. Here, scientists either work for institutions or research for private enterprises.
• Genetics is an area that focuses on the study of genes and genetic variations for health benefits. It looks at the way DNA affects certain diseases.
• Human Disease is an area within which scientists study different diseases. The field covers cancer, developmental disorders, disease genes, etc.
• Immunology is a branch of biology that focuses on immunity. Immunologists look at the way the body responds to viruses as a way to protect the organism.
• Microbiology studies all living organisms that are too small for our eye to see. It includes bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other microorganisms.
• Neurobiology is the study of the nervous system. Biologists examine the way the brain works and look into brain illnesses.
• Stem Cell and Developmental Biology seeks to examine how the processes behind stem cell’s ability transform cells. The biologists in this area use the power of stem cells to model human illnesses.

Essay on Biology: Writing Tips

Want to know how to start a biology essay? Wondering about the best way to write your essay on biology? Then check out the following tips.

When you’re writing about biology, pay attention to the following features:

• Introduction . Just as in any other form of academic writing, the first section of your paper introduces the subject. Here, explain why your ideas are relevant to biology as a science.
• Thesis Statement. The final one or two sentences of the first paragraph should include your original hypothesis and experiment. You will be proving them in the main body. You do not have to include the results as the reader will encounter them later. If you’re struggling with this part, try our thesis generator .
• Main Body. In this part, write about all the experiments in detail. Often, teachers require to include visual aid to prove your point. For Zoology, Anatomy, Botany, it is pretty easy to find some photos and illustrations.
• Conclusion. Here, restate your thesis. Reemphasize the most critical aspects described in the main body. You can do it by using our summarizing tool . The goal of this last paragraph is to leave an everlasting impression on the reader.

Thank you for reading our article. We hope you found it helpful. Share it with your class peers who also study biology. Additionally, have a look at the biological essay examples below.

808 Best Essay Examples on Biology

Grass and its importance, the benefits of animals to humans essay.

• Words: 1166

The Effect of Temperature on Amylase Activity

• Words: 1293

Biology of Grasses: Description and Importance

Effects of vinegar on the germination rate of mung beans seeds.

• Words: 1750

Ubiquity of Microorganisms

• Words: 2210

Seed Germination Experiment: Results and Discussion

Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological system theory.

• Words: 1827

Anaerobic Respiration and Its Applications

• Words: 1274

Mung Seed Germination Patterns under Varying pH Values

Botany and taxonomy of the onion.

• Words: 2414

Strawberries History

• Words: 1484

Pets and people

Dark or light skin: advantages and disadvantages, nanobiotechnology, its advantages and disadvantages, similarities and differences of photosynthesis and cellular respiration, mitosis and meiosis in onion root tip.

• Words: 1691

Lemon, Its Origin and Production

• Words: 1115

Characteristics of Adult Development

• Words: 1311

The C-Fern Plant Laboratory Experiment

• Words: 1101

Browning Reactions Explained

Rabbit muscular system dissection report, osmosis through a potato slice dipped in solutions of varying concentrations.

• Words: 1075

Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells: Key Differences

Microbiology: zygomycota, ascomycota and basidiomycota, cell organelles, their functions, and disease.

• Words: 1195

Aspects, Importance and Issues of Biodiversity

Mitosis in onion root and whitefish blastula, a study of the brine shrimps and their natural environment.

• Words: 1937

Transpiration Process in Plants

Vitamin a: description and usage, pollutants effects on cellular respiration rate.

• Words: 1434

The Thermoregulation Is and Its Importance

Different ecosystems and living things, botany and zoology in the classroom.

• Words: 1631

Importance of the Brain in Human Body

Substrate concentration and rate of enzyme reactions.

• Words: 1730

Molecular Biology. Production of pET28b and EGFP Clones

• Words: 4609

Cells, Tissues, and Major Organs Systems

• Words: 2269

A Brief Discussion of Animal and Plant Cells

Olfactics and its importance for living beings.

• Words: 1446

The Insect Effect on Human Life

Cane toad: introduction and threat.

• Words: 1018

The Characteristics and Importance of Nervous System

• Words: 1705

Forensic Procedures: Hairs and Fibres

• Words: 2067

The Digestive System in the Human Body

The function and structures of the human heart, the integumentary and the skeleton system.

• Words: 1100

Dugesia, a Planarian With Its Peculiar Characteristics

• Words: 3207

Photosynthesis As A Biological Process

The effect of different shampoos on the bacteria growth.

• Words: 1737

Marine Life in United Arab Emirates

• Words: 1474

Falling in Love as Part of Natural Selection

• Words: 1085

Microbiology and Its Role in Healthcare

Seed germination and osmosis.

• Words: 1127

Ethnobotanical Uses of Plants

• Words: 1938

How SCOBY Changes Its Environment: Lab Experiment

• Words: 1214

Introduction to the Nervous System

Yeast and the fermentation process, archaea and bacteria prokaryotes dichotomous keys, lipids: fatty acids and glycerols, common biochemical cycles, evolution of predator and prey pairings, description of mitosis and meiosis, biology: photosynthesis and respiration, the euphorbia plant modification and adaptation, human circulatory system and evolution, a light microscope: function and usage, the anatomy and physiology of the nervous system of a rat.

• Words: 1612

Consequences of Orange Juice on the Germination of Mung Bean Seeds

Life in the bottom of the ocean and its protection.

• Words: 1529

Vertical Stratification

Basic and applied biology: key differences, researching the physiology of the eye.

• Words: 1122

Microbiological Studies, Applications, and Current Discoveries

Brine shrimp habitat, the genus rosa’s adaptation to the environment.

• Words: 1144

Invertase Enzyme: Description and Role

• Words: 1151

History Of Biotechnology

• Words: 1908

Cell Culture and Biomedical Applications

• Words: 1485

Ubiquity of Bacteria: Laboratory Activity

• Words: 1496

Rosalind Franklin: The Discovery of the DNA Structure

Food macromolecules – lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins, the importance of sleeping and dreaming, climate change and threat to animals, how the human eye works analogous to a camera, the characteristics and importance of chickpeas.

• Words: 3665

Physiology of Uromastyx Aegyptia

• Words: 1340

Natural Sciences. The Phenol Red Broth Test Experiment

• Words: 1156

Corn Plant’s Developmental Stages

A study of “escherichia coli”, melanin theory as a pseudoscientific claim.

• Words: 1645

Biology: Analysis of Egg Experiment

Non-trophic interaction in marine species, microbial growth and effect of ph on it.

• Words: 1330

Biodiversity, Interdependency: Threatened and Endhangered Species

What enzymes are and how do they work, the dna extraction procedure: scientific experiment, shapes of cells and their functions, pfiesteria piscicida: classification and analysis.

• Words: 1704

“The Egg and the Sperm” by Emily Martin Critique

• Words: 2577

Microbial Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Impact

Soil impact on the growth of plants.

• Words: 1227

Vaquita – Endangered Species

• Words: 1367

Biowarfare and Bioterrorism: History and Origin

Responsible house plant keeping.

• Words: 2262

Green Fluorescent Protein – Applications in Biochemistry

Psychophysics: definition & fundamentals.

• Words: 1606

Reproductive Isolation and Its Potential Effects

Sleep may be nature’s time management tool by carey, venus flytraps and arthropods: plant-animal interactions.

• Words: 2088

Gekkonidae: Biological Characteristics

• Words: 1121

Domesticated, Cultivated, and Wild Species

Human reproductive biology: organs, structure, functions.

• Words: 2909

Biology. Cell Analogy – Nucleus + Nucleolus

Quantitative analysis of the phosphate solublising ability of endophytic bacteria.

• Words: 6432

16S and 18S Ribonucleic Acids: The Key Differences

Photosynthesis, fermentation, and enzyme activity, escherichia coli-related articles review, stress & health: “why zebras don’t get ulcers” book by sapolsky.

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Unit 33: Human biology

About this unit, circulatory and pulmonary systems.

• The lungs and pulmonary system (Opens a modal)
• Red blood cells (Opens a modal)
• Circulatory system and the heart (Opens a modal)
• Hemoglobin (Opens a modal)
• Components of blood (Opens a modal)

The neuron and nervous system

• Anatomy of a neuron (Opens a modal)
• Overview of neuron structure and function (Opens a modal)
• The membrane potential (Opens a modal)
• Electrotonic and action potentials (Opens a modal)
• Saltatory conduction in neurons (Opens a modal)
• Neuronal synapses (chemical) (Opens a modal)
• The synapse (Opens a modal)
• Neurotransmitters and receptors (Opens a modal)
• Q & A: Neuron depolarization, hyperpolarization, and action potentials (Opens a modal)
• Overview of the functions of the cerebral cortex (Opens a modal)

The kidney and nephron

• The kidney and nephron (Opens a modal)
• Secondary active transport in the nephron (Opens a modal)
• Myosin and actin (Opens a modal)
• How tropomyosin and troponin regulate muscle contraction (Opens a modal)
• Role of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells (Opens a modal)
• Anatomy of a skeletal muscle fiber (Opens a modal)
• Role of phagocytes in innate or nonspecific immunity (Opens a modal)
• Types of immune responses: Innate and adaptive, humoral vs. cell-mediated (Opens a modal)
• B lymphocytes (B cells) (Opens a modal)
• Professional antigen presenting cells (APC) and MHC II complexes (Opens a modal)
• Helper T cells (Opens a modal)
• Cytotoxic T cells and MHC I complexes (Opens a modal)
• Review of B cells, CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells (Opens a modal)
• Inflammatory response (Opens a modal)

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Biology Essay Topics: 50+ Ideas for Your Next Project

by  Antony W

December 16, 2023

A Biological essay is a technical piece of assignment that requires careful topic selection, structure, and writing. So if your teacher hasn’t given you a title for the essay , you should tread carefully when choosing topics.

In this post, we share with you a list of 50+ Biology related ideas, which you may find useful and equally interesting during the brainstorming stage. You can use the list as inspiration to come up with a topic of your choice, or you can pick of these examples and modify it to your liking.

Key Takeaways 

• Because Biology is a broad subject, you should choose a topic that focuses on an interesting theme or an area that you’ve always wanted to explore.
• Check the Biology assignment prompt for guidelines on what you have to do, as these are the instructions that will inform your essay.
• Share the topic with your teacher first, so they can give you their opinion on whether it’s a suitable one to research.

50+ Best Biology Essay Topics

Below is a list of 50+ topics that you just might find useful and interesting enough to explore in your Biology essay:

Human Biology Essay Topics

• How does the mouse serve as a model for understanding human biology?
• What defines the secular trend observed in human physical growth over time?
• The significant role of medicinal plants in human life and health
• Understanding the characteristics of human biorhythms and their implications
• The interconnected circles of human blood circulation and the relationship between the respiratory and cardiovascular systems
• How do neurons interact within nerve centers, and what impact does this have?
• The influence of parental smoking, alcohol, and drug abuse on the embryonic development of a child

Controversial Biology Essay Topics

• What are the leading theories on how life initially emerged on Earth?
• Is there evidence suggesting that plants might experience something akin to pain?
• Can we determine if animals possess consciousness? 
• To what extent is animal testing essential for achieving major biological breakthroughs?
• What defines the concept of the Last Universal Common Ancestor (LUCA) in evolutionary biology?
• Where did eukaryotic life forms originate from and what evidence supports this?
• Are viruses considered living entities, and why or why not?
• What are the fundamental theories explaining the origins of the human species?
• Why has the mystery of brain function remained unsolved despite scientific advancements?
• Is it scientifically accurate to state that a fetus cannot feel pain?
• What is the current understanding of the status of Nano bacteria in biological research?

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Biology Extended Essay Topics

• How does a multicellular organism develop from a single cell?
• What are the defining characteristics of the regeneration process in living organisms?
• How does guided natural selection influence species’ evolution, and what are its implications?
• What structural and anatomical features differentiate mammals, using two representatives for comparison?
• How does catastrophe theory contribute to understanding the progression of life in nature?
• What are the biological aspects of pathogenesis in both animals and plants?
• How does self-regulation function within biological systems?
• Describe the processes involved in the reproduction and development of living systems.
• What are the fundamental organizational principles that sustain the biosphere?
• How do different forms of movement occur at the subcellular, cellular, and organism levels?

Cell Biology Essay Topics

• How do stem cells contribute to medical advancements?
• What pathways in cell biology offer promising approaches for treating Alzheimer’s disease?
• The primary research methods utilized in cell biology and how they contribute to scientific discoveries.
• How scientists study fixed objects and the insights that this approach provide. 
• The fundamental differences between DNA and RNA, and how do they function within cells.
• An overview of the structure and components that constitute a cell in biology

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Zoology Essay Topics

• What are the intricate migration patterns of birds and how do they navigate across vast distances?
• How primate language or communication systems resemble and differ from human language.
• Analyze how scientists analyze and manage the impact of invasive species on ecosystems.
• Explain how different species of animals communicate with each other.
• What historical evidence or scientific findings shed light on the domestication process of canines and its impact on their behavior and traits?
• Is there a correlation between brain size and the intelligence or cognitive abilities of different species?

Animal Research Essay Topics

• What factors contribute to the rising obesity rates among household pets?
• Ethical considerations surrounding the testing of beauty products on animals
• What cognitive functions do primates exhibit and how do these compare to human cognitive abilities?
• How do predators and prey adapt to their roles in the ecosystem and what strategies have evolved in this ongoing interaction?
• What variations exist in the vision of different animal species and how do these adaptations contribute to their survival?
• The implications of fishing practices on marine conservation efforts
• What are the consequences of removing animals from their natural habitats?

Botany Essay Topics

• What recent breakthroughs in plant research have significantly affected modern agricultural practices? 
• How do plants respond to various stressors and what physiological mechanisms enable them to adapt to adverse conditions?
• Elaborate on the structural diversity and different types of fungi.
• What recent discoveries or insights have emerged from the study of plant fossils and how do they contribute to our understanding of ancient plant life?
• How does the process of photosynthesis function in plants and what factors influence its efficiency and effectiveness?
• What are the mechanisms of genetic inheritance in plants and how do these mechanisms affect the traits and characteristics of plant species?
• What are some prevalent diseases or issues affecting plants and what methods are used to manage or prevent these problems?
• What unique characteristics define ferns, and what role do they play in the ecology and biodiversity of various habitats?

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About the author 

Antony W is a professional writer and coach at Help for Assessment. He spends countless hours every day researching and writing great content filled with expert advice on how to write engaging essays, research papers, and assignments.

160 Biology Essay Topics

For most science courses, assignments are generally lab-based and rarely require much writing. However, all of that changes in biology courses when detailed essays must be written to highlight a student’s understanding of the subject. These essays are highly technical, with specific comments required to meet the factual nature of the subject.

In addition to meeting the factual requirements needed to complete the assignment, biology essays must also be written in a writing style that is informative and authoritative rather than subjective and personal.

These detailed specifics of writing a biology essay can make completing the writing difficult from the very beginning. Fortunately, we’ve created this guide to help students learn how to write a biology essay. In addition, we’ve also included 160 biology essay topics to help inspire the creative writing process.

How to Write a Biology Essay?

Writing a biology essay starts with choosing a topic. If your teacher has not already assigned a specific topic, then students must choose one that is broad enough to find credible resources and specific enough that the research won’t overtake the writing process.

To select a suitable topic for a biology essay, consider the type of biology class you are taking, the current and previous chapters studied, and the overall context of the course. These factors will help you select a topic that is likely to be relevant to your teacher’s needs and to the passing of your course.

Once students have selected a suitable topic, it’s time to research credible resources that will support the subject. To do this successfully, students need to consider the following:

• What information is already known about this topic?
• What topics are related or similar to this topic?
• Who are credible authors that can explain this topic?
• What additional sources will provide me with the information needed to complete this assignment successfully?

For example, if you want to write a biology essay on protein synthesis and its regulation at the transcriptional level, research material would include books, articles, and other written works published by credible authors or publishers. While important, this material isn’t the only type of research that should be completed.

Students may also consider consulting medical and biology dictionaries, textbooks, online research databases such as PubMed or Medline, and professional organizations for biologists to find additional sources. Once the research has been completed, it’s time to create the first draft of the biology essay.

Biology Essay Introduction

Starting an essay is always the same. Students should open with a catchy hook statement that introduces an interesting fact, presents a unique perspective, or raises a thought-provoking question.

Once that sentence has been created, students can use the middle part of the introduction to introduce fundamental concepts and provide background details about the topic.

Once that information has been laid out, and the reader knows the necessary details to make the reading interesting and worthwhile, students should move into the final portion of the introduction that answers the question: WHY is this essay important? This question is answered in the form of a thesis statement that details the essay’s overall purpose.

Biology Essay Body Paragraphs

The body paragraphs of your essay will contain the bulk of your research. Be sure that each body paragraph meets the following requirements:

• One clear idea represented per paragraph or section
• Examples that back up the point of the paragraph
• A clear and logical flow between paragraphs with transition words

Make sure that the body paragraphs only contain information pertinent to the subject or topic. Avoid fluff or filler words and phrases that don’t add any substance or value to the writing.

The number of paragraphs in the body may vary depending on the assignment parameters and the essay style. For example, an essay with a 1000 word limit won’t have as many body paragraphs as an essay with a high word count.

Additionally, a compare and contrast essay that examines the similarities and differences between two or more biology concepts may have more body paragraphs than an argumentative essay.

Biology Essay Conclusion

The final section of a biology essay is the conclusion. In this section, students need to summarize the major points of the essay and the overall purpose for writing it. The thesis should also be re-stated to recap what has been learned from the writing.

In addition to these sentences, students should include a final remark about their research and findings. This might be a thought that ties into the intro or another interesting angle that presents a new way of looking at your topic.

Once the conclusion is completed, students should edit and review their work. Make sure that the essay is free of grammar and spelling mistakes before submitting it for grading.

When it comes to choosing a biology essay topic, it is not always as easy as it seems. For students looking for help with writing a biology essay, we have compiled a list of 160 biology essay topics that will hopefully give you some great ideas.

Biology Essay Topics About Animals

• What is the importance of bats in our ecosystem?
• What is the difference between a domesticated cat and a wildcat?
• How do animals adapt to their environments?
• What are the various types of symbiotic relationships found in nature?
• Which animals have been known to show altruism towards other species?
• What impact does human activity have on animal behavior?
• What are some of the advantages and disadvantages of zoos?
• How do animal brains work?
• What is an animal’s anatomical structure like?
• What are some symbiotic relationships between humans and animals?
• What is the difference between herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, and insectivores?
• Why are having pets important to humans?
• What are the positive and negative impacts of commercial farming on animals?
• Do you think it is acceptable to keep pets in zoos? Why or why not?
• What are some common misconceptions about cats, dogs, rodents, cows, sheep, horses, reptiles/fish/insects?
• How do animal bones support their body structure?
• What are the effects of humans on the natural habitats of animals?
• What are some ways in which animal anatomy is similar to human biology?
• What are some symbiotic relationships found in the animal kingdom?
• Can humans and animals communicate with each other?
• How do different types of animal cells function differently than human cells?
• Why do some animals see better in the dark?
• Explain the circulatory system of cold-blooded animals and how it differs from that of warm-blooded animals.
• What are some examples of mimicry in nature?

Biology Essay Topics About Cellular Biology

• How does cell theory apply to cellular biology?
• What is mitosis, and where does it take place?
• What are the different parts of a cell?
• What is a nucleolus?
• What are the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
• How do viruses affect our cells?
• How does photosynthesis work?
• Why is it important to study cellular biology as a foundation for other disciplines of biology?
• What are the functions of organelles in cells?
• What is anabolism and catabolism?
• How do plants use photosynthesis to produce sugar while animals break down food for energy?
• Describe the process of homeostasis and explain how the human body maintains its internal environment.
• What are the important parts of a cell?
• How do cells reproduce?
• What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?
• What is the importance of cellular research to humans?
• Explain mitochondria, chloroplasts, and vacuoles in plant cells.
• What are some of the problems with using stem cells in medical research?
• What are the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms?
• How do humans reproduce sexually?
• Why is it different to clone plants than animals?
• What are some important functions of membranes in cells?
• What is the significance of mass spectrometry to molecular biology and genetics?
• How do viruses reproduce?
• What are mitochondria responsible for in eukaryotic cells?
• What is the difference between a plasmid and a virus?
• Do you think cloning animals should be allowed? Why or why not?
• What is a cell cycle?
• How do diseases affect the structure and function of cells?
• What are some ethical issues with genetic engineering?
• What is cell division, and how does it work?
• Where does meiosis occur in the body, and what does it accomplish?
• Explain the structure and function of ribosomes in eukaryotic cells.
• What is a cell membrane made up of, and what are its important structural components?
• How do antibiotics affect bacterial cells?
• Do you think cloning humans should be allowed? Why or why not?
• What makes up the cytoskeleton?
• How are molecular structures related to the functions of cells?
• What are some examples of biomolecules necessary for cell function and survival?
• What types of molecules make up an organism’s genome?

Biology Essay Topics About the Ecosystem

• What does the term food web mean?
• Why is it important to study population dynamics in an ecosystem?
• How do humans affect other species and their environments?
• How can we prevent and control invasive species, and why are they so dangerous?
• What effects does pollution have on animals and their habitats?
• How do global warming and climate change affect the ecosystem?
• What are the different types of animals found in ecosystems?
• What happens to an ecosystem when one species becomes extinct?
• What is the difference between biotic and abiotic components of an ecosystem?
• How do humans feed off other species to survive?
• Describe how the r-selected life strategy works.
• What are some examples of symbiosis found in nature?
• How does biodiversity affect the structure, function, and survival of ecosystems?
• How does the stability of an ecosystem depend on biodiversity?
• What are trophic levels, and how do they function to maintain the structure of ecosystems?
• Why are invasive species dangerous?
• How do global climate changes and human activities affect the biodiversity of ecosystems?
• What types of organisms thrive in wetlands?
• How do humans benefit from studying ecosystems?
• What ecosystems are best suited to rapid climate change?

Biology Essay Topics About Evolution

• Is evolution strictly a scientific theory, or is it also valid spiritually?
• Why is research about the evolution of life important to our understanding of the past?
• What are some examples of convergent evolution?
• How does natural selection contribute to evolution?
• Why is it important for people to understand evolution and its role in biology?
• What are some benefits that humans enjoy thanks to evolution?
• How do mass extinctions impact the evolution of different species?
• How does a mutation affect a population’s gene pool and diversity?
• Explain the core principles of Darwin’s theory of evolution.
• How does an organism’s ability to respond to environmental changes contribute to its rate of evolution?
• What is polyphyletic evolution?
• What are some examples of vestigial traits in humans and other species?
• How do eco-evolutionary dynamics play a role in evolution?
• Do you think that past mass extinction events had an impact on evolution? Why or why not?
• What are some benefits humans enjoy thanks to evolution by natural selection?
• How could modern-day diets affect the evolutionary growth of humans?
• What animals have had evolutionary changes based on threats to their diets?
• What evolutionary response makes for the best camouflage?
• What types of traits can be used to differentiate between closely related species?
• What are the main factors that prevent a population from evolving?
• How is artificial selection different from natural selection?
• Why do scientists still debate about evolutionary theory despite overwhelming evidence supporting it?
• What are some examples of convergent evolution in nature, and how do they function as an adaptation?
• Why is research about the evolution of life important to understanding the past?

Biology Essay Topics About Genetics

• What is genetic drift, and how can it lead to changes in a population over time?
• How do the different parts of DNA interact with each other?
• How are dominant and recessive traits identified?
• What are some examples of genetic disorders?
• What causes Down syndrome, and how is it diagnosed in children?
• How does natural selection act on mutations to create variation in a population?
• Can scientists use DNA testing to learn about our ancestors’ migratory patterns and where they lived?
• How can animal migration help us to better understand genetics?
• Define molecular genetics and explain how it relates to classical and Mendelian genetics.
• What is the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and why is it important in population genetics?
• Do you believe that scientists should clone human beings? Why or why not?
• Why are dominant traits sometimes called masking genes?
• Why is genetic diversity important for long-term species survival?
• How are epigenetic changes related to evolution?
• What is the difference between gene expression and gene activity with regards to genetics?
• How do developmental genes affect the appearance of an organism throughout its life cycle?
• How have animal and plant breeders used genetic engineering to produce certain types of hybrids?
• What are the ethical implications of human cloning?
• What are the latest technologies in genetic engineering?
• What new technologies are needed to make human cloning a reality?
• How are living organisms adapting to the presence of plastics in our environment?
• Why are some individuals resistant to certain genetically programmed diseases?
• What are three common misconceptions about genetic engineering?
• What is transgenic technology, and how can it be used for disease prevention or treatment?
• How do microorganisms impact human health and the environment?
• What are some examples of a genetically modified organism?
• How does natural selection impact microorganisms?
• What is DNA profiling, and how can it help to solve crimes or return missing persons to their families?
• Why do scientists need more research surrounding epigenetics before drawing conclusions on its effects on evolution?

Biology Essay Topics About the Human Body

• What is the purpose of skeletal and respiratory systems?
• How do hormones affect our body on a daily basis?
• How does the endocrine system work as part of an overall regulatory system in the human body?
• What are some different types of cells found in the human body?
• What are the differences between exocrine and endocrine glands?
• What are stem cells, and why are they important to biological research?
• How do muscles work together to create movement in our bodies?
• How do bones help us to maintain balance while walking, standing up straight, and running?
• What are some ways that human behavior can impact our bodies?
• How do foods with high sugar content affect the digestive system?
• What organs are no longer necessary in the human body, and why?
• What blood types offer better protection from the elements?
• What are mosquitoes attracted to some humans and not to others?
• What pheromones do humans give off?
• What are the different types of blood cells?
• How does healthy eating help to maintain digestive health?
• Why do some people get migraines that others don’t seem to be bothered by?
• What is the pH level of human blood, and how can it be carefully regulated?
• How does altitude affect respiration in humans?
• What is the most complicated system in the human body?
• Explain the biological purposes of “Fight or Flight.”
• What role does the immune system play in human health?
• What is the difference between human anatomy and physiology?

Choosing any of these 160 biology essay topics will help students craft an informative and authoritative essay that is sure to earn them a passing grade.

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240 Interesting Biology Topics for Essays & Research Papers

Biology is often called the science of life . From bacteria to whales, biologists study all kinds of organisms. Have you ever wondered why bees dance? Or how can chickens be the closest modern relatives to dinosaurs? The buzzing world is full of complex wonders like these. That’s why it’s so easy to find a biology research topic of your liking.

Our specialists will write a custom essay specially for you!

If you need to craft a biology essay, this article is for you. Here you can learn about research areas and fields in biology. Besides, you will find 220 interesting biology topics to write about. Read on to refresh your knowledge of microbiology, epidemiology, and more.

Tight deadlines are demanding for all students. Luckily, our custom writing service is there for you! With our help, your biology project will be done in no time.

🔝 Top 10 Biology Research Topics

📚 areas of research in biology, ⭐ top 10 interesting biology topics for essays, 🍎 biological topics for high school.

• 🦠 Microbiology Topics
• 💀 Anatomy & Human Biology
• 🔬 Cell & Molecular Biology
• ♻️ Environmental Biology
• 🐬 Marine Biology
• 🌻 Plant Biology
• 🧬 Evolutionary Biology
• 👶🧑 Developmental Biology
• 😷 Epidemiology & Population Topics in Biology
• 📜 History of Biology

🔍 References

• Are viruses alive?
• How do emotions work?
• What is the role of hormones?
• Ways to recover endangered species
• Are allergies a sign of immune disorder?
• What is the function of chromosomes?
• Robert Hooke’s contribution to biology
• The difference between Darwinism and evolution
• The process of bacterial invasion of the body
• Ways to strengthen the human immune system

Biologists operate on a vast scale. Naturally, there are plenty of research areas. Let’s sort them out:

• Microbiology. Microbiologists examine minute organisms. Many of them, such as viruses, can cause infectious diseases. Because of this, microbiology is strongly linked with immunology.
• Anatomy. Anatomical research focuses on the structure of tissues and organs.
• Cell and molecular biology. Cells are the basis for every living being. The key topic in this area is the molecular organization of cells.
• Environmental biology. Our environment needs support, and environmental biologists provide it. They study ecosystems to find out how humans affect nature. Scientists in this area also observe how organisms react to their surroundings.
• Marine biology. This branch is concerned with life in the deep seas. Oceanography is a crucial part of marine biology.

• Botany. This study is also called plant biology. It studies the properties of organisms that need sun and water to survive. Common categories of plants include trees, shrubs, and flowers.
• Evolutionary biology. All that lives is always evolving. Organisms create, merge, and delete genes. Evolutionary biologists monitor these changes.
• Developmental biology. Research in this area includes studying tissue regeneration and cell growth.
• Epidemiology. Epidemiologists investigate diseases and health conditions. Key questions include: Where does a disease originate from? How does it transmit? What risks are there?

With this overview in mind, you’re ready to choose an interesting biological topic.

• 4 types of biotechnology
• Main branches of biochemistry
• Pros and cons of gene therapy
• Exobiology vs. astrobiology
• Biological functions of the DNA
• Levels of biological organization
• Properties of the phylogenetic tree
• Classification of invertebrate animals
• History of modern light microscopes
• The early modern period of plant systematics

From peas to platypuses: high school biology covers a wide range of topics. In your biology essay, you’ll have the chance to familiarize yourself with any of them. Your options are almost endless! Consult our list of 20 popular ideas to get your research started:

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• Compare the types of cell reproduction. 
• How did Gregor Mendel discover heredity? 
• Cell structure: prokaryotes vs. eukaryotes . 
• Enzymes : what do we need them for? 
• Explain how photosynthesis converts CO2 into O2. 
• How does the human metabolism work? 
• What are the differences between mitosis and meiosis?  
• How do you predict the probability of inheriting a gene? 
• Describe the structure of DNA.  
• What is PCR used for? 
• Biotechnology: the mechanisms behind cloning . 
• Survival of the fittest: what does natural selection mean? 
• Discuss the latest evidence for Darwin’s theory of evolution. 
• The tree of life: how does this concept depict the relationships between species? 
• What kind of strategies do organisms use to get nutrition? 
• Dinosaurs and their modern relatives: what do we know about them? 
• How does our nervous system transport information? 
• Explain the mechanisms behind the carbon cycle. 
• Examine the human impact on biodiversity . 
• What factors regulate population dynamics ? 

🦠 Microbiology Research Topics for Students

The world of microbiology consists of tiny organisms. Researchers study microbes and other simple life forms such as bacteria and fungi. This way, they aim to solve environmental as well as medical issues.

• How do microbes develop resistance? 
• Give an overview of our immune system’s defense mechanisms. 
• Contrast the types of microbiomes . 
• What are the industrial applications for microbiology ? 
• How do you degrade soil pollutants using microbes? 
• Investigate examples of agents that kill bacteria. 
• What makes yeast versatile? 
• The differences between virions and viroids. 
• What are acellular agents? 
• Give an overview of the biochemical properties of fungi . 
• What are possible causes for asthma ? 
• The relationship between stress and our immune system’s performance. 
• How do vaccines work? 
• Examine the structure of archaeal genes. 
• Why is microbial diversity important? 

• How do microbes contribute to an ecosystem? 
• The role of microbes in food contamination. 
• How do bacteria turn milk into yogurt? 
• Applications of microbial biotechnology. 
• Describe the four groups of protozoa. 

💀 Anatomy & Human Biology Topics

Human biology studies people as single organisms and in the context of populations. Two of its essential parts are anatomy and anthropology. The latter studies the evolution of humankind. The former is more concerned with body structure. Combine all three subjects to gain a 360° view of humanity!

• Describe the functions of the respiratory system.  
• What happens to your body if you’re anemic ? 
• Outline the history of the human population. 
• How does medical anthropology help us understand health? 
• Reading bones: what types of information can osteologists gather? 
• Biomechanics: what makes humans move? 
• Compare the proposed effects of various current trends in nutrition . 
• Explore the psychological factors that influence one’s health. 
• How does your brain control your behavior? 
• Synapses: structure and mechanisms. 
• Explain how kidneys filter blood. 
• What regulates muscle contraction ? 
• Discuss the new reproductive technologies from an anthropological perspective. 
• Describe the structure of a skeletal muscle fiber. 
• The cerebral cortex: what does it do? 
• Brain, hormones, and emotions. 
• Functions of the sodium-potassium pump. 
• Examine what blood consists of. 
• What happens when your heart skips a beat? 
• Is the growth in the human population out of control? 

🔬 Cell & Molecular Biology Research Topics

Your body’s fundamental structure is made up of cells. Their properties are in the center of interest for cell biologists. They investigate a cell’s life cycle and its vital functions. On a molecular level, this includes the role of chemical processes in cell activity.

• How does cancer affect the body’s cell growth? 
• The protein paradox: what is the right amount of protein? 
• How do cells heal bones? 
• The ethics of stem cell research . 
• Investigate the communication methods between cells. 
• Explore the link between the environment and our DNA. 
• Current trends in molecular biochemistry. 
• Telomerase: will it ever be possible to reverse aging processes? 
• What do we know about axon guidance? 
• Where does our brain keep the memories? 
• Why do cells become sticky? 
• High-resolution microscopy: ways to advance molecular research. 
• How do cilia move cells? 

• Treating glaucoma : is surgery always necessary? 
• The role of microtubules in the nervous system. 
• Diffusion : means of transport within cells. 
• What does the central dogma of molecular biology state? 
• Trace the steps of DNA translation. 
• Why do cells need to eat their dead counterparts? 
• How does protein biosynthesis work? 

♻️ Environmental Biology Topics to Research

Environmental biologists ensure our harmonic coexistence with nature. They are also in charge of monitoring wastewater disposal and pollution levels. This branch is closely related to ecology.

• Discuss the importance of light in different bodies of water. 
• Aftermath of building the Hetch Hetchy valley dam. 
• The devastating impact of deforestation in the Amazon. 
• Analyze the consequences of desertification. 
• How do genetically modified insects influence the environment? 
• What would happen if all the bees die? 
• Compare several methods of wastewater disposal. 
• What were the ecological effects of Indonesia’s Mega Rice Project? 
• The Great Pacific Garbage Patch: will we ever get rid of it? 
• How do worms indicate the state of an ecosystem? 
• Why is it important to conserve biodiversity? 
• DDT: how did it affect wildlife in the US? 
• What causes toxic algae bloom? 
• Compare the adverse health effects of common contaminants in the air. 
• The Aral Sea: how did it disappear? 
• How do genetically engineered crops impact the environment? 
• Indoor air pollution: causes and risks. 
• The pros and cons of using natural gas . 
• Trace the ecological footprint of cotton production. 
• What are the ways to ensure food security without harming the environment? 

🐬 Marine Biology Topics for a Paper

Fun fact: the vast majority of our oceans are still unobserved. Research in marine biology encompasses all organisms living close to or under water. Do you want to participate in uncovering the mysteries of the deep sea? This section is for you!

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• How does luminescence in marine vertebrae work? 
• Dolphins: how do they communicate? 
• The impact of military sonar on whales. 
• What makes the Galapagos Islands so unique? 
• Compare different camouflage techniques of marine animals. 
• How do aquatic organisms live together in coral reefs ? 
• Causes of high mercury concentrations in fish. 
• Investigate the impact of overfishing in China. 
• Explain how rising sea temperatures affect marine life. 
• Contrast the survival strategies of various penguin species. 
• The ethics of seafood farms. 
• Examine bacteria’s contribution to biological processes in the sea. 
• What are the types of invasive species? 
• The contribution of birds to a stable marine ecosystem. 
• Identify the biggest threats to marine biodiversity. 
• Inspect the predatory behavior of starfish. 
• How do corals form? 
• The importance of phyto- and zooplankton to ponds. 
• Whales: how did they evolve? 
• What are the four types of oceanography ? 

🌻 Plant Biology Research Topics

Plant biology, you guessed it, investigates plants. These green organisms are incredibly versatile. From redwood trees to algae, plants come in all sizes and shapes. Scientists use botanical knowledge to improve our food and medicine supplies. They also help to conserve forests, parks, and wilderness areas.

• What causes diseases in plants? 
• What are the benefits of studying algae ? 
• Recently, scientists engineered a plant to glow by itself. How does it work? 
• What makes some plants toxic? 

• Compare various defense mechanisms of flowers. 
• Deciduous trees: what are the advantages of leaf loss? 
• How do Butterworts acquire nutrition? 
• Carnivorous plants: methods of luring prey. 
• Types of negative feedback in plants. 
• Give examples of thigmotropism. How does it work? 
• What problems are associated with the definition of kingdoms? 
• Investigate the anatomical structure of plant roots. 
• Phytohormones: how do they influence plant growth? 
• Plants and music: does sound have any measurable effects on plant development? 
• How do plants produce starch? 
• Why do weeds grow excessively? 
• Investigate plant disease management and intervention. 
• Industrial applications of synthesized plant mechanisms. 
• Cacti: how do they survive in the desert? 
• Examine the biological properties of medicinal herbs. 

🧬 Hot Topics in Evolutionary Biology to Write About

Evolutionary biologists observe change in all living organisms. If you want to know why life on Earth is so versatile, evolutionary biology has the answer. Research areas cover ecology and genetics, as well as paleontology.

• How does stabilizing selection ensure the same phenotype for a species during evolution? 
• Discuss Tinbergen’s four questions. 
• What are the benefits of sexual reproduction ? 
• Cancer: why does it persist? 
• Society and evolution: are they connected? 
• Southeast Asia and the limited occurrence of the alcohol dehydrogenase gene. 
• Is there a scientific reason to divide humans into races? 
• Track the evolution of aging throughout human history. 
• How does speciation work? 
• Genetic drift and its effects on variation. 
• Describe problems concerning the Modern Synthesis. 
• Selective sweeps: how likely are they to cause disease? 
• What does the Red Queen hypothesis state? 
• How do you determine age in herbaceous plants? 
• Life history theory: how does a species’ life history influence its evolution? 
• What are the ways for a species to achieve its maximum fitness? 
• How did the bees learn to communicate information by dancing? 
• Investigate the evolution of stamina in animal locomotion. 
• How does an animal’s physiology adapt to its geographic range? 
• Compare the evolutionary process of endotherms and ectotherms. 

👶🧑 Developmental Biology Research Topics

When animals and plants grow, their features change. It’s no surprise: every living being starts as a single cell. It’s a long way from there to a fully formed organism! Developmental biologists track this process at different levels.

• Why are men more likely to be colorblind than women? 
• What is phylogenetic niche conservatism? 
• Identify origins of congenital disorders. 
• What causes birds to become territorial? 
• Explain the two types of developmental mechanisms. 
• Why does getting older make humans more susceptible to cancer? 
• Homeotic genes: how do they influence the development of body structures? 
• Describe the advantages of apoptosis . 
• What causes polycephaly? 
• How do stem cells differentiate? 
• Investigate regeneration in hydra. 
• Mechanisms of metamorphosis in frogs. 
• What happened during the Cambrian explosion? 
• How do plants produce new structures? 
• Examine the process of neurulation in fish. 
• What are the types of deformations found in plants? 
• Describe the ABC model of flower development. 
• Why are zebrafish good model systems for developmental studies? 
• Search for the origins of the vertebrate body plan. 
• What does the concept of morphogen gradient say about the fate of cells? 

😷 Epidemiology & Population Topics in Biology

Investigating health-related events is a part of epidemiologic research. The goal is to find out what causes diseases in a specific population. Epidemiology analyzes other health issues such as natural disasters and injuries. Population biology focuses on the interaction between populations and their environment.

• How does evolutionary game theory describe the development of a population? 
• When is a strategy evolutionarily stable? 
• How does phenotypic variety in plants help manage disease? 
• What diseases are caused by heavy metal pollution? 

• How did the Coronavirus pandemic contribute to a rise in cases of domestic violence ? 
• Reasons for an increased rate of congenital disabilities in a specific area. 
• Asian carp: a harmful disruption of the marine population in American rivers. 
• Compare the three kinds of population distribution. 
• Examine the consequences of the 1783 Laki eruption. 
• Examine various policies to moderate population growth . 
• How do predator-prey dynamics work? 
• Avoidance mechanisms of resource competition. 
• Describe the three types of symbiotic relationships . 
• How does a species regulate its abundance? 
• What happens if the equilibrium state of a community is disturbed? 
• Factors that encourage human population growth. 
• Contrast the survivorship curves of humans, birds, and trees. 
• Obesity : causes and solutions. 
• Depression : how does it affect society? 
• The role of causal inference in epidemiological studies . 

📜 History of Biology Topics to Write About

Even before the emergence of scientific studies, humans had basic biological understanding. They were able to spot edible plants and domesticate animals. Assyrians and Babylonians were the first to implement biological knowledge. If you’re looking for a theoretical research project, this is the right research area for you.

Get an originally-written paper according to your instructions!

• Explore the medical knowledge available in ancient China. 
• The history of agriculture in India. 
• How did the Greek philosophers theorize about the origin of life? 
• Investigate the theory of the four humors. 
• Aristotle’s classification of animals. 
• Give an overview of discoveries in Galen’s medical writings. 
• What caused the stagnation in scientific progress during the Middle Ages? 
• Al-Jahiz’ discovery of the relationships between organisms . 
• Albertus Magnus: what was his contribution to botany? 
• How did Italy become the center for biological studies? 
• What factors impacted the development of biology during the Renaissance? 
• Trace the origins of modern anatomy. 
• What led to the establishment of the cell theory? 
• Jump starting biological progress: the invention of the microscope. 
• Louis Pasteur and the dismissal of spontaneous generation. 
• How did the discovery of heredity influence modern biology? 
• What led to the discovery of blood circulation? 
• How did the Royal Society of London impact scientific development in Europe? 
• What technology helped advance biological research in the 20th century? 
• The rise of bioinformatics: boosting progress in genetic data analysis. 

We hope our article gave you some useful ideas for your biology paper. Good luck with your assignment!

You might also be interested in:

• A List of 212 Brilliant Research Proposal Topics to Investigate
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• What is Biology?: NTNU
• High School Biology: Khan Academy
• Microbiology: University of Pittsburgh
• Human Biology: University at Albany
• Explore Topics Related to Cells: NIH
• What Is Marine Biology?: MarineBio Conservation Society
• Developmental Biology: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
• Introduction to Epidemiology: Centers for Disease Control & Prevention
• The History of Biology: Encyclopedia Britannica
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The role of human biology in addressing the COVID ‐19 pandemic

William r. leonard.

1 Department of Anthropology & Program in Global Health Studies, Northwestern University, Evanston Illinois, USA

The COVID‐19 pandemic is transforming the lives of human populations around the world and stimulating a global research effort aimed at understanding and addressing this disease. Over the last few weeks, I have heard from many of our colleagues who are initiating research or commenting on the COVID‐19 pandemic. As human biologists, we are well positioned to address this biocultural health crisis , one that is laying bare and exacerbating long‐standing social and health inequalities, and differentially impacting the World's most vulnerable populations (Rubino et al., 2020 ; van Dorn, Coonie, & Sabin, 2020 ; Wang & Tang, 2020 ; Yancy, 2020 ). I want the American Journal of Human Biology ( AJHB ) to play a central role in publishing and promoting the contributions that our discipline is making to confronting this global health problem.

To that end, I have invited a group of prominent human biologists to offer “Commentaries” on different aspects of the pandemic including testing and diagnostics, modeling the spread of the virus, disparities in its impact, the fear and stigma associated with the disease, and how we can best disseminate our work to a broader audience. These papers will be published as a Special Section of the AJHB , currently scheduled for issue 5 of volume 32. Additionally, these contributions will become part of Wiley's freely accessible COVID‐19 Resource Center. In association with the publication of this special section, our Social Media Editors, Cara Ocobock and Chris Lynn, are planning a Sausage of Science podcast with the contributing authors. Together, I believe that these papers and the podcast can serve as an important resource, highlighting the distinctive methods and perspectives that human biologists draw upon to better understand this pandemic.

Moving forward, the AJHB will provide rapid review and publication of original research, reviews, and commentary on COVID‐19. I hope that the AJHB will bring the human biology community together in sharing our research and discussing future directions for collaboration and engagement. I look forward to working with all of you as we confront the challenges ahead, and I welcome your input and suggestions on how we can best support you.

• Rubino, S. , Kelvin, N. , Bermejo‐Martin, J. F. , & Kelvin, D. (2020). As COVID‐19 cases, deaths and fatality rates surge in Italy, underlying causes require investigation . Journal of Infection in Developing Countries , 14 , 265–267. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Van Dorn, A. , Cooney, R. E. , & Sabin, M. L. (2020). COVID‐19 exacerbating inequalities in the US . Lancet , 395 , 243–1244. [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Wang, Z. , & Tang, K. (2020). Combating COVID‐19: Health equity matters . Nature Medicine , 26 , 458. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Yancy, C. W. (2020). COVID‐19 and African Americans . JAMA . 10.1001/jama.2020.6548 [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]

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Human Biology

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The Human Biology

Updated 10 March 2023

Subject Biology ,  Learning

Downloads 41

Category Education ,  Literature ,  Science

Topic Cell ,  Study ,  Understanding

Human biology is the study and comprehension of how human cells function, including their physiology, biochemistry, and interactions with the environment. In order to comprehend the human cell, human biology merges fields including anthropology, ecology, genetics, psychology, neurology, and psychology. It also aims to understand how Homo sapiens' biological variety resulted from evolutionary processes. The study of human biology is pertinent to various fields of study, such as nursing and medicine. To carry out their responsibilities successfully, healthcare professionals need to be familiar with how the human body functions. One of the crucial facets of human biology will be covered in this essay, which will be human anatomy and physiology. Human anatomy refers to the study of human body organs, their structure and function by directly researching a living human body. It also includes the study of the human bones and muscles and their roles. Human physiology, on the other hand, examines the mechanisms by which the human body functions starting from the molecular level. In other terms, Human anatomy and physiology focus on the functional and structural side of the human organs. It applies experimental analysis and other advanced techniques to alleviate health issues confronting the human race. The understanding of the organ structure and functions is critical the practice of medicine. There are two levels of anatomy which include macroscopic and microscopic anatomy (BC Open Text Book). Macro human anatomy examines the human body organs and structures that can be viewed with the naked eye or the natural vision. Macro human anatomy uses non-invasive methods or dissection to observe the human organs. It seeks to collect information and help specialists to gain insight into the function of the human organs. In macro anatomy, researchers cut open the human body and examine the structure and location of specific organs like the heart, lungs, and the liver among others. Another method used in macro anatomy is endoscopy. This involves the insertion of a tube fitted with a camera through either the mouth or the rectum. Scientists use this method to study the gastrointestinal tract. There are other advanced techniques like Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), x-ray and computed tomography (CT), which scientists use to gain valuable insights into the human organs and their functions. Students in areas of specialization like medicine dissect human corpses as part of their practical sessions. In macro human anatomy, scientists and students examine 11 eleven major body systems, including skeletal, respiratory, digestive, nervous, cardiovascular endocrine among other important human body systems. The systems have specific functions in the human body and coordinate with each in carrying out the roles (The Guardian, 2011). The second level of human anatomy is called histology also known as micro-anatomy. This branch of human anatomy studies the cells and other tiny tissues that cannot be examined by natural vision. Micro-anatomy studies the structure of the cells under the microscope. It also studies how the cells function and how they coordinate with one another (BC Open Text Book). For instance, micro-anatomy examines how cells in cancer patients behave and how they inhibit other functions in the human body. Histology involves methods such as staining and sectioning. Sectioning entails crushing cells into tiny pieces for easier observation under a microscope. Staining involves adding color to the small tissues for ease of distinction and visibility. Histology is applied in forensic investigation, diagnosis, and autopsies. For forensic investigation and autopsy, histology can be used to determine the cause of death. Tissues of the dead body are extracted and analyzed to better understand how a person died. Other important areas of application include archaeology and medical teaching. Specialists in histology are referred to us labor technologists, biomedical scientists or medical laboratory technicians. These specialists analyze biological tissues from patients, crime suspects, and dead bodies. They examine tissues and cell and draw inferences from what they see. Most health care specialists need training in human anatomy. Surgeons, medical doctors, physical therapist, and paramedics all need a thorough knowledge of human anatomy. Human anatomy is closely related human physiology. While human anatomy focuses on body organs, structure and function, human physiology seek to uncover mechanisms behind the function of human organs. It studies the integration of different factors in the body that allow the organs and organ systems to function. Study of human physiology narrows down on the cells that make up individual body organs. Knowing the physiology of the human body is critical in fields like sports and fitness, medicine and physical therapy. It studies, physical, mechanical and chemical functions that are critical to the normal functioning of the body. While human anatomy focuses on the form of the organs, physiology dives deeper to understand the functions and the mechanisms behind these functions (The Guardian, 2011). Human is a critical segment of biology. Its study has led to critical breakthroughs in diagnosis, treatment, and understanding of mysterious deaths. This area of study forms a basis for clinical practice. Apart from human anatomy and physiology, there are other areas of human biology like cell and molecular biology and stem cell science which are very important in understanding the human body. References BC Open Text Book. (n.d). Overview of Anatomy and Physiology. Retrieved Oct. 25, 2017, from https://opentextbc.ca/anatomyandphysiology/chapter/1-1-overview-of-anatomy- and-physiology-2/ The Guardian. (2011). Anatomy and physiology. Retrieved Oct. 25, 2017, from https://www.theguardian.com/education/2008/may/01/universityguide.anatomyandphysio logyeducationsubject

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Science Department

Extended Essay Writers

Biology EE Topics | 40 Ideas

Luke MacQuoid

There are many potential topics for a biology Extended Essay (EE) in the International Baccalaureate (IB) program.

Topic Ideas

Some possibilities include the following:

• The effects of pollution on a particular species or ecosystem.
• The genetic basis of a specific disease or trait.
• The comparative physiology of a specific mammal and bird.
• The effects of climate change on a particular species or ecosystem.
• The impact of human activity on the evolution of a species.
• The physiology of a specific plant species.
• The efficacy of a specific medicinal plant.
• The comparison of the anatomy and physiology of a specific animal species in captivity and in the wild.
• The impact of a specific invasive species on an ecosystem.
• The effect of different fertilizers on the growth and development of a specific plant species.
• The study of the symbiotic relationship between specific species.
• The effect of different light conditions on the growth and development of a specific plant species.
• The impact of different temperature conditions on the physiology of a specific microorganism.
• The study of the genetic diversity within a specific species.
• The study of the effects of different pH levels on the growth and development of a specific plant species.
• The impact of human activity on the population dynamics of a specific species.
• The study of the effects of different soil types on the growth and development of a specific plant species.
• The study of the impacts of different pesticides on the physiology of a specific species.
• The study of the effects of different water conditions on the growth and development of a specific plant species.
• The study of the impact of ocean acidification on the physiology of a specific marine species.
• Studying the Effects of Acid Rain on Local Flora.
• The Role of Gut Microbiota in Obesity.
• Influence of Insecticides on Honey Bee Population Decline.
• The Effects of Microplastics on Aquatic Food Chains.
• The Role of Genetics in Determining Human Lifespan.
• Influence of Habitat Loss on the Genetic Diversity of a Specific Species.
• The Effects of Light Pollution on Nocturnal Animals.
• A Comparative Study of Photosynthesis Rates in Different Plant Species.
• The Impact of Noise Pollution on Avian Communication.
• Analysis of Biological Controls for Invasive Species.
• The Effects of Diet on the Gut Microbiota.
• Understanding the Effect of Climate Change on Disease Vectors.
• Exploring the Role of Genetics in Athletic Performance.
• Effects of Pharmaceuticals on Aquatic Ecosystems.
• The Impact of Urbanization on Local Bird Species.
• Understanding the Relationship Between Sleep and Immune Function.
• Studying the Effects of Air Pollution on Lichen Species.
• The Role of Epigenetics in Aging.
• The Effect of Vegan and Vegetarian Diets on the Human Body.
• Investigating the Biological Mechanisms of Meditation and Mindfulness.

It’s important to note that these are just examples of topics for your IB EE in Biology . You should choose a topic that interests you and that you can find enough information on.

Need help with your Biology extended essay?

From research and analysis to structuring and editing, our skilled mentors will be by your side, helping you craft an exceptional extended essay that not only meets the stringent IB criteria but also reflects your passion for Biology studies.

Additionally, it’s essential to consult with your supervisor to make sure the topic meets the requirements of the Extended Essay and that you have access to the necessary resources to complete the research.

Students can use these themes in their essays by researching and analyzing the specific topic, providing evidence and examples to support their claims, and discussing the implications and potential solutions to the issue at hand.

For example, in an essay on the effects of pollution on a particular species or ecosystem, a student could research the specific pollutants that are affecting the species or ecosystem, analyze the effects those pollutants are having, and discuss potential solutions to mitigate the pollution and its effects.

These are experiments students can use for Biology EE topics:

• Looking at how pollution impacts a certain type of animal or plant: This would involve checking out pollution levels in a specific place, then watching to see how it affects your chosen species.
• Understanding how certain genes affect a disease or characteristic: This would mean doing genetic tests to identify the genes involved, and potentially using genetic engineering techniques to change those genes and see what happens.
• Comparing how a mammal and a bird work: You’d do experiments to see how your chosen mammal and bird are similar or different. You could look at things like brain structure, behaviour, and thinking abilities.
• Exploring how climate change impacts a certain animal, plant, or ecosystem: This could involve experiments to see how changes in temperature, rain patterns, or CO2 levels affect your chosen species or ecosystem.
• Studying how people’s actions affect how a species evolves: This might mean looking at how things like habitat destruction, hunting, or pollution impact a species’ genetic diversity and population.
• Looking at how a certain plant works: You’d do experiments to see how the plant responds to things like light, temperature, or water.
• Studying how well a medicinal plant works: You’d do experiments to see how good the plant is at killing or slowing the growth of microbes, or reducing pain or inflammation.
• Comparing a certain animal in captivity and in the wild: You’d look at how being in captivity affects the animal’s body and how it works, and how it behaves.
• Seeing how an invasive species affects an ecosystem: You’d study how your chosen invasive species impacts the growth, reproduction, and health of native species.
• Studying how different fertilizers affect a plant: This could involve testing different types of fertilizers to see how they affect the plant’s growth rate, leaf size, and health.
• Looking at how certain species interact: You’d do experiments to understand the relationship between the species. This could involve seeing what happens when you remove one species, or how different environments affect the relationship.
• Studying how light affects a plant: This might mean doing experiments to see how different light conditions affect the plant’s growth, leaf size, and health.
• Looking at how temperature affects a microorganism: You’d do experiments to see how different temperatures impact the microorganism’s growth rate, metabolism, and health.
• Studying genetic diversity in a species: This could involve using genetic markers to identify genetic variations in the species, and then seeing how these variations affect the organism.
• Looking at how pH levels affect a plant: You’d do experiments to see how different pH levels impact the plant’s growth, leaf size, and health.
• Studying how people’s actions affect a species’ population: This might mean looking at how things like habitat destruction, hunting, or pollution impact the species’ population size, growth rate, and health.
• Looking at how soil types affect a plant: This could involve doing experiments to see how different types of soil affect the plant’s growth, leaf size, and health.
• Studying how pesticides affect a species: This might mean doing experiments to see how different pesticides impact the species’ growth, reproduction, and health.
• Looking at how water conditions affect a plant: You’d do experiments to see how different water conditions (like availability, salt levels, or temperature) affect the plant’s growth, leaf size, and health.
• Studying how ocean acidification affects a marine species: This could involve doing experiments to see how increasing acidity levels impact the species’ growth, reproduction, and health.

Additionally, in an essay on the comparative psychiatry of a specific mammal and bird, a student could research and compare the brain structures, behaviors, and cognitive abilities of the two species and discuss any similarities and differences found.

A student can ask for help from a writing service if they need assistance with their essay. This can bring several benefits to the student, such as:

• Professional guidance . Writing services often have experienced writers and editors who can provide guidance on the essay topic and structure, as well as help with research and editing.
• Improved quality . A writing service can help improve the overall quality of the essay, including grammar, punctuation, and formatting.
• Better grades . With the help of a writing service, a student’s essay is likely to be of higher quality, which can lead to better grades.
• Time-saving . A writing service can help save time as the student can focus on other responsibilities while the writing service works on the essay.
• Customization . Writing services can also provide a customized service that can be tailored to the student’s specific needs and requirements.
• Originality . Professional writers will provide original work that is free from plagiarism, which is important in academic writing.

It is important to note, however, that a student should always ensure that the writing service they use is reputable and that they review and understand the work they receive before submitting it as their own.

Luke MacQuoid has extensive experience teaching English as a foreign language in Japan, having worked with students of all ages for over 12 years. Currently, he is teaching at the tertiary level. Luke holds a BA from the University of Sussex and an MA in TESOL from Lancaster University, both located in England. As well to his work as an IB Examiner and Master Tutor, Luke also enjoys sharing his experiences and insights with others through writing articles for various websites, including extendedessaywriters.com blog

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