mahatma gandhi swachh bharat abhiyan essay

Swachh Bharat Abhiyan Essay

500+ words swachh bharat abhiyan essay.

Swachh Bharat Abhiyan is one of the most significant and popular missions to have taken place in India. Swachh Bharat Abhiyan translates to Clean India Mission. This drive was formulated to cover all the cities and towns of India to make them clean . This campaign was administered by the Indian government and was introduced by the Prime Minister, Narendra Modi. It was launched on 2nd October in order to honor Mahatma Gandhi’s vision of a Clean India. The cleanliness campaign of Swachh Bharat Abhiyan was run on a national level and encompassed all the towns, rural and urban. It served as a great initiative in making people aware of the importance of cleanliness.

Source- ZeeBiz

Objectives of Swachh Bharat Mission

Swachh Bharat Abhiyan set a lot of objectives to achieve so that India could become cleaner and better. In addition, it not only appealed the sweepers and workers but all the citizens of the country. This helped in making the message reach wider. It aims to build sanitary facilities for all households. One of the most common problems in rural areas is that of open defecation. Swachh Bharat Abhiyan aims to eliminate that.

Moreover, the Indian government intends to offer all the citizens with hand pumps, proper drainage system , bathing facility and more. This will promote cleanliness amongst citizens.

Similarly, they also wanted to make people aware of health and education through awareness programs. After that, a major objective was to teach citizens to dispose of waste mindfully.

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Why India Needs Swachh Bharat Abhiyan?

India is in dire need of a cleanliness drive like Swachh Bharat Abhiyan to eradicate dirtiness. It is important for the overall development of citizens in terms of health and well-being. As the majority of the population of India lives in rural areas, it is a big problem.

Generally, in these areas, people do not have proper toilet facilities. They go out in the fields or roads to excrete. This practice creates a lot of hygiene problems for citizens. Therefore, this Clean India mission can be of great help in enhancing the living conditions of these people.

In other words, Swachh Bharat Abhiyan will help in proper waste management as well. When we will dispose of waste properly and recycle waste, it will develop the country. As its main focus is one rural area, the quality of life of the rural citizens will be enhanced through it.

Most importantly, it enhances the public health through its objectives. India is one of the dirtiest countries in the world, and this mission can change the scenario. Therefore, India needs a cleanliness drive like Swachh Bharat Abhiyan to achieve this.

In short, Swachh Bharat Abhiyan is a great start to make India cleaner and greener. If all the citizens could come together and participate in this drive, India will soon flourish. Moreover, when the hygienic conditions of India will improve, all of us will benefit equally. India will have more tourists visiting it every year and will create a happy and clean environment for the citizens.

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Swachh Bharat Abhiyan Essay

Latest Update about Swachh Bharat Abhiyan – The Finance Ministry announced in February 2021 that Swachh Bharat Mission (Urban) 2.0 will be launched under the “Health and Wellbeing” vertical. The SBM-U phase-II will have a new component of wastewater treatment, including faecal sludge management in all Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) with less than 1 lakh population.

The Swachh Bharat Abhiyan Essay given below will be helpful for IAS Exam aspirants.

What is Swachh Bharat Abhiyan?

Swachh Bharat Abhiyan is one of the most popular and significant missions in the History of India. This campaign was introduced by the Prime Minister, Narendra Modi, and was launched on 2nd October 2014 to honour Mahatma Gandhi’s vision of a Clean country.

Note: Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi received the award of “Global Goalkeeper” from the Gates Foundation for the initiative of Swachh Bharat Abhiyan on September 25, 2019, in New York.

Initially, this Swachh Bharat Abhiyan campaign was run on a national level in all the towns, rural and urban areas.

This essay on Swachh Bharat Abhiyan gives relevant details on the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan campaign and would be helpful for candidates for various exams like bank exams and government exams .

Do you know about the campaigns under Swachh Bharat Mission?  These are:

• ‘Plastic se Raksha’
• ‘Swachhta Pakhwada’
• ‘Swachhta Shramdaan’
• ‘Swachhta hee Seva’

Swachh Bharat Mission (Urban) 2.0

The government in the Union Budget 2021 allocated Rs 1,41,678 crores for the Swachh Bharat Mission (U) 2.0. The components of SBM-Urban 2.0 are:

• New component – Wastewater treatment, including faecal sludge management in all ULBs with less than 1 lakh population
• Sustainable sanitation (construction of toilets)
• Solid Waste Management
• Information, Education and Communication, and
• Capacity building

Check the current year Union Budget 2024 .

Achievements expected out of SBM-Urban 2.0:

• ODF+ certification to all statutory towns.
• ODF++ certification to all statutory towns with less than 1 lakh population.
• Water+ certification to half of all the statutory towns with less than 1 lakh population.
• Rating of at least 3-star Garbage Free to all statutory towns as per Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA’s) Star Rating Protocol for Garbage Free cities.
• Bio-remediation of all legacy dumpsites.

Swachh Bharat Abhiyan Objective

The major objective of the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan is to spread the awareness of cleanliness and the importance of it.

The concept of Swachh Bharat Abhiyan is to provide basic sanitation facilities like toilets, solid and liquid waste disposal systems, village cleanliness, and safe and adequate drinking water supply to every person.

You may also read about Swachh Survekshan  in the linked article.

Swachh Bharat Abhiyan Action Plan

The action plan for the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan is laid by the Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation. The vision is to triple the facility of sanitation by 2019. The major change to be implemented is in the Making of an Open Defecation Free(ODF) India.

Action Plan Highlights:

• Improve the growth percentage of toilets from 3% to 10% by 2019
• Increase in the construction of toilets from 14000 to 48000 daily
• Launch of a National Level/State Level Media campaign through audio-visual, mobile telephony, and local programmes to communicate the message of awareness.
• Involvement of school children in the activities for spreading awareness on Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene.

Swachh Bharat Mission (Urban) 1.0

• Coming to Swachh Bharat Mission (Urban), it is under the Ministry of Urban Development and is commissioned to give sanitation and household toilet facilities in all 4041 statutory towns with a combined population of 377 million.
• The estimated cost is Rs 62,009 crore over five years with the centre’s share of assistance being Rs 14,623 crore.
• The Mission hopes to cover 1.04 crore households, give 2.5 lakh community toilet seats, 2.6 lakh public toilet seats
• It also proposes to establish solid waste management facilities in every town.

At the core of this mission lie six components:

• Individual household toilets;
• Community toilets;
• Public toilets;
• Municipal Solid Waste Management;
• Information and Education Communication (IEC) and Public Awareness;
• Capacity Building
• The Urban Clean India mission seeks to eradicate open defecation; convert insanitary toilets to flush toilets; eradicate manual scavenging, and facilitate solid waste management.
• The mission emphasizes on ushering in a behavioral change among people, for healthy sanitation practices, by educating them about the damaging effects of open defecation, the environmental dangers spreading from strewn garbage, and so on.
• To achieve these objectives, urban local bodies are being brought in and fortified to design, implement and operate systems to promote a facilitating environment for the participation of the private sector in terms of both capital and operations expenditure.

Aspirant can check previous years’ UPSC question papers at the linked article.

Swachh Bharat Mission (Rural)

• The Rural mission, known as Swachh Bharat Gramin, aims to make Village Panchayats open defecation free by October 2, 2019.
• Removing obstacles and addressing critical issues that affect results is the new thrust of this rural sanitation mission, which aims to provide all rural households with individual latrines; and build cluster and community toilets on public-private partnership mode.
• Considering the filth and unhygienic conditions in village schools, this programme lays special emphasis on toilets in schools with basic sanitation amenities.
• Construction of Anganwadi toilets and management of solid and liquid waste in all Village Panchayats is the object of the Clean India mission.

Ranking of cities

Every year, cities and towns across India are awarded the title of ‘Swachh Cities’ based on their cleanliness and sanitation drive as a part of the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan that was launched in 2014.

• Indore in Madhya Pradesh is India’s cleanest city and Gonda in Uttar Pradesh the filthiest
• Out of 10 cleanest cities, 2 are from Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and Andhra Pradesh each while Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Delhi and Maharashtra each have one
• Out of 10 dirtiest cities, Uttar Pradesh has 5 cities, 2 each from Bihar and Punjab and one of Maharashtra
• 118 out of 500 cities were found to be Open Defecation Free (ODF)
• 297 cities have 100% door to door collection of garbage
• 37 lakh citizens showed interest in Swachh Surveksan
• There are 404 cities where 75% of residential areas were found substantially clean
• Gujarat has a maximum of 12 cities among the top 50 cleanest, followed by Madhya Pradesh with 11 and Andhra Pradesh with eight

According to the survey among top 50 clean cities:

• Gujarat has a maximum of 12 cities followed by
• Madhya Pradesh with 11 and
• 8 in Andhra Pradesh
• Telangana and Tamil Nadu account for 4 cities each followed by
• Maharashtra with 3 cities

Note: The 2021 ranks are yet to be out. It will be released post the complete of Swachh Survekshan 2021 (1st February – 15th February 2021.)

 Swachh Bharat Abhiyan Essay- Conclusion

This essay on Swachh Bharat Abhiyan throws light on some important aspects given below:

• Sanitation needs to be seen as a life cycle issue and hence providing sanitation facilities at work, education and other public spaces are important.
• This requires investing in the right place at the right time and in the most appropriate manner. Time is running out and the Mahatma’s 150th birth anniversary is not far away.
• The SBM should not become yet another government scheme that makes the right noises initially only to die a quiet death once the spotlight moves away.
• SBM is definitely with great goals and objectives, the issues associated with finance, implementation & awareness needs to be tackled in the right manner, every citizen of India should involve themselves and inculcate the behavioural changes to the literates and illiterates towards cleanliness respectively.

SBM – Facts for UPSC

• Under the Swachh Bharat Mission, it has been decided to undertake a special clean-up initiative focused on  100 iconic heritage, spiritual and cultural places  in the country.
• This initiative aims to make these 100 places  model ‘Swachh Tourist Destinations’ , which will enhance the experience for visitors from India and abroad.
• Under Phase 1 of this initiative, the following iconic places were selected for an intensive clean up:
• Vaishno Devi: Jammu and Kashmir
• Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus: Maharashtra
• TajMahal: Uttar Pradesh
• Tirupati Temple: Andhra Pradesh
• Golden Temple: Punjab
• ManikarnikaGhat: Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh
• Ajmer Sharif Dargah: Rajasthan
• Meenakshi Temple: Tamil Nadu
• Kamakhya Temple: Assam
•  Jagannath Puri: Odisha
• The lessons and experiences from Phase 1 are integrated into the clean-up campaign for the remaining 90 sites.

Note: Aspirants need not remember these places but should have some familiarity concerning their locations and significance.

Swachh Bharat Abhiyan – UPSC Notes:- Download PDF Here

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Swachh Bharat Abhiyan Essay - 100, 200, 500 Words in English

One of India's most well-known and vital initiatives is the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan. In honour of Mahatma Gandhi's vision of a clean nation, Narendra Modi, the Prime Minister of India, announced the launch of this campaign on October 2, 2014. Here are a few sample essays on ‘Swachh Bharat Abhiyan’. We have all heard the saying, "Cleanliness is next to godliness". Mahatma Gandhi, was particularly concerned with eradicating all the dirt and pollutants that afflicted our nation and its people. Inspired by Bapu's vision, the Indian government, led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, declared a mission to make India clean by 2019 by eliminating open defecation, improving solid waste management, and raising citizen awareness of the need for cleanliness on October 2, 2014. This initiative was known as the Clean India Movement or Swachh Bharat Abhiyan Mission. Here are a few sample essays on Swachh Bharat Abhiyan in English.

100 Words Essay On Swachh Bharat Abhiyan

Cleaning is regarded as second only to godliness. On October 2, 2014, the Indian government, led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, announced a mission to make India clean by attempting to eradicate open defecation, improving solid waste management, and helping people understand the value of cleanliness. This initiative was inspired by Mahatma Gandhi's vision of eliminating all dirt and impurities that afflicted our nation and its citizens.

The initiative is commonly referred to as Swachh Bharat Mission or Clean India Movement . Cleaning up all Indian cities and towns was the goal of this effort. Across the country, all towns—rural and urban—were included in the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan cleanliness campaign. Educating the general population about the importance of sanitation is a genuinely excellent initiative.

200 Words Swachh Bharat Abhiyan Essay in English

Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi received the Gates Foundation's "Global Goalkeeper" award on September 25, 2019, in New York, in honour of the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan initiative . Prime Minister Narendra Modi's Swachh Bharat Abhiyan is an effort to make India cleaner. It was introduced on October 2, 2014, to commemorate the 145th birthday of the father of the nation, Mahatma Gandhi and his proponents of cleanliness.

The Department of Housing and Urban Affairs and the Department of Drinking and Sanitation are in charge of the national cleanliness programme. The campaign was envisioned for five years to complete the suggested plans by October 2, 2019, the 150th anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi's birth.

The following are the campaigns of Swachh Bharat Abhiyan:

Resistance against plastic. (Plastic Se Raksha)

A Drive for Cleanliness for a Week. (Swachhta Pakhwada)

Commit to cleanliness. (Swachhta Shramdaan)

Service is cleanliness. (Swachhta Hee Seva)

The main objective of the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan is to raise public awareness of the importance of cleanliness. Every resident of India should have accessibility to safe and enough drinking water as well as basic sanitation facilities including bathrooms, liquid and solid waste management systems, and clean villages, according to the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan.

500 Words Essay On Swachh Bharat Abhiyan

The Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM), also known as the Clean India Mission or Swachh Bharat Abhiyan , is a countrywide project the Indian government initiated in 2014 to eradicate open defecation and improve solid waste management. It is an enhanced version of the Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan, an effort launched in 2009 by Manmohan Singh's successor that was unsuccessful in achieving its objectives.

The Swachh Bharat Mission (Urban) 2.0

The Finance Ministry announced in February 2021 that the Swachh Bharat Mission (Urban) 2.0 would be implemented under the "Health and Wellbeing" component. The SBM-U phase II will include new sewage treatment, including poor sewage management, in all Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) with fewer than 1 lakh residents.

The Swachh Bharat Mission's first phase was completed in October 2019. Phase 2 is being completed between 2020–2021 and 2024–2025 to assist in the consolidation of Phase 1's activities. The government allocated Rs 1,41,678 crores to the Swachh Bharat Mission (U) 2.0 in the Union Budget 2021. Here are the components of SBM-Urban 2.0:

Waste Management – Solid

Building capacity, information, education, and communication

All ULBs under 1 lakh occupants now include wastewater treatment, including fecal sludge management.

Environmental sanitation (construction of toilets)

Urban Swachh Bharat Mission 1.0

All 4041 statutory towns with a population of 377 million were required to provide home toilets and sanitary amenities as part of the Swachh Bharat Mission (Urban), which is administered by the Ministry of Urban Development. A five-year budget of Rs 62,009 crore was anticipated, of which Rs 14,623 crore was to come from the centre. The Mission intended to supply 1.04 crore families with 2.5 lakh local and 2.6 lakh public restroom seats. Additionally, it suggested building solid waste management facilities in each community. Six key elements make up this mission:

Separate toilets for each home;

Public restrooms

Management of Municipal Solid Waste,

Community restrooms

Information and Education Communication (IEC) Awareness

Capacity Building

Swachh Bharat Essay - Why There is a Need For Swachh Bharat Abhiyan?

A Swachh Bharat Abhiyan-style campaign to promote cleanliness is desperately needed in India to combat filth and insanitation. Citizens' development depends on the program in terms of their general health and well-being. Typically, there needs to be more restrooms for residents in rural locations. To excrete, residents went outside to the streets or fields. This caused several sanitary issues for people. Therefore, the Clean India Mission can significantly aid in improving these people's quality of life.

Plan For Swachh Bharat Abhiyan

The Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation established the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan action plan. By 2019, it had intended to increase the number of sanitary facilities. Making India ODF (Open Defecation Free) is the primary adjustment that needs to be made.

Highlights of the action plan:

By 2019, increase the growth rate of toilets from 3% to 10%.

Schoolchildren are participating in education campaigns about water, sanitation, and hygiene.

Toilet construction has risen from 14,000 to 48,000 every day.

Launch of a National/State-Level Media Campaign to Spread Awareness Using Audio-Visual, Mobile Telephony, and Local Programs.

Main Objectives of Swachh Bharat Abhiyan

The primary goal with which the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan initiative was started was to eliminate open defecation in India. The motive was also to raise awareness of the issues caused by solid and liquid wastes when waste management is not done properly. The Swachh Bharat Mission sought to clean up the nation's streets, buses, offices, and drainage systems. Making the nation's residents aware of their paramount obligation to maintain cleanliness and stop pollution from spreading throughout the nation is another goal of the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan.

The Swachh Bharat Abhiyan is an initiative by the Indian government that aims to solve open defecation and waste management issues, as well as the general goal of general cleanliness, as these issues hinder the nation's progress.

The primary objectives of this programme are:

The abolition of open defecation.

The conversion of unhygienic restrooms.

Manual waste collection.

Complete waste disposal.

Waste reuse.

Benefits of Swachh Bharat Abhiyan

The success of India's economy is inextricably linked to the Clean India movement. The accomplishment of this mission would, among other things, indirectly attract business investors to India, boost GDP growth, attract tourists from all over the world, bring about a variety of employment opportunities, lower health costs, lower death rates, lower lethal disease rates, and much more. Clean India would attract more tourists and improve the country's economic situation.

The campaign had numerous successful outcomes. Swachh Bharat Run, Swachh Bharat apps, Real-time monitoring system, Swachh Bharat short film, and Swachh Bharat Nepal - Swasth Bharat Nepal Abhiyan are just a few of the initiatives that were started and put into action to actively support the mission's goals.

The Finance Ministry of India launched the Swachh Bharat Cess programme, which requires everyone to pay 0.5% tax on all services in India (i.e., 50 paise for every 100 rupees), in order to sustain and make this campaign successful.

Explore Career Options (By Industry)

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Bio Medical Engineer

The field of biomedical engineering opens up a universe of expert chances. An Individual in the biomedical engineering career path work in the field of engineering as well as medicine, in order to find out solutions to common problems of the two fields. The biomedical engineering job opportunities are to collaborate with doctors and researchers to develop medical systems, equipment, or devices that can solve clinical problems. Here we will be discussing jobs after biomedical engineering, how to get a job in biomedical engineering, biomedical engineering scope, and salary. 

Data Administrator

Database professionals use software to store and organise data such as financial information, and customer shipping records. Individuals who opt for a career as data administrators ensure that data is available for users and secured from unauthorised sales. DB administrators may work in various types of industries. It may involve computer systems design, service firms, insurance companies, banks and hospitals.

Ethical Hacker

A career as ethical hacker involves various challenges and provides lucrative opportunities in the digital era where every giant business and startup owns its cyberspace on the world wide web. Individuals in the ethical hacker career path try to find the vulnerabilities in the cyber system to get its authority. If he or she succeeds in it then he or she gets its illegal authority. Individuals in the ethical hacker career path then steal information or delete the file that could affect the business, functioning, or services of the organization.

Data Analyst

The invention of the database has given fresh breath to the people involved in the data analytics career path. Analysis refers to splitting up a whole into its individual components for individual analysis. Data analysis is a method through which raw data are processed and transformed into information that would be beneficial for user strategic thinking.

Data are collected and examined to respond to questions, evaluate hypotheses or contradict theories. It is a tool for analyzing, transforming, modeling, and arranging data with useful knowledge, to assist in decision-making and methods, encompassing various strategies, and is used in different fields of business, research, and social science.

Geothermal Engineer

Individuals who opt for a career as geothermal engineers are the professionals involved in the processing of geothermal energy. The responsibilities of geothermal engineers may vary depending on the workplace location. Those who work in fields design facilities to process and distribute geothermal energy. They oversee the functioning of machinery used in the field.

Remote Sensing Technician

Individuals who opt for a career as a remote sensing technician possess unique personalities. Remote sensing analysts seem to be rational human beings, they are strong, independent, persistent, sincere, realistic and resourceful. Some of them are analytical as well, which means they are intelligent, introspective and inquisitive. 

Remote sensing scientists use remote sensing technology to support scientists in fields such as community planning, flight planning or the management of natural resources. Analysing data collected from aircraft, satellites or ground-based platforms using statistical analysis software, image analysis software or Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a significant part of their work. Do you want to learn how to become remote sensing technician? There's no need to be concerned; we've devised a simple remote sensing technician career path for you. Scroll through the pages and read.

Geotechnical engineer

The role of geotechnical engineer starts with reviewing the projects needed to define the required material properties. The work responsibilities are followed by a site investigation of rock, soil, fault distribution and bedrock properties on and below an area of interest. The investigation is aimed to improve the ground engineering design and determine their engineering properties that include how they will interact with, on or in a proposed construction. 

The role of geotechnical engineer in mining includes designing and determining the type of foundations, earthworks, and or pavement subgrades required for the intended man-made structures to be made. Geotechnical engineering jobs are involved in earthen and concrete dam construction projects, working under a range of normal and extreme loading conditions. 

Cartographer

How fascinating it is to represent the whole world on just a piece of paper or a sphere. With the help of maps, we are able to represent the real world on a much smaller scale. Individuals who opt for a career as a cartographer are those who make maps. But, cartography is not just limited to maps, it is about a mixture of art , science , and technology. As a cartographer, not only you will create maps but use various geodetic surveys and remote sensing systems to measure, analyse, and create different maps for political, cultural or educational purposes.

Budget Analyst

Budget analysis, in a nutshell, entails thoroughly analyzing the details of a financial budget. The budget analysis aims to better understand and manage revenue. Budget analysts assist in the achievement of financial targets, the preservation of profitability, and the pursuit of long-term growth for a business. Budget analysts generally have a bachelor's degree in accounting, finance, economics, or a closely related field. Knowledge of Financial Management is of prime importance in this career.

Product Manager

A Product Manager is a professional responsible for product planning and marketing. He or she manages the product throughout the Product Life Cycle, gathering and prioritising the product. A product manager job description includes defining the product vision and working closely with team members of other departments to deliver winning products.  

Underwriter

An underwriter is a person who assesses and evaluates the risk of insurance in his or her field like mortgage, loan, health policy, investment, and so on and so forth. The underwriter career path does involve risks as analysing the risks means finding out if there is a way for the insurance underwriter jobs to recover the money from its clients. If the risk turns out to be too much for the company then in the future it is an underwriter who will be held accountable for it. Therefore, one must carry out his or her job with a lot of attention and diligence.

Finance Executive

Operations manager.

Individuals in the operations manager jobs are responsible for ensuring the efficiency of each department to acquire its optimal goal. They plan the use of resources and distribution of materials. The operations manager's job description includes managing budgets, negotiating contracts, and performing administrative tasks.

Bank Probationary Officer (PO)

Investment director.

An investment director is a person who helps corporations and individuals manage their finances. They can help them develop a strategy to achieve their goals, including paying off debts and investing in the future. In addition, he or she can help individuals make informed decisions.

Welding Engineer

Welding Engineer Job Description: A Welding Engineer work involves managing welding projects and supervising welding teams. He or she is responsible for reviewing welding procedures, processes and documentation. A career as Welding Engineer involves conducting failure analyses and causes on welding issues. 

Transportation Planner

A career as Transportation Planner requires technical application of science and technology in engineering, particularly the concepts, equipment and technologies involved in the production of products and services. In fields like land use, infrastructure review, ecological standards and street design, he or she considers issues of health, environment and performance. A Transportation Planner assigns resources for implementing and designing programmes. He or she is responsible for assessing needs, preparing plans and forecasts and compliance with regulations.

An expert in plumbing is aware of building regulations and safety standards and works to make sure these standards are upheld. Testing pipes for leakage using air pressure and other gauges, and also the ability to construct new pipe systems by cutting, fitting, measuring and threading pipes are some of the other more involved aspects of plumbing. Individuals in the plumber career path are self-employed or work for a small business employing less than ten people, though some might find working for larger entities or the government more desirable.

Construction Manager

Individuals who opt for a career as construction managers have a senior-level management role offered in construction firms. Responsibilities in the construction management career path are assigning tasks to workers, inspecting their work, and coordinating with other professionals including architects, subcontractors, and building services engineers.

Urban Planner

Urban Planning careers revolve around the idea of developing a plan to use the land optimally, without affecting the environment. Urban planning jobs are offered to those candidates who are skilled in making the right use of land to distribute the growing population, to create various communities. 

Urban planning careers come with the opportunity to make changes to the existing cities and towns. They identify various community needs and make short and long-term plans accordingly.

Highway Engineer

Highway Engineer Job Description:  A Highway Engineer is a civil engineer who specialises in planning and building thousands of miles of roads that support connectivity and allow transportation across the country. He or she ensures that traffic management schemes are effectively planned concerning economic sustainability and successful implementation.

Environmental Engineer

Individuals who opt for a career as an environmental engineer are construction professionals who utilise the skills and knowledge of biology, soil science, chemistry and the concept of engineering to design and develop projects that serve as solutions to various environmental problems. 

Naval Architect

A Naval Architect is a professional who designs, produces and repairs safe and sea-worthy surfaces or underwater structures. A Naval Architect stays involved in creating and designing ships, ferries, submarines and yachts with implementation of various principles such as gravity, ideal hull form, buoyancy and stability. 

Orthotist and Prosthetist

Orthotists and Prosthetists are professionals who provide aid to patients with disabilities. They fix them to artificial limbs (prosthetics) and help them to regain stability. There are times when people lose their limbs in an accident. In some other occasions, they are born without a limb or orthopaedic impairment. Orthotists and prosthetists play a crucial role in their lives with fixing them to assistive devices and provide mobility.

Veterinary Doctor

Pathologist.

A career in pathology in India is filled with several responsibilities as it is a medical branch and affects human lives. The demand for pathologists has been increasing over the past few years as people are getting more aware of different diseases. Not only that, but an increase in population and lifestyle changes have also contributed to the increase in a pathologist’s demand. The pathology careers provide an extremely huge number of opportunities and if you want to be a part of the medical field you can consider being a pathologist. If you want to know more about a career in pathology in India then continue reading this article.

Speech Therapist

Gynaecologist.

Gynaecology can be defined as the study of the female body. The job outlook for gynaecology is excellent since there is evergreen demand for one because of their responsibility of dealing with not only women’s health but also fertility and pregnancy issues. Although most women prefer to have a women obstetrician gynaecologist as their doctor, men also explore a career as a gynaecologist and there are ample amounts of male doctors in the field who are gynaecologists and aid women during delivery and childbirth. 

An oncologist is a specialised doctor responsible for providing medical care to patients diagnosed with cancer. He or she uses several therapies to control the cancer and its effect on the human body such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy and biopsy. An oncologist designs a treatment plan based on a pathology report after diagnosing the type of cancer and where it is spreading inside the body.

Audiologist

The audiologist career involves audiology professionals who are responsible to treat hearing loss and proactively preventing the relevant damage. Individuals who opt for a career as an audiologist use various testing strategies with the aim to determine if someone has a normal sensitivity to sounds or not. After the identification of hearing loss, a hearing doctor is required to determine which sections of the hearing are affected, to what extent they are affected, and where the wound causing the hearing loss is found. As soon as the hearing loss is identified, the patients are provided with recommendations for interventions and rehabilitation such as hearing aids, cochlear implants, and appropriate medical referrals. While audiology is a branch of science that studies and researches hearing, balance, and related disorders.

Hospital Administrator

The hospital Administrator is in charge of organising and supervising the daily operations of medical services and facilities. This organising includes managing of organisation’s staff and its members in service, budgets, service reports, departmental reporting and taking reminders of patient care and services.

For an individual who opts for a career as an actor, the primary responsibility is to completely speak to the character he or she is playing and to persuade the crowd that the character is genuine by connecting with them and bringing them into the story. This applies to significant roles and littler parts, as all roles join to make an effective creation. Here in this article, we will discuss how to become an actor in India, actor exams, actor salary in India, and actor jobs. 

Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats create and direct original routines for themselves, in addition to developing interpretations of existing routines. The work of circus acrobats can be seen in a variety of performance settings, including circus, reality shows, sports events like the Olympics, movies and commercials. Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats must be prepared to face rejections and intermittent periods of work. The creativity of acrobats may extend to other aspects of the performance. For example, acrobats in the circus may work with gym trainers, celebrities or collaborate with other professionals to enhance such performance elements as costume and or maybe at the teaching end of the career.

Video Game Designer

Career as a video game designer is filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. A video game designer is someone who is involved in the process of creating a game from day one. He or she is responsible for fulfilling duties like designing the character of the game, the several levels involved, plot, art and similar other elements. Individuals who opt for a career as a video game designer may also write the codes for the game using different programming languages.

Depending on the video game designer job description and experience they may also have to lead a team and do the early testing of the game in order to suggest changes and find loopholes.

Radio Jockey

Radio Jockey is an exciting, promising career and a great challenge for music lovers. If you are really interested in a career as radio jockey, then it is very important for an RJ to have an automatic, fun, and friendly personality. If you want to get a job done in this field, a strong command of the language and a good voice are always good things. Apart from this, in order to be a good radio jockey, you will also listen to good radio jockeys so that you can understand their style and later make your own by practicing.

A career as radio jockey has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. If you want to know more about a career as radio jockey, and how to become a radio jockey then continue reading the article.

Choreographer

The word “choreography" actually comes from Greek words that mean “dance writing." Individuals who opt for a career as a choreographer create and direct original dances, in addition to developing interpretations of existing dances. A Choreographer dances and utilises his or her creativity in other aspects of dance performance. For example, he or she may work with the music director to select music or collaborate with other famous choreographers to enhance such performance elements as lighting, costume and set design.

Videographer

Multimedia specialist.

A multimedia specialist is a media professional who creates, audio, videos, graphic image files, computer animations for multimedia applications. He or she is responsible for planning, producing, and maintaining websites and applications. 

Social Media Manager

A career as social media manager involves implementing the company’s or brand’s marketing plan across all social media channels. Social media managers help in building or improving a brand’s or a company’s website traffic, build brand awareness, create and implement marketing and brand strategy. Social media managers are key to important social communication as well.

Copy Writer

In a career as a copywriter, one has to consult with the client and understand the brief well. A career as a copywriter has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. Several new mediums of advertising are opening therefore making it a lucrative career choice. Students can pursue various copywriter courses such as Journalism , Advertising , Marketing Management . Here, we have discussed how to become a freelance copywriter, copywriter career path, how to become a copywriter in India, and copywriting career outlook. 

Careers in journalism are filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. One cannot afford to miss out on the details. As it is the small details that provide insights into a story. Depending on those insights a journalist goes about writing a news article. A journalism career can be stressful at times but if you are someone who is passionate about it then it is the right choice for you. If you want to know more about the media field and journalist career then continue reading this article.

For publishing books, newspapers, magazines and digital material, editorial and commercial strategies are set by publishers. Individuals in publishing career paths make choices about the markets their businesses will reach and the type of content that their audience will be served. Individuals in book publisher careers collaborate with editorial staff, designers, authors, and freelance contributors who develop and manage the creation of content.

In a career as a vlogger, one generally works for himself or herself. However, once an individual has gained viewership there are several brands and companies that approach them for paid collaboration. It is one of those fields where an individual can earn well while following his or her passion. 

Ever since internet costs got reduced the viewership for these types of content has increased on a large scale. Therefore, a career as a vlogger has a lot to offer. If you want to know more about the Vlogger eligibility, roles and responsibilities then continue reading the article. 

Individuals in the editor career path is an unsung hero of the news industry who polishes the language of the news stories provided by stringers, reporters, copywriters and content writers and also news agencies. Individuals who opt for a career as an editor make it more persuasive, concise and clear for readers. In this article, we will discuss the details of the editor's career path such as how to become an editor in India, editor salary in India and editor skills and qualities.

Linguistic meaning is related to language or Linguistics which is the study of languages. A career as a linguistic meaning, a profession that is based on the scientific study of language, and it's a very broad field with many specialities. Famous linguists work in academia, researching and teaching different areas of language, such as phonetics (sounds), syntax (word order) and semantics (meaning). 

Other researchers focus on specialities like computational linguistics, which seeks to better match human and computer language capacities, or applied linguistics, which is concerned with improving language education. Still, others work as language experts for the government, advertising companies, dictionary publishers and various other private enterprises. Some might work from home as freelance linguists. Philologist, phonologist, and dialectician are some of Linguist synonym. Linguists can study French , German , Italian . 

Public Relation Executive

Travel journalist.

The career of a travel journalist is full of passion, excitement and responsibility. Journalism as a career could be challenging at times, but if you're someone who has been genuinely enthusiastic about all this, then it is the best decision for you. Travel journalism jobs are all about insightful, artfully written, informative narratives designed to cover the travel industry. Travel Journalist is someone who explores, gathers and presents information as a news article.

Quality Controller

A quality controller plays a crucial role in an organisation. He or she is responsible for performing quality checks on manufactured products. He or she identifies the defects in a product and rejects the product. 

A quality controller records detailed information about products with defects and sends it to the supervisor or plant manager to take necessary actions to improve the production process.

Production Manager

Merchandiser.

A QA Lead is in charge of the QA Team. The role of QA Lead comes with the responsibility of assessing services and products in order to determine that he or she meets the quality standards. He or she develops, implements and manages test plans. 

Metallurgical Engineer

A metallurgical engineer is a professional who studies and produces materials that bring power to our world. He or she extracts metals from ores and rocks and transforms them into alloys, high-purity metals and other materials used in developing infrastructure, transportation and healthcare equipment. 

Azure Administrator

An Azure Administrator is a professional responsible for implementing, monitoring, and maintaining Azure Solutions. He or she manages cloud infrastructure service instances and various cloud servers as well as sets up public and private cloud systems. 

AWS Solution Architect

An AWS Solution Architect is someone who specializes in developing and implementing cloud computing systems. He or she has a good understanding of the various aspects of cloud computing and can confidently deploy and manage their systems. He or she troubleshoots the issues and evaluates the risk from the third party. 

Computer Programmer

Careers in computer programming primarily refer to the systematic act of writing code and moreover include wider computer science areas. The word 'programmer' or 'coder' has entered into practice with the growing number of newly self-taught tech enthusiasts. Computer programming careers involve the use of designs created by software developers and engineers and transforming them into commands that can be implemented by computers. These commands result in regular usage of social media sites, word-processing applications and browsers.

ITSM Manager

Information security manager.

Individuals in the information security manager career path involves in overseeing and controlling all aspects of computer security. The IT security manager job description includes planning and carrying out security measures to protect the business data and information from corruption, theft, unauthorised access, and deliberate attack 

Business Intelligence Developer

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Swachh Bharat Abhiyan Essay

Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, a cleanliness drive, was launched aiming to cover 4,041 statutory cities and towns all through the country in order to keep India clean by cleaning the streets, roads, hospitals, ghats, temples, all crowded public places  and other infrastructures. Swachh Bharat Abhiyan is a cleanliness campaign run by the government of India and initiated by the Honourable Prime Minister, Narendra Modi in 2014. It is a most important topic which our kids and students must know about and be aware of this mission in detail.

Long and Short Essay on Swachh Bharat Abhiyan with Headings in English

It is a general and most important topic which students are generally given in their schools to write essay, paragraph or narrate speech on Swachh Bharat or Swachh Bharat Abhiyan. So, in order to help them, we have provided below some simply written essays on Swachh Bharat Abhiyan for your kids/students to get participated in the essay writing competitions or group discussions or speech narration.

You can select any Swachh Bharat Abhiyan essay given below:

Swachh Bharat Abhiyan Essay 1 (100 words)

Swachh Bharat Abhiyan is also called as the Clean India Mission or Clean India Drive or Swachh Bharat Campaign. It is a biggest national level campaign run by the Indian Government to cover all the backward statutory towns to keep them clean.

This campaign involves the construction of latrines, promoting sanitation programmes in the rural areas, cleaning streets, roads, crowded public places and changing the infrastructure of the country to lead the country ahead. This campaign was officially launched by the Prime Minister, Narendra Modi on 145th birth anniversary of the Mahatma Gandhi on 2nd of October in 2014 at Rajghat, New Delhi.

Swachh Bharat Abhiyan Essay 2 (150 words)

‘Swachh Bharat Abhiyan’ or ‘Clean India Mission’ is an initiative led by the Government of India on 2nd of October in 2014 to make our country a clean country. It was 145th birth anniversary of Indian Freedom Fighter Mahatma Gandhi when this campaign was officially launched by the Government of India. It was launched at the Rajghat, New Delhi which is the cremation ground of Mahatma Gandhi.

This campaign was launched to make India a clean country by 2nd of October 2019 that was 150th birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi. And, yes, it has proved itself a successful campaign. Now, the aim is to keep India always clean. It is a politics free campaign inspired by the patriotism and nationalism. And it is a best award to Indian citizens by the government and citizens itself.

It is launched as a responsibility of each and every citizen living in the country to make India a Swachh country. This campaign has motivated people globally towards cleanliness. Teachers, students, political people, and other social groups including common people join this ‘Clean India Campaign’ time to time very actively with commitment. Under this campaign, another cleanliness initiative was started by the UP CM, Yogi Adityanath in March 2017. He has banned chewing paan, gutka and other tobacco products in the government offices all over UP.

Swachh Bharat Abhiyan Essay 3 (200 words)

Introduction

Swachh Bharat Abhiyan is a nationwide cleanliness campaign that was launched by the Indian Prime Minister, Narendra Modi. It was implemented to fulfil the vision and mission of clean India by 2019.

Swachh Bharat Abhiyan – An Inspired by, Dedicated to and Successful Cleanliness Campaign

It was launched especially on the birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi as he always dreamed of Clean India and was very keen to make this country a clean country. He had tried for clean India during his time by motivating people through his campaigns and slogans however it was partially successful because of the limited involvement of Indian citizens.

But after so many years, Swachh Bharat Mission was again started by the Government of India to make the Mahatma Gandhi’s dream of clean India come true till his 150th birth anniversary in 2019. It was started in 2014 on 2nd of October at 145th birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi. It was a big challenge for all the citizens of India. And it was only possible if each and every person living in India understand – this campaign, their own responsibility and take part actively together to make it, a successful mission.

In the starting, the mission was promoted by many famous Indian personalities to spread this mission as an awareness programme throughout the country. And, yes of course, it is a successful campaign by date. And we can say: this campaign is inspired by Mahatma Gandhi’s dream, dedicated to Mahatma Gandhi and proved to be a Successful Cleanliness Campaign.

Swachh Bharat Abhiyan Essay 4 (250 words)

Swachh Bharat Mission or Swachh Bharat Abhiyan is a campaign run by the Government of India as a huge mass movement to initiate the theme of cleanliness all through the country. It was launched in seeking the way to create a ‘Clean India’ target by 2nd of October 2019 that was the 150th birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi.

Importance of this Cleanliness Initiative

The father of the nation, Mahatma Gandhi had always dreamed of cleanliness to make India a clean country and always put his hard efforts towards the cleanliness in India. This is the reason, why Swachh Bharat Abhiyan was launched on 2nd of October 2014 means the birthday of Mahatma Gandhi. To complete the vision of the father of the nation, Indian government had decided to launch this campaign in 2014 and make it successful by 2019. Also, in March 2017, UP CM Yogi Adityanath has also banned chewing of paan and gutka to ensure the cleanliness in UP government offices.

Aim of the Mission

The aim of the mission is to cover all the rural and urban areas in order to present this country as an Ideal Clean Country in front of the world. The mission had targeted aims like eliminating the open defecation, converting insanitary toilets into pour flush toilets, eradicating manual scavenging, complete disposal and reuse of solid and liquid wastes.

Swachh Bharat Abhiyan aims at bringing behavioural changes in people and to motivate health practices, spreading cleanliness awareness among people and strengthening the cleanliness systems in all the areas of country. It helps in creating user friendly environment for all private sectors interested for investing in India for cleanliness maintenance. This mission had targeted an interesting theme of inviting nine new people by each person involved in the campaign and continuing this chain until each and every citizen of India gets involved in this campaign.

Swachh Bharat Abhiyan Essay 5 (300 words)

Swachh Bharat Abhiyan is a nationwide cleanliness campaign run by the Government of India. It was initiated by the Prime Minister, Narendra Modi on 2nd of October 2014 at 145th birth anniversary of the Mahatma Gandhi. It was launched to fulfil the aim of cleanliness all over India.

What is Swachh Bharat Abhiyan

The campaign of Swachh Bharat is a biggest ever cleanliness drive of India. During the launch of this abhiyan around 3 million government employees including students from schools and colleges participated in the campaign.

On the day of launch, Prime Minister has nominated the names of nine famous personalities of India to initiate the campaign in their own areas at their decided dates so that cleanliness can be promoted among common public. He also requested all nine personalities to invite other nine people from their end to individually participate in this event as well as to continue this chain of inviting nine people until the message reach to each and every Indian citizen.

How it is Observed

People across the nation clean their locality and pledge to keep their surroundings clean and green. Prime Minister requested that every Indian should take this campaign as a challenge and try his/her best to make it a successful campaign ever. The chain of nine people is like a branching of the tree. He requested common people to involve in this event and upload the videos or images of cleanliness over the internet via various social media websites like Facebook, Twitter etc. So that others can also get motivated to do the same in their own area. In this way India can be a clean country.

In the continuation of this mission, UP CM Yogi Adityanath has banned chewing paan, gutka and other tobacco products all over UP in March 2017 to ensure cleanliness in the government official buildings.

This mission is leaving no stones unturned in providing as well as improving cleanliness and sanitation facilities in the country. The effect of the mission has already started showing its result in almost all the corners of the country with the active involvement of people from all walks of life. If the same pace continues in future, our country will look clean and green always.

Swachh Bharat Abhiyan Essay 6 (400 words)

The father of the nation, Mahatma Gandhi had once said that, “Sanitation is more important than Independence” during his time before the independence of India. He was well aware of the bad and unclean situation of India. He had emphasized a lot to the people of India about cleanliness and sanitation as well as its implementation in the daily lives. However, it was not so effective and remained unsuccessful because of the incomplete participation of people.

Launch of Swachh Bharat Campaign

The Former President of India, Mr. Pranab Mukherjee has said in June 2014 while addressing the Parliament that, “For ensuring hygiene, waste management and sanitation across the nation a Swachh Bharat Mission will be launched. He said it will be our tribute to Mahatma Gandhi on his 150th birth anniversary that is to be celebrated in 2019”. In order to fulfil the vision of Mahatma Gandhi and make India an ideal country in the world, the Prime Minister of India had initiated a campaign called Swachh Bharat Abhiyan on the birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi (2nd of October 2014). This campaign had targeted the completion of mission till 2019 i.e. 150th birth anniversary of the Mahatma Gandhi.

Importance of Swachh Bharat Campaign

Through this campaign, the Government of India has solved the sanitation problems by enhancing the waste management techniques. Clean India movement is completely associated with the economic strength of the country.

The basic goals behind launching the Swachh Bharat Mission were to make the country full of sanitation facilities as well as eliminate all the unhealthy practices of people in daily routines.

Benefits of Swachh Bharat Campaign

This mission would indirectly draw the attention of business investors in India, enhance the GDP growth, draw tourist’s attention from all over the world, bring variety of sources of employment, reduce health costs, reduce death rate, and reduce lethal disease rate and many more. Clean India would bring more tourists and enhance its economical condition. The Prime Minister of India had requested every Indian to devote their 100 hours per year for the cleanliness in India which was very sufficient to make this country a clean country by 2019. Swachh Bharat cess was also started to get some fund for this campaign. Everyone has to pay extra 0.5% tax (50 paise per 100 rupee) on all the services in India.

To make India shine in the world, we required the most is active participation of each and every individual irrespective of caste, creed or religion. It is also required spreading the awareness of Swachh Bharat Mission then only the dream of Mahatma Gandhi could be achieved in real sense.

Swachh Bharat Abhiyan Essay 7 (500 words)

Swachh Bharat Abhiyan is a Clean India drive and Mission launched as a national campaign by the Indian Government in order to cover 4041 statutory towns aiming to maintain cleanliness of streets, roads and infrastructure of the country.

Who Launched this Initiative?

Indian Prime Minister, Narendra Modi had officially launched this mission on 2 nd October 2014, Mahatma Gandhi’s birth anniversary at Rajghat, New Delhi (cremation ground of Bapu). While launching the event PM himself had cleaned the road. It is the biggest cleanliness drive ever in India where approximately 3 million government employees including students from schools and colleges took part in the cleanliness activities.

On the day of its launch, PM nominated nine people to participate in it in their own areas. PM also requested all those nine nominees to call another nine people to participate in this event. The aim is to continue the chain of nominating nine people by each and every participated candidate of the mission until the message reaches every Indian in every corner of the country to make it a national mission.

Objectives of Swachh Bharat Mission

The mission aimed to connect each and every individual from all walks of life by making the structure of branching of a tree. The major objectives of Swachh Bharat Abhiyan was to construct individual sanitary latrines for household purposes especially for the people living below poverty line, removing the trend of open defecation, changing insanitary toilets into pour flush toilets, removal of manual scavenging, proper disposal of solid and liquid wastes, bring behavioural changes among people, enhance awareness about sanitation, and facilitating the participation of private sectors towards cleanliness facilities.

People Nominated for the Swachh Bharat Campaign

First nine nominated people by the PM were Salman Khan, Anil Ambani, Kamal Hassan, Comedian Kapil Sharma, Priyanka Chopra, Baba Ramdev, Sachin Tendulkar, Shashi Tharoor and team of ‘Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah’ (a most famous TV series). Indian film actor Aamir Khan was invited on the launch of the mission. There were various brand ambassadors who were chosen by the PM to initiate and promote the campaign in various fields.

He also nominated some other dignitaries like Akhilesh Yadav, Swami Rambhadracharya, Mohammad Kaif, Manoj Tiwari, Deviprasad Dwivedi, Manu Sharma, Kailash Kher, Raju Srivastava, Suresh Raina etc on 8th November 2014 and Sourav Ganguly, Kiran Bedi, Padmanabha Acharya, Sonal Mansingh, Ramoji Rao etc on 25 th December 2014.

Effects of Swachh Bharat Mission

There were many positive results of the campaign. Programmes like Swachh Bharat Run, Swachh Bharat apps, Real-time monitoring system, Swachh Bharat short film, Swachh Bharat Nepal – Swasth Bharat Nepal Abhiyan were initiated and implemented to actively support the purpose of the mission.

To ensure cleanliness in the official buildings of UP, chewing of paan, gutka and other tobacco products were completely banned by the UP CM. In order to continue and make this campaign successful, Finance Ministry of India has started a programme named Swachh Bharat cess to raise fund for this campaign.

This Mission should not only be the responsibility of government or ministries, it is the unison responsibility of every citizen of the country. Let us pledge together continuing this mission to keep our surroundings and environment clean and green to make India shine in the world.

Swachh Bharat Abhiyan Essay 8 (1400 words – Long Essay)

Swachh Bharat Abhiyan was started by the Indian government to make Mahatma Gandhi’s dream “Sanitation is more important than Independence” come true. He was well aware of the poor and dirty condition of the country that’s why he made various efforts to complete his dream however could not be successful.

As he dreamt of clean India one day, he said that both cleanliness and sanitation are integral parts of healthy and peaceful living. Unfortunately, India is still lagging behind in cleanliness and sanitation even after 77 years of independence. According to the statistics, it was noted that very less percentage of total population had access to the toilets. It is a programme run by the government to seriously work to fulfil the vision of Father of Nation (Bapu) by calling people from all walks of life to make it a successful campaign globally.

This mission had to be completed by 150th birth anniversary of Bapu (i.e. 2nd October 2019) in next five years (from the launch date). It was urged by the government to the people to spend at least 100 hours in a year towards cleanliness in their surrounding areas or other places of India to make it a successful campaign. There are various implementation policies and mechanisms for the programme including three important phases such as planning phase, implementation phase and sustainability phase.

Swachh Bharat Abhiyan is a national cleanliness campaign established by the Government of India. It was aimed covering 4041 statutory towns in order to clean roads, streets, and infrastructure of the India to create a Clean India by 2019. It is a step ahead to the Mahatma Gandhi’s dream of swachh Bharat for healthy and prosperous life.

This mission was launched on 2nd October 2014 (145th birth anniversary of Bapu) by targeting its completeness in 2019 on 150th birth anniversary of Bapu. The mission was implemented to cover all the rural and urban areas of India under the Ministry of Urban Development and the Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation accordingly.

The first cleanliness drive held on 25th September 2014 was started by Indian PM, Narendra Modi earlier to its launch. This mission had targeted to solve the sanitation problems as well as better waste management all over India by creating sanitation facilities to all.

Need of Swachh Bharat Abhiyan

Swachh Bharat mission is very necessary to run continuously in India until it gets it’s all the goals. It is very essential for the people in India to really get the feeling of physical, mental, social and intellectual well being. It is to advance the living status in India in real means which can be started by bringing all over cleanliness. Below I have mentioned some points proving the urgent need of ‘Swachh Bharat Abhiyan’ in India:

• It is really very essential to eliminate the open defecation in India as well as making toilets facility available to everyone.
• It is needed in India to convert the insanitary toilets into flushing toilets.
• It is necessary in order to eradicate the manual scavenging system.
• It is to implement the proper waste management through the scientific processes, hygienic disposal, reuse, and recycling of the municipal solid wastes.
• It is to bring behavioural changes among Indian people regarding maintenance of personal hygiene and practice of healthy sanitation methods.
• It is to create global awareness among common masses living in rural areas and link it to the public health.
• It is to support working bodies to design, execute and operate the waste disposal systems locally.
• It is to bring private-sector participation to develop sanitary facilities throughout India.
• It is to make India a clean and green India.
• It is necessary to improve the quality of life of people in rural areas.
• It is to bring sustainable sanitation practices by motivating communities and Panchayati Raj Institutions through the awareness programmes like health education.
• It is to bring the dream of Bapu to come true.

Swachh Bharat Mission in Urban Areas

The Swachh Bharat Mission of urban areas aimed to cover almost 1.04 crore households in order to provide them 2.6 lakhs of public toilets, 2.5 lakhs of community toilets together with the solid wastes management in every town. Community toilets were planned to be built in the residential areas where availability of individual household toilets is difficult and public toilets at designated locations including bus stations, tourist places, railway stations, markets, etc.

Cleanliness programme in the urban areas (around 4,401 towns) was planned to be completed over five years till 2019. The cost of programmes was set, like Rs. 7,366 crore on solid waste management, Rs. 1,828 crore on public awareness, Rs. 655 crore on community toilets, Rs. 4,165 crore on individual household toilets etc.

Programmes which were targeted to be completed are complete removal of open defecation, converting unsanitary toilets into flush toilets, eradicating manual scavenging, bring behavioral changes among public, and solid waste management.

Gramin Swachh Bharat Mission

Gramin Swachh Bharat Mission is a mission implementing cleanliness programmes in the rural areas. Earlier the Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan (also called Total Sanitation campaign, TSC) was established by the Government of India in 1999 to make rural areas clean however now it has been restructured into the Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin).

This campaign was aimed to make rural areas free from open defecation till 2019 for which the estimated cost was one lakh thirty four thousand crore rupees for constructing approximately 11 crore 11 lakh toilets in the country. It planned converting waste into bio-fertilizer and useful energy forms. This mission involved the participation of gram panchayat, panchayat samiti and Zila Parishad. Following are the objectives of Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin):

• To improve quality of life of people living in the rural areas.
• Motivate people to maintain sanitation in rural areas to complete the vision of Swachh Bharat by 2019.
• To motivate local working bodies (such as communities, Panchayati Raj Institutions, etc) to make available the required sustainable sanitation facilities.
• Develop advance environmental sanitation systems manageable by the community especially to focus on solid and liquid waste management in the rural areas.
• To promote ecologically safe and sustainable sanitation in the rural areas.

Swachh Bharat – Swachh Vidyalaya Campaign

The Swachh Bharat Swachh Vidyalaya campaign run by the Union Ministry of Human Resource Development had aimed for cleanliness in the schools. A major programme was organized under it from 25th of September 2014 to 31st of October 2014 in the Kendriya Vidyalayas and Navodaya Vidyalya Sangathans.

Lots of cleanliness activities were held such as discussions over various cleanliness aspects in the school assembly by the students, teachings of Mahatma Gandhi related to cleanliness, cleanliness and hygiene topics, cleaning activities (in the class rooms, libraries, laboratories, kitchen sheds stores, playgrounds, gardens, toilets, pantry areas, etc).

The cleaning of statue in the school area, speech over the contribution of great people, essay writing competitions, debates, art, painting, film, shows, role plays related to hygiene including other many activities on cleanliness and hygiene were also conducted. It was also planned to hold a half an hour cleaning campaign in the schools twice a week involving the cleanliness activities by the teachers, students, parents and community members.

Swachh Bharat Cess

Swachh Bharat cess is an improvement in the service tax by 0.5% on all the services in India. It was started by the Finance Ministry to collect some fund from each and every Indian citizen for the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan in order to make it a huge success. Everyone has to pay extra 50 paise for each 100 rupees spent as service tax for this cleanliness campaign.

Another Cleanliness Initiative in Uttar Pradesh

Yogi Adityanath (Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh), in March 2017, has banned chewing of paan, paan masala, gutka and other tobacco products (especially in the duty hours) in the government offices to ensure cleanliness. He started this initiative after his first visit to the secretariat annex building when he saw betel-juice stained walls and corners in that building.

We can say Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, is a nice welcome step to keep India clean and green. As we all heard about the most famous proverb that “Cleanliness is Next to Godliness”, we can surely say that Clean India Campaign (Swachh Bharat Abhiyan) will really bring godliness all over the country in few years if it is followed by the people of India in an effective manner.

So, the cleanliness activities to warm welcome the godliness have been started but it should not need to be ended if we really want godliness in our lives forever.

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• Cleanliness-Sanitation : Gandhian Movement and Swachh Bharat Abhiyan

There were also wide regional disparities, e.g. 78% of total households in Jharkhand and Orissa, 77% in Bihar, 75% in Chhatisgarh and 71% in Madhya Pradesh were without toilet facility as against only 5% in Kerala, 8% in Mizoram and 11% in NCT, Delhi and in Manipur. [Ch. 2, 6]

For rural sanitation, Government of India's Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation acts as the nodal agency for overall policy, funding and co-ordination, while the states are vested with the responsibility of programme implementation. In most states, the Rural Development or the Public Health Engineering department is made responsible for managing the rural sanitation programme called Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan (NBA)-to transform India into 'Nirmal Bharat' by people-centred strategies with emphasis on awareness creation or sanitation facilities in houses, institutions and schools.

Under Government of India's target of universal coverage of rural 'sanitation' by 2022, 50% of Gram Panchayats should attain Nirmal Gram status by the 12th Plan end, i.e. 2017. Towards this, incentives have been increased in amount and extended to many uncovered groups. Also, under a conjoint approach, importance has also been given to providing piped water supply to households. A National Drinking Water and Sanitation Council has been set up. Total fund allocation for rural sanitation has jumped in the 12th Plan to Rs. 37,259 crores. A phased implementation approach has been adopted wherein Nirmal Gram panchayats progressively lead to sanitized 'blocks', then sanitized districts and, finally sanitized states. Nirmal Gram panchayats will have a holistic and sustainable sanitation with full toilet coverage, water supply, and waste disposal systems including drainage. It is also proposed to make sanitation a part of the school studies, and to launch massive training campaigns with the National Rural Livelihoods Mission for enhancing the skills to achieve the 2022 target. [Ch. 2]

National Urban Sanitation Policy (NUSP) was launched late in 2008 with 100% sanitation as the goal for the 11th Plan. At the start of NUSP, 7.87% urban households defecated in the open, 8.13% used community toilets and 19.49% shared toilets, 18.5% had no access to drainage and 39.8% were linked to open drains. The NUSP required all states to develop State Sanitation Strategies and cities to have City Sanitation Plans, to make urban India totally sanitized, healthy and livable. According to 2011 census, in urban India 81.4% households had latrines within premises (72.6% with water closet [32.7% with piped water system & 38.2% with pit latrines], 7.15% with pit latrines, 1.7% others), 6% shared public latrines and 12.6% still defecated in open. [Ch. 3, 26]

Article 17 of the Indian Constitution had abolished the practice of 'untouchability'. Nevertheless, the caste groups involved in scavenging, have continued to be linked to the polluting work, such as, sweeping, cleaning toilets and carrying night-soil, and to live in most unhygienic and precarious socio-economic conditions. Manual scavenging remains a human rights issue, inextricably linked with caste. Under the Employment of Manual Scavengers and Construction of Dry Latrines (Prohibition) Act, 1993, i.e. 43 years after the Constitution abolished 'untouchability', it was already prohibited. It defined a manual scavenger as "a person engaged in or employed for manually carrying human excreta." Next came the 2012 Bill, which defined a manual scavenger as "engaged - - for manually cleaning, carrying, disposing of, or otherwise handling in any manner, human excreta in an unsanitary latrine, or in an open drain or pit into which the human excreta from the insanitary latrine is disposed of, - -." The changed definition did allow the employers to issue gloves and protective clothing. Further, the Bill did introduce certain innovative ideas, such as banning construction of dry latrines and of employment of manual scavengers in hazardous cleaning of sewers or a septic tank, etc. [Ch. 4]

Innovative Work for Introduction of Sanitary Toilets in India by Sulabh International

A notable effort at all India level by a non-government initiative came from Dr. Bindeshwar Pathak who, inspired by Gandhi, did extensive studies on the subject after joining the Gandhi Centenary Celebration Committee in Bihar in 1969. Those days, there were hardly any toilets in rural households and schools in Bihar. Women were the worst sufferers as they had to go for open defecation before sunrise or after sunset. A large number of children died due to diarrhea, dehydration, dysentery, cholera, etc. In the late 1960s, 23 out of 48 cities with population over 1 lakh in India had sewerage system. Under his consistent efforts was developed the 2-pit pour-flush compost water-seal latrine with on-site disposal system, called 'Sulabh Schauchalaya' (SuSh). One pit is used at one time, and when it is full, the second one is used, and contents of the full pit in the meantime become manure. It uses 1 liter water to flush after use and there is no manual scavenging. It is a decentralized, affordable, and efficient sanitary substitute for open defecation and bucket latrines.

Though the concept of 'public' toilets was covered in the Bengal Municipal act, 1876, (amended in 1888) providing for community toilets on 'pay and use' basis, it had not taken off. Dr. Pathak revived the concept in Bihar in 1974 with a system of community toilets with bathing and urinal facilities, called Sulabh Schauchalaya Complex (SSC), with round-the-clock service and without any burden on public exchequer for their operation. SSCs are being provided in public areas such as bus-stands, railway stations, markets, and hospitals.

In the 6th Plan, a scheme for conversion of dry latrines based on the 2-pit Sulabh technology and for liberation and rehabilitation of scavengers was introduced at Dr. Pathak's initiative in 1980-81, and it has been in operation in amended forms in all states where manual scavenging exists. Dr. Pathak had founded the Sulabh International Social Service Organization (SISSO) in 1970 and, in co-operation with the governments, it has constructed (or substituted for the existing 'dry' type latrines) over 1.3 million individual household toilets as well as nearly 8,000 community toilets on 'pay and use' basis, of which 200 are linked with the biogas plants. Thus about 1 crore people use these Sulabh toilets daily. While the authorities mobilized resources and monitored the work, the SISSO did the work of motivation, training, design, estimation, implementation and follow-up. Sulabh has also liberated over 1,20,000 scavengers and trained over 8,000 of them in dignified trades and professions through vocational training. [Ch. 1, 14]

The Present State of Sanitation in India

The various programs notwithstanding, in India, sanitation has yet to become an integral part of the development paradigm. Numerous villages, towns and industries are yet to have an elaborate and effective mechanism of disposal of wastes. Few cities have an advanced state-of-art sewage treatment system. Drainage system, including storm water drainage, in a number of urban areas are inadequate. Municipalities in a large number of cities are making valiant efforts to ensure sanitation rights to their citizens. Sanitation policy and its multi-faceted implementation are sub-optimal. Sanitation issues are closely interlinked with those of defecation, waste control and disposal, water supplies, environment, and health, as well as with poverty, and there are wide disparities among states in sanitation outcomes. [Ch. 3]

The first sewerage system was introduced in Calcutta in 1870, and by 2008 only 929 out of 7933 towns/ cities in India had sewerage connection, and by 2014, 160 cities had the sewerage system with 270 sewage treatment plants [ Sulabh International , June 2014]. Vide 2011 census, 116 million rural and 15 million urban households were without latrines. Further, 103 million households had bucket privies (cleaned manually by scavengers). Sanitary toilet coverage rose in India from 30.7% in 1990 to 46.9% in 2011 and open defecation came down from 73% to 49.8%. [Ch. 14]

The practice of manual scavenging was prohibited in 1993, the Act providing for imprisonment up to 1 year and fine of Rs. 2,000 or both; it has still to be fully eliminated. Nevertheless the data on the number of manual scavengers is ad hoc and incomplete.

[As a prime example of increasing pollution of rivers and streams over India, after going through the factors responsible for the failure so far of the Ganga Action Plan, the concerned parliamentary standing committee had doubts if the Government's mission of cleaning the Ganges by 2020 would be accomplished. There is need to urgently attend to the issue of sanitation of the pilgrimage sites, with environmental sanitation being the growing concern for the streams and rivers. [Ch. 19] During most of the year, the Yamuna now flows merely as a polluted drain within its Delhi NCT run.]

The Alma Ata Declaration (1978) required that 'primary health care' also include an adequate supply of safe water and basic sanitation, Indian Primary Health Centres have to tackle this more adequately. The TSC and other schemes have still to make sanitation practices fully operational at the mass and institutional levels. The recent 'Universal Health Coverage' scheme also needs to give greater importance of sanitation and potable water. [Ch. 3]

We have to ensure 'sanitation' at all the three levels: individual, community, and the state. A sanitation oriented development trajectory will ensure sanitation standards at the state and community levels which will impact the sanitation practices at the individual level. While the sanitation programmes (CRSP, TSC, NGP) consider 'open defecation' as the main sanitation challenge, sanitation shortfalls are also noticed in spheres such as polluting industries, urban areas without sewage treatment plants, open defecation on railway tracks, proliferating municipal solid wastes, dirty public spaces and throw-away habits. Sanitation has yet to become a common social value in India. Further, rural areas in general and urban areas inhabited by the poor pose serious problems such as lack of funds, space and organized systems for toilets, water supply and storages, drainage, refuse disposal and their misuse as dumping grounds for the C & D and other wastes. Sanitation can be ensured only through close interaction between the state structures and the society and necessary interventions to remove the 'sanitation' deficits. In fact, the right to sanitation must become a part of the right to life under Article 21 of the Constitution. In India, almost three-fourths of the diseases responsible for low life expectancy and child mortality could be a result of unclean water, insanitation and environmental pollution. [Ch. 3, 17]

Sanitation is a 'state' subject and 74th amendment to the Constitution (1992) empowers urban local bodies with responsibility of public health, sanitation, conservancy and solid waste management. Proper sanitation facilities would also help women achieve their due social status as regards health, education, livelihood and life chances. However, the 'sanitation' sector is not commercially viable even though it is economically very viable. Its high capital and operating costs need a combination of grant, loan, and tariff funds. Further, provision of viability gap funding by central and state agencies remains a critical area. [Ch. 7, 21]

Swachh Bharat Abhiyan: its parameters and challenges

As mentioned earlier, the Prime Minister had announced on Independence Day (15.8.2014) that Swachh Bharat Abhiyan will be started from Mahatma Gandhi's birth anniversary (2.10.2014) under which we resolve to provide sanitary toilets and basic sanitation to all by the 150th birth anniversary (2019) of Gandhiji. He had also said in his Independence Day address that "we are living in 21st century. Has it ever pained us that our mothers and sisters have to defecate in open? - - The poor womenfolk of the village wait for the night; until darkness descends, they can't go out to defecate. - - - - when the hopes are not fulfilled, the society sinks into a state of despondency." One task to start today: all schools to have toilets. He also asked people to take the pledge: "I shall not litter and won't allow anyone to do so".

Government of India's plans (Abhiyan) essentially appear to cover the following major parameters of sanitation:

• No open defecation. MP Local Area Development (LAD) Fund for 1 year be used for toilets in schools, apart from the provision of funds by the governments and under CSR. The mission: by 2019, toilet in every home, thus, in 12 crore households, toilets to be constructed by 2019.
• All waste-water to be released into water bodies only after treatment.
• Ban on defecation/ urination etc. on the banks of streams-as a punishable offence, provision of adequate toilets on the banks, and legal ban against throwing plastics, garbage, etc. into a stream.
• Subsidy for construction of toilets to be linked to current prices, and paid through banks; such subsidy or loans may be given to middle and upper classes also.
• Adequate number of toilets and urinals at all public and institutional units, such as educational institutions, railway stations, bus stops, trains, etc.

There are already signs of active initiatives being considered to fulfill the foremost aim of the Swachh Bharat mission. For example, the Maruti Suzuki Co. was given 'Excellent Sanitation and Toilet Award' at India Sanitation Summit 2015 for having decided to build 200 toilets in villages, thus eliminating open defecation there, by 2017 under its 'Corporate Social Responsibility'.

Indian Railways (IR) had already planned to have bio-latrines in all trains by 2021-22. The first train, Uzhavan Express was flagged off with 34 bio-latrines on 1.9.2013. IR has, in collaboration with the Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO) developed the whole design of bio-latrines for trains, the waste from which will be treated by anaerobic digestion, the resultant biogas being released and water being chlorinated and then expelled. IR has recently announced that as part of the Swachh Bharat mission, during next 2 years toilets will now be fitted in all trains. Also, as a start, the sections Jammu – Katra and Kanalus – Dwarka – Okha will be made 'no discharge of the defecation on the tracks' by 2 October 2015.

In Bihar, the state government has decided that anyone living in a house without a toilet will not be allowed to contest a municipal or panchayat election. It has planned to provide all homes with toilet by 2019.

Such examples are encouraging. However, it has yet to be ensured that the tasks under the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan are clearly defined and systems put in place for timely fulfillment.

The article gives a brief review of the important initiatives made during over last 100 years to pursue the objective of sanitation, including its hygienic, social and economic aspects, in India. It started soon after Gandhi's arrival in South Africa in 1893, and till 1914, with his growing involvement in inducing sanitary practices among Indians there, in both personal and corporate spheres, also as a safeguard against the then recurrent epidemics like plague, and including making scavenging as a respectable duty of every person. This also prepared him for his widespread movement for sanitation in India from 1915 onwards till his martyrdom (30.1.1948).

His movement in India was multifaceted but was obviously related to the situation of his time, when India was mostly a rural and under-developed country. At the practical level, his efforts covered mostly the issues of providing sanitary latrines in homes and the safe disposal of human waste as manure, rural sanitation, and the social issue of 'untouchability' as linked to the practice of an isolated caste group being condemned to look after scavenging and other such 'dirty' tasks. At the conceptual level, Gandhi was remarkably modern and remains equally relevant today. He interlinked the issues of sanitation, cleanliness and hygiene with the issues of waste generation and its management.

He was probably the first leader to repeatedly emphasize that, the responsibility for sanitary living applied equally at personal, domestic, and corporate levels. He even said that that unless we "rid ourselves of our dirty habits and have improved latrines, swaraj can have no value for us." [CW 14:56-58] He defined waste or dirt as "matter displaced", and persisted that, as far as possible, all wastes should be appropriately recycled as useful resources. Thus, he wanted all human waste, dung, refuse and other bio-degradable waste to be converted into 'goldlike' manure. He advocated scientific approach in all aspects of sanitation and wanted India to learn from the West in the matter of sanitation. He adopted "cleanliness is next to godliness" even as a student but later changed that into "cleanliness is godliness". He wanted his followers to take up "the whole subject of economic waste" occurring through ways such as preventable diseases, wrong feeding, and loss of valuable resources as wastes. He considered the task of scavenging as the noblest, even higher than what a mother did for her babies.

After India became independent, Government of India and state governments as also some non-government entities, notably Dr. Bindeswar Pathak's Sulabh International, have been working in order to promote sanitation in India. The government agencies have been taking up varied programmes, which have certainly made their impacts, but as the needs and dimensions of concern have also been growing these impacts have been increasingly inadequate to address the scale and range of issues related to sanitation requiring urgent attention. Gandhi had started his movement for sanitation in India in 1915. Since then India's population has grown 7 to 8 times, Indian society has progressively urbanized, and socio-economic structures have been modernizing and moving towards the global standards of developed countries. Hence, both the categories and complexities of the problems concerning lack of sanitation and wastes too have been growing.

Under such a situation, Swachh Bharat Abhiyan , inspired by the Gandhian movement for sanitation itself,comes as a message of hope and a very timely initiative taken by the Government of India. The first set of goals of the Swachh Bharat mission rightly cover provision of toilets in every home and in public places and treatment of human waste, wastewater and refuse. However, as the overall situation concerning sanitation in India, despite all efforts so far, has been becoming ever more urgent, it is also necessary to consider extending the scope of the mission so as to cover all of the major areas relating to India's present requirements of sanitation. These would include:

• Provision of sanitary toilets for all, particularly for the rural and slum (urban) populations, and of 'public toilets', and management of human wastes (night-soil and urine) including all its aspects.
• Management of Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW), covering each of its major categories, such as, biodegradable wastes, non-biodegradable wastes, construction and demolition wastes, and 'hazardous' wastes (e.g. hospital and medical wastes).
• Management of wastes from small-scale to large-scale industries and mines, also including wastes from processing units, cattle farms, slaughter-houses, tanneries etc.
• Management of waste-waters and drainages, including sewerage systems and related sewage treatment plants and septic tanks, and storm water drainage.
• Management of pollution and wastes on the lanes, streets, roads, public spaces and other such surroundings.
• Management of rivers and streams and other water bodies (such as wells, ponds, lakes and drains) and their banks and surroundings so as to keep these clean and non-polluted.

The term 'management' of wastes includes waste collection (including required segregation), transport, storage, treatment and disposal, providing maximum possible scope for the 3Rs-recovery, reuse, and recycling-of the wastes as valuable resources. The following two principals, now universally accepted, must form the very basis of any waste management system:

• A 'waste' is a 'resource' out of place.
• 'The polluter pays', and 'The Extended polluter responsibility'.

For the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan to comprehensively be a success as an all encompassing programme for sanitation in India, it could further highlight its broad approach, concern areas, and the phasing of the Abhiyan with national and statewise targets for each major drive. It would of course also provide for the necessary institutional structures for laying down precise plans of action, monitoring the progress, delivering the results, and providing technical support. The areas of necessary funding systems need a very high priority. The Abhiyan has set its aims for the first phase (2 October 2015 – 2 October 2019). The Abhiyan can be seen as a long-term mission, with similar setting of targets for each successive phase until India can stand up to any developed country in the field of all-round sanitation including management of all the related wastes.

The challenge of ensuring all-round sanitation is not merely an issue of non-pollution and cleanliness. In modern times, sanitation has huge economic outcomes also, not only in the form of providing health and hygiene (and the resultant longer productive life spans and reduced medical costs) but increasingly as savings of valuable resources by ensuring a holistic view of the life-cycle of each resource and through the 3Rs 'chains'. We need to engage in studies and analyses of the true costs to the society of having insanitation including the losses incurred through the generation of the 'wastes', and the resultant economic gains through instituting the sanitation processes in India.

• CW: ‘Collected works of Mahatma Gandhi’ (1958-94), vols. 1 to 100, New Delhi: Publications Division; referred to here as ‘CW vol. no.: page no.
• Most of the references in section B. are sourced from the book ‘ Sociology of Sanitation ’, by Bindeshwar Pathak (editor), containing the presentations made in ‘National Conference on ‘Sociology of Sanitation’ (2013, New Delhi), Chapters 1 to 30, Delhi: Kalpaz Publications (2015). These source references are given here as ‘[Ch. No(s).]’.

* Dr. Y.P. Anand is Former Chairman, Railway Board & ex-officio Principal Secretary to Govt. of India and Former Director, National Gandhi Museum. Email: [email protected]

Gandhi’s Vision of Swachh Bharat

02 Oct 2021

With the launch of ‘Swachh Bharat Abhiyan’ (Clean India Mission) on October 2, 2014, on the 145th birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi, by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, India began its journey towards making cleanliness a part of daily life. 

Gandhi once said, “Sanitation is more important than Independence.” His passion for cleanliness goes back to his days in South Africa (1893-1914). The Indian community then was not known for  keeping houses and surroundings clean. Gandhi wished to change this perception  and worked with the community to take voluntary measures to maintain cleanliness.

Gandhi’s vision for a clean country had three aspects, viz. hygiene, Swaraj, and abolishing untouchability. During one of his speeches at Mandvi, Gujarat, Gandhi said, “During my wanderings, nothing has been so painful to me as to observe our insanitation throughout the length and breadth of the land.” 

For Gandhi, Independence and hygiene were intertwined. In one of his articles published in Young India, he wrote, “All the religions in the world prohibit the pollution of streams, their banks, public roads, and all thoroughfares. This pollution is a sin born of ignorance or laziness.”

Seventy-five years post-Independence, cleanliness has moved on to new levels owing to economic progress, technological revolution, and massive urbanisation. Taking a cue from Gandhi’s idea of cleanliness, the Swachh Bharat Mission is multidimensional in its approach and aims to build a ‘Clean India’ via waste collection, segregation and management, clean water and air, e-waste management, and  universal sanitation coverage through community engagement. 

Under the Swachh Bharat Mission, 107.1 million toilets have been constructed, making more than 603 thousand villages and 711 districts free of open defecation to date. The Jal Jeevan Mission sets a target of providing safe and adequate drinking water through tap connections to all rural households by 2024. Tap connections have been installed in more than 50 million households since the launch of the mission. 

The Government is also working on cleaning India’s rivers through projects like  Namami Gange  (National Mission for Clean Ganga). With a budget outlay of INR 200 billion, the project work on the abatement of pollution in rivers and their conservation and rejuvenation is underway. The project covers areas such as sewage treatment infrastructure, river-surface cleaning, river-front development, industrial effluent monitoring, and biodiversity, among others. So far, 158 projects, have been completed, out of the 346 projects taken up under the mission.

The Government is also carrying out a massive drive for appropriate waste management. As a part of the initiative, steps have been taken for door-to-door collection of waste, segregation of dry and wet waste, etc. and the efforts have resulted in 100% door-to-door waste collection in 85,209 wards, covering 4,520 cities. 

India is working to phase out single-use plastic by 2022 through the Plastic Waste Management Rules, 2016, and Plastic Waste Management Amendment Rules, 2021. It is also trying to strengthen waste management infrastructure in states/UTs through the Swachh Bharat Mission.

Electronic waste or e-waste has now become a matter of concern for the world as well. The Government’s E-waste (Management) Rules 2016, enacted in 2017 and further amended in 2018, mandate companies that produce or sell electronic equipment to ensure under Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) that the weight of the e-waste collected on a yearly basis amounts to at least 10%  of the total quantity of waste generated by them, with a 10% increase every year till 2023. 

The CII-Sohrabji Godrej Green Business Centre (CII-Godrej GBC) also contributes to the cause by offering a voluntary rating to e-waste recyclers.

Air pollution is another issue being addressed under the Swachh Bharat Mission. The National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) aims to reduce the Particulate Matter concentrations by 20-30% by 2024, and 122 cities have been identified based on the air quality data from 2014-2018. CII, too, through its Crop Residue Management (CRM) Project, under the umbrella of the Cleaner Air, Better Life Initiative, has been addressing the issue of stubble burning to address the air quality in northern India. 

The  Clean India mission won’t be accomplished without mass participation and community engagement. As we commemorate the birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi, let’s come forward and join the movement to turn Gandhi’s vision of cleanliness into a reality.

• By CII Team .
• March 6, 2024 March 6, 2024

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• Swachh Bharat Abhiyan Essay

Introduction

Cleanliness is next to godliness – we all have read this quote. Our Bapu, Mahatma Gandhi, was particularly interested in banishing, along with the British, all the dirt and impurities that plagued our nation and its citizens. He had known since then that cleanliness leads to a healthy body and mind.

Inspired by Bapu’s vision, on 2 October 2014, the Indian government, under the leadership of Prime Minister Narendra Modi, made it a mission to make India clean by 2019 by eradicating open defecation, improving solid waste management, and making the citizens aware of the importance of cleanliness. The name of this mission was Swachh Bharat Abhiyan or Clean India Movement.

Objectives of the Swachh Bharat Mission

A primary goal of the campaign is to eliminate the practice of open defecation and provide basic sanitation facilities by providing toilets, solid–liquid waste disposal systems, clean drinking water, etc. It aims to clean streets, roads, towns, and infrastructure in 4041 statutory towns and cities across the country. According to UNICEF, a single gram of faeces can host millions of viruses and parasites. These viruses and parasites are the reason that every year one lakh children die of diarrhoea.

While making India open defecation-free by 2014 was the main aim of the mission, it also aimed at making people more aware of the problems created by solid and liquid wastes when garbage management is not done properly. The Swachh Bharat Mission aimed to make rivers, drainage system, buses, offices, and streets cleaner.

It is also among the objectives of Swachh Bharat Abhiyan to make the citizens of the country aware of their utmost responsibility to maintain cleanliness and prevent filth from spreading around the country. 

The Launch of Swachh Bharat Abhiyan

Swachh Bharat Abhiyan is not something that happened overnight. India is a big country and improving it requires meticulous planning. Before the Swachh Bharat Mission, the previous two cleanliness missions in India paved the path for the most successful cleanliness drive of 2014–2019. 

The campaign was conceived in a conference organised by UNICEF and the Indian Institute of Technology in March 2014. Later that year, on the birthday of the father of our nation, Mahatma Gandhi, the Swachh Bharat Mission was flagged off. It was a daunting project that required the construction of 90 million toilets across the country. The seriousness of the mission can be judged when we see that the government earmarked 1.96 crore rupees for the project.

The Prime Minister also nominated nine public figures to spread the word, including Sachin Tendulkar, Priyanka Chopra, Salman Khan, Baba Ramdev, Shashi Tharoor, Kamal Hassan, Anil Ambani, Mridula Sinha, and the entire cast of the famous television series Taarak Mehta ka Ooltah Chashmah. Nine people had to be further nominated in order to form a chain system.

Clean Schools

Side by side with the main Swachh Bharat Mission, the Indian government also launched the Clean India: Clean Schools Campaign. The campaign aimed to ensure separate toilets for boys and girls in schools, appropriate sanitary facilities for menstruating students, a handwashing station that can cater to at least 10 students at the same time, availability of soaps, etc.

The Challenges 

Although the Swachh Bharat Mission has achieved phenomenal success, certain things still need to be done. The Indian government did a great job by building lakhs of toilets. However, the need of the hour is to change the mentality of the Indians. Despite having toilets in homes, many find it beneficial to defecate in the open. They do not want to ‘spoil’ their supposed sanctity of the homes by defecating inside the house in the toilet. These people need to remember that the outer world is nothing but the extension of their homes. The Earth is their home. The people must keep the planet clean. 

Step Towards a Better Tomorrow

Swachh Bharat Abhiyan is an ambitious project. When other countries are aiming at the Moon and Mars without improving the lives of the people, the Indian government has taken a people-first approach. Along with the Clean India campaign, it is also necessary to make our hearts cleaner. We must respect each other, we must respect women, and we must not attack each other in the name of religion or caste. Only after that, we can say – we are clean physically as well as spiritually.

This mission is not about any political agenda, said PM Modi, but rather to awaken a spirit of patriotism among the people. Teamwork is vital, and people need to devote 100 hours a year to the mission since it can't be achieved by one person or by the government alone. Every Indian citizen is responsible for keeping India clean and green.

As a result of the mission, death and lethal diseases rates in rural areas were reduced and households in rural areas received an annual benefit of Rs. 50,000. With an increase in employment opportunities, Clean India attracted many tourists from all over the world, thereby enhancing the nation's GDP and economy.

The Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, a truly unique project in the history of India, is a great accomplishment for our nation. As we continue to do our part to keep India clean and beautiful, we must do so with zeal and enthusiasm.

FAQs on Swachh Bharat Abhiyan Essay

1. Is the Swachh Bharat Abhiyaan still going on?

The movement aimed to make India a cleaner country, and it is still in action. States around the country contribute to this movement in different ways. Controlling solid waste and liquid waste is one of the best techniques to head-start the process of cleaning an entire country. 

Under this mission, the government has now introduced loans to help build toilets. For cleaning public places and making sure they stay clean, the government has introduced dustbins. Thus, the mission is not of a few years but is rather a vision aiming to have a country that is clean and stays clean.

2. Why is cleanliness important?

Cleanliness is important when it comes to maintaining good health. Hygiene plays a big role in keeping good physical health as well as mental health. Liquid waste, when kept around for long, becomes a breeding ground for pathological microorganisms. There is a very good saying – ‘Cleanliness is next to godliness’ which describes its importance very well. Cleanliness also helps in concentration; when your surrounding is clean, you will have a peaceful mind and will be able to concentrate better.