Classification Essay

Classification Essay Topics

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A List of 270+ Classification Essay Topics for Your Next Assignment

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Classification Essay Topics

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A Beginner’s Guide to Classification Essay + Examples, Topics, & Tips

Classification Essay Outline - A Step By Step Guide

Are you tired of the same old essay topics? Do you find yourself stuck in the monotony of choosing a classification essay topic? 

Choosing a perfect topic that is both interesting and impactful can be challenging sometimes, especially when you are short on time, but fret not! 

In this blog, we've got you covered with 270+ classification essay ideas for all academic levels. From science to arts and literature, we've handpicked topics for all major subjects for your classification essay . We'll also share tips on how to pick the perfect topic that suits you. 

So, let's dive into the classification topics right here!

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  • 1. Classification Essay Topics for 6th Grade Students
  • 2. Classification Essay Topics Middle School
  • 3. Classification Essay Topics For High School
  • 4. Classification Essay Topics For College Students
  • 5. Classification Essay Topics for ESL Students
  • 6. Classification  Essay Topics About School
  • 7. Classification  Essay Topics About Books and Literature
  • 8. Classification  Essays About Science
  • 9. Classification  Essay Topics About Technology
  • 10. Classification Essay Topics on Psychology
  • 11. Classification  Essay Topics About Health
  • 12. Classification Essay Topics on History
  • 13. Classification Essay Topics Sports
  • 14. Classification Essay Topics Business
  • 15. Classification Essay Topics Politics
  • 16. Classification Essay Topics Arts
  • 17. Classification  Essay Topics About Music
  • 18. Classification  Essay Topics About Movies and TV Shows
  • 19. Classification  Essay Topics About Shopping and Clothes
  • 20. Classification  Essay Topics About Travel and Tourism
  • 21. Good Classification  Essay Topics About Life
  • 22. Classification  Essay Topics About Food 
  • 23. Classification  Essay Topics About Animals
  • 24. Classification Essay Topics Mental Health
  • 25. Classification and Division Essay Topics 
  • 26. Easy Classification Essay Topics
  • 27. Funny Classification Essay Topics 
  • 28. Tips to Pick a Classification Essay Topic
  • 29. Tips For Writing A Classification Essay

Classification Essay Topics for 6th Grade Students

  • Types of animals found in rainforests
  • Subdivisions of the Olympic games.
  • Classification of Physiological Disease
  • The three best global cuisines
  • The best ways to prepare for a final exam.
  • Common allergies today
  • Different types of self-care.
  • Different styles of art in history
  • Kinds of science experiments for beginners
  • Types of plants in a garden

Classification Essay Topics Middle School

  • Classifying historical events that shaped our world
  • Types of ecosystems and their characteristics
  • Varieties of poetry forms and their structures
  • Different types of volcanoes and their eruptions
  • Elements in the Periodic Table
  • Kinds of geometric shapes and their properties
  • Categorizing ancient civilizations by achievements
  • Types of biomes and their distinctive features
  • Different genres of fictional literature
  • Classifying cellular structures in living organisms

Classification Essay Topics For High School

  • Classifying literary movements in modern literature
  • Types of political systems and their characteristics
  • Varieties of environmental conservation strategies
  • Different approaches to solving complex math problems
  • Classifying major historical wars and their impact
  • Kinds of computer programming languages
  • Categorizing art movements throughout history
  • Types of energy resources and their sustainability
  • Different genres of music and their influences
  • Classifying types of psychological disorders

Classification Essay Topics For College Students

  • Classifying modern philosophical movements
  • Types of sustainable business practices
  • Varieties of marketing strategies in the digital age
  • Different learning styles and their effectiveness
  • Classifying programming languages for data science
  • Kinds of entrepreneurial ventures and their models
  • Categorizing architectural styles in urban design
  • Types of renewable energy technologies
  • Different genres of documentary filmmaking
  • Classifying approaches to global economic development

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Classification Essay Topics for ESL Students

  • Classifying traditional foods from different cultures
  • Types of social media platforms and their uses
  • Varieties of transportation systems in metropolitan areas
  • Different learning apps for language acquisition
  • Classifying historical landmarks in ESL-speaking countries
  • Kinds of environmental issues and solutions
  • Categorizing cultural celebrations around the world
  • Types of leisure activities for language practice
  • Different genres of multicultural literature
  • Classifying global business communication styles

Classification  Essay Topics About School

  • Effective study habits for academic success
  • Types of peer-to-peer learning strategies
  • Varieties of student leadership roles in extracurricular activities
  • Different approaches to creative writing styles
  • Classifying career paths in STEM disciplines
  • Kinds of artistic expression in visual arts classes
  • Categorizing healthy eating habits for student-athletes
  • Types of historical movements explored in social studies
  • Different genres of music explored in music classes
  • Classifying coding languages for computer science projects

Classification  Essay Topics About Books and Literature

  • Classifying classic novels by literary movements
  • Types of narrative structures in fiction
  • Varieties of poetic forms and their significance
  • Different genres of mystery and detective fiction
  • Classifying autobiographies and memoirs
  • Kinds of fantasy worlds in literature
  • Categorizing Shakespearean plays by themes
  • Types of social commentary in contemporary literature
  • Different approaches to science fiction subgenres
  • Classifying non-fiction books by subject matter

Classification  Essays About Science

  • Classifying types of renewable energy sources
  • Varieties of cellular structures in biology
  • Different categories of chemical reactions
  • Classifying astronomical phenomena in space
  • Types of environmental pollution and their impact
  • Categorizing biomes and ecosystems
  • Varieties of scientific research methodologies
  • Different approaches to genetic engineering
  • Classifying elements on the periodic table
  • Types of renewable and non-renewable resources

Classification  Essay Topics About Technology

  • Classifying types of mobile apps for productivity
  • Varieties of programming languages and their applications
  • Different genres of video games and their appeal
  • Classifying social media platforms by user interaction
  • Types of cybersecurity threats and prevention measures
  • Categorizing wearable technologies and their functions
  • Varieties of e-commerce models in the digital age
  • Different approaches to user interface design
  • Classifying types of artificial intelligence applications
  • Types of emerging technologies in information technology

Classification Essay Topics on Psychology

  • Types of psychological disorders and their symptoms
  • Varieties of therapeutic approaches in counseling
  • Different categories of personality traits
  • Learning theories in educational psychology
  • Types of memory processes and their significance
  • Mental health stigmas and awareness campaigns
  • Varieties of psychological development theories
  • Different approaches to stress management techniques
  • Types of psychological testing
  • Types of motivation theories in behavioral psychology

Classification  Essay Topics About Health

  • Types of exercise for physical fitness
  • Varieties of dietary plans and their benefits
  • Different approaches to stress reduction techniques
  • Mental health strategies for well-being
  • Types of alternative medicine and their practices
  • Health benefits of regular sleep patterns
  • Varieties of fitness apps for personal well-being
  • Different types of diets for weight management
  • Classifying types of cardiovascular exercises
  • Types of meditation techniques for mindfulness

Classification Essay Topics on History

  • Ancient civilizations by cultural achievements
  • Varieties of historical revolutions and their impacts
  • Different categories of military strategies in wars
  • Major world religions and their beliefs
  • Types of political movements throughout history
  • Historical figures by contributions
  • Varieties of architectural styles in different eras
  • Different types of government systems in history
  • Economic systems in various periods
  • Types of cultural exchanges in historical trade routes

Classification Essay Topics Sports

  • Types of team sports and their dynamics
  • Olympic Games and their historical significance
  • Categories of individual sports and their skills
  • Popular sports fan cultures
  • Types of training methods in athletic conditioning
  • Extreme sports and their adrenaline rush
  • Varieties of sports equipment and their applications
  • Different approaches to sports psychology techniques
  • Types of outdoor adventure sports
  • Types of sports nutrition plans for athletes

Classification Essay Topics Business

  • Business models in e-commerce
  • Varieties of marketing strategies for small businesses
  • Different approaches to corporate leadership styles
  • Types of entrepreneurial ventures
  • Types of financial management strategies in business
  • Categorizing customer relationship management practices
  • Varieties of business ethics and corporate social responsibility
  • Different categories of international business models
  • Types of advertising techniques
  • Types of business negotiation styles and approaches

Classification Essay Topics Politics

  • Political ideologies and their core tenets
  • Varieties of electoral systems and their impacts
  • Different approaches to international relations theories
  • Types of political parties and their platforms
  • Types of political leadership styles and their effects
  • Forms of government corruption
  • Varieties of human rights issues in global politics
  • Different categories of political activism strategies
  • Types of diplomatic negotiation techniques
  • Types of political campaign strategies and messaging

Classification Essay Topics Arts

  • Types of Olympic sports and their distinctions
  • Different team sports and their unique dynamics
  • Various athletic training programs for performance
  • Extreme sports and the thrill they offer
  • Martial arts and the philosophies behind them
  • Nutrition plans tailored for sports enthusiasts
  • Water sports and their distinct challenges
  • Approaches to understanding sports psychology
  • Diverse sports fans and their levels of enthusiasm
  • Common sports injuries and effective rehabilitation techniques

Classification  Essay Topics About Music

  • Genres of music and their cultural roots
  • Types of musical instruments and their sounds
  • Various songwriting techniques in music
  • Music festivals categorized by themes
  • Different styles of vocal performance
  • Music production technologies in categories
  • Varieties of dance styles in music videos
  • Different genres of electronic music
  • Music therapy approaches for well-being
  • Music genres classified by mood and tempo

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Classification  Essay Topics About Movies and TV Shows

  • Film genres and their unique characteristics
  • Types of TV show formats and their popularity
  • Various cinematic storytelling techniques
  • Different approaches to film editing styles
  • Streaming platforms and their content diversity
  • Categorizing movie genres by audience appeal
  • Iconic TV show characters and their traits
  • Cinematic genres and their impact on culture
  • Types of film scores and their emotional influence
  • TV show themes classified by genre

Classification  Essay Topics About Shopping and Clothes

  • Types of fashion styles and their influences
  • Different shopping habits and consumer trends
  • Varieties of clothing fabrics and their comfort
  • Fashion accessories categorized by function
  • Sustainable fashion practices and their impact
  • Categorizing clothing brands by target audience
  • Types of shopping platforms and their convenience
  • Different approaches to thrift store shopping
  • Essential wardrobe items for every season
  • Fashion influencers and their style niches

Classification  Essay Topics About Travel and Tourism

  • Adventure travel types and their thrills
  • Approaches to cultural tourism
  • Accommodation options for travelers
  • Travel destinations classified by climate
  • Sustainable tourism practices and impact
  • Transportation modes for travel categorized
  • Food tourism and culinary experiences
  • Styles of solo travel and exploration
  • Popular tourist attractions categorized by type
  • Travel budgeting strategies

Good Classification  Essay Topics About Life

  • Life goals and personal aspirations variety
  • Different approaches to time management
  • Varieties of problem-solving strategies
  • Interpersonal communication styles categorized
  • Types of coping mechanisms for stress
  • Online learning styles categorized for personal growth
  • Relationship types and dynamics variety
  • Different philosophies on a meaningful life
  • Hobbies and leisure activities variety
  • Wellness practices for a balanced life types

Classification  Essay Topics About Food 

  • Global cuisine types and their flavors
  • Approaches to vegetarian diets
  • Varieties of cooking techniques in culinary arts
  • Dessert styles and sweet treats categorized
  • Street food cultures around the world
  • Coffee and tea varieties classified
  • Ethnic spices and their uses
  • Styles of food presentation
  • Cooking shows and their formats
  • Regional food specialties and their significance

Classification  Essay Topics About Animals

  • Mammals and their diverse habitats
  • Categories of bird species worldwide
  • Marine life and ecosystems variety
  • Reptiles distinguished by physical traits
  • Insect behaviors and adaptive features
  • Amphibians and their different life stages
  • Endangered species and conservation efforts
  • Animal communication methods in the wild
  • Domesticated pets classified by traits
  • Nocturnal animals and their unique adaptations

Classification Essay Topics Mental Health

  • Mental health disorders and their symptoms
  • Coping mechanisms for stress and anxiety
  • Therapeutic approaches in counseling
  • Mental health apps and resources categorized
  • Meditation techniques for mindfulness
  • Support systems for mental well-being
  • Mental health stigmas and awareness
  • Approaches to mental health education
  • Mental health advocacy organizations classified
  • Holistic practices for mental wellness

Classification and Division Essay Topics 

  • Calming techniques that work
  • Ways of coping with stress.
  • Types of vitamins necessary for a healthy body.
  • Classify school teaching methods
  • The stages in computer evolution
  • Good teachers vs. bad teachers
  • Types of shopping behaviors
  • How do different people treat flights?
  • What are the different political parties?
  • Family dinner ideas

Easy Classification Essay Topics

  • Strategies to save money
  • Types of sellers 
  • Leadership skills
  • Techniques to stay healthy
  • Benefits of a balanced diet
  • Ways to treat depression
  • Forms of political systems
  • Types of friends in a class
  • Roles of women in different societies
  • Types of workplace bullying  

Funny Classification Essay Topics 

  • Ways to a woman’s heart
  • Myths about Santa Claus 
  • How to make your parents love you
  • Ways to annoy people 
  • How to avoid people 
  • Classification of the types of sleepers 
  • Different types of laughter
  • Halloween makeup ideas 
  • How to avoid apologizing to people
  • Myths about the tooth fairy

Tips to Pick a Classification Essay Topic

Here are some tips for selecting a good classification essay topic:

  • Passion Ignites Interest: Choose a topic that sparks your curiosity and passion; your enthusiasm will shine through your words.
  • Audience Appeal: Consider your audience's interests. A captivating topic for them ensures engagement and a compelling read.
  • Controversy Adds Flavor: Pick a subject with diverse opinions. Controversial topics often lead to thought-provoking discussions.
  • Relevance Matters: Opt for a topic that relates to current events or trends. Relevance adds immediacy and interest.
  • Scope and Depth: Ensure the topic has enough depth for exploration but isn't too broad. Striking a balance is key for a focused essay.
  • Uncover Uncommon Angles: Explore unique perspectives within common topics. Unusual angles make your essay stand out.
  • Personal Connection: If possible, choose a topic that holds personal significance. Your genuine connection will enhance your writing.

Tips For Writing A Classification Essay

A division and classification essay is a type of essay where you categorize and organize different items into distinct groups. This essay type allows you to showcase your analytical skills by sorting things into specific categories based on shared characteristics.

Here are some essential tips for writing a perfect classification essay:

Choose a Topic Wisely

Start by selecting a topic idea that genuinely interests you from the provided classification essay topics list. Consider the purpose of your essay and choose a subject that allows for diverse categorization.

Craft a Thoughtful Thesis Statement

Develop a strong thesis statement that clearly indicates the categories you will explore in your essay. Ensure your thesis is specific and provides a roadmap for your readers.

Create an Essay Outline

Plan your essay by creating your classification essay outline . This helps organize your thoughts and maintain a logical flow. Break down your essay into an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion.

Don't Forget to Include Examples

Support your categories with concrete examples to illustrate each classification. Providing examples enhances the clarity and understanding of your essay.

Be Mindful of Your Audience

Consider your audience when choosing a topic for a classification essay. Ensure it's something that resonates with them and piques their interest.

Revise and Refine

After writing your first draft, revisit your work for revisions. Ensure that each category is distinct and that your essay effectively achieves its purpose.

Emphasize Clear Organization

Maintain a clear and logical organization throughout your essay. Each category should have a distinct purpose, and transitions between categories should be smooth.

Check for Consistency

Verify the consistency of your classifications. Ensure that each category aligns with your overall thesis. Eliminate any overlap or confusion between categories.

Remember, the key to a successful classification essay lies in thoughtful organization, clear examples, and a well-defined thesis statement.

In conclusion, we hope this blog has been a valuable resource in helping you select the perfect topic for your classification essay. Our curated list of ideas aims to inspire and guide you in crafting a compelling and well-organized essay. 

However, if you still find yourself unsure of where to begin your classification essay journey, don't hesitate to seek professional help. 

The experts at MyPerfectWords.com are available 24/7 to provide the assistance you need. 

Reach out to our professional writing service today and ensure you receive the grades you deserve. Your essay success is just a click away!

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A classification essay is a type of academic essay that categorizes a topic into distinct groups based on shared characteristics or criteria. The writer's purpose is to create a clear organization of information. Classification should be logical, making it easier for readers to remember the information being presented.

Let us guess: your professor asked you to write a classification essay. But they didn't explain how to even write one, did they? They often drop students like that as a part of self-learning. That's exactly why you're here! Writing a classification essay requires research. And making sure you've got enough information, you must double check what you've already gathered. Besides, classifying may sound simple, but it takes discipline and logical thinking. Putting thoughts into words and all that… What a task! But we heard a little rumor that those who continue reading would master classification papers. It's time for you to see if this rumor is true!  

What Is a Classification Essay: Definition

Classification essay doesn’t want to hide its essence, considering its name. But the primary goal of this type of article is to classify. Now, what you want to rank is up to you or your professor. Your main goal is to select topics and later put them into categories. The primary purpose of this type of essay is to show your skills in categorisation and generalization. We can take food as a good and tasty example. For instance, apples and oranges belong to the fruit category, while cucumbers will definitely be vegetables. As for avocado, you have to do the research and classify this type of food. Nevertheless, you’ll definitely need to write one of those essays during your college. So to master academic and classification writing, keep reading!  

How to Write a Classification Essay

We will start by teaching you how to write a classification essay. In this case, preparation is our little saving grace. So before you begin the actual writing, typing, or scribbling, it’s a good idea to think about the overall essence of your article. For starters, here are several valuable tips worth remembering:

  • Select a type of organization (you can use tables, documents, or anything that will help you in organizing your work).
  • Choose your categories for classification.
  • Make sure that each category is distinct and clear.
  • Include different examples for visualization.

These several steps will be handy for writing a thesis and starting your introduction. Buy essay papers online once you want good results with as little time spent as possible.

Developing an Effective Classification Essay Thesis Statement

Like with other articles, the classification essay thesis is one of the most vital parts of your work. A good thing worth keeping in mind is that your thesis is the last statement of your introduction. It also determines whether your audience will continue reading your article. Here are several things you should follow to write a good thesis:

  • Summarize your work.
  • Identify your main topic, objective, or goal of your essay.
  • Above all, make readers understand what point you’re making and what your paper is gonna be about.
  • Mention the categories you have chosen.

If you can nail our list given above, congratulations, you’ve got yourself an outstanding thesis.

Classification Essay Outline

Creating a classification essay outline is one of the easiest ways to approach an excellent classification paper. It’s true that it requires a lot of research and remembering. You will not only have to write about a single subject but group topics into categories. In order to do it correctly and understandably for the reader, it’s best if you use an outline. First and foremost, your essay should follow a traditional five paragraph essay format structure. It should have a minimum of three paragraphs. But typically, professors prefer around five. So your introduction must initially include an introduction, several body paragraphs depending on the length of your article, and a conclusion. In your body paragraphs outline, it’s a good idea to describe the groups you will include in your article. So your first paragraph will group fruits according to their color, while the second one can use nutrition for a classification. This will help you to remember your points before writing.  

How to Start a Classification Essay: Introduction

Classification essay introduction is very similar to any other introduction you have probably written. You should never forget that you are writing for an audience. Doesn’t really matter if your reader is your professor or some person online. The rules of good writing apply to any kind of paper. The first thing worth doing is introducing your overall concept. There is no need to give all the information at once. Just start with something more general and narrow it down later to a thesis we’ve talked about. Make sure that you also include the relevant information. Using our previous metaphor, if you’re talking about fruits, maybe mentioning vegetables will not be a good idea. Besides, staying on one topic will help you to write more clearly. And that’s our final requirement for your introduction.  

Body Paragraphs of a Classification Essay

Classification essay's main body commonly has around 1-3 paragraphs. But don't forget to ask your professor about the length. The important thing to remember is that you are classifying items in your work. In order to achieve precise and successful organization, your body paragraphs must be concise. Each body paragraph should focus on a certain group. You're not making mashed potatoes. So stacking all of your ideas in one section would create a mess. Keep it simple in terms of structure:  

  • Paragraph 1 — fruits organized by their color
  • Paragraph 2 — fruits arranged by expert location
  • Paragraph 3 — fruits ordered by size or shape

A simple and understandable organization will make your writing sharp. And your readers will definitely say thank you!

Classification Essay Conclusion

A classification essay conclusion is, just like always, crème de la crème of any article. At this point, your reader knows everything you were telling them. They know all your data, issues, and ideas. Thus, quickly summarizing what they’ve read in your body paragraphs will help a lot. But the last thing to do is organize your conclusion while leaving an impression. Now, their impressions can be different. However, your readers must think about your work for at least some time. So your conclusion must end with something intriguing like the possible future of your topic or piece of mind for the readers. Just don’t include any new information, and you’ll do fantastically!  

Classification Essay Writing: Useful Tips

Even with our help, classification essay writing is challenging. So we prepared for you several good tips that will help you improve and ease your academic life. Check them out:  

  • Define the purpose of the article before you start writing.
  • Avoid popular and often used topics.
  • Write down a number of topics before picking one. (We have a list of classification essay topics at your disposal.)
  • Choose a subject that will be personally interesting for you.
  • Remember that you are also writing for someone else who might not know everything about your topic.
  • Edit and proofread your work.
  • Take a break from writing once in a while and come back with a fresh mind and new look.
  • Don’t try writing about everything simultaneously. Instead, focus on one category and lead with it.

With these steps, we can definitely say that you’re ready.

Classification Essay Examples

How could we leave you without classification essay samples? You’re right; we couldn’t. Check out this example. Keep in mind that our examples always have characteristics that we talked about. So you can read the sample and return back for this article or do some revision. It will help you a lot. What are you waiting for? You can find the example right here. Or simply buy essay for college to avoid any hard work this evening. 

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Classification Essay: Bottom Line

Who knew that  writing a classification essay  wasn’t that hard? We did, and now you know that, too. You have everything it takes to create an excellent paper. You know that:  

  • Your thesis is the most essential part of the essay.
  • The introduction must contain general information on the subject.
  • Body paragraphs must be carefully organized.
  • A conclusion should leave an impression without including new information.

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But if you’re still looking for proficient help, our academic writing services got you covered. Our writers do excellent research before writing a paper and deliver high-quality results. We are also proud of our timely delivery of the papers.

FAQ about Classification Essays

1. what is the purpose of a classification essay.

The purpose of a classification essay is to organize and classify. In the beginning, you have several unique items. They indeed have some things in common. So your job is to identify in what categories they fit best. After doing the research and careful learning, you must put everything you have gathered into words. But still, keep in mind that the second purpose is to make your essay and classification clear to the reader.

2. How long is a classification essay?

There’s no right or wrong answer when it comes to classification essay length. Everything will depend on the guidelines. Usually, such articles are 3 to 5 paragraphs long. Their minimum is always an introduction, one body paragraph, and conclusion. However, professors definitely enjoy 5 paragraphs as a standard length. But you always need to remember that the essay should be long enough to provide necessary information for the reader. Or it must be short enough not to drag it out.

3. What is the difference between a division and classification essay?

Division and classification essays are only slightly different. The items you choose for classification essays must belong to strict and certain categories. They cannot overlap or belong to two different groups. On the other hand, division essays allow the subjects to move from one group to another. They might be divided into different groups or categories and thus overlap.

4. What are different types of classification?

There are several types of classification. Depending on the particular topic, you can choose a specific type that fits the best. Here’s what you can choose from:

  • Spatial classification (location, place and so on).
  • Chronological (you must take time and dates into consideration).
  • Classification by attributes (qualitative).
  • Classification by size (quantitative with numbers and statistics).

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10.4 Classification

Learning objectives.

  • Determine the purpose and structure of the classification essay.
  • Understand how to write a classification essay.

The Purpose of Classification in Writing

The purpose of classification is to break down broad subjects into smaller, more manageable, more specific parts. We classify things in our daily lives all the time, often without even thinking about it. Cell phones, for example, have now become part of a broad category. They can be classified as feature phones, media phones, and smartphones.

Smaller categories, and the way in which these categories are created, help us make sense of the world. Keep both of these elements in mind when writing a classification essay.

Choose topics that you know well when writing classification essays. The more you know about a topic, the more you can break it into smaller, more interesting parts. Adding interest and insight will enhance your classification essays.

On a separate sheet of paper, break the following categories into smaller classifications.

  • The United States
  • Colleges and universities

The Structure of a Classification Essay

The classification essay opens with an introductory paragraph that introduces the broader topic. The thesis should then explain how that topic is divided into subgroups and why. Take the following introductory paragraph, for example:

When people think of New York, they often think of only New York City. But New York is actually a diverse state with a full range of activities to do, sights to see, and cultures to explore. In order to better understand the diversity of New York state, it is helpful to break it into these five separate regions: Long Island, New York City, Western New York, Central New York, and Northern New York.

The underlined thesis explains not only the category and subcategory but also the rationale for breaking it into those categories. Through this classification essay, the writer hopes to show his or her readers a different way of considering the state.

Each body paragraph of a classification essay is dedicated to fully illustrating each of the subcategories. In the previous example, then, each region of New York would have its own paragraph.

The conclusion should bring all the categories and subcategories back together again to show the reader the big picture. In the previous example, the conclusion might explain how the various sights and activities of each region of New York add to its diversity and complexity.

To avoid settling for an overly simplistic classification, make sure you break down any given topic at least three different ways. This will help you think outside the box and perhaps even learn something entirely new about a subject.

Using your classifications from Note 10.43 “Exercise 1” , write a brief paragraph explaining why you chose to organize each main category in the way that you did.

Writing a Classification Essay

Start with an engaging opening that will adequately introduce the general topic that you will be dividing into smaller subcategories. Your thesis should come at the end of your introduction. It should include the topic, your subtopics, and the reason you are choosing to break down the topic in the way that you are. Use the following classification thesis equation:

topic + subtopics + rationale for the subtopics = thesis.

The organizing strategy of a classification essay is dictated by the initial topic and the subsequent subtopics. Each body paragraph is dedicated to fully illustrating each of the subtopics. In a way, coming up with a strong topic pays double rewards in a classification essay. Not only do you have a good topic, but you also have a solid organizational structure within which to write.

Be sure you use strong details and explanations for each subcategory paragraph that help explain and support your thesis. Also, be sure to give examples to illustrate your points. Finally, write a conclusion that links all the subgroups together again. The conclusion should successfully wrap up your essay by connecting it to your topic initially discussed in the introduction. See Chapter 15 “Readings: Examples of Essays” to read a sample classification essay.

Building on Note 10.43 “Exercise 1” and Note 10.46 “Exercise 2” , write a five-paragraph classification essay about one of the four original topics. In your thesis, make sure to include the topic, subtopics, and rationale for your breakdown. And make sure that your essay is organized into paragraphs that each describes a subtopic.

Key Takeaways

  • The purpose of classification is to break a subject into smaller, more manageable, more specific parts.
  • Smaller subcategories help us make sense of the world, and the way in which these subcategories are created also helps us make sense of the world.
  • A classification essay is organized by its subcategories.

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Ultimate guide to writing a classification essay, carla johnson.

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When it comes to writing an essay, you can choose from many different kinds. A classification essay is one type of essay you might be asked to write. This article will tell you everything you need to know about how to write a classification essay.

A classification essay is a type of academic writing in which things, people, or ideas are put into groups based on the things they have in common. The goal of a classification essay is to help readers understand a complicated topic better by breaking it down into smaller, easier-to-understand pieces.

It’s important to write a classification essay for more than one reason. First, it lets you show how well you can analyze and organize information in a way that makes sense. Second, it helps you learn how to think critically because you have to judge and compare different things or ideas. Lastly, it can help readers who are trying to understand a complicated topic by breaking it up into smaller pieces.

In the sections that follow, we’ll give you a step-by-step plan for how to write a good classification essay. By following these rules, you’ll be able to write a well-organized, interesting essay that puts your topic into clear categories and gives your readers useful information.

What You'll Learn

Understanding the Elements of a Classification Essay

To write a successful classification essay, it is important to understand the elements that make up this type of academic writing. These include:

– Definition of classification: Classification is the process of organizing items, people, or ideas into categories based on shared characteristics. In a classification essay, you will use this process to group your topic into different categories that you will then explore in detail.

– Types of classification: There are several different ways to classify items or ideas, including by physical characteristics , function, importance, and chronological order. The type of classification you choose will depend on the specific topic you are exploring and the purpose of your essay .

– The importance of classification in writing a classification essay: Classification is a crucial element of a classification essay, as it allows you to effectively organize your ideas and present them in a way that is logical and easy to understand. By categorizing your topic, you will be able to provide valuable insights for your readers and help them better understand a complex topic.

Choosing a Topic for Your Classification Essay

Once you understand the elements of a classification essay, the next step is to choose a topic that is appropriate for this type of academic writing. Here are some tips to help you choose a topic for your classification essay:

– Identifying your audience: Before you choose a topic, it is important to consider your audience. Think about who will be reading your essay and what their interests and needs are. This will help you tochoose a topic that is relevant and engaging for your readers.

– Brainstorming ideas: Once you have identified your audience, start brainstorming ideas for your classification essay. Think about topics that you are knowledgeable about and that are interesting to you. Consider different categories that you could use to classify your topic.

– Narrowing down your topic: After you have generated a list of potential topics, it is important to narrow down your options. Choose a topic that is specific enough to be manageable, but broad enough to provide you with enough material to write about.

– Finalizing your topic: Choose a final topic for your classification essay once you have narrowed down your list. Make sure your topic is clear and to the point, and that it is relevant to the people you are writing for.

By following these steps, you’ll be able to choose a topic for your classification essay that is appropriate, interesting, and relevant to your readers. Make sure to pick a topic that is narrow enough to be manageable but wide enough to give you enough to write about. Once you have a good topic for your classification essay, you can move on to the next steps.

Pre-Writing Strategies for Your Classification Essay

Before you start writing your classification essay, it’s important to take some time to prepare and plan your approach. Here are some pre-writing strategies to help you get started:

– Conducting research: Depending on your topic, you may need to conduct research to gather information and examples to support your categories . This research can come from a variety of sources, including books, academic articles, and online sources.

– Creating an outline: Once you have gathered your research, create an outline for your essay . This will help you to organize your ideas and ensure that your essay flows logically and cohesively. Your outline should include an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion.

– Developing a thesis statement: Your thesis statement is the main idea or argument that you will be exploring in your essay . It should be clear, concise, and focused on the categories that you will be exploring in your essay .

– Organizing your ideas: Once you have created your outline and developed your thesis statement , organize your ideas into categories. Think about the different ways that you can group your topic and create categories based on shared characteristics.

Writing Your Classification Essay

Now that you have completed your pre-writing strategies, it’s time to start writing your classification essay. Here is a breakdown of the different sections of your essay:

– Introduction: Your introduction should provide an overview of your topic and a clear thesis statement that outlines the categories you will be exploring in your essay.You should also provide some context for your topic and engage the reader’s interest.

– Body paragraphs: The main part of your essay should be broken up into paragraphs that each talk about a different topic . Start each paragraph with a clear topic sentence that says what category you will be talking about, and then back up your classification with examples and evidence. Use transitional phrases to link your paragraphs and help your reader see how your categories are related.

– Conclusion: Your conclusion should summarize the main points of your essay and restate your thesis statement in a memorable way. You can also provide some final thoughts or recommendations based on your classification.

Remember to use clear and concise language throughout your essay, and to provide examples and evidence to support your categories. By following these guidelines, you can create a well-organized and compelling classification essay that effectively categorizes your topic and provides valuable insights for your readers.

Tips for Writing a Successful Classification Essay

To write a successful classification essay, it’s important to keep the following tips in mind:

– Use appropriate language and tone: Your language and tone should be appropriate for your audience and the purpose of your essay . Use clear and concise language, and avoid using jargon or technical terms that may be unfamiliar to your readers.

– Make use of examples: Examples can help to illustrate your categories and provide evidence to support your claims . Use specific and relevant examples to help the reader understand the characteristics of each category.

– Use transitional words and phrases: Transitional words and phrases can help to connect your categories and create a smooth and cohesive flow in your essay . Examples include “firstly”, “secondly”, “in addition”, and “furthermore”.

– Use evidence to support your claims: It’s important to use evidence to support your claims and to make your argument more convincing. This evidence can come from a variety of sources, including research, personal experience, and expert opinion.

– Revise and edit your essay: Finally, it’s important to take the time to revise and edit your essay . Read through your essay carefully , checking for spelling and grammar errors, and making sure that your ideas are clear and well-organized.

 Classification Essay Examples

Examples of classification essays:.

1. “The Three Types of Friends Everyone Needs” by John Smith:

In this essay, the author categorizes friends into three types: the listener, the adventurer, and the loyalist. The author provides specific examples and personal experiences to illustrate each category, and uses transitional phrases to connect each paragraph. The thesis statement is clear and focused, and the language and tone are appropriate for the audience. Overall, this essay is well-organized and effectively categorizes the different types of friends.

2. “The Four Main Types of Exercise” by Jane Doe:

In this essay, the author categorizes exercise into four types: aerobic, strength, flexibility, and balance. The author provides examples and evidence to support each category, and uses transitional words and phrases to connect each paragraph. The thesis statement is clear and focused, and the language and tone are appropriate for the audience. Overall, this essay is well-organized and effectively categorizes the different types of exercise.

3. “The Five Types of Online Shoppers” by Sarah Johnson:

In this essay, the author categorizes online shoppers into five types: the bargain hunter, the researcher, the impulse buyer, the loyal customer, and the window shopper. The author provides examples and evidence to support each category, and uses transitional phrases to connect each paragraph. The thesis statement is clear and focused, and the language and tone are appropriate for the audience. Overall, this essay is well-organized and effectively categorizes the different types of online shoppers.

Analysis of the examples:

The structure and approach of all three examples of classification essays are the same. The authors give a clear thesis statement , group their ideas into categories, and back up their claims with examples and evidence. They also use transitional words and phrases to link their categories together and give their essays a smooth flow.

One of the things that makes these essays good is that they use examples and proof to back up their categories. By giving real-world examples, the authors are able to show what each category is like and make their case stronger. Another strength is that the language is clear and to the point, which is good for the audience and purpose of the essay.

One thing that could be better about these essays is that each category should be looked at in more depth. Even though the authors give examples to back up their claims, they could have gone into more detail about what each category is and how it fits into the bigger picture.

Classification Essay Topics

Here are some ideas to get you started:

– Types of social media users

– Different types of diets

– Types of students in a classroom

– Types of pet owners

– Different types of music genres

– Types of vacation destinations

– Different types of book genres

– Types of movie genres

– Different types of coffee drinks

– Types of personality traits

Frequently Asked Questions about Classification Essays

1. what is a classification essay.

A classification essay is a type of academic writing that involves organizing items, people, or ideas into categories based on shared characteristics.

2. What are the elements of a classification essay?

The elements of a classification essay include a clear thesis statement, organized categories, examples and evidence to support each category, and transitional words and phrases to connect each paragraph.

3. How do I choose a topic for a classification essay?

To choose a topic for your classification essay, consider your audience, brainstorm ideas, narrow down your topic, and finalize your topic.

4. How do I structure my classification essay?

Your classification essay should include an introduction with a clear thesis statement, body paragraphs that explore each category, and a conclusion that summarizes your main points and restates your thesis statement.

5. What is a classification essay thesis?

A classification essay thesis is the main idea or argument that you will be exploring in your essay. It should be clear,concise, and focused on the categories you will be exploring in your essay.

In this article , we’ve told you everything you need to know about how to write a classification essay. First, we talked about what a classification essay is and why you should write one. Then, we talked about the parts of a classification essay, such as the different kinds of classification and how important it is to organize your ideas.

We also gave you advice on how to choose a topic, do research, make an outline, and come up with a thesis statement. We talked about how a classification essay is put together, including the introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion.

Then, to help you get started, we gave you some examples of classification essay topics and answered some of the most common questions about classification essays.

In the end, writing a classification essay can be hard, but it can also be fun. By following the tips in this article, you can write a well-organized, interesting essay that puts your topic into categories and gives your readers useful information. Make sure to choose a specific and manageable topic, use the right language and tone, and back up your categories with examples and evidence. If you have these tools, you should be able to write a good classification essay.

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When confronted with a complicated subject, we are often overwhelmed with information. A classification essay is designed to take a complex topic and break it down into more manageable and understandable categories, digestible pieces that a reader can easily break down.

This method of organization can be seen in how we structure and categorize our everyday lives. Take the Jefferson Learning Commons, as an example. The library houses thousands of books, which would be hard to browse if they were thrown haphazardly on shelves. Instead, all the fiction is organized alphabetically by author on the first floor, while the second floor houses all the non-fiction organized by subject. This allows a student to find the book they are looking for without searching every shelf.

Topics: When choosing a topic make sure the topic is complex enough to be divided into categories, while not being so broad that the reader is overwhelmed with categories.

Categories: Since a classification essay breaks a topic or subject into categories, it is important for each category to be distinct from one another. Categories that overlap will be nebulous and difficult for a reader to understand. Topics can be broken down many ways. If one way isn’t working, try brainstorming a new way to divide the topic.

Good Topic: Transportation

Categories:

  • Taxi (Uber or Lyft)
  • Personal Automobile

Each category is distinct from one another, with a single defining feature.

Bad Topic: Video game genres

  • Roleplay (RPG)
  • Japanese RPG (JRPG)

The differences of some categories are very murky. A RPG is defined by things like character creation and level progression. However, these two elements are found in many soulslike games. This makes the topic of video game genres difficult to breakdown into easily definable categories.

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Classification Essay

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Classification Essay - Outline, Topics & Writing Tips

Published on: Jan 2, 2022

Last updated on: Jan 31, 2024

Classification Essay

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Most high school and college students are often assigned to write a classification essay at some point in their academic life. Teachers assign this task to evaluate the student’s skills to categorize things. It can be a daunting task, but with the help of basic techniques, you can make the writing process easier.

Here are a few tips and guidelines that you can use to structure your classification essays properly. You have to plan your essay and figure out the categories beforehand to complete this assignment easily.

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Classification Essay Definition

A classification essay is a formal piece of writing used to evaluate your categorizing and generalization skills. It mainly aims to arrange various subjects and objects with similar characteristics.

For this, a writer needs to categorize and classify things into different groups and mention examples that fit into each. Similarly, you are also required to follow a single categorizing approach throughout the content. However, it is up to you to decide on criteria for classification to explain the reasoning and logic.

The entire process of classification essay writing is not very different from any other type of essay. Like other academic papers, the principles of essay writing remain the same, but it requires extensive research and analysis.

How to Start a Classification Essay?

Here are some important steps that you should follow to start a classification essay.

Most professors assign you a specific topic to write your classification essay. If you are not assigned, brainstorm different ideas and come up with an engaging topic. Decide on a group of things that can be logically divided into groups. Also, come up with something that has definitive categories for comparison.

After choosing a topic, decide on classification criteria. Think about all the possible categories in which the topic can split up. Some topic ideas have several options; thus, you will have to determine the exact angle to approach the essay’s theme. Furthermore, make sure that none of the categories is overlapping.

A  thesis statement  is the main argument of the writer on the topic. It is the stance that supports your entire essay, including the main body. Therefore, it is important to draft a strong statement. Also, use examples and evidence to make your essay effective and persuasive.

The next step is to conduct thorough research to gather interesting information for the audience. However, make sure to collect data from credible and authentic sources. It will further strengthen the content of your essay by making it more convincing and logical.

After collecting relevant information, you are now required to structure and organize it properly. Thus, write down the main ideas and present a logical connection between them. Eliminate unnecessary ideas if there are any.

Check out the following template outline that you can use for your division and classification essay.

  • Introductory paragraph - (A hook statement and thesis)
  • Body paragraph 1/Category number 1
  • Body paragraph 2/Category number 2
  • Body paragraph 3/Category number 3

How to Write a Classification Essay?

After planning out the basic structure, start the writing process. Follow the below-given steps to write a perfect classification essay.

The introduction is the first and the most important section of the classification essay. Here, you have to identify the subject and mention the objects to be categorized.

State an interesting hook statement to make your introduction appealing. Such as strong opening line will grab the reader’s attention towards the essay. After this, provide the purpose of the essay and explain the reason for categorizing the items.

Lastly, write a strong thesis statement to highlight the subject matter in the discussion. Develop this statement early during the writing process as it will help the writer stay in the right direction.

The body section of the classification essay comprises three or more paragraphs depending on the categories. All the paragraph provides relevant information, examples, and evidence to justify the thesis statement. Also, start each paragraph with a topic sentence.

The right approach is to discuss the most important category in the last paragraph. Use classification essay transition words to ensure that the data flows logically from one paragraph to another.

The following are some common transition phrases. Apply them each time you arrange things into groups and provide examples related to each class.

  • The 1st kind, the 2nd kind, the 3rd kind
  • The 1st group, the 2nd group, the 3rd group
  • The 1st category, the 2nd category, the 3rd category

It is the last section of a classification essay where you put together all the categories mentioned in the main body. Here, a writer will summarize all the central arguments and restate the thesis statement.

Also, mention the various types and approaches that you have examined in your classification essay. Recommend the particular one over the others, depending on the subject matter. However, make sure to emphasize why you have come to that conclusion.

The first draft of your classification essay is full of mistakes, but you can fix it up by editing and revising. For this, read your essay twice or thrice and ensure that it includes all the important points highlighted in the outline.

Eliminate all the language, punctuation, and spelling mistakes to give it a professional look. Similarly, get rid of all the unnecessary and overly complex words and phrases before the final submission.

Classification Essay Examples

Have a look at the following classification essay examples to understand writing a good one in no time.

Classification Essay Sample

Classification Essay Example About Students

Classification Essay About Food

Classification Essay Topics

Not all ideas can be good topics. Here we have mentioned some of the best topics for a classification essay, divided into several categories. It will help you choose a unique one for your essay.

  • Olympic games
  • Different genres of modern music
  • Rare species of animals
  • Types of dogs
  • Ways to treat obesity
  • Types of human relationships
  • Common phobias
  • Psychological disorders
  • Movies about memory loss
  • Meals that may lead to diabetes

Tips for Writing a Classification Essay

Keep in mind the expert tips given below while writing a good classification essay. It will make your essay stand out and draw the reader’s attention.

  • It is better to avoid choosing complex topics because extremely narrow or broad topics are hard to deal with.
  • Conduct extensive research to gather factual data for the essay.
  • Make sure to define and describe all the categories.
  • Provide authentic evidence and examples for each classified group. Make sure it offers a typical representation of the class.
  • Use credible sources of information.
  • Draft a perfect outline to organize the data properly.
  • Use a comparison and contrast technique to point out various similarities and differences between each category.
  • Proofread and revise your essay to make it perfect.

These are a few guidelines that will help you write an A-worthy classification essay. Planning out the assignment early and figuring out the categories is the key to success.

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Our classification essay writers will help you submit a comprehensive piece of paper that will get you the grade you deserve. 

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How to Develop and Organize a Classification Essay

Basic Approaches to Drafting a Five-Paragraph Essay

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Classification is a method of developing an essay by arranging people, objects, or ideas with shared characteristics into particular classes or groups. After you have settled on a topic for a classification essay * and explored it through various prewriting strategies, you should be ready to attempt a first draft . Here is how to develop and organize a five-paragraph classification essay .

Introductory Paragraph

In your introduction , clearly identify your subject — in this case, the group you are classifying. If you have narrowed your subject in any way (for example, types of bad drivers, rock guitarists, or annoying moviegoers), make this clear from the start.

You may also want to provide some specific descriptive or informative details to attract the interest of your readers and suggest the purpose of the essay .

Finally, include a thesis sentence (usually at the end of the introduction) that briefly identifies the main types or approaches that you're about to examine. 

Intro Paragraph Example: Baseball Fans

Here's an example of a short but effective introductory paragraph to a classification essay:

It's a warm evening in July, and all across the country Americans are gathering to watch a game of professional baseball. Armed with hot dogs and cold drinks, they stroll to their seats, some in grand stadiums, others in cozy minor-league parks. But no matter where the game is played, you will find the same three types of baseball fan: the Party Rooter, the Sunshine Supporter, and the Diehard Fan.

Notice how this introduction creates certain expectations. The specific details provide a setting (a ballpark on "a warm evening in July") in which we expect to see the various fans described. In addition, the labels assigned to these fans (the Party Rooter , the Sunshine Supporter , and the Diehard Fan ) lead us to expect descriptions of each type in the order they're given. A good writer will go on to fulfill these expectations in the body of the essay.

Body Paragraphs

Begin each body paragraph with a topic sentence that identifies a particular type of approach. Then  illustrate each type with specific details.

Arrange your body paragraphs in whatever order strikes you as clear and logical — say, from the least effective approach to the most effective, or from the most common type to the least familiar (or the other way around). Just make sure that the order of your body paragraphs matches the arrangement promised in your thesis sentence.

Body Paragraphs Example: Types of Fans

Here, in the body of the essay on baseball fans, you can see that the writer has fulfilled the expectations set up in the introduction. (In each body paragraph, the topic sentence is in italics.)

The Party Rooter goes to games for the hot dogs, the gimmicks, the giveaways, and the companionship; he's not really that interested in the ballgame itself. The Party Rooter is the sort of fan who shows up on Buck-a-Brew Night, often with a gang of fellow partiers. He cracks jokes, hurls peanuts at the team mascot, applauds the exploding scoreboard, blasts an electronic horn whenever he pleases—and occasionally nudges a companion and asks, "Hey, who's winning?" The Party Rooter often wanders out of the park in the sixth or seventh inning to continue his celebrations in the car on the way home. The Sunshine Supporter, usually a more common type than the Party Rooter, goes to the park to cheer on a winning team and bask in its glory. When the home side is on a winning streak and still in contention for a playoff spot, the stadium will be packed with this sort of fan. As long as her team is winning, the Sunshine Supporter will be roaring at every play, waving her pennant and shouting out the names of her heroes. However, as the name implies, the Sunshine Supporter is a fickle fan, and her cheers quickly turn to boos when a hero strikes out or drops a line drive. She will stay around until the end of the game to celebrate a victory, but should her team fall a few runs behind, she's likely to slip out to the parking lot during the seventh-inning stretch.​ Diehard Fans are also strong supporters of the local team, but they go to the park to watch good baseball, not just to root for a winner.  More attentive to the game than other fans, Diehards will study the stance of a power hitter, note the finesse of a quick fielder, and anticipate the strategy of a pitcher who has fallen behind in the count. While the Party Rooter is chugging a beer or dropping wisecracks, Diehards may be filling in a scorecard or commenting on a player's RBI tally over the past few months. And when a Sunshine Supporter boos an opposing player for tagging out a local hero, Diehards may be quietly applauding the expert moves of this "enemy" infielder. No matter what the score is, Diehard Fans remain in their seats until the last batter is out, and they may still be talking about the game long after it's over.​

Comparisons Ensure Cohesion

Notice how the writer uses comparisons to ensure cohesion in the body of the essay. The topic sentence in both the second and third paragraphs refers to the preceding paragraph. Likewise, in the third body paragraph, the writer draws explicit contrasts between the Diehards and the other two types of baseball fans.

Such comparisons not only provide smooth transitions from one paragraph to the next but also reveal the sympathies of the writer. He begins with the type of fan he likes the least and ends with the one he most admires. We now expect the writer to justify his attitudes in the conclusion.

Concluding Paragraph

The concluding paragraph gives you an opportunity to draw together the various types and approaches you have been examining in the body of the essay. You may choose to offer a final brief comment on each one, summarizing its value or its limitations. Or you may want to recommend one approach over the others and explain why. In any case, make sure that your conclusion clearly emphasizes the purpose of your classification.

Concluding Paragraph: Only the Diehard Fans Remain

In the concluding paragraph to "Baseball Fans," consider whether the author has been successful in his effort to tie his observations together.

Professional baseball would have trouble surviving without all three types of fans. The Party Rooters provide much of the money that owners need to hire talented players. The Sunshine Supporters bring a stadium to life and help boost the morale of the home team. But only the Diehard Fans maintain their support all season long, year in and year out. By late September in most ballparks, enduring chilly winds, rain delays, and sometimes humiliating losses, only the Diehards remain.

Connecting the Conclusion to the Introduction

Notice how the writer hooks his conclusion back to the introduction by contrasting the chilly night in September with the warm evening in July. Connections such as this help to unify an essay and give it a sense of completeness.

As you develop and organize your draft , experiment with various strategies, but keep this basic format in mind: an introduction that identifies your subject and the different types of approaches; three (or more) body paragraphs that rely on specific details to describe or illustrate the types; and a conclusion that draws your points together and makes the overall purpose of the classification clear.

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  • 182 Best Classification Essay Topics To Learn And Write About

September 17, 2022

classification essay topics

Do you struggle to find classification essay topics? If so, this article is ideal for you. It lists 180-plus topic ideas to consider for your paper. Also, it defines a classification essay and how to write it. This article is helpful because many students struggle to find or create titles for their classification essays.

Many educators give learners the classification essay assignment to gauge their ability to classify or categorize data. Therefore, this form of academic writing entails developing an essay by organizing or arranging events, objects, notions, or individuals into specific classes, types, or groups, based on their shared characteristics. A teacher or professor can ask learners to write this essay to assess their reasoning.

What Is A Classification Essay?

A classification essay, also called a division essay, is a write-up that shows the student’s skills in organizing or sorting things into categories or groups. The learner must select the criteria for presenting items when writing this essay. After that, they can provide examples for each class or group.

Some of the things to classify can include mobile platforms. In that case, learners can separate them into Android, iOS, and Windows Phone. Thus, the learner can select the specific traits to group or divide the objects into various categories.

How To Write A Good Classification Essay

When writing a classification essay, students can group items based on their differences or similarities. Here’s the basic process of writing this essay:

Choose a topic: While learners can pick titles from division and classification essay topics, not all are ideal for every student. Therefore, the first step is to select a title you know or have experience with to make the research and writing process easier and more enjoyable. Research: Once you’ve chosen the topic, investigate it extensively to understand the characteristics of the items or objects you intend to categorize in the essay. Define categories: Think about your essay structure before working on it. That way, you can break up the classes into different parts. Additionally, decide on your essay’s angle. Create a thesis statement: Write a persuasive thesis statement and support your claim with solid evidence. A classification essay requires a convincing primary argument. Outline the essay: Outlining will keep your writing organized while ensuring it covers every point. Also, it enables you to decide the content for every paragraph or section. Your outline can include the introduction, main body, and conclusion. Draft: Follow the outline to write the first draft. Categorize the items into different classes based on their unique traits. Write the final draft: Write the final copy of the essay based on your first copy. Ensure that the division between the items or objects comes out clearly. Edit: Proofread and edit the essay before submitting

Writing a classification essay becomes easy when you select the right topic. This article lists a wide array of division classification essay topics to help you find one you’re comfortable with before starting the writing process.

Classification Essay Topics For College Students

Are you a college student looking for good classification essay topics? If so, this section has exciting ideas you might want to explore in your papers:

  • Different types of tourists
  • Different friends types
  • Classification of social network users
  • Modern world and sports fans categories
  • Categories of college roommates
  • Categories of church-goers
  • States with different population quantity and density
  • The US youth groups today
  • The modern world and social groups
  • Categories of social values
  • Different nationalities and their traits
  • Different levels of degrees in colleges
  • Various categories of artists
  • Different types of books
  • Categories of studying techniques
  • Various types of teachers
  • Types of exercises for bodybuilders
  • Different categories of relationships
  • Different friendship types
  • Friendships and their characteristics

College students can explore these ideas in their essays. Nevertheless, learners should pick ideas they are comfortable exploring in their research and writing.

Classification Essay Topics On History

Are you pursuing a history course and need classification topics for your papers? If so, this list has exciting ideas to explore in your work:

  • Leonardo Da Vinci and his significant accomplishments
  • Historical events and their impacts on people’s lives
  • How different rulers changed the course of history
  • The role of religion in shaping history
  • The most important inventions in history
  • The turning points in history that led to significant changes
  • How wars have shaped the course of history
  • The role of geography in the development of historical events
  • Influence of different cultures on each other throughout history
  • The economic factors that have led to historic changes
  • The part of art and literature in history.
  • How political leaders can maintain security and peace
  • Slavery in different historical periods in America
  • Reasons for the strong influence of the Mayan civilization
  • Britain’s history and its most celebrated episodes
  • Various revolutions in the 19th century in America
  • Seven Wonders of the World and their information sources
  • Different printing techniques in history
  • Customs that led to modern holidays
  • Characteristics of the first civilizations
  • Military commanders and their successes
  • Nicknames for the American presidents
  • Che Guevara and his achievements
  • Milestones Adolf Hitler made during his rise and fall
  • The most influential and popular US presidents

Writing a quality essay about these titles requires in-depth research and organization of thoughts. Therefore, pick a title you’re comfortable with to draft a winning paper.

Classification Essay Topics In Economics

Are you pursuing an economics course in college? If so, this list has classification ideas worth exploring in your papers:

  • How the economy affects businesses
  • The demand and supply concepts
  • How the balance of trade impacts the economy
  • Unemployment and its different types
  • How experts measure economic growth
  • Various problems arise from a recession
  • How inflation affects the economy
  • Governments and their role in the economy
  • How taxation affects the economy
  • Multiple categories of economic systems
  • Factors affecting the prosperity of the global economy
  • The dominance of developed countries over developed ones
  • Impacts of debt taking on developing countries
  • How various market institutions affect developing nations
  • Different effects of politics on economic growth
  • Popular products that enhance economic prosperity
  • Different approaches to economic growth
  • Factors causing price volatility
  • International and regional financial organizations and their impacts on member states
  • Is global agriculture declining or expanding?
  • Categories of goods in modern economics
  • Regions or countries that control the international economy
  • Industries driving the global economy
  • Exploring different types of business cartels
  • How food safety regulations have assisted certain countries

Economics is a broad and diverse subject covering different topics. Nevertheless, any of these topics can be an excellent starting point for your essay.

Funny Classification Essay Topics

Maybe you want to have fun while researching and writing your paper. If so, consider choosing one of these topics:

  • Different categories of people you can meet at a party
  • Types of people you can meet online
  • Ways to do away with a boring person
  • Jobs you should avoid forever
  • Types of people teenagers don’t want as friends
  • Ways of classifying your Facebook friends
  • How a person becomes cynical
  • Categories of fitness freaks
  • Ways to make an ex fall in love with you
  • Ways to avoid forgetting your friends
  • How to avoid a person you don’t like
  • Ways to annoy a person without consequences
  • Types of laughter and their causes
  • Different ways someone can disgust you
  • Various ways to a girl’s heart
  • Ways to get into a man’s bed
  • Santa Claus and major myths about him
  • Multiple fashion styles and what makes them stand out
  • The best books to read and enjoy
  • Movies that will make you laugh and watch them again

Classification essays shouldn’t always be serious. Picking these ideas will lead to fun-filled research and writing experience. Nevertheless, follow your educator’s instructions to prompt them to award you the top grade in your class.

Classification And Division Essay Topics

As the name suggests, these titles require the writer to classify and divide items, concepts, or ideas. Here are topics to consider in this category:

  • Bowling as an Olympic sport
  • Types of scripted reality shows
  • Movies with CGI graphics
  • Earbuds categorization as headphones
  • Caffeinated drinks and their classification as energy drinks
  • Teens trick-or-treating rules
  • Chips as snacks, yet they are not chips
  • Social media posts and their categories
  • Different meme types
  • Categories of healthy breakfasts
  • Types of parenting styles
  • Different categories of gamers
  • Categorizing teaching styles
  • Effective calming techniques
  • Occupational fields that aren’t remote
  • Spending habits among teenagers
  • Various inventions and their categories
  • Multiple places that humans have not explored
  • Categories of holistic medicine
  • Party factions in the Democratic party

These are good division and classification essay topic examples. Nevertheless, pick the one you’re comfortable working on to enjoy your project.

Definition Classification Essay Topics

Topics in this category define and classify different items, concepts, or ideas. Here are ideas to explore in this section:

  • Various types of love
  • Different forms of beauty
  • Categories of success and their differences
  • Various types of failure
  • Different categories of fear
  • Different forms of happiness
  • Exploring different types of family
  • Various types of political parties
  • Different forms of governance
  • The concepts of political power
  • Different approaches to decision-making in politics
  • Different ideologies in politics
  • Types of economic systems
  • Different types of agriculture
  • Various types of intelligence

When writing an essay in any of these titles, students should define and classify the items or concepts they want to investigate. That way, they can show the educator that they understand them.

Easy Classification Essay Topics

Maybe you don’t want to struggle with researching and writing your essay. In that case, these topics for the classification essay are ideal for you:

  • Different strategies for adding weight
  • Five American comedians and reasons for their popularity
  • Main causes of obesity
  • Unique methods for shedding weight
  • Various ways to save money
  • Types of online sellers
  • Different types of leadership
  • Types of a balanced diet
  • Ways to make friends
  • Multiple forms of workplace bullying
  • Different categories of poems
  • Types of mental health treatments
  • Types of role models
  • Categories of individual personalities
  • Categorization of goals in life
  • Different types of weather
  • Various types of animals
  • Different categories of plants
  • Various types of rocks
  • Different mineral types
  • Various types of soil
  • Categories of ecosystems
  • Different types of climates
  • Various types of biomes
  • Different categories of habitats

These classification essay ideas are easy to research since you can quickly find a lot of information about them. Nevertheless, ensure that your chosen topic meets your educator’s requirements. If you find it difficult to choose a topic for the essay or figure out how to write a dissertation, you can always use custom dissertation writing , where you can get help in completing the assignment to a high score.

Extra Classification Essay Topics List

Maybe you didn’t find an exciting topic for a classification essay in the above categories. In that case, consider any of these ideas for your paper:

  • Types of music genres
  • Different types of clothing
  • Various categories of sports fans
  • Types of pets
  • Categories of holidays
  • Types of college majors
  • Different kinds of jobs
  • Various categories of cars
  • Types of home decorations
  • Kinds of HGTV shows
  • Different types of Facebook users
  • Texting habits of teenagers
  • Types of sports teams
  • Types of video games
  • Best summer holiday destinations
  • Prerequisites for getting the best friends
  • Types of decorations for the Christmas tree
  • Digital profession categories
  • Kinds of shopping behaviours
  • Homeless person categories
  • Different varieties of dancing styles
  • Types of lecturing strategies
  • Categories of extracurricular activities
  • Bad behaviours among artist
  • Different kinds of political cultures
  • Categories of immigrants
  • Sorts of comedy shows
  • Types of conflicts at workplaces
  • Various types of voting systems
  • Categories of climatic zones
  • Varieties of social media content
  • Different types of responsibilities

Classification essays are not challenging to write, but they require some thought and organization to succeed. The most important thing to remember is to focus on a single characteristic to help you group your subjects into manageable categories. Once you have chosen your topic and determined your purpose, the rest of the essay should fall into place more easily.

However, selecting the right topic is the first and foremost step in writing this essay. That’s because while there are many types of classification essay topics, not all suit every student. Therefore, learners should take sufficient time to investigate their titles to write winning papers.

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Writing A Classification Paper

TIP Sheet WRITING A CLASSIFICATION PAPER

Classification is sorting things into groups or categories on a single basis of division. A classification paper says something meaningful about how a whole relates to parts, or parts relate to a whole. Like skimming, scanning, paraphrasing, and summarizing, classification requires the ability to group related words, ideas, and characteristics.

Prewriting and purpose It is a rare writer, student or otherwise, who can sit down and draft a classification essay without prewriting. A classification paper requires that you create categories, so prewriting for a classification paper involves grouping things in different ways in order to discover what categories make the most sense for the purpose you intend.

An important part of creating useful categories is seeing the different ways that things can be grouped. For example, a list of United States presidents may be grouped in any number of ways, depending on your purpose. They might be classified by political party, age on taking office, or previous occupations, but you could just as well, depending on your purpose, classify them by the pets they keep or how they keep physically fit. If your purpose was to analyze presidential administrations, you would group information focusing on the presidents' more public actions–say, cabinet appointments and judicial nominations. On the other hand, if you intended to write about the private lives of presidents, you might select information about personal relationships or hobbies.

Make sure the categories you create have a single basis of classification and that the group fits the categories you propose. You may not, for example, write about twentieth century presidents on the basis of the kinds of pets they kept if some of those presidents did not keep pets. The group does not fit the category. If you intend to talk about all the presidents, you must reinvent the categories so that all the presidents fit into it. In the example below, the group is "all U.S. presidents" and the two categories are "those who kept pets and those who did not":

Some U.S. presidents have indulged their love of pets, keeping menageries of animals around the White House, and others have preferred the White House pet-free.

Alternatively, in the following example, the group is "twentieth century U.S. presidential pet-keepers" and the three categories are "dog lovers, cat lovers, and exotic fish enthusiasts."

Among the twentieth century presidents who kept pets, presidential pet-keepers can be classified as dog-lovers, cat-lovers, or exotic fish enthusiasts (for who can really love a fish?).

Developing a thesis Once you have decided on your group, purpose, and categories, develop a thesis statement that does the following three things:

names what group of people or things you intend to classify describes the basis of the classification labels the categories you have developed

Here is a thesis statement for a classification paper written for a Health and Human Fitness class that includes all three of the above elements, underlined:

Our last five U.S. presidents have practiced physical fitness regimens that varied from the very formal to the informal . They have been either regular private gym-goers, disciplined public joggers, or casual active sports enthusiasts.

Ordering categories Order is the way you arrange ideas to show how they relate to one another. For example, it is common to arrange facts and discussion points from most- to least-important or from least- to most-important, or from oldest to most recent or longest to shortest. The example thesis statement above is ordered from most- to least-formal physical fitness activities. There is no one right way; use an ordering system that seems best to suit your purpose and the type of information you are working with.

For example, suppose you are writing about the last five U.S. presidents for a psychology class. If you wish to show that these presidents' public decisions spring directly from negative issues in their personal relationships, you might order your information from most private to more public actions to clearly establish this connection. Or, if you wish to give the reader the impression that he is moving into increasingly intimate knowledge of personal presidential foibles, you may choose the reverse, ordering your information from public to private.

Signal words Signal phrases, or transitions, typically used for classification papers include the following:

this type of... several kinds of... in this category... can be divided into... classified according to... is categorized by...

These phrases signal to the reader your intention to divide and sort things. They also contribute to the unity of the paper.

Classification requires that you invent (or discover) abstract categories, impose them on a concrete whole, and derive something new-a tall order that you can, nevertheless, manage if you resist the temptation to skip the brainstorming steps. Remember that clinical dissection is never an aim in itself; the point of classification is to reveal and communicate something meaningful.

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13.2: Basic Structure of the Classification Essay

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The Thesis Statement

The thesis statement in a classification essay often identifies the classified groups. Further, it should make an assertion about the relevance or importance of the groups. Students will need to develop clear and concise thesis statements that identify the point and purpose of the essay while breaking the subjects down into logically developed paragraphs. Thesis statements should always be written in third person. There are two kinds of thesis statements: a basic thesis statement and a listing thesis statement.

Basic Thesis Statement

Although the animals of the Earth have distinct environments, how they move through their varying environments is based not on the habitat, but on the method of propulsion.

The basic thesis statement identifies the topic and makes an assertion about the topic, stating the position of the writer.

Listing or Mapping Thesis Statement

Animals move through their environments in one of three ways: by feet, wings, or fins.

The mapping thesis statement identifies the topic (animals), makes an assertion about the topic (move through their environments in one of three ways) and lists the categories (feet, wings, and fins).

Introduction

The introduction is the hook. It grabs the reader’s attention and provides engagement in the topic. As with many rhetorical strategies, topics can be introduced by telling a story that is related to the topic, asking a question that the thesis answers, asking a rhetorical question that has no answer but introduces the reader to the subject matter. Usually, the final sentence of the introduction is the thesis statement.

Body Paragraphs

Each category in the classification needs its own paragraph. In addition, if the categories are mentioned in a mapping thesis statement, follow the order established in the thesis statement. In developing each category, explain the specifics that make the category, provide examples of things that fall into the category, and evidence of those distinctions.

Conclusions address key points in the essay and tie the introduction to the conclusion.

Your conclusion should not just restate the thesis; it should comment on the significance of the thesis. What does your reader know now after reading your essay that wasn't known before?

For more explanation regarding introductions, conclusions and thesis statements, refer to Chapter 6 .

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Classification Essay

John K.

Classification Essay – Definition, Examples, & Topics

Published on: Jan 6, 2023

Last updated on: Jan 6, 2023

classification essay

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A classification essay is a type of essay that classifies the characters, ideas, or phenomena with a specific set of characteristics.

A classification essay is a common type of writing assignment in high school and college students. It is not the world’s most complicated academic paper, but there are still plenty of essay writing rules to remember.

In this blog, you will get a detailed guide on how to write a classification essay with examples.

Classification Essay Definition

In a classification essay, an essay writer organizes things into categories and gives examples of things that fit into each category. Therefore, a classification essay deals with the arrangement of several topics or themes sharing common properties.

The main purpose of writing this type of essay is:

  • Organize things into useful categories
  • A single organizing approach is followed everywhere
  • Provide examples that fit into each category

Before you start writing the essay, it is essential to decide the classification criteria. According to the criteria, you start thinking about what properties that you use to classify things. This criterion must be discriminating and make sure that none of the categories are overlapping.

Writing a good classification essay requires a lot of in-depth research and strong analytical skills. Therefore, gather more information and organize them into properties.

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How to Write a Classification Essay?

A classification essay is a piece of writing that looks like a painting creation, and an artist works on a particular structure. It holds all the elements together and creates a powerful visual effect.

Therefore, the same principle applies to the writing piece, in which the writer categorizes all the things in order. The main task of the writer is to organize or sort things into categories.

To write a great classification essay, every writer should follow the following steps.

Have a look at each point in detail.

1. Choose a Topic

The first step is to brainstorm the topic ideas and write them down on paper. Pick the one that you can easily write about and can logically divide into groups. Select your favorite topic, and check out what information you can easily find online.

2. Choose your Categories

After selecting the essay topic, you will have to think about the categories. Some essay topics have multiple options, so you will need to decide the angle you are approaching. Don’t include several categories that will blur your classification.

3. Conduct Thorough Research

Start the research phase and gather relevant information that you need to include in the essay. Take your time and collect information from reliable and authentic sources. When you cite any resource in your essay, it will be trustworthy.

4. Getting Things in Order

You must consider in which order you place the categories. It helps in your writing, and you can easily make bullet points that you want to discuss for each category.

5. Classification Essay Thesis

The thesis statement is the core part of an essay. It includes the topic and the way how it is categorized. In the thesis statement, you need to explain the criteria you use to classify the objects and ideas.

Moreover, this statement also represents the main purpose of the essay. It should be strong and powerful to make the essay effective.

6. Classification Essay Outline

An outline is a roadmap or plan that displays the main points of your essay. An outline helps to structure your thoughts and ideas. In an essay outline, include all the examples and ideas you will explain in the essay.

The process of writing the classification essay outline is the same as all other essays. With the help of an outline, you will easily create a well-written essay. Therefore, write a compelling outline and then start writing your essay.

A classification essay outline consists of the following sections.

An introduction is the first and one of the essential parts of an essay. Here. you will identify your topic and explain what your essay is all about.

The main purpose of an introductory paragraph is to grab the reader’s attention at the start of the essay. Give a brief description of the topic and indicate why this subject is important to you and how it contributes to the scientific discussion.

Conclude the  essay introduction  with the thesis statement. This statement will be clear and concise, helping the reader know what to expect from the essay.

The body paragraphs classify and describe the selected categories. Each paragraph starts with a topic sentence and describes a separate category. The order of the categories does not matter in the paragraphs.

Use transition words between paragraphs and maintain the logical flow between them. If the body paragraphs are lengthy, then divide them into shorter ones and improve readability.

The  conclusion  is the last and the vital part of the essay. In this section, enlist the type of approaches that you have enlisted in your essay.

The concluding paragraph is no place for new ideas and arguments. Therefore, restate the thesis statement and leave a good impression on the readers.

7. Do the Revisions

It is the last step of writing an essay that you must not skip. Read the entire classification essay and identify any gaps in the logical flow. In that case, you need to submit more information.

Also, make sure to remove all the unnecessary and complex words and phrases. Finally, proofread your writing piece to ensure that it is grammatically correct.

Classification Essay Examples

Classification Essay Samples

Classification Essay about Food

Classification Essay Topics

Good classification essay ideas make the writing phase easy, and your 50% success depends on it. You cannot write a good essay without having the information about the topic.

Here are some good classification essay topics that will make your topic-selection phase easy.

  • Types of sources of alternative energy
  • Students and their study habits
  • Methods of studying for a final examination
  • Women playing on men’s sports teams
  • Types of therapies in modern psychology.
  • Strategies used in political debate
  • The most popular world religions
  • Students’ performance during a class workshop
  • Types of factors for a successful relationship
  • Types of assignments in universities

Therefore, pick the topic from the list mentioned above and write a great essay.

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Classification Essay Tips

To write a flawless classification essay read the tips given below:

  • While writing, the meaning of each word has to be defined. It is important that you make a list of their main characteristics and then discuss them.
  • You need to provide different examples of what you are talking about. Make sure they are all the same so people can compare them.
  • Use compare and contrast techniques while developing this essay.

These were some tips on how to write a classification essay. The best way to do it is to plan what you are going to write. You will need time for that. When you have the time, then the rest of the assignment will be easier.

No matter what topic you choose, what  essay format  is, and which theme you use, remember your teacher’s guidelines in mind. Try to follow their instructions and get better grades.

A good classification essay requires great writing skills, but if you lack them and get expert  essay writer  help, consult  FreeEssayWriter.net .

Our experts provide high-quality essay writing help whenever you need them. So, place your  order  now and get a well-written essay on time without any mistakes.

Frequently Asked Questions

How is the classification essay different from other essays.

The classification essay is different from a regular essay because it involves more research. Before you start writing, you need to get as much information as possible and then organize it into categories.

This type of assignment is very common, but many students are still struggling with it.

What are different types of classification essays?

There are four types of classification essays:

  • Geographical
  • Chronological
  • Qualitative
  • Quantitative.

What is the classification structure?

The classification structure is the most important way to organize object classes. It organizes objects and tells you about their attributes. The classification structure is also important, so make sure it's good before you do anything else!

John K. (Research, Speech)

John K. is a professional writer and author with many publications to his name. He has a Ph.D. in the field of management sciences, making him an expert on the subject matter. John is highly sought after for his insights and knowledge, and he regularly delivers keynote speeches and conducts workshops on various topics related to writing and publishing. He is also a regular contributor to various online publications.

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U.S. Officials Order Better Tracking of a Political Flashpoint: America’s Diversity

New survey questions in federal forms will draw a more detailed portrait of racial and ethnic origins. Officials point to the benefits, but the changes could face a conservative backlash.

People enjoying a sunset with the Statue of Liberty in the distance.

By Michael Wines

The Biden administration ordered changes to a range of federal surveys on Thursday to gather more detailed information about the nation’s ethnic and racial makeup.

The changes — the first in decades to standard questions that the government asks about race and ethnicity — would produce by far the most detailed portrait of the nation’s ancestral palette ever compiled. And a new option will be available for the first time allowing respondents to identify as part of a new category, Middle Eastern or North African ancestry.

But the changes also have the potential to rankle conservatives who believe that the nation’s focus on diversity has already gone too far.

things to write a classification essay on

No Box to Check: When the Census Doesn’t Reflect You

Most people of Middle Eastern and North African descent are classified as “white” in U.S. census data. Thousands of respondents to a Times survey told us how they actually identify.

The revisions, released after 21 months of study and public comment, apply not just to the Census Bureau, but across the government, to forms as varied as the National Center for Health Statistics’ National Health Interview Survey and applications for Social Security cards. They take effect this month, but federal agencies will be allowed years to fully implement them.

Current surveys contain a separate option for people of ethnic Hispanic and Latino descent to claim that identity, followed by another question that offers multiple options for respondents to choose one or more races.

The changes consolidate those questions so that respondents may select any or all of seven racial and ethnicity categories that apply to them, including Hispanic or Latino ancestry.

Those seven choices would also include the new option allowing respondents to register Middle Eastern or North African ancestry. The Census Bureau estimates that about 3.5 million people fall into that category, all of whom are currently classified as white. But many do not see themselves that way, as an informal survey by The New York Times of about 5,300 U.S. residents with that heritage showed last month.

Even after selecting racial and ethnic identities, respondents would be able to dive deeply into their own backgrounds, choosing as many or as few sub-classifications as they liked from suggested nationalities, like German or Lebanese. People who found those insufficient would be able to write in still other nationalities or ethnicities.

American censuses have gathered personal information since the 1790s, but since 1977, surveys have specifically tracked basic race and ethnicity characteristics, originally to help enforce 1960s-era civil- and voting-rights laws. Save for one modification in 1997, the questions have remained largely unchanged until now.

Officials of the Office of Management and Budget, which oversaw the review of the current survey questions, said the changes were needed in part to make surveys more accurate. For example, respondents who separately identified themselves as Hispanic or Latino in the current surveys frequently overlooked choosing a racial identification in the questions that followed, something that may happen less often when all questions are consolidated in a single section.

The changes also are also expected to allow experts to better measure how various populations benefit from federal programs and services in areas like employment, health and education, they said.

things to write a classification essay on

An American Puzzle: Fitting Race in a Box

Census categories for race and ethnicity have shaped how the nation sees itself. Here’s how they have changed over the last 230 years.

The new questions build in part on the 2020 census, which gave white and African American respondents an option for the first time to write in additional ancestral information should they choose. To experts’ surprise, the number of respondents who were identified as having more than one race was second only to the number who identified as white.

When the Census Bureau’s Scientific Advisory Committee reviewed a draft of the latest changes in March 2023 , one demographer, Rogelio Sáenz of the University of Texas at San Antonio, called the 2020 results “a wake-up call about what is going on in terms of the increasing racial and ethnic diversity of our nation’s population.”

“Our world has changed tremendously with respect to racial and ethnic matters,” he said. “And at the same time, our methodologies, our instruments have remained quite stable.”

Others say, however, that the ever-finer sorting of people into racial and ethnic silos will only further fragment a deeply split nation.

“Classification of people according to a completely arbitrary standard just creates anxiety, animosity, and division,” one of the more than 20,000 public comments on the 2023 draft proposal stated. “It divides the people, and the nation. It is time to stop it, rather than expand it even further.”

Wrote another: “The more we reinforce our self-defined divisions, the less likely we are to work together. Stop. Just stop.”

The changes hardly come at the spur of the moment. Experts have studied them since the middle of the last decade, and beyond the thousands of public comments, the Office of Management and Budget consulted 35 other federal agencies and a host of sociologists and demographers, among others, for advice.

Those who broadly support the new questions — academics, civil liberties advocates and racial and ethnic interest groups among them — say they would promote greater fairness in schools, housing, hiring and other aspects of society where census data is used.

Arab Americans, in particular, have lobbied for years to be recognized in federal surveys and have pushed hard for the adoption of the new classification for people of Middle Eastern and North African origin. Among other things, advocates say, data from the new category would help in prosecuting hate crimes and civil-rights violations against Arab Americans.

“We know that these groups experience voter suppression, discriminatory policing, inequitable access to government programs and services,” one supporter of the new category wrote in a public comment last year. “But they cannot tell the stories because these groups are considered as ‘White.’”

Critics note, however, that the proposed category for Middle Eastern and North African residents is not an ethnic or racial construct, but a geographic one that includes non-Arab nations like Israel and Iran, and ancestries like Kurdish.

“We’re creating a category for MENA” — the acronym for Middle Eastern and North African — “and making Hispanic effectively a race,” Mike Gonzalez, a senior fellow at the conservative Heritage Foundation, said in an interview. “We’re creating categories for grievance mongering. We need less of this in America, not more.”

One indicator of the fraught politics surrounding the survey questions: The Obama administration considered a proposal in 2016 that was similar to the one approved on Thursday, only to see it die a quick death in 2017 after Donald J. Trump took the White House. Mr. Gonzalez, the author of a book on identity politics, was one of the leaders of a conservative campaign against that proposal.

Margo Anderson , a professor emerita of history at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee and the author of a comprehensive history of the census , suggested in a recent paper that the Biden administration send the proposal back for more study instead of pushing for its adoption. “I worry that it’s going to be hard to make sensible statistical policy during a presidential election year,” she said in an interview.

Mr. Gonzalez said the new survey questions were likely to face opposition from any future Republican White House. “It’s a long time between now and 2030, a very long time away,” he said, referring to the date of the next decennial census. “I’m just going to leave it there.”

Kirsten Noyes contributed research.

Michael Wines is a national correspondent, writing about voting and election issues. He is based in Washington, D.C. More about Michael Wines

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Writing My Autobiography

things to write a classification essay on

A re you still writing?” he asked.

“I am,” I answered.

“What are you working on at the moment?”

“An autobiography,” I said.

“Interesting,” he replied. “Whose?”

The implication here, you will note, is that mine hasn’t been a life sufficiently interesting to merit an autobiography. The implication isn’t altogether foolish. Most autobiographies, at least the best autobiographies, have been written by people who have historical standing, or have known many important people, or have lived in significant times, or have noteworthy family connections or serious lessons to convey . I qualify on none of these grounds. Not that, roughly two years ago when I sat down to write my autobiography, I let that stop me.

An autobiography, to state the obvious, is at base a biography written by its own subject. But how is one to write it: as a matter of setting the record straight, as a form of confessional, as a mode of seeking justice, or as a justification of one’s life? “An autobiography,” wrote George Orwell, “is only to be trusted when it reveals something disgraceful. A man who gives a good account of himself is probably lying, since any life when viewed from the inside is simply a series of defeats.” Is this true? I prefer to think not.

Autobiography is a complex enterprise, calling for its author not only to know himself but to be honest in conveying that knowledge. “I could inform the dullest author how he might write an interesting book,” wrote Samuel Taylor Coleridge. “Let him relate the events of his own life with Honesty, not disguising the feelings that accompanied them.” One of the nicest things about being a professor, it has been said, is that one gets to talk for fifty minutes without being interrupted. So one of the allurements of autobiography is that one gets to write hundreds of pages about that eminently fascinating character, oneself, even if in doing so one only establishes one’s insignificance.

The great autobiographies—of which there have not been all that many—have been wildly various. One of the first, that of the Renaissance sculptor Benvenuto Cellini, is marked by an almost unrelieved braggadocio: No artist was more perfect, no warrior more brave, no lover more pleasing than the author, or so he would have us believe. Edward Gibbon’s autobiography, though elegantly written, is disappointing in its brevity. That of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, heavily striking the confessional note, might have been told in a booth to a priest. Ben Franklin’s autobiography is full of advice on how the rest of us should live. John Stuart Mill’s is astounding in its account of its author’s prodigiously early education, which began with his learning Greek under his father’s instruction at the age of three. Then there is Henry Adams’s autobiography, suffused with disappointment over his feeling out of joint with his times and the world’s not recognizing his true value. In Making It , Norman Podhoretz wrote an autobiography informed by a single message, which he termed a “dirty little secret,” namely that there is nothing wrong with ambition and that success, despite what leftist intellectuals might claim, is nothing to be ashamed of.

Please note that all of these are books written by men. Might it be that women lack the vanity required to write—or should I say “indulge in”—the literary act of autobiography? In Mary Beard’s Emperor of Rome , I recently read that Agrippina the Younger, the mother of Nero, wrote her autobiography, which has not survived, and which Mary Beard counts as “one of the great losses of all classical literature.” I wish that Jane Austen had written an autobiography, and so too George Eliot and Willa Cather. Perhaps these three women, great writers all, were too sensibly modest for autobiography, that least modest of all literary forms.

A utobiography can be the making or breaking of writers who attempt it. John Stuart Mill’s autobiography has gone a long way toward humanizing a writer whose other writings tend toward the coldly formal. Harold Laski wrote that Mill’s “ Autobiography , in the end the most imperishable of his writings, is a record as noble as any in our literature of consistent devotion to the public good.”

If Mill’s autobiography humanized him, the autobiography of the novelist Anthony Trollope did for him something approaching the reverse. In An Autobiography , Trollope disdains the notion of an author’s needing inspiration to write well. He reports that “there was no day on which it was my positive duty to write for the publishers, as it was my duty to write reports for the Post Office,” where he had a regular job. “I was free to be idle if I pleased. But as I had made up my mind to undertake this second profession [that of novelist], I found it to be expedient to bind myself by certain self-imposed laws.” Trollope recounts—emphasis here on “counts”—that as a novelist he averages forty pages per week, at 250 words per page. He writes: “There are those who would be ashamed to subject themselves to such a taskmaster, and who think that the man who works with his imagination should allow himself to wait till inspiration moves him. When I have heard such doctrine preached, I have hardly been able to repress my scorn.” Trollope then mentions that on the day after he finished his novel Doctor Thorne , he began writing his next novel, The Bertrams . For a long spell the literati refused to forgive Trollope for shearing inspiration away from the creation of literary art, for comparing the job of the novelist to a job at the post office. Only the splendid quality of his many novels eventually won him forgiveness and proper recognition.

A serious biography takes up what the world thinks of its subject, what his friends and family think of him, and—if the information is available in letters, diaries, journals, or interviews—what he thinks of himself. An autobiography is ultimately about the last question: what the author thinks of himself. Yet how many of us have sufficient self-knowledge to give a convincing answer? In her splendid novel Memoirs of Hadrian , Marguerite Yourcenar has Hadrian note: “When I seek deep within me for knowledge of myself what I find is obscure, internal, unformulated, and as secret as any complicity.” The unexamined life may not be worth living, but the scrupulously examined one is rare indeed.

My own life has not provided the richest fodder for autobiography. For one thing, it has not featured much in the way of drama. For another, good fortune has allowed me the freedom to do with my life much as I have wished. I have given my autobiography the title Never Say You’ve Had a Lucky Life , with the subtitle Especially If You’ve Had a Lucky Life . Now well along in its closing chapter, mine, I contend, has been thus far—here I pause to touch wood—a most lucky life.

My title derives from the story of Croesus, who ruled the country of Lydia from circa 585–547 b.c. , and who is perhaps today best known for the phrase “rich as Croesus.” The vastly wealthy Croesus thought himself the luckiest man on earth and asked confirmation of this from Solon, the wise Athenian, who told him that in fact the luckiest man on earth was another Athenian who had two sons in that year’s Olympics. When Croesus asked who was second luckiest, Solon cited another Greek who had a most happy family life. Croesus was displeased but not convinced by Solon’s answers. Years later he was captured by the Persian Cyrus, divested of his kingdom and his wealth, and set on a pyre to be burned alive, before which he was heard to exclaim that Solon had been right. The moral of the story is, of course: Never say you have had a lucky life until you know how your life ends.

I have known serious sadness in my life. I have undergone a divorce. I have become a member of that most dolorous of clubs, parents who have buried one of their children. Yet I have had much to be grateful for. In the final paragraph of a book I wrote some years ago on the subject of ambition, I noted that “We do not choose our parents. We do not choose our historical epoch, or the country of our birth, or the immediate circumstances of our upbringing.” In all these realms, I lucked out. I was born to intelligent, kindly parents; at a time that, though I was drafted into the army, allowed me to miss being called up to fight in any wars; and in the largely unmitigated prosperity enjoyed by the world’s most interesting country, the United States of America.

Writing is a form of discovery. Yet can even writing ferret out the quality and meaning of one’s own life? Alexis de Tocqueville, the endlessly quotable Tocqueville, wrote: “The fate of individuals is still more hidden than that of peoples,” and “the destinies of individuals are often as uncertain as those of nations.” Fate, destiny, those two great tricksters, who knows what they have in store for one, even in the final days of one’s life? I, for example, as late as the age of eighteen, had never heard the word “intellectual.” If you had asked me what a man of letters was, I would have said a guy who works at the post office. Yet I have been destined to function as an intellectual for the better part of my adult life, and have more than once been called a man of letters. Fate, destiny, go figure!

T he first question that arises in writing one’s autobiography is what to include and what to exclude. Take, for starters, sex. In his nearly seven-hundred-page autobiography, Journeys of the Mind , the historian of late antiquity Peter Brown waits until page 581 to mention, in the most glancing way, that he is married. Forty or so pages later, the name of a second wife is mentioned. Whether he had children with either of these wives, we never learn. But then, Brown’s is a purely intellectual autobiography, concerned all but exclusively with the development of the author’s mind and those who influenced that development.

My autobiography, though less than half the length of Brown’s, allowed no such luxury of reticence. Sex, especially when I was an adolescent, was a central subject, close to a preoccupation. After all, boys—as I frequently instructed my beautiful granddaughter Annabelle when she was growing up—are brutes. I came of age BP, or Before the Pill, and consummated sex, known in that day as “going all the way,” was not then a serious possibility. Too much was at risk—pregnancy, loss of reputation—for middle-class girls. My friends and I turned to prostitution.

Apart from occasionally picking up streetwalkers on some of Chicago’s darker streets, prostitution for the most part meant trips of sixty or so miles to the bordellos of Braidwood or Kankakee, Illinois. The sex, costing $3, was less than perfunctory. (“Don’t bother to take off your socks or that sweater,” one was instructed.) What was entailed was less sensual pleasure than a rite of passage, of becoming a man, of “losing your cherry,” a phrase I have only recently learned means forgoing one’s innocence. We usually went on these trips in groups of five or six in one or another of our fathers’ cars. Much joking on the way up and even more on the way back. Along Chicago’s Outer Drive, which we took home in those days, there was a Dad’s Old Fashioned Root Beer sign that read, “Have you had it lately?,” which always got a good laugh.

I like to think of myself as a shy pornographer, or, perhaps better, a sly pornographer. By this I mean that in my fiction and where necessary in my essays I do not shy away from the subject of sex, only from the need to describe it in any of its lurid details. So I have done in my autobiography. On the subject of sex in my first marriage (of two), for example, I say merely, “I did not want my money back.” But, then, all sex, if one comes to think about it, is essentially comic, except of course one’s own.

On the inclusion-exclusion question, the next subject I had to consider was money, or my personal finances. Financially I have nothing to brag about. In my autobiography I do, though, occasionally give the exact salaries—none of them spectacular—of the jobs I’ve held. With some hesitation (lest it seem boasting) I mention that a book I wrote on the subject of snobbery earned, with its paperback sale, roughly half-a-million dollars. I fail to mention those of my books that earned paltry royalties, or, as I came to think of them, peasantries. In my autobiography, I contented myself with noting my good fortune in being able to earn enough money doing pretty much what I wished to do and ending up having acquired enough money not to worry overmuch about financial matters. Like the man said, a lucky life.

If I deal glancingly in my autobiography with sex and personal finances, I tried to take a pass on politics. My own political development is of little interest. I started out in my political life a fairly standard liberal—which in those days meant despising Richard Nixon—and have ended up today contemptuous of both our political parties: Tweedledum and Tweedledumber, as the critic Dwight Macdonald referred to them. Forgive the self-congratulatory note, but in politics I prefer to think myself a member in good standing of that third American political party, never alas on the ballot, the anti-BS party.

Of course, sometimes one needs to have a politics, if only to fight off the politics of others. Ours is a time when politics seems to be swamping all else: art, education, journalism, culture generally. I have had the dubious distinction of having been “canceled,” for what were thought my political views, and I write about this experience in my autobiography. I was fired from the editorship of Phi Beta Kappa’s quarterly magazine, the American Scholar —a job I had held for more than twenty years—because of my ostensibly conservative, I suppose I ought to make that “right-wing,” politics. My chief cancellers were two academic feminists and an African-American historian-biographer, who sat on the senate, or governing board, of Phi Beta Kappa.

T he official version given out by Phi Beta Kappa for my cancellation—in those days still known as a firing—was that the magazine was losing subscribers and needed to seek younger readers. Neither assertion was true, but both currently appear in the Wikipedia entry under my name. The New York Times also printed this “official” but untrue version of my cancellation. In fact, I was canceled because I had failed to run anything in the magazine about academic feminism or race, both subjects that had already been done to death elsewhere and that I thought cliché-ridden and hence of little interest for a magazine I specifically tried to keep apolitical. During my twenty-two years at the American Scholar , the name of no current United States president was mentioned. If anything resembling a theme emerged during my editorship, it was the preservation of the tradition of the liberal arts, a subject on which I was able to acquire contributions from Jacques Barzun, Paul Kristeller, Hugh Trevor-Roper, Frederick Crews, and others.

That I was fired not for anything I had done but for things I had failed to do is an indication of how far we had come in the realm of political correctness. I take up this topic in my autobiography, one theme of which is the vast changes that have taken place in American culture over my lifetime. A notable example is an essay on homosexuality that I wrote and published in Harper’s in 1970, a mere fifty-three years ago. The essay made the points that we still did not know much about the origin of male homosexuality, that there was much hypocrisy concerning the subject, that homosexuals were living under considerable social pressure and prejudice, and that given a choice, most people would prefer that their children not be homosexual. This, as I say, was in 1970, before the gay liberation movement had got underway in earnest. The essay attracted a vast number of letters in opposition, and a man named Merle Miller, who claimed I was calling for genocide of homosexuals, wrote a book based on the essay. Gore Vidal, never known for his temperate reasoning, claimed my argument was ad Hitlerum . (Vidal, after contracting Epstein-Barr virus late in life, claimed that “Joseph Epstein gave it to me.”) I have never reprinted the essay in any of my collections because I felt that it would stir up too much strong feeling. For what it is worth, I also happen to be pleased by the greater tolerance accorded homosexuality in the half century since my essay was published.

The larger point is that today neither Harper’s nor any other mainstream magazine would dare to publish that essay. Yet a few years after the essay was published, I was offered a job teaching in the English Department of Northwestern University, and the year after that, I was appointed editor of the American Scholar. Today, of course, neither job would have been available to me.

Do these matters—my cancellation from the American Scholar , my unearned reputation as a homophobe—come under the heading of self-justification? Perhaps so. But then, what better, or at least more convenient, place to attempt to justify oneself than in one’s autobiography?

Many changes have taken place in my lifetime, some for the better, some for the worse, some whose value cannot yet be known. I note, for example, if not the death then the attenuation of the extended family (nephews, nieces, cousins) in American life. Whereas much of my parents’ social life revolved around an extensive cousinage, I today have grandnephews and grandnieces living on both coasts whom I have never met and probably never shall. I imagine some of them one day being notified of my death and responding, “Really? [Pause] What’s for dinner?”

I take up in my autobiography what Philip Rieff called, in his book of this title, the Triumph of the Therapeutic, a development that has altered child-rearing, artistic creation, and much else in our culture. Although the doctrines of Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, and others are no longer taken as gospel, their secondary influence has conquered much of modern culture. My parents’ generation did not hold with therapeutic culture, which contends that the essentials of life are the achievement of self-esteem and individual happiness, replacing honor, courage, kindness, and generosity.

In my autobiography, I note that when my mother was depressed by her knowledge that she was dying of cancer, a friend suggested that there were support groups for people with terminal diseases, one of which might be helpful. I imagined telling my mother about such groups, and her response: “Let me see,” she is likely to have said. “You want me to go into a room with strangers, where I will listen to their problems and then I’ll tell them mine, and this will make me feel better.” Pause. “Is this the kind of idiot I’ve raised as a son?”

T hen there is digital culture, the verdict on which is not yet in. Digital culture has changed the way we read, think, make social connections, do business, and so much more. I write in my autobiography that in its consequences digital culture is up there with the printing press and the automobile. Its influence is still far from fully fathomed.

One of my challenges in writing my autobiography was to avoid seeming to brag about my quite modest accomplishments. In the Rhetoric , Aristotle writes: “Speaking at length about oneself, making false claims, taking the credit for what another has done, these are signs of boastfulness.” I tried not to lapse into boasting. Yet at one point I quote Jacques Barzun, in a letter to me, claiming that as a writer I am in the direct line of William Hazlitt, though in some ways better, for my task—that of finding the proper language to establish both intimacy and critical distance—is in the current day more difficult than in Hazlitt’s. At least I deliberately neglected to mention that, in response to my being fired from the American Scholar, Daniel Patrick Moynihan flew an American flag at half-mast over the Capitol, a flag he sent to me as a souvenir. Quoting others about my accomplishments, is this anything other than boasting by other means? I hope so, though even now I’m not altogether sure.

I have a certain pride in these modest accomplishments. Setting out in life, I never thought I should publish some thirty-odd books or have the good luck to continue writing well into my eighties. The question for me as an autobiographer was how to express that pride without preening. The most efficient way, of course, is never to write an autobiography.

Why, then, did I write mine? Although I have earlier characterized writing as a form of discovery, I did not, in writing my autobiography, expect to discover many radically new things about my character or the general lineaments of my life. Nor did I think that my life bore any lessons that were important to others. I had, and still have, little to confess; I have no hidden desire to be spanked by an NFL linebacker in a nun’s habit. A writer, a mere scribbler, I have led a largely spectatorial life, standing on the sidelines, glass of wine in hand, watching the circus pass before me.

Still, I wrote my autobiography, based in a loose way on Wordsworth’s notion that poetry arises from “emotion recollected in tranquility.” Writing it gave me an opportunity to review my life at the end of my life in a tranquil manner. I was able to note certain trends, parallels, and phenomena that have marked my life and set my destiny.

The first of these, as I remarked earlier, was the fortunate time in which I was born, namely the tail end of the Great Depression—to be specific, in 1937. Because of the Depression, people were having fewer children, and often having them later. (My mother was twenty-seven, my father thirty at my birth.) Born when it was, my generation, though subject to the draft—not, in my experience of it, a bad thing—danced between the wars: We were too young for Korea, too old for Vietnam. We were also children during World War II, the last war the country fully supported, which gave us a love of our country. Ours was a low-population generation, untroubled by the vagaries of college admissions or the trauma of rejection by the school of one’s choice. Colleges, in fact, wanted us.

Or consider parents, another fateful phenomenon over which one has no choice. To be born to thoughtless, or disagreeable, or depressed, or deeply neurotic parents cannot but substantially affect all one’s days. Having a father who is hugely successful in the world can be as dampening to the spirit as having a father who is a failure. And yet about all this one has no say. I have given the chapter on my parents the title “A Winning Ticket in the Parents Lottery,” for my own parents, though neither went to college, were thoughtful, honorable, and in no way psychologically crushing. They gave my younger brother and me the freedom to develop on our own; they never told me what schools to attend, what work to seek, whom or when to marry. I knew I was never at the center of my parents’ lives, yet I also knew I could count on them when I needed their support, which more than once I did, and they did not fail to come through. As I say, a winning ticket.

As one writes about one’s own life, certain themes are likely to emerge that hadn’t previously stood out so emphatically. In my case, one persistent motif is that of older boys, then older men, who have supported or aided me in various ways. A boy nearly two years older than I named Jack Libby saw to it that I wasn’t bullied or pushed around in a neighborhood where I was the youngest kid on the block. In high school, a boy to whom I have given the name Jeremy Klein taught me a thing or two about gambling and corruption generally. Later in life, men eight, nine, ten, even twenty or more years older than I promoted my career: Hilton Kramer in promoting my candidacy for the editorship of the American Scholar , Irving Howe in helping me get a teaching job (without an advanced degree) at Northwestern, John Gross in publishing me regularly on important subjects in the Times Literary Supplement , Edward Shils in ways too numerous to mention. Something there was about me, evidently, that was highly protégéable.

I  haven’t yet seen the index for my autobiography, but my guess is that it could have been name-ier. I failed, for example, to include my brief but pleasing friendship with Sol Linowitz. Sol was the chairman of Xerox, and later served the Johnson administration as ambassador to the Organization of American States. He also happened to be a reader of mine, and on my various trips to Washington I was often his guest at the F Street Club, a political lunch club where he reserved a private room in which we told each other jokes, chiefly Jewish jokes. I might also have added my six years as a member of the National Council of the National Endowment for the Arts, whose members included the actors Robert Stack and Celeste Holm, the Balanchine dancer Arthur Mitchell, Robert Joffrey, the soprano Renée Fleming, the novelist Toni Morrison, the dancer and choreographer Martha Graham, the architect I. M. Pei, the painter Helen Frankenthaler, and other highly droppable names.

Confronting one’s regrets is another inescapable element in writing one’s autobiography. Ah, regrets: the red MG convertible one didn’t buy in one’s twenties, the elegant young Asian woman one should have asked to dinner, the year one failed to spend in Paris. The greater the number of one’s regrets, the grander their scope, the sadder, at its close, one’s life figures to be. I come out fairly well in the regrets ledger. I regret not having studied classics at university, and so today I cannot read ancient Greek. I regret not having been a better father to my sons. I regret not asking my mother more questions about her family and not telling my father what a good man I thought he was. As regrets go, these are not minor, yet neither have I found them to be crippling.

Then there is the matter of recognizing one’s quirks, or peculiar habits. A notable one of mine, acquired late in life, is to have become near to the reverse of a hypochondriac. I have not yet reached the stage of anosognosia, or the belief that one is well when one is ill—a stage, by the way, that Chekhov, himself a physician, seems to have attained. I take vitamins, get flu and Covid shots, and watch what I eat, but I try to steer clear of physicians. This tendency kicked in not long after my decades-long primary care physician retired. In his The Body: A Guide for Occupants , Bill Bryson defines good health as the health enjoyed by someone who hasn’t had a physical lately. The ancients made this point more directly, advising bene caca et declina medicos (translation on request) . For a variety of reasons, physicians of the current day are fond of sending patients for a multiplicity of tests: bone density tests, colonoscopies, biopsies, X-rays of all sorts, CT scans, MRIs, stopping only at SATs. I am not keen to discover ailments that don’t bother me. At the age of eighty-seven, I figure I am playing with house money, and I have no wish to upset the house by prodding my health in search of imperfections any more than is absolutely necessary.

The older one gets, unless one’s life is lived in pain or deepest regret, the more fortunate one feels. Not always, not everyone, I suppose. “The longer I live, the more I am inclined to the belief that this earth is used by other planets as a lunatic asylum,” said George Bernard Shaw, who lived to age ninety-four. Though the world seems to be in a hell of a shape just now, I nonetheless prefer to delay my exit for as long as I can. I like it here, continue to find much that is interesting and amusing, and have no wish to depart the planet.

Still, with advancing years I have found my interests narrowing. Not least among my waning interests is that in travel. I like my domestic routine too much to abandon it for foreign countries where the natives figure to be wearing Air Jordan shoes, Ralph Lauren shirts, and cargo pants. Magazines that I once looked forward to, many of which I have written for in the past, no longer contain much that I find worth reading. A former moviegoer, I haven’t been to a movie theater in at least a decade. The high price of concert and opera tickets has driven me away. The supposedly great American playwrights—Arthur Miller, Tennessee Williams, Eugene O’Neill, Edward Albee—have never seemed all that good to me, and I miss them not at all. If all this sounds like a complaint that the culture has deserted me, I don’t feel that it has. I can still listen to my beloved Mozart on discs, read Tolstoy, Jane Austen, Dickens, George Eliot, Willa Cather, and the other great novelists, watch the splendid movies of earlier days on Turner Classics and HBO—live, in other words, on the culture of the past.

“Vho needs dis?” Igor Stravinsky is supposed to have remarked when presented with some new phenomena of the avant-garde or other work in the realm of art without obvious benefit. “Vho needs dis?” is a question that occurred to me more than once or twice as I wrote my autobiography. All I can say is that those who read my autobiography will read of the life of a man lucky enough to have devoted the better part of his days to fitting words together into sentences, sentences into paragraphs, and paragraphs into essays and stories on a wide variety of topics. Now in his autobiography all the sentences and paragraphs are about his own life. He hopes that these sentences are well made, these paragraphs have a point, and together they attain to a respectable truth quotient, containing no falsehoods whatsoever. He hopes that, on these modest grounds at least, his autobiography qualifies as worth reading.

Joseph Epstein  is author of  Gallimaufry , a collection of essays and reviews.

Image by  Museum Rotterdam on Wikimedia Commons , licensed via Creative Commons . Image cropped. 

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things to write a classification essay on

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Becca Rothfeld: ‘a philosopher, polemicist and wit’

All Things Are Too Small by Becca Rothfeld review – bracing and brilliant essay collection

The iconoclastic US author’s intellectually poised critique of minimalism boasts scintillating writing of breadth and power

B ecca Rothfeld is a dynamo. I had not come across her before picking up All Things Are Too Small and was unprepared for the book’s extraordinary clout and reach. She is an American journalist (a contributor to the New Yorker and the New York Times and a critic on the Washington Post ), a philosopher, polemicist and a wit. She challenges, in this bracing, original and intellectually poised collection of essays, many of our unquestioning modern assumptions and, most persuasively, takes aim at the promotion of minimalism as an ideal for our living spaces, novels and ourselves.

Nothing, in Rothfeld’s view, succeeds like excess and she packs so much into her opening essay about why it is OK to want more (the most extravagant of Oliver Twists) that you feel richly fed before even turning the first page. She includes the 13th-century Dutch mystic Hadewijch of Brabant ( from whom her title is taken ), Herman Melville’s Moby-Dick , the critic James Wood and even makes time to sympathise with a random man sighted in a restaurant who wolfed down three dishes of pasta in a row, commenting that he wouldn’t have had to have third helpings “if any plate available were big enough”.

Inevitably, Rothfeld, revelling in plurality, does not neglect to launch a scornful attack on an obvious target: tidying guru Marie Kondo . She claims to be nonplussed by Kondo’s notorious method, which she describes as “touching items to determine whether they ‘spark joy’, then summarily tossing anything that induces more complex emotions, or, God forbid, thought”. To be thought-free is something of which Rothfeld herself is incapable. She rails against blank-slateism. She notes that “the mechanism by which tossing old T-shirts is supposed to effect rebirth remains hazy”. She broods about whether “stuffing the local landfill is sufficient to effect widespread egalitarian overhaul”. And there is – naturally – more. She convincingly laments the decluttering of contemporary literature, which she believes has produced many self-involved, overpruned and fragmented novels. She includes a respectful yet highly critical and underwhelmed essay on Sally Rooney and her “politically anodyne” work.

I enjoy trying to declutter and recognise the value of mindfulness (a decluttering, with any luck, of the mind) but this did not spoil my delight at her refreshingly unconvinced essay on the subject. She describes her “virtuous boredom” trying to meditate and absolute lack of interest in what her own breath is doing. Above all, she denounces the way that meditation, as she sees it, encourages a defeatist passivity. In a fiercely unequal world, she argues, trying to persuade people to accept unfair circumstances is unacceptable. Mindfulness “falsely assumes that our dissatisfaction is always attributable to mental mismanagement, never to circumstances of genuine injustice”.

Elsewhere, Rothfeld writes where devils fear to tread – about sex, beauty and desire and about consumption and consummation. There is a brilliant and startling essay, The Flesh, It Makes You Crazy, which includes a description of the lust she feels for her husband. I kept wondering how he might feel about this tribute (imagining him, sitting in armchair, hands over eyes). The obvious question she gives rise to is: can you have – or be – too much of a good thing? She writes scaldingly about “new puritan” writers Christine Emba and Louise Perry, and emphasises that the erotic is “its own wild creature, for which there is (and can be) no established idiom”. She exposes the stifling conservatism of Emba and Perry and the tyranny to which their prudish conclusions lead.

In the acknowledgments, Rothfeld thanks her editor for “trusting me to write at ecstatic length”. And it is part of her scintillating achievement, in this book of appetite, to make one vow never again to use the phrase “less is more” under any circumstances. And yet, having said that, it is also the case – whisper it – that Rothfeld, who writes with such zest, could have got away with painlessly trimming one or two of these essays. And this is because, as a brilliant and decisive iconoclast, she also has the potential to be precisely what she would like to avoid: a compendious miniaturist.

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    The classification essay opens with a paragraph that introduces the broader topic. The thesis should then explain how that topic is divided into subgroups and why. Take the following introductory paragraph, for example: Example 4.5.1 4.5. 1: When people think of New York, they often think of only New York City.

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  24. Writing My Autobiography by Joseph Epstein

    The essay attracted a vast number of letters in opposition, and a man named Merle Miller, who claimed I was calling for genocide of homosexuals, wrote a book based on the essay. Gore Vidal, never known for his temperate reasoning, claimed my argument was ad Hitlerum .

  25. All Things Are Too Small by Becca Rothfeld review

    B ecca Rothfeld is a dynamo. I had not come across her before picking up All Things Are Too Small and was unprepared for the book's extraordinary clout and reach. She is an American journalist ...