develop ideas for an essay

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Essay Writing

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The Modes of Discourse—Exposition, Description, Narration, Argumentation (EDNA)—are common paper assignments you may encounter in your writing classes. Although these genres have been criticized by some composition scholars, the Purdue OWL recognizes the wide spread use of these approaches and students’ need to understand and produce them.

This resource begins with a general description of essay writing and moves to a discussion of common essay genres students may encounter across the curriculum. The four genres of essays (description, narration, exposition, and argumentation) are common paper assignments you may encounter in your writing classes. Although these genres, also known as the modes of discourse, have been criticized by some composition scholars, the Purdue OWL recognizes the wide spread use of these genres and students’ need to understand and produce these types of essays. We hope these resources will help.

The essay is a commonly assigned form of writing that every student will encounter while in academia. Therefore, it is wise for the student to become capable and comfortable with this type of writing early on in her training.

Essays can be a rewarding and challenging type of writing and are often assigned either to be done in class, which requires previous planning and practice (and a bit of creativity) on the part of the student, or as homework, which likewise demands a certain amount of preparation. Many poorly crafted essays have been produced on account of a lack of preparation and confidence. However, students can avoid the discomfort often associated with essay writing by understanding some common genres.

Before delving into its various genres, let’s begin with a basic definition of the essay.

What is an essay?

Though the word essay has come to be understood as a type of writing in Modern English, its origins provide us with some useful insights. The word comes into the English language through the French influence on Middle English; tracing it back further, we find that the French form of the word comes from the Latin verb exigere , which means "to examine, test, or (literally) to drive out." Through the excavation of this ancient word, we are able to unearth the essence of the academic essay: to encourage students to test or examine their ideas concerning a particular topic.

Essays are shorter pieces of writing that often require the student to hone a number of skills such as close reading, analysis, comparison and contrast, persuasion, conciseness, clarity, and exposition. As is evidenced by this list of attributes, there is much to be gained by the student who strives to succeed at essay writing.

The purpose of an essay is to encourage students to develop ideas and concepts in their writing with the direction of little more than their own thoughts (it may be helpful to view the essay as the converse of a research paper). Therefore, essays are (by nature) concise and require clarity in purpose and direction. This means that there is no room for the student’s thoughts to wander or stray from his or her purpose; the writing must be deliberate and interesting.

This handout should help students become familiar and comfortable with the process of essay composition through the introduction of some common essay genres.

This handout includes a brief introduction to the following genres of essay writing:

• Expository essays
• Descriptive essays
• Narrative essays
• Argumentative (Persuasive) essays

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Gallery Teachers

8 ways to help students generate ideas for an essay

Students often overlook brainstorming ideas before starting to write their essay, so their work lacks interest, clarity, and coherence…

Having taught exam classes since 2014, I have found that a common problem across all ages and levels, was the lack of a brainstorming and planning stage before writing an essay.

Although I would often remind my students that planning goes a long way, and encouraged them to brainstorm and organize their ideas, they would overlook this stage and start writing their essay immediately. As a result, their work lacked interest, clarity, and coherence.

“But nobody will be there to help students generate ideas during the exam..”

Some teachers believe that students should have no support at this stage, because it cushions them against making real effort and does not mirror real-life situations. I would argue that although students need to learn to cope, the classroom should be a place where they receive training and develop confidence before they can do so.

In this article, I will propose eight different and engaging techniques you can use to help your students generate ideas before writing their essay.

1). Teach the basics

Remind students that when they start planning their essay, they need to:

• Brainstorm and write down ideas, e.g., by using a mind map, a list, or a diagram
• Select the ones they will use
• Prioritise: which one is key, and which one is secondary?

2). Group brainstorming

Give students the topic and elicit ideas. This can be done in a variety of ways:

• Students write their ideas on the whiteboard, e.g., a mind map or a diagram
• Students call out ideas and the teacher records them on the whiteboard
• Students use a collaborative whiteboard like Google Jamboard and type their ideas on sticky notes

Why is this useful?

Students joining forces can be hugely beneficial for generating ideas, especially if it is a large class.

3). Give them something to read

That could be a relevant social media post , or a short article on the given topic, which would help produce ideas. There are a lot of free resources available online. Twitter and Facebook are packed with controversial posts, so keep an eye out for them.

Useful because:

Students will be exposed to topic-related language input and will ill also notice spelling of words they intend to use. The content might trigger reactions and stimulate more ideas.

4). Give them something to watch or listen to

Play a topic-related video, Ted Talk or podcast. Use the accessibility versus acceptability sequence (Anderson and Lynch, 1988).

Accessibility

Ask them to first focus on factual content, i.e., what ideas are presented in this text/video?

Acceptability

Students react to the text: Do you agree or disagree? What suggestions can you come up with?

It ensures a balance of skills: listening or watching, speaking and later writing and reading their draft.

5). Use pictures

Give students the topic and then show some relevant photographs that you have found online. Ask them to describe what they see and how the scenes are connected to the topic.

Pictures can trigger imagination and stimulate creative thinking. They are also ideal for mixed ability classes, as there is no language input, only a visual element that needs to be translated into words. Finally, pictures encourage learners to visualize when writing, seeing with their “mind’s eye”.

6). Use the Jigsaw technique

For controversial issues, I recommend the ProCon.org website.

• Select a category, e.g., Health, and choose a topic, e.g., Vaccines for kids
• You will find a list of pro and con arguments. Select some that you think are the most relevant or interesting and create a handout. You will need to adapt/simplify the text for lower levels
• Cut up the handout into parts for a jigsaw reading activity
• Divide students into pairs or groups. Give them a different part so that each student reads a different text, for instance, two advantages or disadvantages of a given topic
• They get back together in pairs/groups, exchange information about what they read, select the key ideas they would like to use, and write a group essay together

Alternatively, you can record yourself or another colleague reading the texts and make this a jigsaw listening .

ProCon.org is a rich resource from which students can benefit in class or use for homework. The jigsaw is a communicative activity that will make this stage more interesting and motivating for students.

7). Web search

Provide the topic and give students five minutes to use their mobile devices to carry out a quick web search.

There is an abundance of resources online. Web quests are constructive and authentic, something we do in real life when looking for information. Students will be exposed to a lot of input quickly and will learn to filter out unimportant details and focus on the key ideas, thus developing critical thinking.

8). L1-L2 group brainstorming

Provide the topic and give students five minutes to brainstorm ideas in groups. Tell them:

• They can talk in L1 if they prefer
• Or they can talk in L2, and switch to L1 when they do not know the L2 equivalent (code-switching)

According to studies, code-switching or using L1 can facilitate brainstorming (Blot, Zárate and Paulus, 2003). Students will realise that they can use L1 as a resource from which they can pull ideas.

It is hoped that students will gradually form the habit of generating ideas about a topic before they start writing, by reflecting on whether they have:

• Read a relevant article or social media post
• Watched a relevant ted talk or listened to a podcast
• Seen any topic-related pictures and if not, try to create mental images about the topic

At the same time, by doing these activities, they will be exposed to language input which will help enrich their vocabulary.

• Anderson, A. and Lynch, T. (1998). Listening . Oxford: Oxford University Press
• Blot, K., Zárate, M. and Paulus, P., 2003. Code-Switching Across Brainstorming Sessions: Implications for the Revised Hierarchical Model of Bilingual Language
• Processing.  Experimental Psychology , 50(3), pp.171-183

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36 Writing the Essay Body: Supporting Your Ideas

Whether the drafting of a paragraph begins with a main idea or whether that idea surfaces in the revision process, once you have that main idea, you’ll want to make sure that the idea has enough support. The job of the paragraph body is to develop and support the topic. Here’s one way that you might think about it:

• Topic sentence : what is the main claim of your paragraph; what is the most important idea that you want your readers to take away from this paragraph?
• Support in the form of evidence : how can you prove that your claim or idea is true (or important, or noteworthy, or relevant)?
• Support in the form of analysis or evaluation : what discussion can you provide that helps your readers see the connection between the evidence and your claim?
• Transition : how can you help your readers move from the idea you’re currently discussing to the next idea presented? For more specific discussion about transitions, see the following section on “ Transitions .”

For more on methods of development that can help you to develop and organize your ideas within paragraphs, see “ Patterns of Organization and Methods of Development ” later in this text.

Types of support might include

Now that we have a good idea what it means to develop support for the main ideas of your paragraphs, let’s talk about how to make sure that those supporting details are solid and convincing.

Strong vs. Weak Support

What questions will your readers have? What will they need to know? What makes for good supporting details? Why might readers consider some evidence to be weak?

If you’re already developing paragraphs, it’s likely that you already have a plan for your essay, at least at the most basic level. You know what your topic is, you might have a working thesis, and you probably have at least a couple of supporting ideas in mind that will further develop and support your thesis.

So imagine you’re developing a paragraph on one of these supporting ideas and you need to make sure that the support that you develop for this idea is solid. Considering some of the points about understanding and appealing to your audience (from the Audience and Purpose and the Prewriting sections of this text) can also be helpful in determining what your readers will consider good support and what they’ll consider to be weak. Here are some tips on what to strive for and what to avoid when it comes to supporting details.

Breaking, Combining, or Beginning New Paragraphs

Like sentence length, paragraph length varies. There is no single ideal length for “the perfect paragraph.”  There are some general guidelines, however.

Some writing handbooks or resources suggest that a paragraph should be at least three or four sentences; others suggest that 100 to 200 words is a good target to shoot for.

In academic writing, paragraphs tend to be longer, while in less formal or less complex writing, such as in a newspaper, paragraphs tend to be much shorter. Two-thirds to three-fourths of a page—or seven to twelve sentences—is usually a good target length for paragraphs at your current level of academic writing.

The amount of space needed to develop one idea will likely be different than the amount of space needed to develop another. So when is a paragraph complete? The answer is: when it’s fully developed. The guidelines above for providing good support should help.

Signs to end a paragraph and start a new one:

• You’re ready to begin developing a new idea.
• You want to emphasize a point by setting it apart.
• You’re getting ready to continue discussing the same idea but in a different way (e.g., shifting from comparison to contrast).
• You notice that your current paragraph is getting too long (more than three-fourths of a page or so), and you think your writers will need a visual break.

Signs to combine paragraphs include:

• You notice that some of your paragraphs appear to be short and choppy.
• You have multiple paragraphs on the same topic.
• You have undeveloped material that needs to be united under a clear topic.

Finally, paragraph number is a lot like paragraph length. You may have been asked in the past to write a five-paragraph essay. There’s nothing inherently wrong with a five-paragraph essay, but just like sentence length and paragraph length, the number of paragraphs in an essay depends upon what’s needed to get the job done. There’s really no way to know that until you start writing. So try not to worry too much about the proper length and number of things unless those are specified in your assignment. Just start writing and see where the essay and the paragraphs take you. There will be plenty of time to sort out the organization in the revision process. You’re not trying to fit pegs into holes here. You’re letting your ideas unfold. Give yourself—and them—the space to let that happen.

Text Attributions

• This chapter was adapted from “ The Paragraph Body: Supporting Your Ideas ” in The Word on College Reading and Writing by Carol Burnell, Jaime Wood, Monique Babin, Susan Pesznecker, and Nicole Rosevear, which is licensed under a CC BY-NC 4.0 Licence . Adapted by Allison Kilgannon.

Advanced English Copyright © 2021 by Allison Kilgannon is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.

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Howe Center for Writing Excellence

Developing your ideas.

Is your essay too short? Has the instructor asked you to "develop" or expand on points in your paper? Are you not sure what else you can say about your topic? It's possible you need to do some more research so you'll have more material to include—you can visit a research librarian to help you find more sources. More than likely, though, you need to say more about the points you're already making. But don't simply repeat or add fluffy language to reach your page count. Your instructors want to see you provide depth and analysis about your topic. This handout provides various strategies for developing your thoughts, giving you more rich material to write about.

Types of Development

• Details:  Ask yourself the Five W’s and How: Who? Where? What? When? Why? and How? Be specific and thorough.

Peter, an overly anxious person, sat trembling in the old decrepit gymnasium on the coldest of fall mornings, awaiting the ACT—a test he know he needed to do well on to enter college.

• Amplification:  Expand a previous idea by sticking with it in subsequent sentences:

College is frustrating. It takes a lot of time and energy. However, students continue to apply.

• Appealing to Emotion:  What images, ideas, events, and memories do you want to trigger in your readers’ mind?

The fact remains—a student drops out of high school every 26 seconds in the U.S. (“11 Facts About High School Dropout Rates”).

• Analysis:  To develop your argument, reflect on the significance of quotes, facts, ideas, and broader claims you are making. Ask yourself, “What does this quote or idea or statistic really mean? Why did I include it or think it important to my point?"

The Reds' baseball home opener drew in countless spectators—a sea of red. Yet why Cincinnati? Historically, professional baseball players were quite invested in their communities, much like Cincinnati is known by its neighborhoods today.

• Citing Authority:  What major authority figures (e.g. scholars, book editors, politicians, scientists) will support your argument?

The surgeon general claims…

• Analogy:  Make an argument based on the similarity of one thing to another.

Applying for graduate school is like searching for a partner: it’s a courtship. You need to work at it, remaining patient. Research the school online; schedule a visit, meet with a professor or student in person. You will find your match eventually.

• Qualification:  Cover all your bases. Especially if you are making a new or bold argument that goes against the trend, you want to qualify what you are saying to limit your reader’s interpretations (that is, so they don’t take your ideas out of context).

I by no means want to suggest that all teachers lack organizational skills.

• Application:  Readers often like to imagine or consider what you are saying in practice.

If an athlete were to apply Dr. X’s theory to athletic training practices, she would find it quite difficult to actually perform Dr. X's theoretical ideas in a real-world context.

• Talking It Out.  Sometimes you just need to “bounce ideas back and forth” with someone. Consider asking a classmate or friend if you can “talk out” your argument. You will be surprised just how helpful it can be to articulate your ideas out loud. Howe Writing Center consultants are specially trained to help with this "back and forth" of ideas—consider making an appointment to practice this strategy.
• Diagramming.  Especially if you are trying to add more detail to your writing, make a list of as many descriptions, ideas, or sources (even if only books or articles you want to read at a later point). Who/What are the key figures in a debate? What are the most essential elements of your story?
• Free Writing.  Without worrying about grammar or organization, “free write” about a topic for 10-15 minutes. Just write down whatever comes to mind, even if your sentences feel fragmented. Reread your writing. Pick out a sentence or idea and write about that for another 10-15 minutes. Continue reading and writing to see how far your free-flowing ideas can take you.
• Looking to Models.  Look up an academic article or another piece of writing typical of your field of study or current type of project (many articles found through the library databases work well). How are other scholars/writers developing their ideas? How do they back their claims?
• Interviewing.  There are of course multiple types of “sources” (e.g. books, articles, digital media, as well as people). To develop your ideas on a specific topic—especially if your research is new and cutting edge—interviewing to gain insight can glean quite productive results. Remember to get permission from anyone you interview to use their words (also remember to follow university protocol for ethical research practices).
• Researching (Internet and Library Resources).  While a “Google search” is often an appropriate starting point, the library databases contain countless articles and research data you can access to give your paper authority and depth. Don't hesitate to contact a librarian or make an appointment with the Howe Writing Center for help with this strategy.

Developing Ideas for Writing

Prewriting definition.

Prewriting means just what it says—it’s the writing that occurs before you actually write a draft. Richard Nordquist writes that

“In composition, the term prewriting refers to any activity that helps a writer think about a topic, determine a purpose, analyze an audience, and prepare to write.  Prewriting is closely related to the art of invention in classical rhetoric.

‘The objective of prewriting,’ according to Roger Caswell and Brenda Mahler, ‘is to prepare students for writing by allowing them to discover what they know and what else they need to know. Prewriting invites exploration and promotes the motivation to write’ ( Strategies for Teaching Writing , 2004).” [1]

In order to explore and identify what might be fruitful ideas for writing, I tend to jot concepts, phrases, and notes to myself.  Sometimes I draw linkages to connect related ideas. Other writers tend to just write in order to explore and identify patterns of thought. Still other writers list out all of the concepts and information they can think of around a certain topic, and then narrow and refine their lists. Others start writing a really “drafty draft” of an essay, and then circle back into prewriting strategies to develop ideas. Any prewriting strategy is fine, depending on “how your mind thinks” and how you like to discover and explore ideas.

Prewriting Processes

(text from here to end of page © Empire State College)

How do writers develop ideas for writing? Writers use many techniques, and it’s a bet that most of the techniques involve writing itself. Think of a composer creating ideas for a song by playing notes on a piano keyboard. Think of a sculptor creating ideas for a statue by shaping and reshaping pieces of clay. Think of a quilter creating ideas for a quilt pattern by arranging and rearranging different snippets of fabric. All creative endeavors go through preliminary stages in which creators generate ideas, discard some, and play with others that capture their imaginations or that seem to “fit the bill.” Each creator develops ideas by getting immersed and “doodling” in the particular medium. And writing is no different. In writer’s terms, that preliminary stage of idea development is called “prewriting.”

Prewriting usually is messy in terms of having ideas scattered all over the place–think of the quilter with pieces of fabric all over the living room floor. For a lot of people, it’s liberating to be messy and not worry about logic, pattern, or final form. That’s the purpose of prewriting, to be as free-ranging as possible in generating ideas. If you’re aggravated by mess, then prewriting can be thought of as pre-planning, as a means of generating the ideas and data that will help you create the essay draft. Either way, prewriting is a stage of idea incubation, a way to generate ideas and capture your thoughts through writing.

Ideas for writing develop in many ways, and prewriting techniques reflect the different ways in which ideas can develop. Some forms of prewriting are intended to help you bring subconscious ideas and interests into consciousness (some forms help if you tend to draw a blank when you’re asked to “write about what interests you”):

• Freewriting
• Brainstorming
• Clustering/mapping
• Maintaining a personal journal

Other forms of prewriting are intended to help you generate your own ideas in response to others’ ideas:

• Responding to a text
• Maintaining a response journal

Still other forms of prewriting are intended to help you both generate and focus ideas about a subject that you’ve already chosen:

• Asking questions about a subject
• Making a list
• Idea Matrix for College Writing
• Working with Prewriting

The following videos explain different strategies for prewriting. Although you’ll read about these strategies and more in the upcoming pages, these videos provide a good introduction to some basic approaches to prewriting.

[1] Nordquist, Richard. “Prewriting (Composition).” Glossary of Grammatical and Rhetorical Terms , ThoughtCo., 6 Mar. 2017, www.thoughtco.com/prewriting-composition-1691676.

• Developing Ideas for Writing. Text under Prewriting Definition. Authored by : Susan Oaks. Provided by : Empire State College, SUNY OER Services. Project : College Writing. License : CC BY-NC: Attribution-NonCommercial
• image of student at computer, biting a pencil. Authored by : JESHOOTScom. Provided by : Pixabay. Located at : https://pixabay.com/en/laptop-woman-education-study-young-3087585/ . License : CC0: No Rights Reserved
• image of lightbulb inside of an idea bubble drawn on a blackboard. Authored by : TeroVesalainen. Provided by : Pixabay. Located at : https://pixabay.com/en/thought-idea-innovation-imagination-2123970/ . License : CC0: No Rights Reserved
• image of quilting fabric and tools. Authored by : adonyig. Provided by : Pixabay. Located at : https://pixabay.com/en/quilting-mood-sewing-thread-2482472/ . License : CC0: No Rights Reserved
• video Prewriting Strategies. Authored by : Leslie Cox. Located at : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQJSrQT9loI . License : Other . License Terms : YouTube video
• video Prewriting Techniques. Authored by : Tamara Harvell. Located at : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9pSfRAB2ABU . License : Other . License Terms : YouTube video
• Text under Prewriting Processes. Authored by : Susan Oaks, Elaine Handley. Provided by : Empire State College. Located at : https://www.esc.edu/online-writing-center/resources/academic-writing/process/prewriting-developing-ideas/ . Project : Writing Resources. License : All Rights Reserved . License Terms : Copyright, Empire State College. Used with permission.

The Paragraph Body: Supporting Your Ideas

Whether the drafting of a paragraph begins with a main idea or whether that idea surfaces in the revision process, once you have that main idea, you’ll want to make sure that the idea has enough support. The job of the paragraph body is to develop and support the topic. Here’s one way that you might think about it:

• Topic sentence : what is the main claim of your paragraph; what is the most important idea that you want your readers to take away from this paragraph?
• Support in the form of evidence : how can you prove that your claim or idea is true (or important, or noteworthy, or relevant)?
• Support in the form of analysis or evaluation : what discussion can you provide that helps your readers see the connection between the evidence and your claim?
• Transition : how can you help your readers move from the idea you’re currently discussing to the next idea presented? (For more specific discussion about transitions, see the following section on “ Developing Relationships between Ideas ”).

For more on methods of development  that can help you to develop and organize your ideas within paragraphs, see “Patterns of Organization and Methods of Development” later in this section of this text.

Types of support might include

• Statistics.
• Quotations.

Now that we have a good idea what it means to develop support for the main ideas of your paragraphs, let’s talk about how to make sure that those supporting details are solid and convincing.

Good vs. Weak Support

What questions will your readers have? What will they need to know? What makes for good supporting details? Why might readers consider some evidence to be weak?

If you’re already developing paragraphs, it’s likely that you already have a plan for your essay, at least at the most basic level. You know what your topic is, you might have a working thesis, and you probably have at least a couple of supporting ideas in mind that will further develop and support your thesis.

So imagine you’re developing a paragraph on one of these supporting ideas and you need to make sure that the support that you develop for this idea is solid. Considering some of the points about understanding and appealing to your audience (from the Audience and Purpose and the Prewriting sections of this text) can also be helpful in determining what your readers will consider good support and what they’ll consider to be weak. Here are some tips on what to strive for and what to avoid when it comes to supporting details.

Breaking, Combining, or Beginning New Paragraphs

Like sentence length, paragraph length varies. There is no single ideal length for “the perfect paragraph.”  There are some general guidelines, however. Some writing handbooks or resources suggest that a paragraph should be at least three or four sentences; others suggest that 100 to 200 words is a good target to shoot for. In academic writing, paragraphs tend to be longer, while in less formal or less complex writing, such as in a newspaper, paragraphs tend to be much shorter. Two-thirds to three-fourths of a page is usually a good target length for paragraphs at your current level of college writing. If your readers can’t see a paragraph break on the page, they might wonder if the paragraph is ever going to end or they might lose interest.

The most important thing to keep in mind here is that the amount of space needed to develop one idea will likely be different than the amount of space needed to develop another. So when is a paragraph complete? The answer is, when it’s fully developed. The guidelines above for providing good support should help.

Some signals that it’s time to end a paragraph and start a new one include that

• You’re ready to begin developing a new idea.
• You want to emphasize a point by setting it apart.
• You’re getting ready to continue discussing the same idea but in a different way (e.g. shifting from comparison to contrast).
• You notice that your current paragraph is getting too long (more than three-fourths of a page or so), and you think your writers will need a visual break.

Some signals that you may want to combine paragraphs include that

• You notice that some of your paragraphs appear to be short and choppy.
• You have multiple paragraphs on the same topic.
• You have undeveloped material that needs to be united under a clear topic.

Finally, paragraph number is a lot like paragraph length. You may have been asked in the past to write a five-paragraph essay. There’s nothing inherently wrong with a five-paragraph essay, but just like sentence length and paragraph length, the number of paragraphs in an essay depends upon what’s needed to get the job done. There’s really no way to know that until you start writing. So try not to worry too much about the proper length and number of things. Just start writing and see where the essay and the paragraphs take you. There will be plenty of time to sort out the organization in the revision process. You’re not trying to fit pegs into holes here. You’re letting your ideas unfold. Give yourself—and them—the space to let that happen.

The Word on College Reading and Writing Copyright © by Carol Burnell, Jaime Wood, Monique Babin, Susan Pesznecker, and Nicole Rosevear is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.

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• Knowledge Base
• How to structure an essay: Templates and tips

How to Structure an Essay | Tips & Templates

Published on September 18, 2020 by Jack Caulfield . Revised on July 23, 2023.

The basic structure of an essay always consists of an introduction , a body , and a conclusion . But for many students, the most difficult part of structuring an essay is deciding how to organize information within the body.

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Table of contents

The basics of essay structure, chronological structure, compare-and-contrast structure, problems-methods-solutions structure, signposting to clarify your structure, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about essay structure.

There are two main things to keep in mind when working on your essay structure: making sure to include the right information in each part, and deciding how you’ll organize the information within the body.

Parts of an essay

The three parts that make up all essays are described in the table below.

Order of information

You’ll also have to consider how to present information within the body. There are a few general principles that can guide you here.

The first is that your argument should move from the simplest claim to the most complex . The body of a good argumentative essay often begins with simple and widely accepted claims, and then moves towards more complex and contentious ones.

For example, you might begin by describing a generally accepted philosophical concept, and then apply it to a new topic. The grounding in the general concept will allow the reader to understand your unique application of it.

The second principle is that background information should appear towards the beginning of your essay . General background is presented in the introduction. If you have additional background to present, this information will usually come at the start of the body.

The third principle is that everything in your essay should be relevant to the thesis . Ask yourself whether each piece of information advances your argument or provides necessary background. And make sure that the text clearly expresses each piece of information’s relevance.

The sections below present several organizational templates for essays: the chronological approach, the compare-and-contrast approach, and the problems-methods-solutions approach.

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The chronological approach (sometimes called the cause-and-effect approach) is probably the simplest way to structure an essay. It just means discussing events in the order in which they occurred, discussing how they are related (i.e. the cause and effect involved) as you go.

A chronological approach can be useful when your essay is about a series of events. Don’t rule out other approaches, though—even when the chronological approach is the obvious one, you might be able to bring out more with a different structure.

Explore the tabs below to see a general template and a specific example outline from an essay on the invention of the printing press.

• Thesis statement
• Discussion of event/period
• Consequences
• Importance of topic
• Strong closing statement
• Claim that the printing press marks the end of the Middle Ages
• Background on the low levels of literacy before the printing press
• Thesis statement: The invention of the printing press increased circulation of information in Europe, paving the way for the Reformation
• High levels of illiteracy in medieval Europe
• Literacy and thus knowledge and education were mainly the domain of religious and political elites
• Consequence: this discouraged political and religious change
• Invention of the printing press in 1440 by Johannes Gutenberg
• Implications of the new technology for book production
• Consequence: Rapid spread of the technology and the printing of the Gutenberg Bible
• Trend for translating the Bible into vernacular languages during the years following the printing press’s invention
• Luther’s own translation of the Bible during the Reformation
• Consequence: The large-scale effects the Reformation would have on religion and politics
• Summarize the history described
• Stress the significance of the printing press to the events of this period

Essays with two or more main subjects are often structured around comparing and contrasting . For example, a literary analysis essay might compare two different texts, and an argumentative essay might compare the strengths of different arguments.

There are two main ways of structuring a compare-and-contrast essay: the alternating method, and the block method.

Alternating

In the alternating method, each paragraph compares your subjects in terms of a specific point of comparison. These points of comparison are therefore what defines each paragraph.

The tabs below show a general template for this structure, and a specific example for an essay comparing and contrasting distance learning with traditional classroom learning.

• Synthesis of arguments
• Topical relevance of distance learning in lockdown
• Increasing prevalence of distance learning over the last decade
• Thesis statement: While distance learning has certain advantages, it introduces multiple new accessibility issues that must be addressed for it to be as effective as classroom learning
• Classroom learning: Ease of identifying difficulties and privately discussing them
• Distance learning: Difficulty of noticing and unobtrusively helping
• Classroom learning: Difficulties accessing the classroom (disability, distance travelled from home)
• Distance learning: Difficulties with online work (lack of tech literacy, unreliable connection, distractions)
• Classroom learning: Tends to encourage personal engagement among students and with teacher, more relaxed social environment
• Distance learning: Greater ability to reach out to teacher privately
• Sum up, emphasize that distance learning introduces more difficulties than it solves
• Stress the importance of addressing issues with distance learning as it becomes increasingly common
• Distance learning may prove to be the future, but it still has a long way to go

In the block method, each subject is covered all in one go, potentially across multiple paragraphs. For example, you might write two paragraphs about your first subject and then two about your second subject, making comparisons back to the first.

The tabs again show a general template, followed by another essay on distance learning, this time with the body structured in blocks.

• Point 1 (compare)
• Point 2 (compare)
• Point 3 (compare)
• Point 4 (compare)
• Advantages: Flexibility, accessibility
• Disadvantages: Discomfort, challenges for those with poor internet or tech literacy
• Advantages: Potential for teacher to discuss issues with a student in a separate private call
• Disadvantages: Difficulty of identifying struggling students and aiding them unobtrusively, lack of personal interaction among students
• Advantages: More accessible to those with low tech literacy, equality of all sharing one learning environment
• Disadvantages: Students must live close enough to attend, commutes may vary, classrooms not always accessible for disabled students
• Advantages: Ease of picking up on signs a student is struggling, more personal interaction among students
• Disadvantages: May be harder for students to approach teacher privately in person to raise issues

An essay that concerns a specific problem (practical or theoretical) may be structured according to the problems-methods-solutions approach.

This is just what it sounds like: You define the problem, characterize a method or theory that may solve it, and finally analyze the problem, using this method or theory to arrive at a solution. If the problem is theoretical, the solution might be the analysis you present in the essay itself; otherwise, you might just present a proposed solution.

The tabs below show a template for this structure and an example outline for an essay about the problem of fake news.

• Introduce the problem
• Provide background
• Describe your approach to solving it
• Define the problem precisely
• Describe why it’s important
• Indicate previous approaches to the problem
• Present your new approach, and why it’s better
• Apply the new method or theory to the problem
• Indicate the solution you arrive at by doing so
• Assess (potential or actual) effectiveness of solution
• Describe the implications
• Problem: The growth of “fake news” online
• Prevalence of polarized/conspiracy-focused news sources online
• Thesis statement: Rather than attempting to stamp out online fake news through social media moderation, an effective approach to combating it must work with educational institutions to improve media literacy
• Definition: Deliberate disinformation designed to spread virally online
• Popularization of the term, growth of the phenomenon
• Previous approaches: Labeling and moderation on social media platforms
• Critique: This approach feeds conspiracies; the real solution is to improve media literacy so users can better identify fake news
• Greater emphasis should be placed on media literacy education in schools
• This allows people to assess news sources independently, rather than just being told which ones to trust
• This is a long-term solution but could be highly effective
• It would require significant organization and investment, but would equip people to judge news sources more effectively
• Rather than trying to contain the spread of fake news, we must teach the next generation not to fall for it

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Signposting means guiding the reader through your essay with language that describes or hints at the structure of what follows.  It can help you clarify your structure for yourself as well as helping your reader follow your ideas.

The essay overview

In longer essays whose body is split into multiple named sections, the introduction often ends with an overview of the rest of the essay. This gives a brief description of the main idea or argument of each section.

The overview allows the reader to immediately understand what will be covered in the essay and in what order. Though it describes what  comes later in the text, it is generally written in the present tense . The following example is from a literary analysis essay on Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein .

Transitions

Transition words and phrases are used throughout all good essays to link together different ideas. They help guide the reader through your text, and an essay that uses them effectively will be much easier to follow.

Various different relationships can be expressed by transition words, as shown in this example.

Because Hitler failed to respond to the British ultimatum, France and the UK declared war on Germany. Although it was an outcome the Allies had hoped to avoid, they were prepared to back up their ultimatum in order to combat the existential threat posed by the Third Reich.

Transition sentences may be included to transition between different paragraphs or sections of an essay. A good transition sentence moves the reader on to the next topic while indicating how it relates to the previous one.

… Distance learning, then, seems to improve accessibility in some ways while representing a step backwards in others.

However , considering the issue of personal interaction among students presents a different picture.

If you want to know more about AI tools , college essays , or fallacies make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples or go directly to our tools!

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The structure of an essay is divided into an introduction that presents your topic and thesis statement , a body containing your in-depth analysis and arguments, and a conclusion wrapping up your ideas.

The structure of the body is flexible, but you should always spend some time thinking about how you can organize your essay to best serve your ideas.

An essay isn’t just a loose collection of facts and ideas. Instead, it should be centered on an overarching argument (summarized in your thesis statement ) that every part of the essay relates to.

The way you structure your essay is crucial to presenting your argument coherently. A well-structured essay helps your reader follow the logic of your ideas and understand your overall point.

Comparisons in essays are generally structured in one of two ways:

• The alternating method, where you compare your subjects side by side according to one specific aspect at a time.
• The block method, where you cover each subject separately in its entirety.

It’s also possible to combine both methods, for example by writing a full paragraph on each of your topics and then a final paragraph contrasting the two according to a specific metric.

You should try to follow your outline as you write your essay . However, if your ideas change or it becomes clear that your structure could be better, it’s okay to depart from your essay outline . Just make sure you know why you’re doing so.

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Ultimate Guide to Writing Your College Essay

Tips for writing an effective college essay.

College admissions essays are an important part of your college application and gives you the chance to show colleges and universities your character and experiences. This guide will give you tips to write an effective college essay.

Want free help with your college essay?

UPchieve connects you with knowledgeable and friendly college advisors—online, 24/7, and completely free. Get 1:1 help brainstorming topics, outlining your essay, revising a draft, or editing grammar.

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Avoiding common admissions essay mistakes

Learn some of the most common mistakes made on college essays

Brainstorming tips for your college essay

Stuck on what to write your college essay about? Here are some exercises to help you get started.

How formal should the tone of your college essay be?

Learn how formal your college essay should be and get tips on how to bring out your natural voice.

Taking your college essay to the next level

Hear an admissions expert discuss the appropriate level of depth necessary in your college essay.

Student Stories

Student Story: Admissions essay about a formative experience

Get the perspective of a current college student on how he approached the admissions essay.

Student Story: Admissions essay about personal identity

Get the perspective of a current college student on how she approached the admissions essay.

Student Story: Admissions essay about community impact

Student story: admissions essay about a past mistake, how to write a college application essay, tips for writing an effective application essay, sample college essay 1 with feedback, sample college essay 2 with feedback.

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Home Blog How to How To Develop Ideas For Your Essays

How to develop ideas for your essays.

I guess most of you had times when you lacked ideas for writing an essay. Developing ideas isn’t hard as it seems at the first sight. It is a skill that can be evolved gradually. First, you should form a habit to make a right plan for your essay that can help you to sort out appropriate ideas. Some people may face the problem that their ideas are too simple or childish. But sometimes such points can be more useful than abstruse ideas. You don’t need to worry if you think that your essay is written in a bad way or you would like your essay changed in the best way. Apply to Royalediting.com and our team will help you.

When you start writing your essay, you should get rid of opinion that you are not a creative person. Cast aside thoughts that only few people are capable of generating genuine ideas. Sometimes even silly or childish ideas can initiate the creation of the best work.

I want to introduce several points that will help you to produce necessary ideas for writing your essay:

• Creativity and productivity. It is impossible to find direct approach since the process of generating ideas has a random character. Increasing the number of smaller ideas available for the formation of the whole concept is the only way for creating a good idea. The more thoughts you have the more information your mind has for writing an essay. In such way, productiveness is the key for generating brilliant ideas. There is no compromise between quantity and quality in creativity: quality comes with quantity. American chemist Linus Pauling has stated effective strategy : The way to get good ideas is to get lots of ideas and throw the bad ones away.
• Any idea is meaningful. You should remember that you don’t have to be concentrated on producing excellent notions only. Most of people don’t even try to think out any points, because they anticipate their ideas to be called “stupid” or “silly”. You should think up any concepts: the more the better, at any time and place.
• Note ideas at once. Your mind can produce a good thought at any time (at the moment you have got a task to write an essay, while walking, eating, etc.). It is very important to note the appearing idea immediately, because there is a risk that you can forget it.
• Brainstorming. It is extremely effective way to develop ideas for your essays. You should write down all ideas and thoughts that come to your mind and record them at paper. Usually it comes as a simple list. If you use the method of brainstorming you shouldn’t worry that your thoughts don’t have complete sentences. You just identify important key points.
• Schemes. It is not necessary to make schemes but they can really help in generating and development of your ideas. You may take the facts that you have mentioned during brainstorming, make some diagrams and evolve key points. It also can help you to create connections between different issues and complete your text.
• Free writing. This point is the result of the previous one. While your brainstorming is made in a form of list, free writing helps you to note all your thoughts in optional form. You just write down your ideas in a random comfortable way. Your sentences may be uncompleted but you will have time to add necessary information and sort it out.
• Be open for new impressions. Your sense organs absorb all information, which your mind subsequently uses for creating associations. The more you deal with various situations, people and places the more you feed your intellect to form ideas. Make your life diversified: travel, read more books and magazines that you have never read, communicate with different people. Don’t be afraid to act alternatively rather than doing something you got used to.
• Time management . You shouldn’t also forget that you have to organize your time in the best way. No one must distract you from developing ideas for your essay. This point is very important because different irritants prevent from emerging good thoughts.

If you can add more useful points, how to develop ideas for essays then contact us .

Basing on my experience, I can definitely say that the most important point for developing ideas is silence. Noise and irritants distract me from writing essays. I cannot gather my thoughts together and almost nothing comes to my mind. The first thing I do, before starting to write, is searching for necessary information. I read different materials on the topic from various sources. It helps me to generate good ideas. When I start writing an essay, I do not stick to any order. Although I have a plan, I usually use the method of free writing. I note all thoughts in a random order at once without any pauses. I will be able to structure and edit my essay, and correct possible mistakes at the end of writing. Producing as much ideas as possible is the best way for me to get a good essay. Sometimes, I have periods of time when I lack ideas. I listen to music in such cases. It inspires me for creating new concepts.

As you can see, developing ideas for essays is not a simple task. It takes certain time for producing good thoughts. You can use any point that I have mentioned as well as all of them. In any case you shouldn’t be afraid that your ideas are silly or will not go with your essay. You just start from the least useful thought and your mind will help you to create the better ones. Manage your time in appropriate way for no one to disturb you. And don’t worry if you lack ideas. Keep calm and get some rest. Ideas will come to you with no warning. You just write them down immediately, because you can forget them. If you consider this essay useful and you want to find more you can easily visit our blog .

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Top 20 Unessay Project Ideas For Students [Revised]

In the area of education, there’s a constant quest to innovate and engage learners in meaningful ways. Traditional essays have long been the staple of academic assessment, but what if there was a way to break free from the constraints of this format and explore new avenues of expression and learning? Let’s enter into the concept of “Unessay project ideas.”

What is an Unessay?

Table of Contents

An Unessay is exactly what it sounds like – an unconventional approach to the traditional essay. It’s a departure from the standard written format, encouraging students to explore topics and express ideas through various creative mediums.

Unlike the typical essay, which often follows a rigid structure and formatting guidelines, Unessays offer freedom and flexibility in how information is presented.

Why Unessay Projects Matter

Unessay projects are not just about being different for the sake of it; they serve a crucial purpose in education. By allowing students to harness their creativity and personal interests, Unessays foster deeper engagement with course material. They encourage critical thinking, problem-solving, and self-expression – skills that are essential for success both inside and outside the classroom.

How Do We Write An Unessay?

Writing an Unessay involves breaking away from the traditional essay format and exploring creative and unconventional ways to present your ideas. Here’s a step-by-step guide on how to write an Unessay:

• Choose Your Topic: Select a topic that interests you and aligns with the assignment requirements.
• Brainstorm Ideas: Think outside the box and brainstorm different ways to approach the topic. Consider visual representations, multimedia presentations, creative writing, or alternative formats.
• Select Your Medium: Decide on the medium that best suits your topic and creative vision. Are you drawn to visual art, storytelling, or digital media?
• Research and Gather Materials: Conduct research to gather information and materials that will support your Unessay. This could include images, videos, quotes, data, or personal experiences.
• Plan Your Structure: Unlike traditional essays, Unessays don’t necessarily follow a linear structure. Plan how you’ll organize your content to effectively convey your message.
• Create Your Content: Start creating your Unessay using your chosen medium. This could involve writing, designing, recording, or producing content in a way that resonates with your audience.
• Experiment and Iterate: Don’t be afraid to experiment and try new things. Your Unessay is a creative expression of your ideas, so feel free to iterate and refine as you go.
• Incorporate Feedback: Seek feedback from peers, instructors, or mentors to improve your Unessay. Consider how you can incorporate their suggestions to enhance your work.
• Reflect and Revise: Reflect on your Unessay and consider what you’ve learned throughout the process. Make any necessary revisions to ensure your final product effectively communicates your message.
• Submit and Share: Once you’re satisfied with your Unessay, submit it according to the assignment guidelines. Consider sharing your work with others to inspire creativity and spark meaningful discussions.

Top 20 Unessay Project Ideas

• Interactive Documentary: Create an interactive documentary using multimedia elements such as video, audio, images, and text to explore a topic or issue from multiple perspectives.
• Virtual Reality Experience: Design a virtual reality (VR) experience that immerses users in a specific environment or scenario related to your topic of interest.
• Augmented Reality Exhibit: Develop an augmented reality (AR) exhibit that overlays digital content onto the physical world, allowing viewers to interact with information in innovative ways.
• Data Visualization Story: Tell a story using data visualization techniques such as charts, graphs, maps, and interactive data visualizations to convey complex information in a compelling manner.
• Animated Explainer Video: Create an animated video that explains a concept, process, or idea using engaging visuals, narration, and motion graphics.
• Podcast Series: Produce a podcast series featuring interviews, discussions, and storytelling related to your topic, allowing listeners to explore different perspectives and insights.
• Graphic Novel: Write and illustrate a graphic novel that explores themes, characters, and narratives relevant to your subject matter in a visually captivating format.
• Photography Essay: Compile a photography essay featuring a series of photographs accompanied by descriptive captions or narratives that explore a particular theme or concept.
• Interactive Game: Develop an interactive game or simulation that challenges players to explore and understand key concepts or phenomena related to your topic.
• Live Performance Piece: Create a live performance piece incorporating elements of theater, dance, music, or spoken word to convey ideas, emotions, and messages.
• Digital Collage: Produce a digital collage using images, text, and multimedia elements to create a visually dynamic representation of your topic or concept.
• Choose Your Own Adventure Story: Write a choose-your-own-adventure story where readers can navigate through different pathways and outcomes based on their choices, exploring various aspects of your topic.
• Video Essay Series: Produce a series of video essays that delve into different aspects or perspectives of your topic, combining narration, visuals, and analysis to engage viewers.
• Art Installation: Create an art installation using mixed media, sculpture, or interactive elements to evoke emotions, provoke thoughts, and stimulate dialogue around your chosen theme.
• Sound Collage: Compose a sound collage or audio montage incorporating ambient sounds, music, interviews, and other audio elements to create a sensory-rich exploration of your topic.
• Digital Storytelling Website: Design a multimedia website featuring interactive storytelling elements such as videos, animations, infographics, and interactive timelines to present your research or narrative.
• Comic Strip Series: Craft a series of comic strips or webcomics that humorously or artistically explore themes, characters, or events related to your subject matter.
• Experimental Film: Produce an experimental film or video art piece that pushes the boundaries of traditional filmmaking techniques to convey abstract concepts, emotions, or narratives.
• Interactive Map: Create an interactive map using GIS technology or digital mapping tools to visually represent geographical data, historical events, or social phenomena relevant to your topic.
• Digital Art Installation: Develop a digital art installation featuring interactive projections, digital sculptures, or immersive environments that invite viewers to explore and interact with your subject matter in unique ways.

Where To Find Project Ideas?

Finding project ideas can come from a variety of sources. Here are some places to explore for inspiration:

• Course Material: Look at your class syllabus, textbooks, or lecture notes for topics that interest you or that you’d like to delve deeper into.
• Personal Interests: Consider your hobbies, passions, and personal experiences. Projects that align with your interests are often more engaging and rewarding.
• Current Events: Stay updated on current events, news, and trends. Explore how these topics intersect with your academic studies or personal interests.
• Conversations and Collaborations: Engage in discussions with peers, instructors, mentors, or professionals in your field. Collaborating with others can spark new ideas and perspectives.
• Online Resources: Browse educational websites, forums, and social media platforms for project prompts, challenges, and inspiration.
• Creative Prompts: Explore creative writing prompts, art prompts, or design challenges to stimulate your imagination and generate project ideas.
• Problem-solving: Identify problems or challenges in your community, field of study, or personal life, and brainstorm creative solutions or projects to address them.
• Past Projects: Review past projects, assignments, or research papers you’ve completed for inspiration. Consider how you can expand, improve, or build upon previous work.
• Professional Journals and Publications: Read academic journals, magazines, or industry publications related to your field for ideas, research topics, and emerging trends.
• Extracurricular Activities: Participate in clubs, organizations, or extracurricular activities that align with your interests. These experiences can inspire project ideas and provide valuable insights.

Unessay project ideas represent a paradigm shift in education – one that celebrates creativity, personalization, and innovation.

By breaking free from the constraints of traditional essays, Unessays empowers students to explore topics in-depth, express themselves authentically, and engage with course material in meaningful ways.

So why not embrace the Unessay revolution and unleash the full potential of learning? The possibilities are endless.

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