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10.5 Process Analysis

Learning objectives.

  • Determine the purpose and structure of the process analysis essay.
  • Understand how to write a process analysis essay.

The Purpose of Process Analysis in Writing

The purpose of a process analysis essay is to explain how to do something or how something works. In either case, the formula for a process analysis essay remains the same. The process is articulated into clear, definitive steps.

Almost everything we do involves following a step-by-step process. From riding a bike as children to learning various jobs as adults, we initially needed instructions to effectively execute the task. Likewise, we have likely had to instruct others, so we know how important good directions are—and how frustrating it is when they are poorly put together.

Writing at Work

The next time you have to explain a process to someone at work, be mindful of how clearly you articulate each step. Strong communication skills are critical for workplace satisfaction and advancement. Effective process analysis plays a critical role in developing that skill set.

On a separate sheet of paper, make a bulleted list of all the steps that you feel would be required to clearly illustrate three of the following four processes:

  • Tying a shoelace
  • Parallel parking
  • Planning a successful first date
  • Being an effective communicator

The Structure of a Process Analysis Essay

The process analysis essay opens with a discussion of the process and a thesis statement that states the goal of the process.

The organization of a process analysis essay typically follows chronological order. The steps of the process are conveyed in the order in which they usually occur. Body paragraphs will be constructed based on these steps. If a particular step is complicated and needs a lot of explaining, then it will likely take up a paragraph on its own. But if a series of simple steps is easier to understand, then the steps can be grouped into a single paragraph.

The time transition phrases covered in the Narration and Illustration sections are also helpful in organizing process analysis essays (see Table 10.1 “Transition Words and Phrases for Expressing Time” and Table 10.2 “Phrases of Illustration” ). Words such as first , second , third , next , and finally are helpful cues to orient reader and organize the content of essay.

Always have someone else read your process analysis to make sure it makes sense. Once we get too close to a subject, it is difficult to determine how clearly an idea is coming across. Having a friend or coworker read it over will serve as a good way to troubleshoot any confusing spots.

Choose two of the lists you created in Note 10.52 “Exercise 1” and start writing out the processes in paragraph form. Try to construct paragraphs based on the complexity of each step. For complicated steps, dedicate an entire paragraph. If less complicated steps fall in succession, group them into a single paragraph.

Writing a Process Analysis Essay

Choose a topic that is interesting, is relatively complex, and can be explained in a series of steps. As with other rhetorical writing modes, choose a process that you know well so that you can more easily describe the finer details about each step in the process. Your thesis statement should come at the end of your introduction, and it should state the final outcome of the process you are describing.

Body paragraphs are composed of the steps in the process. Each step should be expressed using strong details and clear examples. Use time transition phrases to help organize steps in the process and to orient readers. The conclusion should thoroughly describe the result of the process described in the body paragraphs. See Chapter 15 “Readings: Examples of Essays” to read an example of a process analysis essay.

Choose one of the expanded lists from Note 10.54 “Exercise 2” . Construct a full process analysis essay from the work you have already done. That means adding an engaging introduction, a clear thesis, time transition phrases, body paragraphs, and a solid conclusion.

Key Takeaways

  • A process analysis essay explains how to do something, how something works, or both.
  • The process analysis essay opens with a discussion of the process and a thesis statement that states the outcome of the process.
  • The organization of a process analysis essay typically follows a chronological sequence.
  • Time transition phrases are particularly helpful in process analysis essays to organize steps and orient reader.

Writing for Success Copyright © 2015 by University of Minnesota is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.

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How to Write the Perfect Process Analysis Essay (With a Sample Essay)

Tonya Thompson

A process analysis essay is a kind of expository essay that explains the process or actions someone needs to take to complete a task. You can think of it like a recipe, stating all of the necessary ingredients and steps, allowing the reader to follow along in logical order.

A process analysis essay can be written about a wide scope of topics, from highly technical processes to cleaning and organizing your closet. Writing a process analysis essay forces you to slow down and consider every tool and step involved in completing a task, and then explain what's needed in logical order for your reader to do the same.

Writing a process analysis essay forces you to slow down and consider every tool and step involved in completing a task, and then explain what's needed in logical order.

Format of a process analysis essay

For this type of essay assignment, you will not be following the traditional five-paragraph essay outline. There is still an introduction and body to your essay, but your conclusion is more like the "analysis" part and the essay will end when you've completed explaining the steps involved in a process. Below, we'll break down exactly what should be included in each of these parts. Also keep in mind that you can still create an outline before beginning writing your process analysis essay, although it might look more like a list of bullet points rather than a traditional five-paragraph essay outline.

Introduction

The introduction to your process analysis essay will include information about the process you are analyzing and why it is important. This will likely be the shortest part of your essay. If there is a unique history to the process you'll be analyzing, the introduction is where you might mention that. You basically want to use this paragraph as a brief introduction to your reader of 1) what process you'll be analyzing and 2) how or why that process might be useful information to know.

The body of your process analysis essay will mention any prerequisites, materials, or instruments needed to complete the process. It should also mention any risks or warnings involved that are relevant to the process. It's important to include everything that the reader will need to complete the process, and even extra tools that might help the process go smoother but are not necessary. For example, in the sample process analysis essay provided below on how to make apple butter, I included a spoon to stir the butter as part of the list of tools that will be needed. Additionally, I mentioned that a food processor will make the apple butter cook better and have a more butter-like consistency, but it's not necessary to have as a tool to cook apple butter.

Following these sections, you'll write the actual process in sequential order required to complete the task. Make sure you include transitional words within and between paragraphs, as these are required to show the sequence of the process in logical order. Your analysis will likely be across several paragraphs, so make sure each paragraph describes a separate part of the process to avoid confusion for your reader.

Sample process analysis essay

To show you how a process analysis essay might look, we've provided a sample essay that includes the separate sections discussed above. Notice that the introduction paragraph is short, providing basic information about the process that will be discussed, while the remaining paragraphs are longer and more detailed.

Below is a sample process analysis essay explaining how to make apple butter

Sample essay

Apple butter is similar to apple sauce but is different in that it is highly concentrated and used more often as a butter-like topping on bread or crackers. It's cooked long and slow, allowing the sugar in the apples to caramelize and turn it a deep brown color.

To make apple butter, you will need a slow cooker, food processor, cutting board, peeling knife, large spoon, apples, sugar, and spices for the desired flavoring (usually cinnamon and nutmeg). You might also want to use an apple slicer, which cuts down on the preparation time. Note that when you begin cooking your apple butter, the more minced the peeled apples are, the smoother the final product will be. If you want your apple butter to have a true butter-like consistency, mince the apples well in the food processor before cooking.

Now, let's look at the process of cooking apple butter. To begin, prepare a large, clean space for cutting and processing the apples. Five to six cups of fresh apples will likely only result in a few cups (at most) of apple butter, so depending on how much butter you want to make, you could be peeling and preparing apples for several hours. Each apple will need to be sliced, peeled, and minced in a food processor for maximum butter-like consistency.

Next, add the minced apples to a slow cooker and place the slow cooker on "high". You will notice that the top of the mixture is watery, once the larger pieces settle. Add sugar and spices until you reach the taste you want for the apple butter. Keep in mind that apples vary in sweetness, depending on what type of apple you are using, and sugar can be added slowly throughout the cooking process. Be careful not to add too much sugar at first, as the butter will get sweeter as the apples cook down. In fact, you might even choose to not at sugar at all at this stage of the cooking process, especially if you want a final product that is not too sweet. The spices can also be added as the apple butter cooks or not at all (if that's your preference). Be sure to stir every 10-15 minutes during the first hour as the apple butter is cooking on high and let it cook uncovered.

After one hour of cooking on high, turn the slow cooker to low and cover it. Depending on the type of apple you have used, it should cook for 8-10 hours, until there is no water left at the top and around the sides of the slow cooker. During this slow cooking time, stir occasionally (once per hour should be fine). This is also when the apple butter makes your kitchen smell amazing!

Finally, when the apple butter has reached the consistency and taste you want, remove it from the slow cooker. If you choose to can the apple butter, you can do that immediately or keep the apple butter in the refrigerator until you are able to can it.

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5.5 Process Analysis

Learning objectives.

  • Determine the purpose and structure of the process analysis essay.
  • Understand how to write a process analysis essay.

The Purpose of Process Analysis in Writing

The purpose of a process analysis essay  is to explain how to do something or how something works. In either case, the formula for a process analysis essay remains the same. The process is articulated into clear, definitive steps.

Almost everything we do involves following a step-by-step process. From riding a bike as children to learning various jobs as adults, we initially needed instructions to effectively execute the task. Likewise, we have likely had to instruct others, so we know how important good directions are—and how frustrating it is when they are poorly put together.

Connecting the Pieces: Writing at Work

The next time you have to explain a process to someone at work, be mindful of how clearly you articulate each step. Strong communication skills are critical for workplace satisfaction and advancement. Effective process analysis plays a critical role in developing that skill set.

On a separate sheet of paper, make a bulleted list of all the steps that you feel would be required to clearly illustrate three of the following four processes:

  • Tying a shoelace
  • Parallel parking
  • Planning a successful first date
  • Being an effective communicator

The Structure of a Process Analysis Essay

The process analysis essay opens with a discussion of the process and a thesis statement that states the goal of the process.

The organization of a process analysis essay typically follows chronological order. The steps of the process are conveyed in the order in which they usually occur. Body paragraphs will be constructed based on these steps. If a particular step is complicated and needs a lot of explaining, then it will likely take up a paragraph on its own. But if a series of simple steps is easier to understand, then the steps can be grouped into a single paragraph.

The time transition phrases covered in the Narration and Illustration sections are also helpful in organizing process analysis essays (see Table 5.1 “Transition Words and Phrases for Expressing Time” and Table 10.2 “Phrases of Illustration”) . Words such as first , second , third , next , and finally are helpful cues to orient reader and organize the content of essay.

Always have someone else read your process analysis to make sure it makes sense. Once we get too close to a subject, it is difficult to determine how clearly an idea is coming across. Having a friend or coworker read it over will serve as a good way to troubleshoot any confusing spots.

Choose two of the lists you created in Exercise 1 and start writing out the processes in paragraph form. Try to construct paragraphs based on the complexity of each step. For complicated steps, dedicate an entire paragraph. If less complicated steps fall in succession, group them into a single paragraph.

Writing a Process Analysis Essay

Choose a topic that is interesting, is relatively complex, and can be explained in a series of steps. As with other rhetorical writing modes, choose a process that you know well so that you can more easily describe the finer details about each step in the process. Your thesis statement should come at the end of your introduction, and it should state the final outcome of the process you are describing.

Body paragraphs are composed of the steps in the process. Each step should be expressed using strong details and clear examples. Use time transition phrases to help organize steps in the process and to orient readers. The conclusion should thoroughly describe the result of the process described in the body paragraphs. See Appendix B: Examples of Essays  to read an example of a process analysis essay.

Choose one of the expanded lists from Exercise 2 . Construct a full process analysis essay from the work you have already done. That means adding an engaging introduction, a clear thesis, time transition phrases, body paragraphs, and a solid conclusion.

Key Takeaways

  • A process analysis essay explains how to do something, how something works, or both.
  • The process analysis essay opens with a discussion of the process and a thesis statement that states the outcome of the process.
  • The organization of a process analysis essay typically follows a chronological sequence.
  • Time transition phrases are particularly helpful in process analysis essays to organize steps and orient reader.

Putting the Pieces Together Copyright © 2020 by Andrew Stracuzzi and André Cormier is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.

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Your Ultimate Guide On How To Write A Process Analysis Essay

Most students assume that writing a process analysis essay is a problematic work to do. But, in reality, it’s just like any other written homework assignment. In this comprehensive guide, we will explain how to write a process analysis essay, list some interesting process analysis essay topics and share some useful writing tips for better understanding.

What is a Process Analysis Essay?

A process analysis essay is a type of expository essay where you explain to your reader the entire process of completing a task. It's similar to narrating a recipe of a dish, stating all essential ingredients and steps logically for a reader to follow with ease.

In simple terms, in a process analysis essay, you must answer two crucial questions:

-> What is a particular task? -> How is it done?

There are two types of process analysis essays:

  • Directional Essay: Here, you provide directions on how to do something or complete a task in a certain way.
  • Informational Essay: In this type of essay, you explain to your readers how something works, like how a smartphone.

Let us now discuss the outline for writing a process analysis essay and some crucial steps for the same.

How to Write a Process Analysis Essay? 4 Fundamental Steps

Learning how to write a process analysis essay isn't as difficult as it seems. You need to focus on explaining a particular action and highlight the process. There are four essential steps to writing a process analysis essay.

  • Choose the topic:

Be clear about the process analysis essay topics   that you have shortlisted. Choose the one you that find interesting and can research on to make it compelling for your readers.

  • Break down the process:

The whole writing process becomes easy if you have a well-defined purpose. Moreover, when the process in the outline for your process analysis essay is divided into simple steps, it becomes more organized.

  • Use proper transitional words/phrases:

Transitional words give a sense of direction. Phrases like “once that’s done”, “next”, or “after that” will help readers follow what you are trying to say.

  • Examine your paper:

Your process analysis essay won't make sense if you over-complicate the process with unnecessary essay writing steps  and details. Give your paper a thorough read and always look out for possible omissions to make your writing more concise.

Always consider these four steps while you are writing a process analysis essay . Also, remember to create an outline for your process analysis essay with bullet points before you start writing.

Standard Outline for a Process Analysis Essay

The very first thing that you must do once you have shortlisted a topic for your essay is to draft an outline for your process analysis essay. Unlike other pieces, you don't have to follow the conventional five-paragraph rule. You need to write an introduction, body, and a conclusion with a proper explanation of the steps involved.

Introduction:

  • You must describe your essay topic and the purpose of the process briefly.
  • Discuss the major points highlighting its usefulness.
  • Describe the risks, outcome, and expected results if the reader uses the steps correctly.
  • Keep your introduction short, engaging, and informative.

Body: 

  • Describe the entire process in multiple paragraphs elaborately.
  • Keep a separate paragraph for every step of the process.
  • Use proper transitional words to connect the paragraphs.
  • Write in descriptive style and mention the prerequisites or tools necessary for the process.

Conclusion/Analysis: 

  • Summarise all the steps involved in the process.
  • Highlight the main points and maintain a proper sequence.
  • Avoid repeating the instructions mentioned in the paragraphs.
  • Explain the outcome and give suitable notes, if necessary.

You don’t have to worry about how to write a process analysis essay if you draft an outline for your process analysis essay with these essential sections. Also, with an overview, the chance of missing out on crucial details becomes minimal. To know about tips to improve writing skills  go the link.

Process Analysis Essay Examples

Topic: How to Prepare Pineapple Butter Jam

Pineapple butter jam is similar to pineapple jam but is highly concentrated and commonly used as a butter-like topping on popcorn or bread. It takes time for the sugar in the pineapple to caramelize into a deep brown color.

To make a jar of pineapple butter jam, everything that you need is readily available in a regular kitchen –a slow cooker, food processor, chopping board, knife, mixing bowl, spatula, spoon, sugar, pineapple, and cinnamon and nutmeg for flavouring. You can use a pineapple slicer to shorten the preparation time. Remember, if you want a smooth buttery consistency jam with no lumps, you must mince the pineapple well. So, you can use a food processor to mince the pieces of pineapple.

Once you are ready with the ingredients, it’s time to learn the process of preparing pineapple butter jam. Before you start with the chopping, clean the slab and the chopping board. The quantity of pineapple and butter will depend on how much pineapple butter jam you want to make. Let’s take six cups of freshly chopped pineapples and mince it in a food processor until there’s no lump.

After that, put the minced pineapples in a slow cooker and put it on "high". Once the minced pineapple starts cooking, you will notice the watery consistency slowly changing. Add sugar, nutmeg, and cinnamon powder until it reaches the taste and texture you want. Be careful as the sweetness is likely to vary. Depending on what type of pineapple you are using, add sugar throughout the cooking process. You can taste from time to time before adding more sugar. It is highly advisable not to add more than two spoons of sugar in six cups of pineapple if you don't have a sweet tooth.Let it cook uncovered and keep stirring every 7-8 minutes so that your pineapple butter jam doesn’t burn.

After cooking it on high for 40 minutes, turn the slow cooker to low and cover it. The cooking duration depends on the types of pineapple you have chosen to cook. For a fully ripe pineapple, it takes 6-7 hours to prepare. Turn off the gas when you see there's no water at the top and around the sides of the slow cooker. As your pineapple butter jam slowly cooks, make sure you stir it thoroughly after every 45 minutes.

Finally, when you see the pineapple butter jam has reached the colour, consistency, and taste you want, get it off the oven and remove it from the slow cooker into a jar.

Reread this sample and try to write a process analysis essay. Don't worry if you are unable to find any suitable topics for your process analysis essay homework. Below, we have enlisted some popular process analysis essay topics for which you will get ample of resources on the internet to write an A-grade essay paper.

25+ Excellent Process Analysis Essay Topics

  • How to raise a Labrador?
  • How to win a game of chess?
  • How to lose weight without following insane diet plans?
  • How to find the perfect college?
  • How to achieve academic success?
  • How to plan the perfect weekend party?
  • How to survive without a phone?
  • How to stay sober throughout the weekend?
  • How to enjoy a Friday night with less than 30 Euros?
  • How to make the perfect red velvet cookies?
  • How to make the perfect cup of cappuccino?
  • How to build and maintain a stable friendship?
  • How do Italians make their food so tasty?

Are you looking for process analysis essay topics exclusively for college students? Not an issue! Here’s an additional list of topics for a process analysis essay for all the college-goers.

  • How to survive the recession?
  • How to overcome insomnia without medical help?
  • How to avoid a nervous breakdown during a presentation?
  • How to build and maintain a stable relationship?
  • How do Jewish people pray?
  • How to install spy applications on mobile?
  • How to live with no modern capitalism?
  • How can developed nations prevent civil wars?
  • How do gambling companies play with an individual’s psychology?
  • How can the brain differentiate between colors?
  • How to make new friends without hurting existing friends?
  • How does anxiety influence a person to smoke?
  • How to live a middle-class life?

There you go! Use rate my paper tool which effectively maintains the quality of your academic work. Refer to this list of process analysis essay topics whenever you run short of ideas for your college process analysis essay.

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How to Write a Process Analysis Essay: Examples & Outline

Process analysis is an explanation of how something works or happens. Want to know more? Read the following article prepared by our custom writing specialists and learn about:

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  • process analysis and its types
  • a process analysis outline tips
  • free examples and other tips that might be helpful for your college assignment

So, let’s start digging deeper into this topic!

  • ♻ Process Analysis Definition
  • ✏️ Process Analysis Types

☑️ How to Write a Process Analysis Essay

  • 📑 Examples & Bonus Tips

♻️ What Is Process Analysis?

A process analysis describes and explains the succession of actions, points out a specific result, and provides a detailed plan.

To be more precise, process analysis is targeted at explaining:

  • how things work;
  • how to do or make something;
  • how something operates or happens.

So, if you want to know how an aircraft flies or how to start a business, you need to deal with process analyses that detail these procedures. You might be asking yourself: Are these two processes similar to each other? In fact, they are different. Moreover, there exist other types of processes. That’s why we have united some basic types into categories for your convenience.

The picture shows the main types of processes for process analysis.

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  • Processes that are either related to people or performed by them, such as relationships, psychological aspects, or some manuals. These include descriptions of how to overcome depression, work in a team, or change the oil in your car.
  • Processes that take place within a society. For example, it can be a description of the electoral process or how the judicial system works.
  • Processes that occur in nature. It may be an explanation of cell division, the process of season change, or the life cycle of an organism. Process analysis plays a crucial role in scientific research. It helps to describe complex mechanisms and procedures, leading to advancements in science.
  • Processes that are performed by machines. It can be an explanation of how a car engine works or how a helicopter flies.
  • documenting knowledge;
  • analyzing some separate actions;
  • finding problematic issues;
  • identifying the options for further improvements.

As you can see, some of these processes just need to be described , while others should be explained . There is a considerable difference between a description and an analysis. If you want to find it out, read the following part of this article.

✏️ Two Types of Process Analysis

As you already know, a process can be either described or explained. Following this, the two types of process analysis are:

  • Directive process analysis: a description of a process.
  • Informational process analysis: an explanation of how something works.

The primary difference concerns the purpose of these analyses. Now, let’s go into details.

Directive Process Analysis: Examples & Definition

Directive process analysis (also called prescriptive) answers the question of how to do or make something . In other words, it serves as an outline of specific steps a person should take to achieve the desired result. For example, it may be a description of how to plan a party or write a particular essay type (like this article.)

This type of process analysis is used in tutorials, manuals, or policy guides. In most cases, technicians and decision-makers utilize it.

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Informational Process Analysis Essay: Examples & Definition

In contrast, an informational process analysis (also called explanatory or descriptive) demonstrates how something works or is done . To be more precise, it presents information about the way some things or phenomena function. For example, it can describe how a disease affects our bodies.

A descriptive analysis consists of two parts:

  • data gathering;
  • identifying casual relationships.

This combination helps find out the essence of the process.

An informational process analysis may be found in essays, magazine or newspaper articles, or videos. Mostly, students, researchers, or just curious people are interested in this type.

We have talked about the process analysis definition and types. Now, it’s time to find out about a process analysis essay and how to write it correctly. In this section, you will find lots of interesting and helpful information on how to write each part of the essay, some tips on topics selection, and examples.

Get an originally-written paper according to your instructions!

Process Analysis Essay Outline

Let’s start with the essay structure. Keep in mind that a process analysis should be written in chronological order. If you want your readers to understand the presented process clearly, divide it into stages and then into steps. It will make your essay more coherent.

A process paper outline consists of 4 parts. Here they are:

The picture shows the main steps in writing a process analysis: introduction, main body, conclusion.

Process Analysis Essay Topics: How to Choose

Choosing a topic may seem confusing. You have many things you want to talk about, and you simply can’t decide. Sounds familiar? Don’t worry; these tips will help determine what process analysis essay topic to choose.

To select a topic, you need to:

  • Analyze your interests and hobbies;
  • Choose a process related to your interests;
  • Look for something you are familiar with and don’t need any further research;

To sum it up, write about something you like and know about.

How to Start a Process Analysis Essay

You’ve chosen the topic but don’t know how to start writing about it? Don’t worry; we’ve collected the most effective strategies to help you create an excellent introduction.

It’s worth mentioning that your introductory part depends on the type of your process analysis. If it’s a directive essay, you need to explain the process to your readers. If it’s an informational essay, you describe the process.

STEP #1: Start with a definition . It’s necessary to mention the purpose and importance of your paper. The audience should have a meaningful reason for reading your essay.

Writing a perfect essay is easier than you think (directive.)

Stress is one of the reasons for health problems (informational.)

STEP #2: Add some background information . Expand on the details and define the process.  

Baking requires particular skills and time. However, if you do everything correctly, you will get an excellent cake (directive.)

Constant stress exposure leads to the development of various health disorders, resulting in complex treatment (informational).

STEP #3: End your introduction with a thesis statement . Present the steps or stages of the process in one sentence.

To write a perfect essay, one needs to search for information from different sources, analyze the gathered data, and organize the ideas into a coherent text (directive.)

Chronic stress leads to the rise of blood pressure, the release of histamine, and a change of insulin level (informational.)

Just follow these steps to make sure you included all the necessary aspects in your introduction.

Process Analysis Thesis Examples and Tips

A thesis statement is a roadmap of your essay. That’s why it’s important to make it an effective one. Here’s what to keep in mind when writing a powerful thesis.

  • Its content. It should contain all the essential information on your topic. A thesis is like a presentation of your paper in one sentence. That’s why you need to be clear and concise. Each of the aspects mentioned in a thesis should be expanded in a body paragraph.

Baking a pie is a simple process as all you need to do is to mix all the products, prepare the filling, and bake the combined ingredients in the oven.

When you see such a thesis, you understand that the paper will be about baking a pie rather than changing a tire.

  • The number of parts. In fact, a process analysis thesis consists of two parts: the main point and the organizational format. The first element focuses on the purpose of the thesis. It’s worth mentioning that the content of the second part depends on the type of your process analysis essay.
  • Its place in the text. Your thesis should be situated at the end of your introduction. To be more precise, it’s the last sentence of this part. In such a way, our audience will get a hint about the content of the following body paragraphs.

Feel free to check out the additional tips below. They will make your thesis perfect.

  • Make it an affirmative sentence . Don’t write your thesis in the form of a question. This statement should be the answer to the question of the audience.
  • Try to make it emphatic . Don’t start your thesis with trite phrases such as   “this essay will explain,” “I will inform you about,” or “I will describe.”
  • Add more aspects if necessary.  For example, the thesis may state the inefficiency or unfairness of the process in question.

Process Analysis: Paragraphs for the Main Body

Similar to a thesis statement, the content and structure of the main body depend on your essay type. We have prepared several useful strategies for both types.

Informational Process Analysis: Body Paragraphs

Directive process analysis: body paragraphs, transition words for process essay & examples.

Each process has a beginning, a middle part, and an ending. To present a process analysis, divide it into meaningful parts and organize them properly. The readers should always have a clear understanding of a succession of actions.

That’s why you need to use transitional words. They can help the readers follow the text. We have prepared a list of transition words with some examples. Check it out below.

Process Essay Conclusion Writing Strategies

Finally, we get to the concluding part and how it should be arranged. Here are some helpful strategies for you to write an effective conclusion.

  • Briefly summarize all the information you mentioned in your body paragraphs.
  • Don’t introduce any new details. This part intends to conclude the essay.
  • Paraphrase your thesis statement.
  • Relate your conclusion with the introduction. There should be a logical ending for your essay. Sum up the information presented in all the parts of your paper.

To conclude, stress produces a negative effect on health. That’s why you should do something to reduce its impact. Include meditation and yoga in your daily routine. Don’t forget to have enough sleep. If you follow all these recommendations, your mental and physical health will improve very soon.

📑 Process Paragraphs Examples & Bonus Tips

We have already composed the process analysis essay. Now you know what to include and what to pay attention to while writing such a type of essay. However, we would like to share a list of some additional tips with you. They will help you to look at your paper from different angles and make it perfect.

Bonus tips:

  • Consider the tone of your writing. Try to sound as professional as possible.
  • Don’t forget about the formal style. Avoid writing in 1 st person. Instead, use the 2nd person in directive and the 3rd person in informational process analyses:
  • You can interrupt the chronology of your process description. Sometimes, it’s essential to specify the terms or concepts, show how the preceding and following steps are connected, or clarify why it’s necessary to do some steps simultaneously.
  • Give your readers a specific reason to care about your essay. Before writing your thesis statement, ask yourself: Why do people need to know about this process? The thesis should reflect the answer to this question.

Finally, we would like to present you with a process analysis essay example. Pay attention to the contents of each essay part:

Below, you can find even more process analysis essay samples. Make sure to check them out to get some inspiration for your paper.

  • A Medical Committee’s Group Process Analysis
  • How to Groom Your Pet Dog: Process Analysis
  • Agency Supervisory Process Analysis
  • Passing a Test: Process Analysis

Process Analysis Essay Topics

  • Analysis of engineering process.  
  • Steps to successful aging .  
  • Analysis of quality improvement process . 
  • The process of data analysis . 
  • How to lose weight .  
  • Process of selecting a suitable theory or model in health intervention. 
  • The important steps of images processing. 
  • Strategic planning process analysis: stakeholders and initial agreement guidelines. 
  • How to write: process analysis. 
  • Steps for maintaining your mental health during pandemic.  
  • Process for financial accounting cycle .  
  • Steps for creating a realistic buyer persona .  
  • How to make a final decision .  
  • Stages of problem-solving strategy . 
  • The risk management in healthcare : process analysis. 
  • How to organize a group : stages.  
  • Describe the contingency planning process. 
  • Steps to planning a career .  
  • Enhancing wireless network performance : process analysis. 
  • How to cope with grief: five stages theory .  
  • Process for conflict resolving .  
  • How to analyze a primary source .  
  • Communication problems at workplace : stages analysis.  
  • How to conduct sociological research . 
  • Process of prenatal development : main stages. 
  • Stages of developing a new product . 
  • Clear steps to conducting community-based research . 
  • Making a dental public health policy : process analysis. 
  • Conducting a utility test : process analysis. 
  • The key steps to facilitate parent participation process.  
  • The implementation plan for treating patients with cancer. 
  • Discuss the steps of buying a product . 
  • Describe the process of business development .  
  • Analyze the brewery process . 
  • Cognitive development of children: process analysis. 
  • Describe the stages of different types of interviews . 
  • Analyze the process of employees’ talents development . 
  • How to buy a used motorcycle . 
  • Steps to making ethical decision .  
  • Analyze the ways of managing s diverse international team .  
  • Process analysis for proper teeth cleaning .  
  • Describe the steps of project management .  
  • Four stages of business development .  
  • How to cope with distress in nursing.  
  • External auditing process analysis. 
  • Analyze the stages of Alzheimer’s disease .  

We hope you find our article useful and apply these strategies to your process analysis essay. We wish you success with all your future assignments.

Further reading:

  • Case Study Analysis: Examples + How-to Guide & Writing Tips
  • How to Write a Visual Analysis Essay: Examples & Template
  • How to Write a Film Analysis Essay: Examples, Outline, & Tips
  • How to Write a Literary Analysis Essay Step by Step

🔍 References

  • Process Analysis: The University of Toledo
  • Business Process Analysis: UNICE
  • Process Analysis: University of Minnesota Twin Cities
  • Informative Process Analysis: Saint Leo University
  • How to Write a Thesis for Process Analysis Essay: Seattle PI
  • Informative Process Analysis: Southern Illinois University Edwardsville
  • Introductions and Conclusions: University of Toronto
  • Process Description: How to Write about a Sequence of Events: Seton Hill University
  • Essay Introductions: University of Maryland
  • Essay Structure: Harvard University
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Process Analysis

Writing for Success

Learning Objectives

  • Determine the purpose and structure of the process analysis essay.
  • Understand how to write a process analysis essay.

THE PURPOSE OF PROCESS ANALYSIS IN WRITING

The purpose of a process analysis essay is to explain how to do something or how something works. In either case, the formula for a process analysis essay remains the same. The process is articulated into clear, definitive steps.

Almost everything we do involves following a step-by-step process. From riding a bike as children to learning various jobs as adults, we initially needed instructions to effectively execute the task. Likewise, we have likely had to instruct others, so we know how important good directions are—and how frustrating it is when they are poorly put together.

WRITING AT WORK

The next time you have to explain a process to someone at work, be mindful of how clearly you articulate each step. Strong communication skills are critical for workplace satisfaction and advancement. Effective process analysis plays a critical role in developing that skill set.

On a separate sheet of paper, make a bulleted list of all the steps that you feel would be required to clearly illustrate three of the following four processes:

  • Tying a shoelace
  • Parallel parking
  • Planning a successful first date
  • Being an effective communicator

THE STRUCTURE OF A PROCESS ANALYSIS ESSAY

The process analysis essay opens with a discussion of the process and a thesis statement that states the goal of the process.

The organization of a process analysis essay typically follows chronological order. The steps of the process are conveyed in the order in which they usually occur. Body paragraphs will be constructed based on these steps. If a particular step is complicated and needs a lot of explaining, then it will likely take up a paragraph on its own. But if a series of simple steps is easier to understand, then the steps can be grouped into a single paragraph.

The time transition phrases covered in the Narration and Illustration sections are also helpful in organizing process analysis essays (see Table 10.1 “Transition Words and Phrases for Expressing Time” and Table 10.2 “Phrases of Illustration”). Words such as first, second, third, next, and finally are helpful cues to orient reader and organize the content of essay.

Always have someone else read your process analysis to make sure it makes sense. Once we get too close to a subject, it is difficult to determine how clearly an idea is coming across. Having a friend or coworker read it over will serve as a good way to troubleshoot any confusing spots.

Choose two of the lists you created in Exercise 1 and start writing out the processes in paragraph form. Try to construct paragraphs based on the complexity of each step. For complicated steps, dedicate an entire paragraph. If less complicated steps fall in succession, group them into a single paragraph.

WRITING A PROCESS ANALYSIS ESSAY

Choose a topic that is interesting, is relatively complex, and can be explained in a series of steps. As with other rhetorical writing modes, choose a process that you know well so that you can more easily describe the finer details about each step in the process. Your thesis statement should come at the end of your introduction, and it should state the final outcome of the process you are describing.

Body paragraphs are composed of the steps in the process. Each step should be expressed using strong details and clear examples. Use time transition phrases to help organize steps in the process and to orient readers. The conclusion should thoroughly describe the result of the process described in the body paragraphs. 

Choose one of the expanded lists from Exercise 2. Construct a full process analysis essay from the work you have already done. That means adding an engaging introduction, a clear thesis, time transition phrases, body paragraphs, and a solid conclusion.

Key Takeaways

  • A process analysis essay explains how to do something, how something works, or both.
  • The process analysis essay opens with a discussion of the process and a thesis statement that states the outcome of the process.
  • The organization of a process analysis essay typically follows a chronological sequence.
  • Time transition phrases are particularly helpful in process analysis essays to organize steps and orient reader.

Process Analysis Copyright © 2016 by Writing for Success is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.

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How to Write a Process Analysis Essay Like a PRO

process analysis

Ever wondered how to explain a task or procedure in a way that's easy for others to follow? That's where a process analysis essay comes in. It's a type of writing that breaks down a process into clear steps, helping readers understand how to do something or how something works.

Imagine you're sharing your secret recipe for making the perfect sandwich. These essays let you guide someone through each stage – from gathering ingredients to assembling the sandwich – making it a breeze for them to recreate your tasty creation.

For a deep dive into this academic task, let our professional essay writers get into the nitty-gritty of how to write a process analysis essay smoothly and effectively.

What Is A Process Analysis Essay?

A process analysis essay is a type of academic writing that aims to explain how something is done, step by step. This genre of essay is distinctive in its focus on breaking down a complex process into manageable and understandable parts. Whether it's detailing the steps involved in making a recipe, explaining a scientific procedure, or elucidating the stages of a mechanical operation, the primary objective is to provide the reader with a clear understanding of the process.

Much like when learning how to write an expository essay , the hallmark of writing a process analysis essay is also its sequential organization. The steps or stages of the process are presented in a logical order, enabling the reader to follow the progression effortlessly. This chronological arrangement is crucial for the clarity and effectiveness of the essay.

A successful essay also takes into account the target audience. Whether it's a novice or an expert in the subject matter, the writer should tailor the explanations to suit the reader's level of understanding. This consideration ensures that the essay serves its instructional purpose effectively.

how to write a conclusion for a process analysis essay

How to Select Process Analysis Essay Topics

Choosing the right topic for your process essay is a pivotal step in ensuring both reader engagement and the effectiveness of your writing. One approach is to draw from your personal expertise, considering areas you are familiar with and passionate about. This not only facilitates a smoother writing process but also allows you to share genuine insights and tips.

Consider the practical utility and relevance of your chosen topic. Opt for processes that resonate with a wide audience, addressing common problems or challenges people encounter in their daily lives. Your essay can then serve as a practical guide, offering valuable solutions to everyday issues.

Exploring unconventional or unique processes adds a layer of novelty to your essay, capturing the reader's attention and providing insights they may not have encountered before. Additionally, process analysis examples that lend themselves well to visual representation, such as diagrams or charts, can enhance the overall effectiveness of your piece.

Delve into everyday mysteries that people often take for granted. By demystifying the inner workings of something familiar in your analysis, you can spark curiosity and engagement. Alternatively, you can always opt for an option to buy essay online for added convenience.

select process analysis topics

50 Great Process Analysis Essay Topics

Ever wondered about the secrets behind everyday activities? Imagine exploring 50 intriguing process essay topics, each dissecting the step-by-step magic of simple processes. Let's browse through these prompts and make writing process analysis essays more interesting.

  • How to brew the perfect cup of coffee using a French press.
  • The process of creating a personalized workout routine for beginners.
  • How to make homemade pizza dough from scratch.
  • How to organize a successful charity event in your community.
  • The process of assembling a basic bicycle.
  • How to effectively budget and manage personal finances.
  • How to create a visually appealing and informative infographic.
  • The process of making a custom scented candle at home.
  • How to conduct a productive job interview as an interviewer.
  • The process of designing and planting a small vegetable garden.
  • How to troubleshoot common computer issues on Windows.
  • How to properly clean and maintain a bicycle chain.
  • The process of writing a compelling and persuasive business proposal.
  • How to organize a cluttered closet and create a functional wardrobe.
  • How to make a healthy and delicious smoothie at home.
  • The process of creating a personalized study schedule for exams.
  • How to effectively communicate in a professional email.
  • How to plan and execute a successful road trip.
  • The process of setting up a basic home security system.
  • How to create a captivating and engaging presentation.
  • How to build a simple birdhouse for your backyard.
  • The process of brewing your own kombucha at home.
  • How to conduct a scientific experiment and analyze results.
  • How to create a personalized skincare routine for different skin types.
  • The process of developing a mobile app from concept to launch.
  • How to sew a basic button on a shirt or blouse.
  • How to properly install a car seat for infants.
  • The process of making homemade ice cream without an ice cream maker.
  • How to perform basic car maintenance, such as changing the oil.
  • How to create a DIY natural cleaning solution for your home.
  • The process of setting up and managing a blog.
  • How to paint a room and achieve a professional finish.
  • How to plan and execute a successful surprise party.
  • The process of creating a personalized morning routine for productivity.
  • How to tie different types of knots for various purposes.
  • How to effectively manage time and prioritize tasks.
  • The process of creating a budget-friendly meal plan for a week.
  • How to perform basic home repairs, such as fixing a leaky faucet.
  • How to organize and declutter your digital files and folders.
  • The process of creating a unique and personalized piece of artwork.
  • How to make your own natural and eco-friendly cleaning products.
  • How to develop a habit of daily meditation for stress relief.
  • The process of brewing your own beer at home.
  • How to design and plant a low-maintenance backyard garden.
  • How to create a podcast from recording to publishing.
  • The process of creating a DIY home spa day for relaxation.
  • How to effectively negotiate a salary or contract.
  • How to troubleshoot and fix common smartphone issues.
  • The process of creating a homemade face mask for skincare.
  • How to set up and organize a community clean-up event.

Creating a Step-by-Step Process Analysis Essay

Now, let's break down the process analysis essay structure into distinct sections, each with some unique insights:

process analysis guide

Begin your topic with a compelling introduction that captures the reader's attention. Provide a brief overview of the process you will be explaining. Consider adding a personal anecdote or a surprising fact to make your introduction more engaging. For instance, if your topic is about brewing coffee with a French press, start by describing the aroma of freshly ground beans or the anticipation of that first sip.

Craft a clear thesis statement that outlines the specific steps involved in the process and emphasizes its importance or benefits. For example, if your process analysis essay is about creating a personalized workout routine, your thesis might highlight how tailoring workouts can lead to better adherence and more significant fitness gains.

Dedicate a section to list and explain all the materials or ingredients needed for the process. Include any variations or alternatives, and offer tips on where to find specific items. For a topic on the homemade pizza dough recipe, this could involve discussing the different types of flour and their impact on crust texture.

This is the meat of your essay. Clearly articulate each step in the process. Use a logical progression, and consider incorporating visuals like diagrams or images for complex steps. Highlight potential pitfalls or common mistakes and suggest how to avoid them. In the case of a topic on the job interview process, discuss not just what to ask but also how to read non-verbal cues from candidates.

Share additional insights that can enhance the reader's experience with the process. This could involve shortcuts, time-saving techniques, or creative variations. If you're guiding readers on the topic of designing a mobile app, discuss emerging trends and user interface tricks that can make their app stand out.

Address potential challenges or roadblocks that readers might encounter in a separate process analysis essay paragraph. Provide solutions or alternative approaches to keep the process running smoothly. If your topic is about creating a blog, include a section on common blogging challenges (like writer's block) and how to overcome them.

Summarize the key points of the process without introducing new information. Reinforce the importance of following the steps and achieving the desired outcome. Consider ending with an invitation for readers to share their experiences or ask questions. For instance, if you've guided them through the process of organizing a surprise party, conclude by encouraging them to share their favorite surprises in return.

Process Analysis Essay Outline

Here's an example of a process essay outline using the topic 'How to Brew the Perfect Cup of Coffee Using a French Press':

I. Introduction

  • Opening Hook: Start your process essay with a vivid description or a surprising fact about the aroma of freshly ground coffee.
  • Background Information: Briefly introduce the French press and its significance in brewing coffee.
  • Thesis Statement: Highlight the steps involved in brewing an exceptional cup of coffee using a French press and the rewarding experience it provides.

II. Materials Needed

  • French Press: Explain the different parts of the French press and their functions.
  • Fresh Coffee Beans: Discuss the importance of using quality beans and potential flavor variations.
  • Coffee Grinder: Highlight the benefits of grinding your coffee beans just before brewing.
  • Hot Water: Specify the temperature and quality of water needed for optimal extraction.
  • Stirring Spoon and Timer: Emphasize the role of stirring for even extraction and the importance of precise timing.

III. Step-by-Step Instructions

1: Measure Coffee Beans

  • Discuss the recommended coffee-to-water ratio for a strong or mild brew.
  • Highlight the significance of precision in measurement.

2: Grinding Coffee Beans

  • Explain the grind size suitable for a French press.
  • Emphasize the impact of grind size on flavor extraction.

3: Boiling Water

  • Specify the optimal water temperature.
  • Discuss the significance of using filtered water for better taste.

4: Adding Coffee Grounds to the French Press

  • Provide tips on evenly distributing grounds in the press.
  • Discuss the importance of a consistent coffee bed for extraction.

5: Pouring Water and Stirring

  • Explain the pouring technique to saturate all coffee grounds.
  • Highlight the purpose of stirring for uniform flavor extraction.

6: Placing the Lid and Waiting

  • Discuss the recommended steeping time.
  • Address common misconceptions about steeping duration.

7: Pressing and Pouring

  • Explain the proper technique for pressing down the plunger.
  • Provide tips on pouring to avoid sediment in the cup.

IV. Tips and Tricks

  • Experimenting with Brew Time: Encourage readers to adjust steeping time based on personal taste preferences.
  • Choosing Coffee Varieties: Suggest trying different coffee bean varieties for unique flavor profiles.
  • Maintaining the French Press: Provide tips on cleaning and storage for longevity.
  • V. Troubleshooting
  • Bitter Coffee: Address possible causes and solutions.
  • Weak Brew: Discuss adjustments to make for a stronger cup.
  • Grounds in Coffee: Provide guidance on minimizing sediment.

VI. Conclusion

  • Summarize Key Steps: Recap the essential steps for brewing a perfect cup.
  • Reinforce Thesis: Reiterate the satisfaction of achieving a flavorful cup using a French press.
  • Call to Action: Invite readers to try the process and share their experiences.

This process analysis essay structure provides a structured framework, making sure your ideas flow smoothly from the start to the finish. Feel free to tweak it to match your essay's needs and your own personal touch!

Process Analysis Essay Example

Using an example topic can be a real time-saver. Take a look at our complimentary process analysis example for a peek into how these essays should be structured.

How to Bake a Perfect Chocolate Chip Cookie

Introduction: 

Baking chocolate chip cookies is a delightful and rewarding experience that can be enjoyed by novice and experienced bakers alike. While the end result may seem like a simple treat, achieving the perfect balance of gooey texture and rich flavor requires a careful and systematic process. In this process analysis essay, we will explore the step-by-step procedure to bake a batch of irresistible chocolate chip cookies.

Ingredients: 

Before diving into the baking process, gather the following ingredients:

  • 1 cup unsalted butter, softened
  • 1 cup granulated sugar
  • 1 cup packed brown sugar
  • 2 large eggs
  • 1 teaspoon vanilla extract
  • 3 cups all-purpose flour
  • 1 teaspoon baking soda
  • 1/2 teaspoon baking powder
  • 1/2 teaspoon salt
  • 2 cups chocolate chips

Step 1: Preheat the Oven. Start by preheating your oven to 350°F (175°C). This ensures that the cookies will bake evenly and achieve the perfect golden-brown color.

Step 2: Cream the Butter and Sugars. In a large mixing bowl, cream together the softened butter, granulated sugar, and brown sugar until the mixture is light and fluffy. This step is crucial for creating a soft and chewy texture in the cookies.

Step 3: Add Eggs and Vanilla. Add the eggs one at a time, beating well after each addition. Then, mix in the vanilla extract to enhance the overall flavor of the cookies.

Step 4: Combine Dry Ingredients. In a separate bowl, whisk together the all-purpose flour, baking soda, baking powder, and salt. Gradually add this dry mixture to the wet ingredients, ensuring a thorough incorporation.

Step 5: Fold in Chocolate Chips. Gently fold in the chocolate chips until they are evenly distributed throughout the cookie dough. This step is where the sweetness and richness of the chocolate chips come into play.

Step 6: Scoop and Bake. Using a cookie scoop or a tablespoon, drop rounded balls of cookie dough onto a parchment-lined baking sheet. Ensure enough space between each cookie to allow for spreading during baking.

Step 7: Bake to Perfection. Place the baking sheet in the preheated oven and bake for 10-12 minutes or until the edges are golden brown. Keep a close eye on the cookies to avoid overbaking, as this can result in a dry texture.

Step 8: Cool and Enjoy. Allow the cookies to cool on the baking sheet for a few minutes before transferring them to a wire rack to cool completely. Once cooled, indulge in the heavenly combination of a crisp outer layer and a soft, gooey center.

Conclusion: 

Baking the perfect chocolate chip cookie is a delightful journey that involves precision and attention to detail. By following this step-by-step process, you can create a batch of cookies that will undoubtedly be a hit with friends and family. So, preheat your oven, gather your ingredients, and embark on the delicious adventure of baking the perfect chocolate chip cookie.

how to write a conclusion for a process analysis essay

What Aspects Should Be Considered While Writing a Process Analysis?

Can you guide me on creating a process analysis essay outline, what are some great process analysis essay topics, what does process analysis paragraph mean, can i use informative process analysis essay examples.

how to write a conclusion for a process analysis essay

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9.3: Writing a Process Analysis Essay

  • Last updated
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  • Page ID 6278

  • Amber Kinonen, Jennifer McCann, Todd McCann, & Erica Mead
  • Bay College Library

Choose a topic that is interesting, is relatively complex, and can be explained in a series of steps. As with other rhetorical writing modes, choose a process that you know well so that you can more easily describe the finer details about each step in the process. In fact, the process should be one in which you can add relevant personal examples, including tips, tricks, and anecdotes to make it your own. It should not read like a recipe or an instructional manual; it should be personal and engaging. Furthermore, your thesis statement should come at the end of your introduction, and it should state the final outcome of the process you are describing.

Body paragraphs are composed of the steps in the process. Each step should be expressed using strong details and clear examples. Use time transition phrases to help organize steps in the process and to orient readers. The conclusion should thoroughly describe the result of the process described in the body paragraphs.

key takeaways

  • A process analysis essay explains how to do something, how something works, or both.
  • The process analysis essay opens with a discussion of the process and a thesis statement that states the outcome of the process.
  • The organization of a process analysis essay typically follows a chronological sequence.
  • Time transition phrases are particularly helpful in process analysis essays to organize steps and orient reader

Examples of Essays

  • “How to Make it in College, Now That You’re Here,” by Brian O’Keeney
  • “Orientation,” by Daniel Orozco
  • “How to Operate the Shower Curtain,” by Ian Frazier • “Behind the Formaldehyde Curtain,” by Jessica Mitford
  • “7 Easy Steps to Quit Smoking”

How to write a process essay

Duygu Demiröz

  • August 25, 2023

Process essays are one of the most common types of essays . It’s simply explaining a process of how to do something. 

In this article, we’ll show you how to write a process essay in steps with interactive examples. 

Process essay definition

Let’s take a look at the steps outlined below to write a clear and effective process essay. 

Choose a topic

You should start by choosing a topic that not only interests you but also attracts your target audience. 

Whether it’s brewing the perfect cup of coffee or conquering the art of origami, your topic should be engaging and well-defined.  Let’s have a look at topic examples:

  • Crafting Exquisite Miniature Bookbindings
  • Building a Sustainable Vertical Garden
  • Making the Perfect Cup of Coffee

So for this guide, I’ve chosen “Making the Perfect Cup of Coffee”. Now let’s continue with the next steps.

Create a process essay outline

Now that you’ve your topic at hand, it’s time to create an outline to present the steps chronologically. Outline will also help you organize your thoughts and ideas so you won’t get lost during the writing process.

Let’s examine this step with an example of a process essay explaining “Making the Perfect Cup of Coffee”.

Process essay outline example

  • Thesis statement
  • Provide safety precautions if necessary.
  • Address to the reader
  • Provide any variations or customization options if applicable.
  • End with a memorable concluding thought or call to action.

By presenting the steps in chronological order, your readers can follow the process smoothly. 

During this step, just make sure to:

  • Expand on each step you outlined earlier.
  • Use clear and concise language.
  • Make use of bullet points or numbered lists to make the process visually appealing.

After completing the outline, it’s time to write an interesting introduction.

Write an introduction

  • Hook the reader's interest with a hook sentence
  • Offer a brief overview of the topic and its significance
  • Introduce and explain the process with a thesis statement at the end of introduction

Process essay introduction example

Introduction

Now that we have an intro on our hand, you need to tell what materials you need to finish the process.

Write the materials needed for the process

Listing the necessary materials for the process is a best practice for process essays. Typically found just after the introduction, this paragraph is devoted to outlining the necessary materials.

Here, p rioritizing the list is important; the more influential a component is, the higher its position on the list should be.

Example material list for process essay

Body paragraphs

Materials needed

  • High-quality coffee beans that align with your flavor preference.
  • A grinder for optimal flavor extraction.
  • Equipment for brewing methods, such as a pour-over apparatus, a drip coffee maker, a French press, or an espresso machine.
  • Fresh and clean water for brewing.
  • Optional additives like milk, cream, sugar, flavored syrups, or other preferred elements.

Start writing the process

Right after listing the materials needed, it’s time to start writing the process itself.

When describing your process, be careful not to make it too complicated. To keep your readers on track, use transitional words like “after,” “eventually,” “first,” “then,” and others help you maintain an understandable tone.  

Or simply use a 1,2,3, bullet point structure as seen in example below to remind readers of their step during the process.

Body paragraphs - Process writing example

Materials needed ...

  • Grind the beans just before brewing for optimal freshness. Use a burr grinder and adjust the coarseness to match your brewing method (coarse for French press, fine for espresso).
  • Weigh your coffee grounds using a scale. A standard ratio is 1 to 2 tablespoons of coffee per 6 ounces of water, but adjust to your taste.
  • Ensure the water is heated to the ideal temperature, typically between 195-205°F (90-96°C). Water that's too hot or too cold can affect the taste.
  • Pay attention to the brewing time. Generally, 4-5 minutes is suitable for most methods, but again, adjust based on your preference.
  • After finishing, regularly clean your coffee maker or French press to prevent rancid oils and residue from affecting your coffee's taste.

As seen from the example above, using an imperative language structure is generally preferable. It makes total sense as you’re describing a process in steps and usually don’t need a full sentence structure. 

Give tips and supporting details

After explaining the process above, it’s now time to provide tips and supporting details. Here, make use examples, tips, and even warnings if necessary. 

In other words, anticipate the questions your readers might have and address them as you go along. 

Body paragraphs - Supporting details

Supporting details & tips

  • Ensure safe handling of hot water and coffee-making equipment.
  • Water that's too hot can result in over-extraction, while water that's too cold won't extract enough flavor.

Write a conclusion

At this step, you simply need to write a conclusion paragraph to end your process essay. First summarize the key points, and restate the process in a concise and short sentence. And finally, finish your process essay by a memorable sentence or a call-to-action. 

Process essay conclusion example

Revise and polish your essay.

Now that you’ve written your essay, take a breath, and then come back for some editing. Check for consistency, correct sentence structure, efficient transitions , tense selection , and other linguistic issues that may arise. 

If possible, make use of proofreading tools like QuillBot or Grammarly . 

  • Think about potential reader misunderstandings and address them. If needed, explain what should be avoided.
  • Offer explanations for steps that might seem unusual or complicated.
  • Define any unfamiliar terms or materials that the reader might not understand. This ensures clarity in your essay.

So  you’ve successfully learned how to write a captivating process essay. Remember, practice makes perfect. The more you write, the better you’ll become.

Duygu Demiröz

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How to Write a Process Analysis Essay

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A process analysis essay involves exploring each step to successfully complete a certain action. You shouldn't just  mention all mandatory steps to perform any task, but should also anlyze them.

Writing a process analysis essay isn’t easy, but you shouldn't give up. We have prepared this guide to help you with any challenges that you may face when writing this type of essay. Keep on reading and find out how to write a process analysis essay. Let’s get started!

What Is a Process Analysis Essay: Definition

A process analysis essay is a type of academic writing that describes any process in detail or gives step-by-step guidelines one should follow to complete something. Your primary task is to explain complex procedures in a simple way. A process analysis essay touches on various topics, including cosmetics production or baking ginger cookies. One should provide information about such things in their process analysis:  

  • Sequence of actions to be performed;
  • Basics of turning some idea into reality;
  • How some device works.

Now, let’s see what types of  process analysis  there are and choose a fitting one for you.  

Process Analysis Essay Types

There are two main types process analysis essays:

  • Informative writing
  • Directional writing .

Each of these types has peculiar features and may have a different structure. Regardless of the chosen type, several basic rules should be followed. For example, you should create a logical sequence of steps and avoid confusing readers. It can be quite difficult to achieve this result, but you should not stop at this preparation stage.

Informative Process Analysis Essay

Let’s first figure out what is an informative process analysis essay. An informative type of writing is where you explain how any process happens. Its purpose is to describe the mandatory steps necessary for task completion. You can also mention the peculiarities and complexities of some procedures. Do not deviate from the topic, though! Stay on point and provide only relevant details.

Directional Process Analysis Essay

The main difference of a directional process analysis essay is that a writer should point out all steps involved in completing some task. It could be any story about making some homemade meal or sewing fashionable clothes from improvised materials. While reading this type of essay, readers can use your hints. Directional piece contains guidelines that help understand how the entire process works, including preparation, procedure and completion. This kind of writing is popular because your topic choice is not limited.  

Process Analysis Essay: Outline

An outline of a process analysis essay consists of 3 parts: an introduction, main body and conclusion. Use a logical sequence to create your outline. By following a complete list of the main sections, it is possible to keep a logical connection between paragraphs. Outline

  • Clear definition
  • Useful background details
  • Thesis statement
  • Topic sentence introducing step 1
  • Explanation of step 1
  • Possible complications and suggestions
  • Topic sentence introducing step 2
  • Step description
  • Topic sentence introducing step 3
  • Final thoughts

Getting the desired result without creating a detailed outline will not work. The whole point is that the lack of a clear writing essay structure affects the quality of writing. There is a high risk of missing important details and not specifying some key points. It is quite difficult to keep focus on important details without a prepared structure.

Process Analysis Essay: Structure

Academic paper writing requires following a clear order. Here’s a typical structure of a process analysis essay StudyCrumb prepared to help you stay organized:

  • Introduction: describes some basic information.
  • Main body: lists necessary tools and equipment.
  • Conclusion: provides steps for process completion.

The author will need to adhere to some basic rules to maintain consistency while describing something. This structure provides an easy-to-follow plan for suggested actions. The paragraphs quantity and size are individually determined.

How to Start a Process Analysis Essay

In the introduction paragraph of the process analysis essay, it is worth mentioning the main topic. An introductory part of the prepared work tells readers about the practical value of your topic. Report how a described procedure can be used and what benefits it can offer. Make sure that the provided information is useful. Do not stuff your essay with historical information and other useless information. Your main task is to share an algorithm of actions without exaggerating. Keep the information consistent and don't get readers confused. For a better understanding, use how to start an essay examples .

Process Analysis Essay Body

Getting the reader's attention is only half the battle. Process and analysis essay is nothing but a description of how to perform some task. In the main part of your process analysis essay, you should mention necessary tools for task execution. Make sure you include a list of tricks that will help simplify procedures. All explanations should be provided as the process progresses, and jumping from point to point is definitely not a good idea. Consistency is the main rule that cannot be ignored. Use lists to format your guidelines. Make smooth transitions to keep logical connections between paragraphs. You are more than welcome to add some additional information on how the task can be simplified. However, this is not mandatory.  

How to Write a Conclusion for a Process Analysis Essay

Would you like to know how to conclude an essay ? Writing a conclusion paragraph for a process analysis essay does not require mentioning new details. You should just summarize your critical points stated in your body. Highlight the main steps and describe a final result in your concluding paragraph. It is also necessary to refrain from giving any tips and recommendations, as they should be written in the main body. The final part of your essay should contain explanations about the importance of some procedure. After everything is done, take your time to carefully read your content.  

How to Write a Process Analysis Essay: Useful Tips

There are several steps you should follow when writing a process analysis essay. Choosing a topic, creating an outline and following the obligatory structure is the right direction. However, there are several important recommendations that you should remember:

  • Present steps in chronological order.
  • Limit the amount of useless information.
  • Create clear explanations about the importance of each step.
  • Use essay transitions words in your process analysis essay.
  • Prepare a detailed action sequence to avoid confusion.
  • Describe steps as simply as possible and without adding unnecessary information.
  • Don’t use brief historical or other excerpts.

Now that you know everything it’s time to check some samples.

Process Analysis Essay Examples

After considering some examples of process analysis essays, it becomes easier to move on to writing an excellent paper. Use our sample as a guideline while preparing your paper. Note that examples include an explanation and the process result.

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Final Thoughts on Process and Analysis Essay

Writing your process analysis essay shouldn’t be complicated if you follow our tips. Make sure you prepare some basic outline and structure your ideas. And don’t forget to proofread your essay using this grammar checker free . After all, you don’t want to submit your paper stuffed with mistakes.

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Contact StudyCrumb – an academic writing service helping students create powerful academic texts. Backed by professional writers, we offer top-notch solutions to any challenges you may have.  

Frequently Asked Questions

1. how many paragraphs are in a process analysis essay.

The number of paragraphs in the process and analysis essay is determined based on your topic. Nevertheless, students often follow a typical 5-paragraph essay structure. Your essay should include an introduction, main body and a final part.

2. Can a process analysis essay be in second person?

Readers interested in the topic will appreciate a dialogue. You can use second person narrative to make your writing more directed and motivating. You should refer to You (plural) in your work. This will help establish a connection with your readers.

3. How is process essay different from other essays?

The main difference between a process and analysis essay is that this paper provides a sequence of steps. You won't find such detailed explanations in other academic papers. A detailed description accompanied by clear explanations allows you to easily grasp your topic. Use the principle of chronology for better understanding. The article should contain a list of steps and other keys to successful task completion.

4. What is the format of a process analysis essay?

The process analysis essay can be written using different formatting styles. There are 3 most used paper formats: MLA, APA and Chicago. Each of these formats has specific formatting requirements and citation rules. You can choose a proper style depending on your field of study.

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5 Steps to Writing a Process Analysis Essay

This type of writing lives up to its name. Process analysis essay explains how some process happens. How-to articles, guides, or culinary recipes are non-academic analogs of process analysis essays.

Let’s learn how to write this paper to get an A+ and make readers love what they see.

What Is a Process Analysis Essay?

The purpose is to describe phenomena or actions pointing out a specific result [1]. In your essay, readers expect to see a detailed plan of how to do something or how something works or happens.

There are different types of process analysis. Below are five to consider for crafting your paper.

Five types of process analysis

  • Directive process analysis.  You provide a detailed guide on how to do something and get the desired result.
  • Informational process analysis.  You provide a detailed explanation of how something is done or happening.
  • Causal process analysis.  You show cause-and-effect relations and emphasize them.
  • Comparative process analysis.  You compare two or more processes and point out their similarities and differences.
  • Progressive process analysis.  You focus on the chronological order of a process and stick to it in your descriptions and explanations.

Directive vs. informational analysis

These two types are the most widespread, so students often confuse them. The difference between them is simple:

A directive analysis  is for describing the processes readers can put into practice. Example: an article on how to bake a cupcake. Written well, it directs a person with no advanced cooking skills but patience and attention to try making yummy cupcakes.

Another example can be a process analysis of how a spaceship works. It’s clear that working with spaceships requires previous education, preparation, and specific knowledge. Readers will hardly put this analysis into practice but understand the basic principles of how a ship works. In this case, your process analysis essay will be  informational , showing how something works or happens.

Informational analysis is also relevant for the processes that take part without human efforts or intervention, like different natural processes (volcanic eruption, sedimentation, etc.).

How to Write a Process Analysis Essay

When you work on a process analysis essay, your efforts start long before you write its first word. First, you choose a proper topic. Then, you craft an outline for your future essay to be informative and coherent.

Keep reading for more details on these and three other steps to process essay writing.

1) Choose a topic

The secret of a stellar essay is your honest interest in the topic. If your teacher assigns several titles to choose from, take the one you like most. If you don’t see anything engaging, try to suggest your topic: When related to the discipline you study, the big chance is a teacher will approve it. More than that, you can get extra points for showing initiative.

When you need to choose a topic yourself, consider those exciting yet familiar to you. Remember that you’ll describe the process: It will be much easier to write about something you know well, agree?

Thus, you can be a big fan of science fiction, but it doesn’t mean you understand all the elements of a powerful sci-fi story creation. In contrast, you might know how to do the laundry but have zero wish and interest in writing about that. Find something you know and are passionate about.

Here are several topic ideas for a process analysis essay to inspire you:

  • The process of conducting effective academic research
  • How to create a budget and manage personal finances in college
  • Developing a study schedule for optimal time management
  • How to  write an essay about yourself
  • The process of learning a new language: strategies for effective self-study
  • How to design an eco-friendly project
  • Steps to planning your future career path
  • Getting ready to engage with public speech: from idea to delivery
  • The process of conducting an effective job search
  • How to develop healthy eating habits: meal planning

2) Outline your paper

process-analysis-essay-outline

Many students consider outlining a waste of time, but it’s a must for writing a stellar essay. It allows you to see the structure of your paper beforehand and revise it if necessary. An outline helps notice gaps and ensure you won’t miss any argument you plan to include in your essay.

You don’t need to make a  perfect  outline before you start writing. It happens that the logic of the text guides you, and you see where to add more, write less, or swap paragraphs. But the outline will show your main points, and you can see if you cover the topic logically or need to change something.

3) Write an introduction

Don’t start too far. For example, if writing about cooking banana pancakes, you don’t need to start with a history of banana farms. You can give some background information if it’s necessary to understand the topic but emphasize more essential points related to the process.

Here’s how to start a process analysis essay:

  • Write a hook sentence to engage readers.
  • Provide background information on the topic (in short!).
  • State a thesis: Tell readers what you’ll describe or explain.

4) Format your process essay body

In the essay body, explain each step or stage of the process. You have two tasks here:

  • Divide it into logical steps [2]. (Your prepared outline will help!)
  • Describe each step, but don’t go into unnecessary detail.

It’s probably one of the most essential lessons for you to learn about writing a process analysis essay—how to explain the process to the audience without going too far and confusing them.

5) Craft a concluding paragraph

In the conclusion, you restate the main steps or stages in short. The general rule is that you shouldn’t provide new information in your final paragraph:

Summarize the body paragraphs and add a few motivating words for readers. 

You can say why the described process is relevant nowadays, why it’s exciting, or where your audience can find more details about it. Leave them with some food for thought so they remember your essay and want to learn more about the process you explained.

Process Analysis Essay Example

Below is a sample to use for informative and educational purposes. It will help you understand the process anylisis structure:

Key Takeaways

  • Given the different types of process analysis, choose the right one before you start writing.
  • Pick a topic you know well and are passionate about.
  • Write the outline: It shows if your essay will be logical and cover the topic.
  • Don’t start your introduction too far from the main point.
  • Be specific in your descriptions and explanations, but don’t confuse your readers with too many details.
  • Don’t add anything new to the conclusion of your essay. Instead, briefly note why your topic is relevant or interesting.

References:

  • https://www.utoledo.edu/al/english/programs/composition/studio/pdf/Process_Analysis.pdf
  • https://www.delmar.edu/offices/swc/_resources/Composition/process-essay.pdf
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Process Analysis Essay

Caleb S.

How to Write Process Analysis Essay - Examples & Tips

11 min read

Published on: Jun 1, 2022

Last updated on: Jan 29, 2024

Process Analysis Essay

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Many students struggle with writing effective process analysis essays, unsure of how to structure their writing.

This lack of knowledge and understanding often leads to subpar essays that fail to engage readers and convey the intended message.

But don’t worry, CollegeEssay.org has got you covered!

In this blog, we aim to provide you with a comprehensive guide on writing exceptional process analysis essays. 

We will walk you through the step-by-step techniques and expert tips to help you craft engaging process analysis essays 

So, without further ado, let’s get started.

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What is a Process Analysis Essay?

A process analysis essay is a type of essay writing that explains a step-by-step procedure of how something is done or how a particular process works. 

It breaks down complex tasks or activities into smaller, more manageable parts. This provides clear instructions and guides the reader through the process.

These essays typically focus on practical activities or procedures. It can be as simple as cooking a recipe, assembling a piece of furniture or performing a scientific experiment.

The goal is to provide readers with a thorough understanding of the process and enable them to replicate it successfully.

Types of Process Analysis Essay

When it comes to process analysis essays, there are two primary types that writers commonly employ: 

Directional Process Analysis

Informational process analysis.

Each type serves a specific purpose and provides a different approach to analyzing and explaining a process.

Directional process analysis essays focus on providing step-by-step instructions on how to perform a particular task or process. 

The primary goal is to guide the reader through the process, ensuring they can replicate it successfully. 

This type of essay is commonly used for tasks that involve a specific outcome, such as cooking recipes, DIY projects, or assembling furniture.

Informational process analysis essays focus on explaining a process in-depth and providing a deeper understanding of how it works. 

This type of essay is commonly used for complex or technical procedures, scientific experiments, or historical events. 

It may involve explaining the inner workings of a machine, describing the stages of a biological process, or outlining the steps in a research methodology.

Process Analysis Essay Structure 

The structure of a process analysis essay plays a vital role in guiding the reader through the step-by-step procedure.

Here's a breakdown of the key components that should be included in the structure:

Introduction

Start your essay with an engaging introduction that provides background information about the process and grabs the reader's attention. 

Clearly state the purpose of the process and its significance. You can also include any necessary prerequisites or materials required for the process.

Step-by-Step Instructions

The core of your process analysis essay lies in providing clear and concise instructions for each step of the process. 

Organize the steps in a logical order, ensuring that they flow seamlessly from one to another. Use transitional words and phrases to maintain the coherence of the essay.

Conclude your essay by summarizing the key points of the process and emphasizing its significance or benefits. 

You can also provide additional tips or suggestions for further improvement or variations on the process.

Here’s a generic process analysis essay outline for your understanding.

Note: The number of steps in the outline will vary depending on the complexity of the process being analyzed. Adjust the outline accordingly by adding or removing steps as necessary.

How to Write a Process Analysis Essay

Writing a process analysis essay requires careful planning and attention to detail. From getting started to crafting an effective conclusion , let's explore the essential steps involved in creating a successful process analysis essay.

How to Start a Process Analysis Essay

To begin a process analysis essay, follow these steps:

  • Select an Engaging Topic

Choose a topic that is interesting and relevant to your audience. Consider the complexity of the process and whether it can be adequately explained within the scope of your essay.

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  • Conduct Research

Gather all the necessary information about the process. This may include personal experience, expert knowledge, or reliable sources. Familiarize yourself with the process to ensure accuracy and credibility in your writing.

  • Determine the Target Audience

Identify the intended audience for your essay. This will help you tailor your language, level of detail, and the overall approach to suit their needs and understanding.

  • Develop a Clear Thesis Statement

Craft a concise thesis statement that highlights the purpose and significance of the process. This statement will guide your writing and keep your essay focused.

Here’s an example of a thesis statement for a process analysis essay:

Writing The Body Paragraphs

When it comes to writing the body paragraphs of your process analysis essay, it's essential to present the steps of the process in a clear and organized manner. Here's how you can effectively structure and write the body paragraphs:

  • Present the Step in Detail

In the subsequent sentences, elaborate on the step, providing a thorough explanation of how it should be carried out. 

Use clear and descriptive language to guide the reader through each action. Consider incorporating transitional words or phrases to ensure smooth flow between steps.

  • Use Supporting Examples or Illustrations

Enhance the clarity and comprehension of your instructions by including supporting examples or illustrations. 

This can be in the form of images, diagrams, or real-life scenarios that help the reader visualize and better understand the step.

  • Address Potential Challenges or Tips

Within each body paragraph, address any potential challenges or difficulties that the reader might encounter during the step. Offer tips, suggestions, or warnings to assist the reader in overcoming these obstacles and ensuring a successful execution of the process.

  • Maintain a Logical Order

Arrange the body paragraphs in a logical order that follows the sequence of the process. This helps the reader navigate through the essay smoothly and ensures that the steps are presented in a coherent and organized manner.

  • Use Transitional Phrases

Utilize transitional phrases to create a smooth transition between paragraphs. These phrases help to connect ideas and maintain the flow of information from one step to another.

  • Keep the Reader Engaged

Throughout the body paragraphs, keep the reader engaged by using a variety of sentence structures, and maintaining a conversational tone. 

This will make the essay more enjoyable to read and help the reader stay focused.

How to End a Process Analysis Essay

To effectively conclude your process analysis essay, follow these steps:

  • Summarize the Process

Provide a concise summary of the entire process, recapping the key steps and important details. Ensure that the reader has a clear understanding of the overall procedure.

  • Emphasize the Significance

Explain the importance or benefits of the process to the reader. Help them understand why mastering this process is valuable or how it can impact their lives or achieve a desired outcome.

  • Offer Additional Tips or Variations

Consider providing some extra insights or suggestions that can enhance the reader's understanding or offer alternative approaches to the process. This demonstrates your expertise and provides added value to the reader.

  • Leave the Reader with a Thoughtful Ending

Craft a closing sentence or paragraph that leaves a lasting impression on the reader. It can be a thought-provoking statement, a call to action, or a reflection on the broader implications of the process.

Process Analysis Essay Examples

To provide you with a better understanding of process analysis essays, here are a few examples of common topics and their corresponding essay titles:

Process Analysis Essay Example: How to Bake a Perfect Chocolate Chip Cookie

How to Assemble a DIY Bookshelf

How to Plant a Flower Garden

Process Analysis Essay Topics

When it comes to choosing a topic for your process analysis essay, the options are vast and diverse. 

Here are some engaging and interesting process analysis essay topics to consider:

  • How to effectively manage your time for improved productivity
  • The process of brewing the perfect cup of coffee
  • Step-by-step guide to creating a budget and managing personal finances
  • Exploring the process of making homemade pizza from scratch
  • The art of crafting a captivating and engaging presentation
  • How to write an impressive resume and cover letter for job applications
  • The process of planning and executing a successful event or party
  • Step-by-step guide to mastering a musical instrument of your choice
  • The process of developing a healthy exercise routine for beginners
  • Exploring the steps involved in creating a stunning piece of artwork

Remember to select a topic that you are passionate about or have expertise in, as it will make the writing process more enjoyable and authentic.

Looking for more topics? Here’s our extensive list of process analysis essay topics !

Tips On Writing An Effective Process Analysis Essay

Writing an effective process analysis essay requires careful planning and attention to detail. Here are some tips to help you craft a compelling and informative essay:

  • Select a Clear and Manageable Process

Choose a process that is clear, manageable, and aligns with the purpose of your essay. Ensure that it can be broken down into clear steps and is suitable for the desired length of your essay.

  • Conduct Thorough Research

Before writing, gather all the necessary information about the process. Research reliable sources, consult experts, or draw from personal experience to ensure accuracy and credibility in your writing.

  • Use a Clear and Logical Structure

Organize your essay in a clear and logical manner to avoid confusion. Begin with an engaging introduction, followed by a comprehensive body that presents each step of the process. 

End with a strong conclusion that summarizes the key points and emphasizes the significance of the process.

  • Provide Clear Step-by-Step Instructions

Clearly explain each step of the process, using concise and precise language. Break down complex tasks into smaller, more manageable actions. 

Use bullet points or numbered lists to enhance readability and make the instructions easy to follow.

  • Address Potential Challenges or Difficulties

Anticipate and address any potential challenges or difficulties that the reader may encounter during the process. Offer tips, suggestions, or troubleshooting advice to help them navigate these obstacles successfully.

  • Use Clear and Concise Language

Write in a clear and concise manner, avoiding unnecessary jargon or complex language. Use simple and straightforward sentences to ensure clarity and understanding.

  • Edit and Revise

After completing the initial draft, take the time to edit and revise your essay. Check for clarity, coherence, and consistency. Ensure that the instructions are accurate and that the essay flows smoothly from one step to another.

To get further insights into writing directional and informational process analysis essays, check out this video below.

In conclusion , writing a process analysis essay can greatly enhance your ability to communicate and instruct effectively. 

By following the steps and tips outlined here, you can craft compelling essays that engage readers and empower them to undertake various processes.

Our AI essay generator can also provide expert guidance and assistance throughout the writing process.

If you're looking for additional support with your college essays or any other academic writing, CollegeEssay.org is here to help.

Our process essay writing service will save you from the stress of researching and writing the essay. 

So, what are you waiting for?

Check out our essay writing website today and start your journey toward writing excellence. 

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Process Analysis Essay

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how to write a conclusion for a process analysis essay

50 Great Topics for a Process Analysis Essay

Illustration by Jiaqi Zhou. ThoughtCo.

  • Writing Essays
  • Writing Research Papers
  • English Grammar
  • Ph.D., Rhetoric and English, University of Georgia
  • M.A., Modern English and American Literature, University of Leicester
  • B.A., English, State University of New York

If you've ever read an instruction manual or written a set of directions, then you are probably familiar with process analysis writing. This form of composition is often used in the field of technical writing to explain the process of a complex system logically and objectively. Because the material covered in process analyses can be quite complicated, this type of writing tends to be detailed and long.

What Is Process Analysis Writing?

Process analysis writing involves a comprehensive set of instructions that explains a process from beginning to end. To successfully write a process analysis essay, writers must critically analyze each step of the process they have chosen to describe and determine the most reasonable way of delivering information before writing. Expertise is required when explaining a process with this level of detail and this can be obtained through firsthand experience or thorough research.

The topic of a process analysis essay needs to be as specific as possible and it is crucial that the tone of the essay be clear and straightforward. A writer's main goal when crafting a process analysis essay should be to make a process easy to follow. Below is a set of tips that will help you achieve this.

Tips for Writing a Process Analysis Essay

When writing an essay or speech through process analysis , keep these tips in mind:

  • Include all steps and arrange them in chronological order .
  • Explain why each step is necessary and include warnings when appropriate.
  • Define any terms that may be unfamiliar to readers.
  • Offer clear descriptions ​of any required tools or materials.
  • Give your readers a way to measure the success of the finished process.

50 Process Analysis Essay Topics

Writers will have an easier time writing process analysis essays and following the above guidelines for topics they know well. To begin, choose a subject that you enjoy writing about and know that you can explain well. These prompts offer potential process analysis essay topics to get you started.

  • How to mow your lawn
  • How to win a game of Texas hold 'em poker
  • How to lose weight without losing your mind
  • How to find the perfect roommate
  • How to get rid of a roommate—without committing a crime
  • How to achieve academic success in college
  • How to pitch a knuckleball in baseball
  • How to plan the perfect party
  • How to survive a night of babysitting
  • How to pitch a tent in the rain
  • How to housebreak your dog
  • How to kick a bad habit
  • How to overcome insomnia
  • How to stay sober on a Saturday night
  • How to rent your first apartment
  • How to avoid a nervous breakdown during exams
  • How to enjoy the weekend for less than $20
  • How to make the perfect brownies
  • How to keep resolve arguments with your spouse
  • How to bathe a cat
  • How to get what you want through complaining
  • How to survive a recession
  • How to toilet train a baby
  • How to gain self-confidence
  • How to use Twitter sensibly and effectively
  • How to wash a sweater
  • How to remove stubborn stains
  • How to build successful relationships with instructors
  • How to give yourself a haircut
  • How to plan the perfect class schedule
  • How to apply the Heimlich maneuver
  • How to end a relationship
  • How to make a flaky pie crust
  • How to take the best photographs with a smartphone camera
  • How to quit smoking
  • How to get around without a car
  • How to make the perfect cup of coffee or tea
  • How to maintain an eco-friendly and affordable lifestyle
  • How to build a great sandcastle
  • How to edit a video
  • How to build and maintain a stable friendship
  • How to insert contact lenses
  • How to write a great exam
  • How to teach responsibility to a child
  • How to groom your dog
  • How ice cream is made
  • How a cell phone takes pictures
  • How a magician saws a woman in half
  • How solar panels work
  • How to choose a major in college
  • Evaluating a Process Analysis Essay
  • How to Write a Great Process Essay
  • List of Topics for How-to Essays
  • Process Analysis in Composition
  • How to Break in a New Baseball Glove
  • Tips for the Pre-2013 Personal Essay Options on the Common Application
  • Topical Organization Essay
  • Expository Essay Genre With Suggested Prompts
  • How to Write a Narrative Essay or Speech
  • MBA Essay Tips
  • Composition Type: Problem-Solution Essays
  • How to Write a Great Essay for the TOEFL or TOEIC
  • 6 Steps to Writing the Perfect Personal Essay
  • Explore and Evaluate Your Writing Process
  • Bad Essay Topics for College Admissions
  • Personal Essay Topics

The Writing Center • University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Conclusions

What this handout is about.

This handout will explain the functions of conclusions, offer strategies for writing effective ones, help you evaluate conclusions you’ve drafted, and suggest approaches to avoid.

About conclusions

Introductions and conclusions can be difficult to write, but they’re worth investing time in. They can have a significant influence on a reader’s experience of your paper.

Just as your introduction acts as a bridge that transports your readers from their own lives into the “place” of your analysis, your conclusion can provide a bridge to help your readers make the transition back to their daily lives. Such a conclusion will help them see why all your analysis and information should matter to them after they put the paper down.

Your conclusion is your chance to have the last word on the subject. The conclusion allows you to have the final say on the issues you have raised in your paper, to synthesize your thoughts, to demonstrate the importance of your ideas, and to propel your reader to a new view of the subject. It is also your opportunity to make a good final impression and to end on a positive note.

Your conclusion can go beyond the confines of the assignment. The conclusion pushes beyond the boundaries of the prompt and allows you to consider broader issues, make new connections, and elaborate on the significance of your findings.

Your conclusion should make your readers glad they read your paper. Your conclusion gives your reader something to take away that will help them see things differently or appreciate your topic in personally relevant ways. It can suggest broader implications that will not only interest your reader, but also enrich your reader’s life in some way. It is your gift to the reader.

Strategies for writing an effective conclusion

One or more of the following strategies may help you write an effective conclusion:

  • Play the “So What” Game. If you’re stuck and feel like your conclusion isn’t saying anything new or interesting, ask a friend to read it with you. Whenever you make a statement from your conclusion, ask the friend to say, “So what?” or “Why should anybody care?” Then ponder that question and answer it. Here’s how it might go: You: Basically, I’m just saying that education was important to Douglass. Friend: So what? You: Well, it was important because it was a key to him feeling like a free and equal citizen. Friend: Why should anybody care? You: That’s important because plantation owners tried to keep slaves from being educated so that they could maintain control. When Douglass obtained an education, he undermined that control personally. You can also use this strategy on your own, asking yourself “So What?” as you develop your ideas or your draft.
  • Return to the theme or themes in the introduction. This strategy brings the reader full circle. For example, if you begin by describing a scenario, you can end with the same scenario as proof that your essay is helpful in creating a new understanding. You may also refer to the introductory paragraph by using key words or parallel concepts and images that you also used in the introduction.
  • Synthesize, don’t summarize. Include a brief summary of the paper’s main points, but don’t simply repeat things that were in your paper. Instead, show your reader how the points you made and the support and examples you used fit together. Pull it all together.
  • Include a provocative insight or quotation from the research or reading you did for your paper.
  • Propose a course of action, a solution to an issue, or questions for further study. This can redirect your reader’s thought process and help them to apply your info and ideas to their own life or to see the broader implications.
  • Point to broader implications. For example, if your paper examines the Greensboro sit-ins or another event in the Civil Rights Movement, you could point out its impact on the Civil Rights Movement as a whole. A paper about the style of writer Virginia Woolf could point to her influence on other writers or on later feminists.

Strategies to avoid

  • Beginning with an unnecessary, overused phrase such as “in conclusion,” “in summary,” or “in closing.” Although these phrases can work in speeches, they come across as wooden and trite in writing.
  • Stating the thesis for the very first time in the conclusion.
  • Introducing a new idea or subtopic in your conclusion.
  • Ending with a rephrased thesis statement without any substantive changes.
  • Making sentimental, emotional appeals that are out of character with the rest of an analytical paper.
  • Including evidence (quotations, statistics, etc.) that should be in the body of the paper.

Four kinds of ineffective conclusions

  • The “That’s My Story and I’m Sticking to It” Conclusion. This conclusion just restates the thesis and is usually painfully short. It does not push the ideas forward. People write this kind of conclusion when they can’t think of anything else to say. Example: In conclusion, Frederick Douglass was, as we have seen, a pioneer in American education, proving that education was a major force for social change with regard to slavery.
  • The “Sherlock Holmes” Conclusion. Sometimes writers will state the thesis for the very first time in the conclusion. You might be tempted to use this strategy if you don’t want to give everything away too early in your paper. You may think it would be more dramatic to keep the reader in the dark until the end and then “wow” them with your main idea, as in a Sherlock Holmes mystery. The reader, however, does not expect a mystery, but an analytical discussion of your topic in an academic style, with the main argument (thesis) stated up front. Example: (After a paper that lists numerous incidents from the book but never says what these incidents reveal about Douglass and his views on education): So, as the evidence above demonstrates, Douglass saw education as a way to undermine the slaveholders’ power and also an important step toward freedom.
  • The “America the Beautiful”/”I Am Woman”/”We Shall Overcome” Conclusion. This kind of conclusion usually draws on emotion to make its appeal, but while this emotion and even sentimentality may be very heartfelt, it is usually out of character with the rest of an analytical paper. A more sophisticated commentary, rather than emotional praise, would be a more fitting tribute to the topic. Example: Because of the efforts of fine Americans like Frederick Douglass, countless others have seen the shining beacon of light that is education. His example was a torch that lit the way for others. Frederick Douglass was truly an American hero.
  • The “Grab Bag” Conclusion. This kind of conclusion includes extra information that the writer found or thought of but couldn’t integrate into the main paper. You may find it hard to leave out details that you discovered after hours of research and thought, but adding random facts and bits of evidence at the end of an otherwise-well-organized essay can just create confusion. Example: In addition to being an educational pioneer, Frederick Douglass provides an interesting case study for masculinity in the American South. He also offers historians an interesting glimpse into slave resistance when he confronts Covey, the overseer. His relationships with female relatives reveal the importance of family in the slave community.

Works consulted

We consulted these works while writing this handout. This is not a comprehensive list of resources on the handout’s topic, and we encourage you to do your own research to find additional publications. Please do not use this list as a model for the format of your own reference list, as it may not match the citation style you are using. For guidance on formatting citations, please see the UNC Libraries citation tutorial . We revise these tips periodically and welcome feedback.

Douglass, Frederick. 1995. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Written by Himself. New York: Dover.

Hamilton College. n.d. “Conclusions.” Writing Center. Accessed June 14, 2019. https://www.hamilton.edu//academics/centers/writing/writing-resources/conclusions .

Holewa, Randa. 2004. “Strategies for Writing a Conclusion.” LEO: Literacy Education Online. Last updated February 19, 2004. https://leo.stcloudstate.edu/acadwrite/conclude.html.

You may reproduce it for non-commercial use if you use the entire handout and attribute the source: The Writing Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

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how to write a conclusion for a process analysis essay

How to Write a Conclusion for an Essay

how to write a conclusion for a process analysis essay

By the time you get to the final paragraph of your paper, you have already done so much work on your essay, so all you want to do is to wrap it up as quickly as possible. You’ve already made a stunning introduction, proven your argument, and structured the whole piece as supposed – who cares about making a good conclusion paragraph?

The only thing you need to remember is that the conclusion of an essay is not just the last paragraph of an academic paper where you restate your thesis and key arguments. A concluding paragraph is also your opportunity to have a final impact on your audience. 

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How to write a conclusion paragraph that leaves a lasting impression – In this guide, the team at EssayPro is going to walk you through the process of writing a perfect conclusion step by step. Additionally, we will share valuable tips and tricks to help students of all ages impress their readers at the last moment.

Instead of Intro: What Is a Conclusion?

Before we can move on, let’s take a moment here to define the conclusion itself. According to the standard conclusion definition, it is pretty much the last part of something, its result, or end. However, this term is rather broad and superficial.

When it comes to writing academic papers, a concluding statement refers to an opinion, judgment, suggestion, or position arrived at by logical reasoning (through the arguments provided in the body of the text). Therefore, if you are wondering “what is a good closing sentence like?” – keep on reading.

What Does a Good Conclusion Mean?

Writing a good conclusion for a paper isn’t easy. However, we are going to walk you through this process step by step. Although there are generally no strict rules on how to formulate one, there are some basic principles that everyone should keep in mind. In this section, we will share some core ideas for writing a good conclusion, and, later in the article, we will also provide you with more practical advice and examples.

How to Write a Conclusion for an Essay _ 4 MAJOR OBJECTIVES THAT CONCLUSION MUST ACCOMPLISH

Here are the core goals a good conclusion should complete:

  • “Wrap up” the entire paper;
  • Demonstrate to readers that the author accomplished what he/she set out to do;
  • Show how you the author has proved their thesis statement;
  • Give a sense of completeness and closure on the topic;
  • Leave something extra for your reader to think about;
  • Leave a powerful final impact on a reader.

Another key thing to remember is that you should not introduce any new ideas or arguments to your paper's conclusion. It should only sum up what you have already written, revisit your thesis statement, and end with a powerful final impression.

When considering how to write a conclusion that works, here are the key points to keep in mind:

  • A concluding sentence should only revisit the thesis statement, not restate it;
  • It should summarize the main ideas from the body of the paper;
  • It should demonstrate the significance and relevance of your work;
  • An essay’s conclusion should include a call for action and leave space for further study or development of the topic (if necessary).

How Long Should a Conclusion Be? 

Although there are no strict universal rules regarding the length of an essay’s final clause, both teachers and experienced writers recommend keeping it clear, concise, and straight to the point. There is an unspoken rule that the introduction and conclusion of an academic paper should both be about 10% of the overall paper’s volume. For example, if you were assigned a 1500 word essay, both the introductory and final clauses should be approximately 150 words long (300 together).

Why You Need to Know How to End an Essay:

A conclusion is what drives a paper to its logical end. It also drives the main points of your piece one last time. It is your last opportunity to impact and impress your audience. And, most importantly, it is your chance to demonstrate to readers why your work matters. Simply put, the final paragraph of your essay should answer the last important question a reader will have – “So what?”

If you do a concluding paragraph right, it can give your readers a sense of logical completeness. On the other hand, if you do not make it powerful enough, it can leave them hanging, and diminish the effect of the entire piece.

Strategies to Crafting a Proper Conclusion

Although there are no strict rules for what style to use to write your conclusion, there are several strategies that have been proven to be effective. In the list below, you can find some of the most effective strategies with some good conclusion paragraph examples to help you grasp the idea.

One effective way to emphasize the significance of your essay and give the audience some thought to ponder about is by taking a look into the future. The “When and If” technique is quite powerful when it comes to supporting your points in the essay’s conclusion.

Prediction essay conclusion example: “Taking care of a pet is quite hard, which is the reason why most parents refuse their children’s requests to get a pet. However, the refusal should be the last choice of parents. If we want to inculcate a deep sense of responsibility and organization in our kids, and, at the same time, sprout compassion in them, we must let our children take care of pets.”

Another effective strategy is to link your conclusion to your introductory paragraph. This will create a full-circle narration for your readers, create a better understanding of your topic, and emphasize your key point.

Echo conclusion paragraph example: Introduction: “I believe that all children should grow up with a pet. I still remember the exact day my parents brought my first puppy to our house. This was one of the happiest moments in my life and, at the same time, one of the most life-changing ones. Growing up with a pet taught me a lot, and most importantly, it taught me to be responsible.” Conclusion:. “I remember when I picked up my first puppy and how happy I was at that time. Growing up with a pet, I learned what it means to take care of someone, make sure that he always has water and food, teach him, and constantly keep an eye on my little companion. Having a child grow up with a pet teaches them responsibility and helps them acquire a variety of other life skills like leadership, love, compassion, and empathy. This is why I believe that every kid should grow up with a pet!”

Finally, one more trick that will help you create a flawless conclusion is to amplify your main idea or to present it in another perspective of a larger context. This technique will help your readers to look at the problem discussed from a different angle.

Step-up argumentative essay conclusion example: “Despite the obvious advantages of owning a pet in childhood, I feel that we cannot generalize whether all children should have a pet. Whereas some kids may benefit from such experiences, namely, by becoming more compassionate, organized, and responsible, it really depends on the situation, motivation, and enthusiasm of a particular child for owning a pet.”

What is a clincher in an essay? – The final part of an essay’s conclusion is often referred to as a clincher sentence. According to the clincher definition, it is a final sentence that reinforces the main idea or leaves the audience with an intriguing thought to ponder upon. In a nutshell, the clincher is very similar to the hook you would use in an introductory paragraph. Its core mission is to seize the audience’s attention until the end of the paper. At the same time, this statement is what creates a sense of completeness and helps the author leave a lasting impression on the reader.

Now, since you now know what a clincher is, you are probably wondering how to use one in your own paper. First of all, keep in mind that a good clincher should be intriguing, memorable, smooth, and straightforward.

Generally, there are several different tricks you can use for your clincher statement; it can be:

  • A short, but memorable and attention-grabbing conclusion;
  • A relevant and memorable quote (only if it brings actual value);
  • A call to action;
  • A rhetorical question;
  • An illustrative story or provocative example;
  • A warning against a possibility or suggestion about the consequences of a discussed problem;
  • A joke (however, be careful with this as it may not always be deemed appropriate).

Regardless of the technique you choose, make sure that your clincher is memorable and aligns with your introduction and thesis.

Clincher examples: - While New York may not be the only place with the breathtaking views, it is definitely among my personal to 3… and that’s what definitely makes it worth visiting. - “Thence we came forth to rebehold the stars”, Divine Comedy - Don’t you think all these advantages sound like almost life-saving benefits of owning a pet? “So we beat on, boats against the current, borne back ceaselessly into the past.”, The Great Gatsby

strategies

Conclusion Writing Don'ts 

Now, when you know what tricks and techniques you should use to create a perfect conclusion, let’s look at some of the things you should not do with our online paper writing service :

  • Starting with some cliché concluding sentence starters. Many students find common phrases like “In conclusion,” “Therefore,” “In summary,” or similar statements to be pretty good conclusion starters. However, though such conclusion sentence starters may work in certain cases – for example, in speeches – they are overused, so it is recommended not to use them in writing to introduce your conclusion.
  • Putting the first mention of your thesis statement in the conclusion – it has to be presented in your introduction first.
  • Providing new arguments, subtopics, or ideas in the conclusion paragraph.
  • Including a slightly changed or unchanged thesis statement.
  • Providing arguments and evidence that belong in the body of the work.
  • Writing too long, hard to read, or confusing sentences.

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Conclusion Paragraph Outline

The total number of sentences in your final paragraph may vary depending on the number of points you discussed in your essay, as well as on the overall word count of your paper. However, the overall conclusion paragraph outline will remain the same and consists of the following elements:

conclusion ouline

  • A conclusion starter:

The first part of your paragraph should drive readers back to your thesis statement. Thus, if you were wondering how to start a conclusion, the best way to do it is by rephrasing your thesis statement.

  • Summary of the body paragraphs:

Right after revisiting your thesis, you should include several sentences that wrap up the key highlights and points from your body paragraphs. This part of your conclusion can consist of 2-3 sentences—depending on the number of arguments you’ve made. If necessary, you can also explain to the readers how your main points fit together.

  • A concluding sentence:

Finally, you should end your paragraph with a last, powerful sentence that leaves a lasting impression, gives a sense of logical completeness, and connects readers back to the introduction of the paper.

These three key elements make up a perfect essay conclusion. Now, to give you an even better idea of how to create a perfect conclusion, let us give you a sample conclusion paragraph outline with examples from an argumentative essay on the topic of “Every Child Should Own a Pet:

  • Sentence 1: Starter
  • ~ Thesis: "Though taking care of a pet may be a bit challenging for small children. Parents should not restrict their kids from having a pet as it helps them grow into more responsible and compassionate people."
  • ~ Restated thesis for a conclusion: "I can say that taking care of a pet is good for every child."
  • Sentences 2-4: Summary
  • ~ "Studies have shown that pet owners generally have fewer health problems."
  • ~ "Owning a pet teaches a child to be more responsible."
  • ~ "Spending time with a pet reduces stress, feelings of loneliness, and anxiety."
  • Sentence 5: A concluding sentence
  • ~ "Pets can really change a child life for the better, so don't hesitate to endorse your kid's desire to own a pet."

This is a clear example of how you can shape your conclusion paragraph.

How to Conclude Various Types of Essays

Depending on the type of academic essay you are working on, your concluding paragraph's style, tone, and length may vary. In this part of our guide, we will tell you how to end different types of essays and other works.

How to End an Argumentative Essay

Persuasive or argumentative essays always have the single goal of convincing readers of something (an idea, stance, or viewpoint) by appealing to arguments, facts, logic, and even emotions. The conclusion for such an essay has to be persuasive as well. A good trick you can use is to illustrate a real-life scenario that proves your stance or encourages readers to take action. More about persuasive essay outline you can read in our article.

Here are a few more tips for making a perfect conclusion for an argumentative essay:

  • Carefully read the whole essay before you begin;
  • Re-emphasize your ideas;
  • Discuss possible implications;
  • Don’t be afraid to appeal to the reader’s emotions.

How to End a Compare and Contrast Essay

The purpose of a compare and contrast essay is to emphasize the differences or similarities between two or more objects, people, phenomena, etc. Therefore, a logical conclusion should highlight how the reviewed objects are different or similar. Basically, in such a paper, your conclusion should recall all of the key common and distinctive features discussed in the body of your essay and also give readers some food for thought after they finish reading it.

How to Conclude a Descriptive Essay

The key idea of a descriptive essay is to showcase your creativity and writing skills by painting a vivid picture with the help of words. This is one of the most creative types of essays as it requires you to show a story, not tell it. This kind of essay implies using a lot of vivid details. Respectively, the conclusion of such a paper should also use descriptive imagery and, at the same time, sum up the main ideas. A good strategy for ending a descriptive essay would be to begin with a short explanation of why you wrote the essay. Then, you should reflect on how your topic affects you. In the middle of the conclusion, you should cover the most critical moments of the story to smoothly lead the reader into a logical closing statement. The “clincher”, in this case, should be a thought-provoking final sentence that leaves a good and lasting impression on the audience. Do not lead the reader into the essay and then leave them with dwindling memories of it.

How to Conclude an Essay About Yourself

If you find yourself writing an essay about yourself, you need to tell a personal story. As a rule, such essays talk about the author’s experiences, which is why a conclusion should create a feeling of narrative closure. A good strategy is to end your story with a logical finale and the lessons you have learned, while, at the same time, linking it to the introductory paragraph and recalling key moments from the story.

How to End an Informative Essay

Unlike other types of papers, informative or expository essays load readers with a lot of information and facts. In this case, “Synthesize, don’t summarize” is the best technique you can use to end your paper. Simply put, instead of recalling all of the major facts, you should approach your conclusion from the “So what?” position by highlighting the significance of the information provided.

How to Conclude a Narrative Essay

In a nutshell, a narrative essay is based on simple storytelling. The purpose of this paper is to share a particular story in detail. Therefore, the conclusion for such a paper should wrap up the story and avoid finishing on an abrupt cliffhanger. It is vital to include the key takeaways and the lessons learned from the story.

How to Write a Conclusion for a Lab Report

Unlike an essay, a lab report is based on an experiment. This type of paper describes the flow of a particular experiment conducted by a student and its conclusion should reflect on the outcomes of this experiment.

In thinking of how to write a conclusion for a lab, here are the key things you should do to get it right:

  • Restate the goals of your experiment
  • Describe the methods you used
  • Include the results of the experiment and analyze the final data
  • End your conclusion with a clear statement on whether or not the experiment was successful (Did you reach the expected results?)

How to Write a Conclusion for a Research Paper

Writing a paper is probably the hardest task of all, even for experienced dissertation writer . Unlike an essay or even a lab report, a research paper is a much longer piece of work that requires a deeper investigation of the problem. Therefore, a conclusion for such a paper should be even more sophisticated and powerful. If you're feeling difficulty writing an essay, you can buy essay on our service.

How to Write a Conclusion for a Research Paper

However, given that a research paper is the second most popular kind of academic paper (after an essay), it is important to know how to conclude a research paper. Even if you have not yet been assigned to do this task, be sure that you will face it soon. So, here are the steps you should follow to create a great conclusion for a research paper:

  • Restate the Topic

Start your final paragraph with a quick reminder of what the topic of the piece is about. Keep it one sentence long.

  • Revisit the Thesis

Next, you should remind your readers what your thesis statement was. However, do not just copy and paste it from the introductory clause: paraphrase your thesis so that you deliver the same idea but with different words. Keep your paraphrased thesis narrow, specific, and topic-oriented.

  • Summarise Your Key Ideas

Just like the case of a regular essay’s conclusion, a research paper’s final paragraph should also include a short summary of all of the key points stated in the body sections. We recommend reading the entire body part a few times to define all of your main arguments and ideas.

  • Showcase the Significance of Your Work

In the research paper conclusion, it is vital to highlight the significance of your research problem and state how your solution could be helpful.

  • Make Suggestions for Future Studies

Finally, at the end of your conclusion, you should define how your findings will contribute to the development of its particular field of science. Outline the perspectives of further research and, if necessary, explain what is yet to be discovered on the topic.

Then, end your conclusion with a powerful concluding sentence – it can be a rhetorical question, call to action, or another hook that will help you have a strong impact on the audience.

  • Answer the Right Questions

To create a top-notch research paper conclusion, be sure to answer the following questions:

  • What is the goal of a research paper?
  • What are the possible solutions to the research question(s)?
  • How can your results be implemented in real life? (Is your research paper helpful to the community?)
  • Why is this study important and relevant?

Additionally, here are a few more handy tips to follow:

  • Provide clear examples from real life to help readers better understand the further implementation of the stated solutions;
  • Keep your conclusion fresh, original, and creative.

Address to our term paper writers if you need to proofread or rewrite essay.

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So, What Is a Good Closing Sentence? See The Difference

One of the best ways to learn how to write a good conclusion is to look at several professional essay conclusion examples. In this section of our guide, we are going to look at two different final paragraphs shaped on the basis of the same template, but even so, they are very different – where one is weak and the other is strong. Below, we are going to compare them to help you understand the difference between a good and a bad conclusion.

Here is the template we used: College degrees are in decline. The price of receiving an education does not correlate with the quality of the education received. As a result, graduated students face underemployment, and the worth of college degrees appears to be in serious doubt. However, the potential social and economic benefits of educated students balance out the equation.

Strong Conclusion ‍

People either see college as an opportunity or an inconvenience; therefore, a degree can only hold as much value as its owner’s skillset. The underemployment of graduate students puts the worth of college degrees in serious doubt. Yet, with the multitude of benefits that educated students bring to society and the economy, the equation remains in balance. Perhaps the ordinary person should consider college as a wise financial investment, but only if they stay determined to study and do the hard work.

Why is this example good? There are several key points that prove its effectiveness:

  • There is a bold opening statement that encompasses the two contrasting types of students we can see today.
  • There are two sentences that recall the thesis statement and cover the key arguments from the body of the essay.
  • Finally, the last sentence sums up the key message of the essay and leaves readers with something to think about.

Weak Conclusion

In conclusion, with the poor preparation of students in college and the subsequent underemployment after graduation from college, the worth associated with the college degree appears to be in serious doubt. However, these issues alone may not reasonably conclude beyond a doubt that investing in a college degree is a rewarding venture. When the full benefits that come with education are carefully put into consideration and evaluated, college education for children in any country still has good advantages, and society should continue to advocate for a college education. The ordinary person should consider this a wise financial decision that holds rewards in the end. Apart from the monetary gains associated with a college education, society will greatly benefit from students when they finish college. Their minds are going to be expanded, and their reasoning and decision making will be enhanced.

What makes this example bad? Here are a few points to consider:

  • Unlike the first example, this paragraph is long and not specific enough. The author provides plenty of generalized phrases that are not backed up by actual arguments.
  • This piece is hard to read and understand and sentences have a confusing structure. Also, there are lots of repetitions and too many uses of the word “college”.
  • There is no summary of the key benefits.
  • The last two sentences that highlight the value of education contradict with the initial statement.
  • Finally, the last sentence doesn’t offer a strong conclusion and gives no thought to ponder upon.
  • In the body of your essay, you have hopefully already provided your reader(s) with plenty of information. Therefore, it is not wise to present new arguments or ideas in your conclusion.
  • To end your final paragraph right, find a clear and straightforward message that will have the most powerful impact on your audience.
  • Don’t use more than one quote in the final clause of your paper – the information from external sources (including quotes) belongs in the body of a paper.
  • Be authoritative when writing a conclusion. You should sound confident and convincing to leave a good impression. Sentences like “I’m not an expert, but…” will most likely make you seem less knowledgeable and/or credible.

Good Conclusion Examples

Now that we've learned what a conclusion is and how to write one let's take a look at some essay conclusion examples to strengthen our knowledge.

The ending ironically reveals that all was for nothing. (A short explanation of the thematic effect of the book’s end) Tom says that Miss Watson freed Jim in her final will.Jim told Huck that the dead man on the Island was pap. The entire adventure seemingly evaporated into nothingness. (How this effect was manifested into the minds of thereaders).
All in all, international schools hold the key to building a full future that students can achieve. (Thesis statement simplified) They help students develop their own character by learning from their mistakes, without having to face a dreadful penalty for failure. (Thesis statement elaborated)Although some say that kids emerged “spoiled” with this mentality, the results prove the contrary. (Possible counter-arguments are noted)
In conclusion, public workers should be allowed to strike since it will give them a chance to air their grievances. (Thesis statement) Public workers should be allowed to strike when their rights, safety, and regulations are compromised. The workers will get motivated when they strike, and their demands are met.
In summary, studies reveal some similarities in the nutrient contents between the organic and non-organic food substances. (Starts with similarities) However, others have revealed many considerable differences in the amounts of antioxidants as well as other minerals present in organic and non-organic foods. Generally, organic foods have higher levels of antioxidants than non-organic foods and therefore are more important in the prevention of chronic illnesses.
As time went by, my obsession grew into something bigger than art; (‘As time went by’ signals maturation) it grew into a dream of developing myself for the world. (Showing student’s interest of developing himself for the community) It is a dream of not only seeing the world from a different perspective but also changing the perspective of people who see my work. (Showing student’s determination to create moving pieces of art)
In conclusion, it is evident that technology is an integral part of our lives and without it, we become “lost” since we have increasingly become dependent on its use. (Thesis with main point)

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  • How to write a literary analysis essay | A step-by-step guide

How to Write a Literary Analysis Essay | A Step-by-Step Guide

Published on January 30, 2020 by Jack Caulfield . Revised on August 14, 2023.

Literary analysis means closely studying a text, interpreting its meanings, and exploring why the author made certain choices. It can be applied to novels, short stories, plays, poems, or any other form of literary writing.

A literary analysis essay is not a rhetorical analysis , nor is it just a summary of the plot or a book review. Instead, it is a type of argumentative essay where you need to analyze elements such as the language, perspective, and structure of the text, and explain how the author uses literary devices to create effects and convey ideas.

Before beginning a literary analysis essay, it’s essential to carefully read the text and c ome up with a thesis statement to keep your essay focused. As you write, follow the standard structure of an academic essay :

  • An introduction that tells the reader what your essay will focus on.
  • A main body, divided into paragraphs , that builds an argument using evidence from the text.
  • A conclusion that clearly states the main point that you have shown with your analysis.

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Table of contents

Step 1: reading the text and identifying literary devices, step 2: coming up with a thesis, step 3: writing a title and introduction, step 4: writing the body of the essay, step 5: writing a conclusion, other interesting articles.

The first step is to carefully read the text(s) and take initial notes. As you read, pay attention to the things that are most intriguing, surprising, or even confusing in the writing—these are things you can dig into in your analysis.

Your goal in literary analysis is not simply to explain the events described in the text, but to analyze the writing itself and discuss how the text works on a deeper level. Primarily, you’re looking out for literary devices —textual elements that writers use to convey meaning and create effects. If you’re comparing and contrasting multiple texts, you can also look for connections between different texts.

To get started with your analysis, there are several key areas that you can focus on. As you analyze each aspect of the text, try to think about how they all relate to each other. You can use highlights or notes to keep track of important passages and quotes.

Language choices

Consider what style of language the author uses. Are the sentences short and simple or more complex and poetic?

What word choices stand out as interesting or unusual? Are words used figuratively to mean something other than their literal definition? Figurative language includes things like metaphor (e.g. “her eyes were oceans”) and simile (e.g. “her eyes were like oceans”).

Also keep an eye out for imagery in the text—recurring images that create a certain atmosphere or symbolize something important. Remember that language is used in literary texts to say more than it means on the surface.

Narrative voice

Ask yourself:

  • Who is telling the story?
  • How are they telling it?

Is it a first-person narrator (“I”) who is personally involved in the story, or a third-person narrator who tells us about the characters from a distance?

Consider the narrator’s perspective . Is the narrator omniscient (where they know everything about all the characters and events), or do they only have partial knowledge? Are they an unreliable narrator who we are not supposed to take at face value? Authors often hint that their narrator might be giving us a distorted or dishonest version of events.

The tone of the text is also worth considering. Is the story intended to be comic, tragic, or something else? Are usually serious topics treated as funny, or vice versa ? Is the story realistic or fantastical (or somewhere in between)?

Consider how the text is structured, and how the structure relates to the story being told.

  • Novels are often divided into chapters and parts.
  • Poems are divided into lines, stanzas, and sometime cantos.
  • Plays are divided into scenes and acts.

Think about why the author chose to divide the different parts of the text in the way they did.

There are also less formal structural elements to take into account. Does the story unfold in chronological order, or does it jump back and forth in time? Does it begin in medias res —in the middle of the action? Does the plot advance towards a clearly defined climax?

With poetry, consider how the rhyme and meter shape your understanding of the text and your impression of the tone. Try reading the poem aloud to get a sense of this.

In a play, you might consider how relationships between characters are built up through different scenes, and how the setting relates to the action. Watch out for  dramatic irony , where the audience knows some detail that the characters don’t, creating a double meaning in their words, thoughts, or actions.

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how to write a conclusion for a process analysis essay

Your thesis in a literary analysis essay is the point you want to make about the text. It’s the core argument that gives your essay direction and prevents it from just being a collection of random observations about a text.

If you’re given a prompt for your essay, your thesis must answer or relate to the prompt. For example:

Essay question example

Is Franz Kafka’s “Before the Law” a religious parable?

Your thesis statement should be an answer to this question—not a simple yes or no, but a statement of why this is or isn’t the case:

Thesis statement example

Franz Kafka’s “Before the Law” is not a religious parable, but a story about bureaucratic alienation.

Sometimes you’ll be given freedom to choose your own topic; in this case, you’ll have to come up with an original thesis. Consider what stood out to you in the text; ask yourself questions about the elements that interested you, and consider how you might answer them.

Your thesis should be something arguable—that is, something that you think is true about the text, but which is not a simple matter of fact. It must be complex enough to develop through evidence and arguments across the course of your essay.

Say you’re analyzing the novel Frankenstein . You could start by asking yourself:

Your initial answer might be a surface-level description:

The character Frankenstein is portrayed negatively in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein .

However, this statement is too simple to be an interesting thesis. After reading the text and analyzing its narrative voice and structure, you can develop the answer into a more nuanced and arguable thesis statement:

Mary Shelley uses shifting narrative perspectives to portray Frankenstein in an increasingly negative light as the novel goes on. While he initially appears to be a naive but sympathetic idealist, after the creature’s narrative Frankenstein begins to resemble—even in his own telling—the thoughtlessly cruel figure the creature represents him as.

Remember that you can revise your thesis statement throughout the writing process , so it doesn’t need to be perfectly formulated at this stage. The aim is to keep you focused as you analyze the text.

Finding textual evidence

To support your thesis statement, your essay will build an argument using textual evidence —specific parts of the text that demonstrate your point. This evidence is quoted and analyzed throughout your essay to explain your argument to the reader.

It can be useful to comb through the text in search of relevant quotations before you start writing. You might not end up using everything you find, and you may have to return to the text for more evidence as you write, but collecting textual evidence from the beginning will help you to structure your arguments and assess whether they’re convincing.

To start your literary analysis paper, you’ll need two things: a good title, and an introduction.

Your title should clearly indicate what your analysis will focus on. It usually contains the name of the author and text(s) you’re analyzing. Keep it as concise and engaging as possible.

A common approach to the title is to use a relevant quote from the text, followed by a colon and then the rest of your title.

If you struggle to come up with a good title at first, don’t worry—this will be easier once you’ve begun writing the essay and have a better sense of your arguments.

“Fearful symmetry” : The violence of creation in William Blake’s “The Tyger”

The introduction

The essay introduction provides a quick overview of where your argument is going. It should include your thesis statement and a summary of the essay’s structure.

A typical structure for an introduction is to begin with a general statement about the text and author, using this to lead into your thesis statement. You might refer to a commonly held idea about the text and show how your thesis will contradict it, or zoom in on a particular device you intend to focus on.

Then you can end with a brief indication of what’s coming up in the main body of the essay. This is called signposting. It will be more elaborate in longer essays, but in a short five-paragraph essay structure, it shouldn’t be more than one sentence.

Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein is often read as a crude cautionary tale about the dangers of scientific advancement unrestrained by ethical considerations. In this reading, protagonist Victor Frankenstein is a stable representation of the callous ambition of modern science throughout the novel. This essay, however, argues that far from providing a stable image of the character, Shelley uses shifting narrative perspectives to portray Frankenstein in an increasingly negative light as the novel goes on. While he initially appears to be a naive but sympathetic idealist, after the creature’s narrative Frankenstein begins to resemble—even in his own telling—the thoughtlessly cruel figure the creature represents him as. This essay begins by exploring the positive portrayal of Frankenstein in the first volume, then moves on to the creature’s perception of him, and finally discusses the third volume’s narrative shift toward viewing Frankenstein as the creature views him.

Some students prefer to write the introduction later in the process, and it’s not a bad idea. After all, you’ll have a clearer idea of the overall shape of your arguments once you’ve begun writing them!

If you do write the introduction first, you should still return to it later to make sure it lines up with what you ended up writing, and edit as necessary.

The body of your essay is everything between the introduction and conclusion. It contains your arguments and the textual evidence that supports them.

Paragraph structure

A typical structure for a high school literary analysis essay consists of five paragraphs : the three paragraphs of the body, plus the introduction and conclusion.

Each paragraph in the main body should focus on one topic. In the five-paragraph model, try to divide your argument into three main areas of analysis, all linked to your thesis. Don’t try to include everything you can think of to say about the text—only analysis that drives your argument.

In longer essays, the same principle applies on a broader scale. For example, you might have two or three sections in your main body, each with multiple paragraphs. Within these sections, you still want to begin new paragraphs at logical moments—a turn in the argument or the introduction of a new idea.

Robert’s first encounter with Gil-Martin suggests something of his sinister power. Robert feels “a sort of invisible power that drew me towards him.” He identifies the moment of their meeting as “the beginning of a series of adventures which has puzzled myself, and will puzzle the world when I am no more in it” (p. 89). Gil-Martin’s “invisible power” seems to be at work even at this distance from the moment described; before continuing the story, Robert feels compelled to anticipate at length what readers will make of his narrative after his approaching death. With this interjection, Hogg emphasizes the fatal influence Gil-Martin exercises from his first appearance.

Topic sentences

To keep your points focused, it’s important to use a topic sentence at the beginning of each paragraph.

A good topic sentence allows a reader to see at a glance what the paragraph is about. It can introduce a new line of argument and connect or contrast it with the previous paragraph. Transition words like “however” or “moreover” are useful for creating smooth transitions:

… The story’s focus, therefore, is not upon the divine revelation that may be waiting beyond the door, but upon the mundane process of aging undergone by the man as he waits.

Nevertheless, the “radiance” that appears to stream from the door is typically treated as religious symbolism.

This topic sentence signals that the paragraph will address the question of religious symbolism, while the linking word “nevertheless” points out a contrast with the previous paragraph’s conclusion.

Using textual evidence

A key part of literary analysis is backing up your arguments with relevant evidence from the text. This involves introducing quotes from the text and explaining their significance to your point.

It’s important to contextualize quotes and explain why you’re using them; they should be properly introduced and analyzed, not treated as self-explanatory:

It isn’t always necessary to use a quote. Quoting is useful when you’re discussing the author’s language, but sometimes you’ll have to refer to plot points or structural elements that can’t be captured in a short quote.

In these cases, it’s more appropriate to paraphrase or summarize parts of the text—that is, to describe the relevant part in your own words:

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The conclusion of your analysis shouldn’t introduce any new quotations or arguments. Instead, it’s about wrapping up the essay. Here, you summarize your key points and try to emphasize their significance to the reader.

A good way to approach this is to briefly summarize your key arguments, and then stress the conclusion they’ve led you to, highlighting the new perspective your thesis provides on the text as a whole:

If you want to know more about AI tools , college essays , or fallacies make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples or go directly to our tools!

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By tracing the depiction of Frankenstein through the novel’s three volumes, I have demonstrated how the narrative structure shifts our perception of the character. While the Frankenstein of the first volume is depicted as having innocent intentions, the second and third volumes—first in the creature’s accusatory voice, and then in his own voice—increasingly undermine him, causing him to appear alternately ridiculous and vindictive. Far from the one-dimensional villain he is often taken to be, the character of Frankenstein is compelling because of the dynamic narrative frame in which he is placed. In this frame, Frankenstein’s narrative self-presentation responds to the images of him we see from others’ perspectives. This conclusion sheds new light on the novel, foregrounding Shelley’s unique layering of narrative perspectives and its importance for the depiction of character.

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