write a descriptive essay about a day when you experienced extreme weather

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A Hot Summer Day Essay

Hot summer days can be tiresome and exhausting due to the scorching heat and the dehydration it causes but it's also during this time that students amd their families get to enjoy their summer vacations without having to worry about school work or bed time. A hot summer day can be turned around with a couple of cold beverages, good food and great company. Here are a few sample essays on ‘A Hot Summer Day’.

100 Words Essay on a Hot Summer Day

200 words essay on a hot summer day, 500 words essay on a hot summer day.

When summer first arrives, mornings are pleasant and more refreshing, but as the day goes on, the heat of the sun increases until it is felt throughout the entire day. The severity of the weather is also felt by trees and plants, since their leaves appear dull and their flowers fade swiftly. As the day progresses, the temperature rises, making this the most difficult part of the day—especially for those who perform field work. People prefer to stay inside their homes throughout the day, leaving the streets, markets, and other places looking vacant. Both animals and people living outside seek cover under trees and big buildings on a hot day.

Even though summer is the hottest season of the year, it can also be the most interesting and fun since it gives children some time off school and they can go swimming and pursue hobby classes. It is also a time when they can relish some of their favourite foods like ice creams and mangoes, go swimming, eat ice cream and their favourite fruits, etc. People also escape to hill stations for much-needed breaks from the scorching heat of the sun and return only after the weather improves.

Children usually find summers to be pleasant despite the heat as they enjoy their summer vacation from school and get more time to play outside with their friends without having to worry about homework or waking up early. People enjoy swimming, eating summertime fruits, and sipping cold beverages on hot summer days. Children often enjoy a hot summer day with seasonal fruits like mangoes, kiwis, and pineapple. Not only do these foods cool the body, but they also lift up one's mood. Ice cream and cold drinks are also very popular on a hot summer day. As night falls, people come out to enjoy themselves in lush green parks, gardens and shopping centres.

Summer is the hottest season of the year, with longer, warmer days and shorter nights. Many people prefer to stay indoors during the day during summers because of the scorching heat, and like to be active in the early morning or in the late afternoon after the sun has set. People usually use light cotton clothing in hot weather to minimise the heat effect and stay cool. In order to prevent dehydration and sun stroke, we should drink more water and eat more fruits. This is also the time when schools are closed and children can take summer vacations to visit other places such as hill stations and beaches.

Protecting ourselves from extreme heat

Hot weather can cause dehydration, heat exhaustion, and, in extreme situations, heat stroke. Globally, hot days are becoming hotter and more frequent, whereas cold days are becoming less frequent. Drought can be made worse by heat, and wildfires can be sparked by hot, dry weather. High daytime temperatures are detrimental to plant growth, and certain crops need cool nights. Extremely hot days can be managed by:-

developing heat-preparedness strategies, which may include actions like opening cooling facilities during times of extreme heat and establishing workplace heat stress regulations

putting up cool, green roofs and cool pavement can also lessen the impact of the urban heat island

planting more trees to create shade and evapotranspiration to cool the air

Keep your living area cool. When it is dark and the temperature outside has dropped, open the windows that were closed throughout the day.

Eat and drink cold things, stay away from hot and alcoholic beverages, and take a chilly shower or splash cool water on your skin or clothing.

Even if you don't feel thirsty, make sure to drink lots of water.

During this season, many people often face sweating and dehydration as well and that is when surprise rains are sometimes a good relief from a hot summer day.

How i spent a Hot Summer Day?

I remember spending one such hot summer day with my family during summer holidays. The sun was at its highest point and the heat was almost unbearable. My family and I decided to make a plan to escape the scorching heat and uplift everyone’s mood—we made plans to go swimming late in the evening and then go for a movie after dinner. The thought of cold water and an air-conditioned theatre excited everyone. We reached the community pool around 5pm and everyone dived in after changing into their bathing suits. We got swimming tubes and balls to play around with. We divided ourselves into two teams and played marco polo.

It was amazing to see everyone relax and have a wonderful time. We then went to watch an action movie at the theatre. Everyone purchased cool beverages and popcorn. My cousin and I even felt a bit chilly due to the air conditioning—everyone else had a good laugh over it. Even though the weather was not in our favour, we managed to turn our day around and made it into one of the memorable days that I will always cherish.

Explore Career Options (By Industry)

• Construction
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Bio Medical Engineer

The field of biomedical engineering opens up a universe of expert chances. An Individual in the biomedical engineering career path work in the field of engineering as well as medicine, in order to find out solutions to common problems of the two fields. The biomedical engineering job opportunities are to collaborate with doctors and researchers to develop medical systems, equipment, or devices that can solve clinical problems. Here we will be discussing jobs after biomedical engineering, how to get a job in biomedical engineering, biomedical engineering scope, and salary. 

Data Administrator

Database professionals use software to store and organise data such as financial information, and customer shipping records. Individuals who opt for a career as data administrators ensure that data is available for users and secured from unauthorised sales. DB administrators may work in various types of industries. It may involve computer systems design, service firms, insurance companies, banks and hospitals.

Ethical Hacker

A career as ethical hacker involves various challenges and provides lucrative opportunities in the digital era where every giant business and startup owns its cyberspace on the world wide web. Individuals in the ethical hacker career path try to find the vulnerabilities in the cyber system to get its authority. If he or she succeeds in it then he or she gets its illegal authority. Individuals in the ethical hacker career path then steal information or delete the file that could affect the business, functioning, or services of the organization.

Data Analyst

The invention of the database has given fresh breath to the people involved in the data analytics career path. Analysis refers to splitting up a whole into its individual components for individual analysis. Data analysis is a method through which raw data are processed and transformed into information that would be beneficial for user strategic thinking.

Data are collected and examined to respond to questions, evaluate hypotheses or contradict theories. It is a tool for analyzing, transforming, modeling, and arranging data with useful knowledge, to assist in decision-making and methods, encompassing various strategies, and is used in different fields of business, research, and social science.

Geothermal Engineer

Individuals who opt for a career as geothermal engineers are the professionals involved in the processing of geothermal energy. The responsibilities of geothermal engineers may vary depending on the workplace location. Those who work in fields design facilities to process and distribute geothermal energy. They oversee the functioning of machinery used in the field.

Remote Sensing Technician

Individuals who opt for a career as a remote sensing technician possess unique personalities. Remote sensing analysts seem to be rational human beings, they are strong, independent, persistent, sincere, realistic and resourceful. Some of them are analytical as well, which means they are intelligent, introspective and inquisitive. 

Remote sensing scientists use remote sensing technology to support scientists in fields such as community planning, flight planning or the management of natural resources. Analysing data collected from aircraft, satellites or ground-based platforms using statistical analysis software, image analysis software or Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a significant part of their work. Do you want to learn how to become remote sensing technician? There's no need to be concerned; we've devised a simple remote sensing technician career path for you. Scroll through the pages and read.

Geotechnical engineer

The role of geotechnical engineer starts with reviewing the projects needed to define the required material properties. The work responsibilities are followed by a site investigation of rock, soil, fault distribution and bedrock properties on and below an area of interest. The investigation is aimed to improve the ground engineering design and determine their engineering properties that include how they will interact with, on or in a proposed construction. 

The role of geotechnical engineer in mining includes designing and determining the type of foundations, earthworks, and or pavement subgrades required for the intended man-made structures to be made. Geotechnical engineering jobs are involved in earthen and concrete dam construction projects, working under a range of normal and extreme loading conditions. 

Cartographer

How fascinating it is to represent the whole world on just a piece of paper or a sphere. With the help of maps, we are able to represent the real world on a much smaller scale. Individuals who opt for a career as a cartographer are those who make maps. But, cartography is not just limited to maps, it is about a mixture of art , science , and technology. As a cartographer, not only you will create maps but use various geodetic surveys and remote sensing systems to measure, analyse, and create different maps for political, cultural or educational purposes.

Budget Analyst

Budget analysis, in a nutshell, entails thoroughly analyzing the details of a financial budget. The budget analysis aims to better understand and manage revenue. Budget analysts assist in the achievement of financial targets, the preservation of profitability, and the pursuit of long-term growth for a business. Budget analysts generally have a bachelor's degree in accounting, finance, economics, or a closely related field. Knowledge of Financial Management is of prime importance in this career.

Product Manager

A Product Manager is a professional responsible for product planning and marketing. He or she manages the product throughout the Product Life Cycle, gathering and prioritising the product. A product manager job description includes defining the product vision and working closely with team members of other departments to deliver winning products.  

Underwriter

An underwriter is a person who assesses and evaluates the risk of insurance in his or her field like mortgage, loan, health policy, investment, and so on and so forth. The underwriter career path does involve risks as analysing the risks means finding out if there is a way for the insurance underwriter jobs to recover the money from its clients. If the risk turns out to be too much for the company then in the future it is an underwriter who will be held accountable for it. Therefore, one must carry out his or her job with a lot of attention and diligence.

Finance Executive

Operations manager.

Individuals in the operations manager jobs are responsible for ensuring the efficiency of each department to acquire its optimal goal. They plan the use of resources and distribution of materials. The operations manager's job description includes managing budgets, negotiating contracts, and performing administrative tasks.

Bank Probationary Officer (PO)

Investment director.

An investment director is a person who helps corporations and individuals manage their finances. They can help them develop a strategy to achieve their goals, including paying off debts and investing in the future. In addition, he or she can help individuals make informed decisions.

Welding Engineer

Welding Engineer Job Description: A Welding Engineer work involves managing welding projects and supervising welding teams. He or she is responsible for reviewing welding procedures, processes and documentation. A career as Welding Engineer involves conducting failure analyses and causes on welding issues. 

Transportation Planner

A career as Transportation Planner requires technical application of science and technology in engineering, particularly the concepts, equipment and technologies involved in the production of products and services. In fields like land use, infrastructure review, ecological standards and street design, he or she considers issues of health, environment and performance. A Transportation Planner assigns resources for implementing and designing programmes. He or she is responsible for assessing needs, preparing plans and forecasts and compliance with regulations.

An expert in plumbing is aware of building regulations and safety standards and works to make sure these standards are upheld. Testing pipes for leakage using air pressure and other gauges, and also the ability to construct new pipe systems by cutting, fitting, measuring and threading pipes are some of the other more involved aspects of plumbing. Individuals in the plumber career path are self-employed or work for a small business employing less than ten people, though some might find working for larger entities or the government more desirable.

Construction Manager

Individuals who opt for a career as construction managers have a senior-level management role offered in construction firms. Responsibilities in the construction management career path are assigning tasks to workers, inspecting their work, and coordinating with other professionals including architects, subcontractors, and building services engineers.

Urban Planner

Urban Planning careers revolve around the idea of developing a plan to use the land optimally, without affecting the environment. Urban planning jobs are offered to those candidates who are skilled in making the right use of land to distribute the growing population, to create various communities. 

Urban planning careers come with the opportunity to make changes to the existing cities and towns. They identify various community needs and make short and long-term plans accordingly.

Highway Engineer

Highway Engineer Job Description:  A Highway Engineer is a civil engineer who specialises in planning and building thousands of miles of roads that support connectivity and allow transportation across the country. He or she ensures that traffic management schemes are effectively planned concerning economic sustainability and successful implementation.

Environmental Engineer

Individuals who opt for a career as an environmental engineer are construction professionals who utilise the skills and knowledge of biology, soil science, chemistry and the concept of engineering to design and develop projects that serve as solutions to various environmental problems. 

Naval Architect

A Naval Architect is a professional who designs, produces and repairs safe and sea-worthy surfaces or underwater structures. A Naval Architect stays involved in creating and designing ships, ferries, submarines and yachts with implementation of various principles such as gravity, ideal hull form, buoyancy and stability. 

Orthotist and Prosthetist

Orthotists and Prosthetists are professionals who provide aid to patients with disabilities. They fix them to artificial limbs (prosthetics) and help them to regain stability. There are times when people lose their limbs in an accident. In some other occasions, they are born without a limb or orthopaedic impairment. Orthotists and prosthetists play a crucial role in their lives with fixing them to assistive devices and provide mobility.

Veterinary Doctor

Pathologist.

A career in pathology in India is filled with several responsibilities as it is a medical branch and affects human lives. The demand for pathologists has been increasing over the past few years as people are getting more aware of different diseases. Not only that, but an increase in population and lifestyle changes have also contributed to the increase in a pathologist’s demand. The pathology careers provide an extremely huge number of opportunities and if you want to be a part of the medical field you can consider being a pathologist. If you want to know more about a career in pathology in India then continue reading this article.

Speech Therapist

Gynaecologist.

Gynaecology can be defined as the study of the female body. The job outlook for gynaecology is excellent since there is evergreen demand for one because of their responsibility of dealing with not only women’s health but also fertility and pregnancy issues. Although most women prefer to have a women obstetrician gynaecologist as their doctor, men also explore a career as a gynaecologist and there are ample amounts of male doctors in the field who are gynaecologists and aid women during delivery and childbirth. 

An oncologist is a specialised doctor responsible for providing medical care to patients diagnosed with cancer. He or she uses several therapies to control the cancer and its effect on the human body such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy and biopsy. An oncologist designs a treatment plan based on a pathology report after diagnosing the type of cancer and where it is spreading inside the body.

Audiologist

The audiologist career involves audiology professionals who are responsible to treat hearing loss and proactively preventing the relevant damage. Individuals who opt for a career as an audiologist use various testing strategies with the aim to determine if someone has a normal sensitivity to sounds or not. After the identification of hearing loss, a hearing doctor is required to determine which sections of the hearing are affected, to what extent they are affected, and where the wound causing the hearing loss is found. As soon as the hearing loss is identified, the patients are provided with recommendations for interventions and rehabilitation such as hearing aids, cochlear implants, and appropriate medical referrals. While audiology is a branch of science that studies and researches hearing, balance, and related disorders.

Hospital Administrator

The hospital Administrator is in charge of organising and supervising the daily operations of medical services and facilities. This organising includes managing of organisation’s staff and its members in service, budgets, service reports, departmental reporting and taking reminders of patient care and services.

For an individual who opts for a career as an actor, the primary responsibility is to completely speak to the character he or she is playing and to persuade the crowd that the character is genuine by connecting with them and bringing them into the story. This applies to significant roles and littler parts, as all roles join to make an effective creation. Here in this article, we will discuss how to become an actor in India, actor exams, actor salary in India, and actor jobs. 

Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats create and direct original routines for themselves, in addition to developing interpretations of existing routines. The work of circus acrobats can be seen in a variety of performance settings, including circus, reality shows, sports events like the Olympics, movies and commercials. Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats must be prepared to face rejections and intermittent periods of work. The creativity of acrobats may extend to other aspects of the performance. For example, acrobats in the circus may work with gym trainers, celebrities or collaborate with other professionals to enhance such performance elements as costume and or maybe at the teaching end of the career.

Video Game Designer

Career as a video game designer is filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. A video game designer is someone who is involved in the process of creating a game from day one. He or she is responsible for fulfilling duties like designing the character of the game, the several levels involved, plot, art and similar other elements. Individuals who opt for a career as a video game designer may also write the codes for the game using different programming languages.

Depending on the video game designer job description and experience they may also have to lead a team and do the early testing of the game in order to suggest changes and find loopholes.

Radio Jockey

Radio Jockey is an exciting, promising career and a great challenge for music lovers. If you are really interested in a career as radio jockey, then it is very important for an RJ to have an automatic, fun, and friendly personality. If you want to get a job done in this field, a strong command of the language and a good voice are always good things. Apart from this, in order to be a good radio jockey, you will also listen to good radio jockeys so that you can understand their style and later make your own by practicing.

A career as radio jockey has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. If you want to know more about a career as radio jockey, and how to become a radio jockey then continue reading the article.

Choreographer

The word “choreography" actually comes from Greek words that mean “dance writing." Individuals who opt for a career as a choreographer create and direct original dances, in addition to developing interpretations of existing dances. A Choreographer dances and utilises his or her creativity in other aspects of dance performance. For example, he or she may work with the music director to select music or collaborate with other famous choreographers to enhance such performance elements as lighting, costume and set design.

Videographer

Multimedia specialist.

A multimedia specialist is a media professional who creates, audio, videos, graphic image files, computer animations for multimedia applications. He or she is responsible for planning, producing, and maintaining websites and applications. 

Social Media Manager

A career as social media manager involves implementing the company’s or brand’s marketing plan across all social media channels. Social media managers help in building or improving a brand’s or a company’s website traffic, build brand awareness, create and implement marketing and brand strategy. Social media managers are key to important social communication as well.

Copy Writer

In a career as a copywriter, one has to consult with the client and understand the brief well. A career as a copywriter has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. Several new mediums of advertising are opening therefore making it a lucrative career choice. Students can pursue various copywriter courses such as Journalism , Advertising , Marketing Management . Here, we have discussed how to become a freelance copywriter, copywriter career path, how to become a copywriter in India, and copywriting career outlook. 

Careers in journalism are filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. One cannot afford to miss out on the details. As it is the small details that provide insights into a story. Depending on those insights a journalist goes about writing a news article. A journalism career can be stressful at times but if you are someone who is passionate about it then it is the right choice for you. If you want to know more about the media field and journalist career then continue reading this article.

For publishing books, newspapers, magazines and digital material, editorial and commercial strategies are set by publishers. Individuals in publishing career paths make choices about the markets their businesses will reach and the type of content that their audience will be served. Individuals in book publisher careers collaborate with editorial staff, designers, authors, and freelance contributors who develop and manage the creation of content.

In a career as a vlogger, one generally works for himself or herself. However, once an individual has gained viewership there are several brands and companies that approach them for paid collaboration. It is one of those fields where an individual can earn well while following his or her passion. 

Ever since internet costs got reduced the viewership for these types of content has increased on a large scale. Therefore, a career as a vlogger has a lot to offer. If you want to know more about the Vlogger eligibility, roles and responsibilities then continue reading the article. 

Individuals in the editor career path is an unsung hero of the news industry who polishes the language of the news stories provided by stringers, reporters, copywriters and content writers and also news agencies. Individuals who opt for a career as an editor make it more persuasive, concise and clear for readers. In this article, we will discuss the details of the editor's career path such as how to become an editor in India, editor salary in India and editor skills and qualities.

Linguistic meaning is related to language or Linguistics which is the study of languages. A career as a linguistic meaning, a profession that is based on the scientific study of language, and it's a very broad field with many specialities. Famous linguists work in academia, researching and teaching different areas of language, such as phonetics (sounds), syntax (word order) and semantics (meaning). 

Other researchers focus on specialities like computational linguistics, which seeks to better match human and computer language capacities, or applied linguistics, which is concerned with improving language education. Still, others work as language experts for the government, advertising companies, dictionary publishers and various other private enterprises. Some might work from home as freelance linguists. Philologist, phonologist, and dialectician are some of Linguist synonym. Linguists can study French , German , Italian . 

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The career of a travel journalist is full of passion, excitement and responsibility. Journalism as a career could be challenging at times, but if you're someone who has been genuinely enthusiastic about all this, then it is the best decision for you. Travel journalism jobs are all about insightful, artfully written, informative narratives designed to cover the travel industry. Travel Journalist is someone who explores, gathers and presents information as a news article.

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A quality controller plays a crucial role in an organisation. He or she is responsible for performing quality checks on manufactured products. He or she identifies the defects in a product and rejects the product. 

A quality controller records detailed information about products with defects and sends it to the supervisor or plant manager to take necessary actions to improve the production process.

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A metallurgical engineer is a professional who studies and produces materials that bring power to our world. He or she extracts metals from ores and rocks and transforms them into alloys, high-purity metals and other materials used in developing infrastructure, transportation and healthcare equipment. 

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An AWS Solution Architect is someone who specializes in developing and implementing cloud computing systems. He or she has a good understanding of the various aspects of cloud computing and can confidently deploy and manage their systems. He or she troubleshoots the issues and evaluates the risk from the third party. 

Computer Programmer

Careers in computer programming primarily refer to the systematic act of writing code and moreover include wider computer science areas. The word 'programmer' or 'coder' has entered into practice with the growing number of newly self-taught tech enthusiasts. Computer programming careers involve the use of designs created by software developers and engineers and transforming them into commands that can be implemented by computers. These commands result in regular usage of social media sites, word-processing applications and browsers.

ITSM Manager

Information security manager.

Individuals in the information security manager career path involves in overseeing and controlling all aspects of computer security. The IT security manager job description includes planning and carrying out security measures to protect the business data and information from corruption, theft, unauthorised access, and deliberate attack 

Business Intelligence Developer

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Master List for Describing Weather

A lot of writers struggle with describing settings. I’ve written before about how to describe settings and why it matters , but a few people have told me they’d like me to do some of my master lists for writers to help them out!

I have a weird love for creating lists like this, so I’m happy to do it. “How to describe weather” seemed like a good place to start. This way, you won’t get stuck trying to figure out how to describe nice weather, or thinking up ways to describe rain. Hopefully, this will make your writing go faster.

I always include simple as well as more creative ways to describe or write about weather. Sometimes, the simple word is the one you want! I included dryness and humidity in a few of the categories because it felt weird for them to get their own.

As always, this is not a comprehensive list, and I might add to it. My list will probably make you think of other possibilities, too. Bookmark or pin it for future writing reference!

HOT WEATHER 

blazing sunshine

glaring sun

baking in the sun

sun-drenched

scorching heat

extravagant heat

relentless sun

like a suana

dense tropical heat

radiating heat

blistering heat

oppressive heat

insufferable heat

suffocating heat

heat pressing down

searing sun

shimmering heat

like an oven

like a furnace

WARM / PLEASANT WEATHER

(“Pleasant” is a matter of opinion, of course.)

a beautiful day

a clear day

a temperate day

a golden day

a glorious day

heavenly weather

bright and sunny

a gorgeous spring day

a dazzling summer day

a brilliant autumn day

a vivid blue sky

a cloudless sky

fluffy white clouds

gentle sunshine

lazy sunshine

kind sunshine

filtered sunlight

dappled sunlight

welcome warmth

one of those rare, perfect days

the kind of day that made people forget to worry

the kind of day that lifted people’s moods

COOL WEATHER

refreshing air

stimulating cool air

invigorating cool air

bracing cool air

a nip in the air

a brisk day

a chilly day

weak sunshine

GRAY / OVERCAST WEATHER

(Most people don’t like gray days, so most of these descriptions are negative. I love them, so I had to add a few positive descriptions.)

colorless sky

a soft gray sky

a dove-gray sky

a gray day made for books and tea

steel-gray sky

granite sky

cement-gray sky

threatening clouds

foreboding clouds

COLD WEATHER

glacial air

bitter cold

brutal cold

bone-chilling cold

penetrating cold

devastating cold

numbing cold

punishing cold

dangerous cold

unforgiving cold

too cold to talk

so cold it burned one’s lungs

so cold it took one’s breath away

like a blast from a hair dryer

a gust of wind

insistent winds

heavy winds

strong winds

cutting wind

whipping winds

biting wind

wintry squall

violent gale

howling wind

shifting winds

restless wind

fresh breeze

soft breeze

balmy breeze

perfumed breeze

slight breeze

hint of a breeze

stirring breeze

wind rustling through the trees

fine drizzle

gray drizzle

pebbles of falling rain

spitting rain

stinging rain

steady rain

rain falling in torrents

cascades of rain

rain beating down

shower of rain

sheets of rain

hard-driving rain

pelting rain

lashing rain

slashing rain

THUNDER AND LIGHTNING

rumbling in the distance

a roll of distant thunder

crash of thunder

crackle of thunder

crack of thunder

clap of thunder

bang of thunder

booming thunder

rattled with thunder

earth-shaking thunder

tempestuous

a furious storm

flash of lightning

streaks of lightning

SNOW AND ICE

flurries of snow

dancing flakes

snowflakes floating down

snowflakes wafting down

swirling snow

falling thick and fast

big flakes falling like petals

blinding snowstorm

raging blizzard

sparkling expanses

blankets of white

caked with snow

boulders of snow

branches coated in ice

glittering ice

crystallized by frost

silvered with frost

clouds of mist

swirling mist

billowing fog

cloaked in mist

cocooned in fog

shrouded in fog

enveloped by fog

smothered by fog

made mysterious by fog

the fog rolled in

the fog was burning off

the fog was lifting

the fog was clearing

the fog was dissipating

I have many lists like this in my book  Master Lists for Writers: Thesauruses, Plots, Character Traits, Names, and More . Check it out!

Do you describe weather conditions in your writing? Do you have a favorite example of a weather description? Let me know in the comments! Thanks for reading, and happy writing!

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21 thoughts on “ master list for describing weather ”.

In my current WIP, weather is a crucial element. Not only is the woman in the romance a professional photographer — of weather — but it is a weather phenomenon, namely a tornado, that brings them together. So the description of the sky and the weather is quite detailed in places (specially as the supercell storm roars down on them).

On another angle, the phrase “gloriously sunny” is one that despite having that horrible “ly” adverb (shudder) is so evocative of the type of weather and the POV character’s attitude (and possibly even the type of weather that has gone before), that it’s powerful. It says a huge amount with only two words.

Hi Chris! Oh, wow…that’s a lot more detailed than most of us ever get in writing about the weather. It sounds like a great premise!

I will need this list as I begin edits next month on my WIP. I currently live in Hawaii, but am writing a story at Christmas time in Vermont. 🙂 Thank you!

Aw, nice! That’s some very different weather from what you’re used to. 🙂

It really is! And traveling to the climate I need isn’t ideal right now. So, off to the freezer I go! 🙂

Wow! This is fantastic. Thanks. You ARE a master at this.

• Pingback: Master List for Describing Weather – Written By Bryn Donovan – Writer's Treasure Chest

This is comprehensive! It’s bookmarked for future use. Thanks!

Thanks, Steve, I’m glad you liked it!

Amazing list that goes beyond the words that I struggle with – especially describing the rain-painted setting of Snowdonia.

Love your lists. You don’t have one for beaches by any chance? Would this, including the weather be another book by any chance??

Hi, Nicole! It’s funny you should ask. 🙂 I am going to release a second, more expanded version of MASTER LISTS FOR WRITERS . It’s going to have several setting descriptions in there (including a whole list for beaches!), and the weather list will be in there, too! I’m hoping to get it done before November of this year, but we’ll see. Thanks for asking!

That’s awesome and look forward to it’s release.

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I am in Chinan. I happened to enter this web-link and want to learn more about writing, I wonder if there are any descriptive passages. I can only find some words and expressions…

That was really useful. Thank you!

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This list is fabulous. Thank you for sharing it. I will be consulting it when incorporating weather elements into writing my next picture book.

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The New York Times

The learning network | what are your experiences with severe weather.

What Are Your Experiences With Severe Weather?

Questions about issues in the news for students 13 and older.

• See all Student Opinion »

Tens of millions of people who live on the East Coast spent the weekend preparing for the arrival of Hurricane Sandy. Were you and your family among them? If so, how did you get ready for the storm?

In “East Coast Prepares for Storm’s Arrival,” Michael Schwirtz describes the efforts to be as ready as possible for Hurricane Sandy:

Governors across the region have declared emergencies, and federal officials have issued urgent warnings for people to prepare. From Plymouth, Me., to Cape Hatteras, N.C., residents boarded up windows; stocked up on water, batteries and food; and prepared to hunker down. Airlines encouraged people with flights scheduled in the next few days to change their plans and waived cancellation fees. Though airports remained open, major airlines including Delta, United and American, announced that flights would be canceled. American Airlines said it canceled 140 flights on Sunday and would cancel an additional 1,431 flights from Monday through Wednesday. Amtrak has also shut down train service to parts of the East Coast, including between Washington and New York. At supply stores across the region, generators and other goods were snapped up in preparation for the possibility of extended power failures. Tens of thousands of people who live on the state’s densely populated barrier islands — from Sandy Hook to Cape May — were evacuating on Sunday in compliance with an order issued by Gov. Chris Christie. The evacuation included the 40,000 residents of Atlantic City, where the casinos closed at 3 p.m. on Sunday. All New Jersey Transit service, including buses and rail and light rail lines, were to be suspended starting at 4 p.m.

• If you live on the East Coast of the United States, is this the first time you ever prepared for a severe weather event?
• What have you and your family done to get ready for the arrival of Hurricane Sandy?

How were you feeling as you watched the news and tracked the storm’s path? How do you feel now?

• Regardless of where you live, have you experienced similar storms or other kinds of severe weather events in the past? When?
• What are your personal stories about experiencing and recovering from a significant weather event like a hurricane?

Students 13 and older are invited to comment below. Please use only your first name. For privacy policy reasons, we will not publish student comments that include a last name.

Related: Our complete collection of hurricane resources , and our 6 Q’s About the News, Hurricane Sandy Versus the East Coast .

Comments are no longer being accepted.

Sandy’s winds is affecting Georgia severely. The weather is switching from cold to hot fronts. Im not sure how to dress for the weather because of the unexpected changes.

I live in Georgia, the only thing we have experienced from hurricane Sandy so far, is severe winds and cooler weather. The weather has been effected mostly,by temperature change.

I live in Georgia, our weather has been effected just by the rapid weather change from cold, windy mornings to hot, sunny afternoons and from hot to cold in the night.

This is the first time I have ever prepared for a severe weather event. Last year when the East coast was expecting Irene I didn’t think very much of it. Irene wasn’t even supposed to hit New Jersey as hard as Sandy. Sure, my mom did go to the supermarkets and buy bottles of water, but I wasn’t concerned. For hurricane Sandy, I really don’t know what to expect. If schools were closing all over the East coast, and New York transportation was shut down, Sandy must be colossal.

My family and I have done plenty to prepare for the hurricane. My mom got water and bought non perishable foods. She also got out the flashlights and extra batteries. I think we are going to fill up our bathtubs with water, so we can flush our toilets if we lose our water. I brought in the furniture from outside and put it in the garage, so they wouldn’t go flying. We don’t really know what Sandy is bringing our way.

I was feeling a little scared and excited at the same time when I saw where the storm was headed. When I saw that Sandy was headed towards central New Jersey, I was afraid because that’s where I live. However, I was excited because this was the first major storm I was in the middle of. I feel the same now, fearful and thrilled, because school was canceled, but it is looking very bad outside. Obama is saying we should take Sandy a little more serious and I think I need to.

I have experienced similar storms in the past. I experienced hurricane Irene. For our family, hurricane Irene wasn’t that bad, but we did have flooding in our basement. Our town had flooding and some roads were closed for a while, along with fallen trees and power lines. Having said that, I don’t know how bad Sandy will be this time.

When we had hurricane Irene before, we had flooding in our basement. When you went down there and walked into a particular corner, the water would ooze out of the carpet. Since there was nonstop rain, we had to find a way to soak up the water. My dad actually has a huge collection of newspapers that he saved. My mom wanted to get rid of the newspapers and she came up with a great idea. My mom and I, little by little, took the newspapers and laid them down where there was flooding. After forty-five minutes, we had to go down to the basement and replace the newspapers until the rain stopped.

Right before I came to US, it was a arrival of hurricane in my city, and it was really high signal warning number. What we have done was stay at home. Tape the big tapes to the windows, just case it doesn’t fall if it breaks. I did walk in the street after the warning number decreases a little bit. I felt the wind was moving me and even the trees around are almost dropped. I think school closed is a good idea because it is pretty dangerous to the students on their ways to go to school or home, but I don’t recommend people hang around during this bad weather. It makes accident happen easily.

I was living in Brooklyn last time when Hurricane Irene came. Actually, I not afraid Hurricane, in opposite, I so exciting, because we had a stimulate time. In New York City, bus and subway was close already. That’s a good choice for avoid accident, and the Government settle down a lot for homeless people. I think Government did a good job in this time. When Hurricane coming, the best idea is stay at home. In a general way, save some water and food indispensable. I hope everybody be safe in this time Hurricane.

I do live on the east coast of the United States, and this is my first time preparing for a weather event. Same things me and my roommate have done already was food shopping bought flash light and put cardboard boxers around the windows just in case the wind picks up and blows out the windows . At first I was feeling kind of scared but then I got over it and said to myself this will be over before you know it. No I have not experienced anything like this storm or any other weather event like hurricane sandy. I don’t have any stories about experiencing and recovering from a significant weather event like a hurricane.

Last year Hurricane Irene and a tornado came through my town. In my home we lost our power. The whole building was lite by candles and flashlights. We kept all the kids on the first floor between two apartments. Grateful that my stove was gas I was able to cook for everyone. There wasn’t any water damage done to our building. Although a lot of our phones were out and took two to three day for them to be restored. This is now my third sever weather event. To get ready for Hurricane Sandy I’ve put new batteries in my flashlights and got my candles out. Medications are all in one spot, and also making sure that my phone is fully charged. As I looked up the news I was scared for my daughter to go to school. Her school is off a major road right next to the river. I now am still a little nerves knowing that I do live by the river and i could experience water damage or have to leave my home.

This will not be the first time for me in being prepared for a sever thunderstorm. Yet, we’ve always have items that we would need in case of a storm. In case the storm becomes more violent, my family and i have stocked up on firewood, to keep warm in case the power likes to go out on us. We Also, Stocked up on warm clothing and stocked up on food and water in case the roads are destroyed by the washouts from the rain. As i watch the weather warnings on the oncoming storm, and seeing the clouds turning darker be the minute, I feel like that there’s gonna be a massive corruption as I’ll be driving home in this storm. In addition to all the land that would be washed out, over the roads, homes destroyed, and lose of power. What i feel now is that the sooner the storm is over the better i would feel. Yet I have experienced violent storms that haven’t hit where i live; I’ve dealt with storms a few years ago by my old high school where I’ve seen many faces upside down because of the lose of homes friends and family. My personal experience of storms i would not like to talk about, However, the result of recovering from a hurricane, is very hard to forget about. But when you help others in need. Seeing the smiles they give back makes you forget the troubles that you feel after the storm has passed.

I live in New York city, our weather is usually affected by change in temperature. However, when I think of a time in which I’ve experienced severe weather, I find myself on the date of August 27, 2011. Me and my parents watched the news together, listening to mayor Bloomberg speak. The mayor, as well federal officials urged strong warnings to prepare for hurricaine Irene. I felt frightened and small and intimidated. I knew to expect the unexpected. My parents strongly felt that it was important to be well prepared. Therefore we drove to food places and supply stores. We stocked up on supplies for extended possibilities in power failures. When we boarded our windows, I felt a sense of more security. I was less scared, being assured that I was at least prepared for what was to come of hurricaine Irene.

Luckly my place was ok last year, however some people lost their place. I felt so bad for them because that was not the first time, and I clearly remember how much I was terrified of wild and a siren at that time. I learned about preparing such as food , flash lamp and clean water also safety place in my place. On the Sep 9th 2012 ,I was on the plan When the plan almost get to the JFK airport ,There was concerned about storms .so we had to lay over in hong – kong for 9 hours. I landed at midnight in the JFK airport. I had a fear and I had missed the train for Albany. It was hard for me ,I felt worn out with long flight and I had no Idea where should I stay until The cap driver take me to the motel. When I watched the news and tracked the storm’s path today, It made me think how weak I am. In addition, the news makes me pray for others, Hope everybody is ok.

This is the first time I have prepared for a storm,so needless to say this was quite the experience for me. My family and I went out to grocery,and other outlets to get what we needed.We purchased lots of water,perishables,and other necessities like batteries,candles, and fuel for our generator.When I first watched the news tracking the storm I really didn’t think that it would be this bad, but now that I’ve seen more of what going on ,and the alerts I’m a little bit more nervous about whats going to happen. In the past I have experienced others storms,however the most recent storm was hurricane Irene last year. My family and i were hit pretty bad with the flood. Our family business sits across from the river,so when the flood came we watched all the equipment,and saw all the damage it caused. As a result we had to go into our savings to get back all we lost. It was a devastating feeling,but we overcame it.

I actually remember one year this horrible hurricane came and the power was out for about a week and school was cancelled. It was the worst hurricane i experienced so far. Schools were cancelled and the power was out and everyone spent more time outside because it was just way too hot to be inside. Lots of people had water coming in through the windows and the water would leak through the roof. Eventually things started to get better and people were able to move on from the experience.

Everytime i turn on the news, the feeling that swoops over me is plain fear. Either it being fear of a national threat, such as the Taliban menacing the United States or something more local yet more disasastrous sch as a natural disaster. Currently, Hurricane Sandy has not only induced fear over me but over everybody in the East Coast because it has been predicted that Hurricane Sandy will create a disastrous aftermath.

I live in New Jersey, so yes, i am directly impacted by the storm. It’s not he first time I’ve had to prepare for a storm like this, because of last years’ hurricane irene. Irene was the first hurricane/storm I’ve ever been through and it was an important event, because it affected so many people, some more than others, and it’s terrible to see so many others left with almost nothing and i feel grateful to have what i need. Luckily, my family and friends were fine, but there were still many preparations that had to be made, just like this year. This year, we are making sure our windows won’t leak (which we learned the hard way last time) and have all supplies necessary in case there is a shortage of food, power, etc. hurricane sandy has caused all the schools in my district to close form monday to tuesday, but we still all have to be careful. As always, many supermarket shelves are empty and all shops have closed, leaving what is probably all of New Jersey indoors for at least 3-4 or more days, especially since sandy is passing by much more slowly than Irene did. The news is always on in my house, so I”m always informed with the latest reports on the conditions around us, what’s to expect and how to prepare. I’m glad to still have electricity, but it could go any moment, so i make sure everything is charged and ready, just in case. It’s always good to take advantage of what we have and use it well.

Since I live on the east coast I am not new to hurricanes. My family and I have prepared for hurricanes before hurricane Sandy. To get ready for hurricane Sandy my family and I went to the local drug store to get water and batteries . The batteries are used for keeping the flashlights running. When I was watching the news. When I was watching the news tracking Sandy I was a bit uneasy. I was wondering what might happen if we did not have electricity for long periods of time. Right now I am not to worried because now we have batteries, so if the power goes out then we can use flashlights. I have had storms like this in my area before. For example Hurricane Irene hit my town last summer. When large hurricanes rip through my town, such as Sandy I get nervous. Mainly because I hope nothing gets destroyed. After a hurricane everything goes back to normal. Unless I have to go find a garbage can that flew away.

This is my first time preparing for a severe weather event, like Hurricane Sandy. We have only gotten one other Hurricane since I have lived in New Jersey , and that was Hurricane Irene last summer. I didn’t actually think too much of Hurricane Irene since it was summer and I wasn’t watching the weather channel to much and no one really seemed to worry about Irene in my house. But Hurricane Sandy is so much different. My family watches the weather channel 24/7 now and we keep our selves informed of what’s coming our way. In addition to watching the weather channel, over the weekend my family went out and purchased items. We purchased non-perishable food, packs of water bottles, flashlights, and batteries.

Watching Hurricane Sandy’s path on the news worried me but also excited me. I was scared because I had never experienced a storm so severe before and I didn’t know what would happen. However I was also excited because my school district called school off for two days.

I have experienced severe weather events in the past (not as great and extreme as Sandy). When I was in third grade, one day New Jersey experienced heavy rain and severe thunderstorms. I remember it because I remember how the thunder had been louder than usual thunder and I also remember my choir concert being canceled because of it. Also one time in 2004 when I was returning from my trip from India there was a severe snowstorm. I remember having to sit in the airplane and circle the sky for an hour waiting for it to stop and then they had to clean the snow so that the plane could land safely.

Since I don’t live near a river and I don’t have a basement in my house I don’t really have any personal stories about recovering from a weather event like Hurricanes. However during the Severe Snow Storm I remember having to help shovel out the inches of snow that had piled near my door and on my car. I also remember when we had severe thunderstorms and rain a tree near my neighbor’s house had knocked over. We had all helped move it and later called the association to move it.

Here comes Sandy and yes,this is the first time that my family and I, have ever prepared for a severe weather event. We have been stocking up on goods and necessities like torches,batteries,water and food,mostly canned,to be prepared for possible power outages that we are told might last a week. As we went shopping, I saw panic shopping for the first time in my life. People were rushing around,wildly dashing through the rows of canned food and dumping whatever they could lay their hands on. It was surprising to see many shelves in shops like Walmart being empty. There were huge queues at the billing counters and large lines of cars with people rushing home. As the television channels and the newspapers were blaring out warning of the impending disaster, we did not panic initially, as many of these minor storms and hurricanes were known to pass through this area. But when we realized that it was going to cause some serious damage,we were scared,as this was our first experience with mother nature’s rage in this part of the world. But now,when we are in the middle of the storm, we are glad that our area has not been hit as badly as some of the unfortunate regions that have suffered great damage. Back in India, we only faced some heavy rains and cold winds, but nothing this severe. This certainly was a superstorm. We spent our time watching movies and we had no clue as to when the storm arrived and when it passed away. Now looking out the window I realize that in few hours time,it should be gone from here. This storm was very powerful,but very quick. This storm taught me how to be prepared for adversities. The sight of an uprooted tree in front of my house is devastating. This shows how vulnerable we humans are if we are not protected. Well ,I have something to say to Sandy “ Goodbye Sandy, Don’t come back”.

I live on the east coast and this has been the first time my family has prepared for a severe weather event. Last year, when Irene hit, we were not in the vicinity, so we didn’t have to worry about that hurricane.

To prepare for Hurricane Sandy, we went out to buy 3 crates of packaged water. We bought a couple of loaves of bread, some cartons of milk and eggs. We both many packs of batteries, bought a lamp that ran on solar power and made sure we knew where all our flashlights were. We also cleaned up the garage so we could park both our cars inside. We charged all our phones and iPads ahead of time. Finally, we filled up our bathtub with water so that if we lost power, we could still use the bathroom.

Throughout Sunday and Monday evening, as we were watching the news, I felt a little anxious, looking at all the live footage of the flooding, especially in the NYC Subways. I also felt excited though, because I had never been through a storm like this and it felt kind of exciting. After the storm passed though, I feel annoyed that Sandy had to cause so much damage because many people around our district lost power, and wont be getting it back until Monday, so school will be cancelled. Although it was nice not to go to school for a couple of days, it is also dreadfully boring, especially since you can’t go out anywhere. I also feel annoyed that we won’t be allowed to go out to trick-or-treat this year.

I have never been through another hurricane, but i have been through two heavy snowstorms in the past, sometime around the 2004-2005 timeframe.

When the two heavy snow storms hit, I remember school being cancelled for a very long time. I lived in an apartment then, so we didn’t have to shovel the snow. The day it finally stopped snowing, and paths were shoveled through the snow, my family went out to the nearest grocery store to buy food and other necessities. I’ve never had to recover from a hurricane though.

I live on the east coast (this is post-sandy) and this is not the first time i have prepared for a severe storm. Last years Irene was also a severe storm. For the arrival of Sandy, me and my family have bought bottled water, flashlights, canned food, and batteries. We brought all of the outdoor furniture inside and made sure none of the windows had any leakages, because last year, one of the windows was cracked and there was rainwater seeping in. When i was watching the news, i did not feel afraid at all. Last year, when Irene struck, i was scared, becaus i heard that there would be major flooding. that was not my first hurricane, but it was the first severe hurricane i had been in. we had prepared alot for irene and nothing much happened. i was surprised when my neighbors trampoline did not blow away when irene was there. but this year was different. their trampoline did blow away and my dad was afraid it would crash into my house and break the windows. luckily, the trampoline got stuck in some evergreens, that later fell, and got bent out of shape. aslo, i read another article that said that people think that sandy will not b that bad. thats what i thought, since last year we lost power for only a few hours and it came back before it got dark again. but this time, we have no power and there is no internet connection. (im in the public library with the rest of the world trying to get internet connection). its awful and our power supposed to come back in 4 more days and we havent had power for the last 3 days. but there is no flodding, so thats good. The last severe strom was Irene, which i did not think was that bad except for the rivers flooding. Last year, there wasnt anything to recover from, but this year, there are a few fallen trees in my yard that i have to get rid of, but nothing severe except for the fact that there is no power in my neighborhood.

I live where just floods and torandoes. Ido not think a flood could get to my houe.So i just have to think about torandoes. Floods are realy dangerous.

Thankfully, living in Utah, I’m not physically affected by Hurricane Sandy; but, I do know people living on the East Coast and my thoughts and prayers go out to all affected by the hurricane. Living in Utah, we do have to deal with the hurricane in our area, but sometimes are hit with a snowstorm here and there, but nothing too severe in my lifetime; I’ve only had one snow day before. Witnessing and tracking Hurricane Sandy and it’s affects makes me anxious and worried for those on the East Coast of our country, and all those connected through family and friends.

I live in Georgia,the only thing I affected from hurricane Sandy was very strong winds and cool weather. I’ve never really been in bad weather the only thing was strong winds. It was in tennesse all the sign were falling down and rain pouring very strong.

I live in the Bronx where the damage wasn’t as bad as other boroughs. I was home most of the time and heard the tress moving from all the wind. I saw the news very often and saw the flooding, fires and damage in other boroughs like Queens. The pictures from the aftermath of the storm are so sad and they changed my view on the seriousness of hurricanes. I would like to help and i look forward to doing so with my school !

I live in New York and Hurricane Sandy affected us with severe Winds and rain most of us went days without electricity and hot water , in addition some of my family members who live in Brooklyn Suffered with a lot of flooding through out their neighborhood, it was very difficult for them to contact anyone and for them to leave their homes to get supplies. Most of us weren’t prepared for hurricane sandy because Irene didn’t really affect us as much.

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What Can We Do About Extreme Weather?

Steve Cohen

Even without climate change, more people would be faced with the challenges of extreme weather events. That is because the human population continues to grow, our patterns of land use continue to change, and more and more of us are in the pathway of extreme weather events. A recent New York Times piece reported on a Gallup poll finding that one-third of all Americans have been exposed to extreme weather events since 2020. According to New York Times reporter Derrick Bryson Taylor:

“Thirty-three percent of U.S. adults said they had been affected by extreme weather since 2020… according to the survey , which was based on interviews conducted last month with about 1,000 adults living in all 50 states and Washington, D.C. Hurricanes and winter weather, such as snow, ice storms and blizzards, were the most common extreme weather events cited, followed by extreme heat and floods.”

While we experienced extreme weather events before climate change, climate change has made extreme weather more frequent and intense. Climate models in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries predicted impacts such as sea-level rise and extreme weather, but unlike other environmental problems such as toxic waste and air pollution, the causes were global, and the impacts were in the future. The resulting climate denial created a different type of environmental politics than the traditional politics that resulted from pollution with a visible local impact. In the 1970s, environmental policy was forged by consensus politics fueled by a threat that was obvious and undeniable. Today, it appears that there is a growing acceptance of “climate attribution science,” with more and more people accepting the notion that all this wacky weather is somehow related to climate change. That connection by the public could change the politics of climate change. The Gallup poll indicates that those who experience extreme weather tend to see climate change differently than those who have not. According to Taylor :

“…researchers found that attitudes about climate change were closely associated with personal experience with an extreme weather event. Sixty-three percent of those who had been affected by extreme weather said they worried “a great deal” about global warming, compared with 33 percent who had not been affected by extreme weather. Sixty-four percent of those who had been affected by extreme weather said that climate change would pose “a serious threat” to their way of life during their lifetime, compared with 36 percent who had not been affected by extreme weather. Sixty-seven percent of people who had lived through an extreme weather event, and 48 percent of those who had not, said that the government was not doing enough to protect the environment.” 

The massive disruption caused by extreme weather and the climate-related explanation for these events may change the politics of climate change, and climate may start to act more like traditional environmental issues. The connection between cause and impact is being made because the impacts can now be seen and felt. However, unlike traditional environmental problems, the causes are not only local. The policy prescriptions called for are more complex than those required by traditional environmental issues. Most forms of air pollution, water pollution and toxic releases can be addressed through rules and technology that are local, state-wide, and national. They are largely within the borders of sovereign nations. Climate change crosses borders because we share a common atmosphere, and greenhouse gasses created in one place impact the entire world.

One of Gallup’s most interesting findings is that the impact of experiencing extreme weather on attitudes toward climate change cuts across party lines. According to Gallup’s Jeffrey M. Jones:

“…when respondents’ partisanship is taken into account, victims of extreme weather are more likely than nonvictims to express concern about climate change. In most cases, there is a double-digit gap in climate-change attitudes between victims and nonvictims within each party group. For example, 79% of Democrats and Democratic-leaning independents who have personally been affected by an extreme weather event worry a great deal about global warming, compared with 60% of Democrats who have not had such an experience. Republicans and Republican leaners are far less likely to be concerned about global warming, but there is a 15-percentage-point gap in concern between Republicans who have (28%) and have not (13%) experienced extreme weather.”

Since extreme weather events are happening more frequently, we can expect the impact of these events on concern about climate change will increase over time. (Talk about learning a lesson the hard way.…) While this indicates that support for climate policy will increase, what can we actually do to respond to this concern about climate and extreme weather?

The approach to climate policy cannot be limited to prevention as it might in some areas of environmental policy because no single jurisdiction can prevent the problem. Still, America’s role as a global leader requires that we set an example and work to mitigate greenhouse gas pollution and develop technologies that can achieve that goal throughout the world. But in the short run, we also need to adapt to the new conditions caused by climate change. We must develop institutional mechanisms that enable communities to recover and rebuild in the aftermath of extreme weather events. We need to reconceptualize these events as routine occurrences requiring a predictable response, not as emergencies that are treated as rare and unusual.

Part of the issue of storm recovery is that our homes are more connected and more dependent on collective infrastructure than ever. While some homes might own a water well and water pump and possibly a septic tank or septic field, most Americans are connected to central water, sewage, communication, and electrical systems. Our homes, particularly due to the use of drywall, are easily damaged by floods. An absence of electricity can cause many crucial home systems to fail, leaving homes uninhabitable. The creature comforts we take for granted make recovery from extreme weather events complicated and expensive.

Due to the increasing frequency of extreme weather events, we need to develop private and publicly subsidized systems of insurance that pay the costs of reconstruction after disasters occur. Inevitably this will raise the already high cost of housing — which includes growing fees for insurance and taxes. Enacting a system of federally subsidized reconstruction insurance is politically infeasible at present but inevitable if current patterns of extreme weather persist. When such a system is finally put in place, it is critical that rates are progressive and guard against anything that increases homelessness.

In addition to private household and business reconstruction, we must also develop programs and revenue streams for infrastructure resilience and reconstruction. Schools, libraries, transportation, energy, water, communication, waste, and sewage infrastructure need to be made more weather-proof and, when damaged or destroyed, must be eligible for federal reconstruction grants. And yes, our federal tax rates must go up to pay for all of this.

Currently, weather disasters are treated as special rather than routine events. When disaster strikes, federal funding must be allocated through the theatrical spectacle of our dysfunctional Congress while victims sleep in shelters or on the couches of friends or family. The delay in funding causes pain and hardship. Children suffer as schooling is disrupted and the security of home is suddenly upended. While we have no control over nature and storms, we have a great deal of control over how we respond, recover, and rebuild.

As Mark Twain used to say (quoting someone named Charles Dudley Warner), “Everybody talks about the weather, but nobody does anything about it.” Well, we still can’t do anything to change weather, and hopefully, we are never arrogant enough to try that type of geoengineering, but we do need to predict weather, prepare for it, respond to it and learn how to rebuild after its destruction passes. The experience of extreme weather affects our view of how the world works. Objective facts that we experience personally are resistant to disinformation or ideology. Air pollution policy was a response to smog, and water pollution policy was a response to rivers that smelled bad and even caught fire. Perhaps climate change policy will be a response to our growing experience with extreme weather events.

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