essay on school facilities

School Facilities essay

The primary goal of any school is to provide an environment conducive for learning. This would cover the external and internal structure of the school where the atmosphere should be comfortable, secure, safe, accessible, well illuminated, well ventilated, and aesthetically pleasing for both students and school personnel alike. “The school facility consists of not just the physical structure such as plumbing, mechanical, electrical, telecommunications, security, fire prevention and suppression systems, and the various building systems, but it also includes furnishing, materials and supplies, equipment and information technology.

” It should also cover different aspects of the building grounds such as playgrounds, vehicular access and parking, athletic fields, and other areas for outdoor learning. It is said that “the layout and design of a facility contributes to the place experience of students, educators, and community members. ” There are varied feelings and reactions one would feel depending on the quality of design a school has; is it spacious or crowded; the facility also contributes to ones sense of ownership, safety and security, privacy as well as sociality.

When proper planning, designing, and managing school facilities, “these factors of the so called place experience should, when possible, be taken into consideration. ” Given the situation where existing spaces be converted to an office, first let us look into the set-up. The current condition is that there is an occupation work study class with an office at the back; this is the proposed area for the future office of the Assistant Principal. It should be noted that before changing or renovating school facilities several environmental issues are needed to be addressed.

These are classroom acoustics, indoor air quality, water quality, energy conservation, and abatement or asbestos, radon, and similar hazardous elements. These should also adhere to the government mandates such as energy deregulation and other regulations and guidelines of the state or federal levels. To expand the office but make both areas functional, the walls should be knocked down and be replaced with a sliding plastic divider. That will allow some private moments for small meetings but enable to accommodate even bigger groups.

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There should be the right amount and sizes of windows for daytime lighting capabilities, proper ventilation, and exit for extreme urgent situation cases. An air-conditioning unit should also be installed to use during very hot season and this unit should particularly be mounted on the area where there is less ventilation. Although it seemed that there will be expenditures in the demolition of the wall and the purchase of the air-condition unit, however, not at all times will this unit be used. Instead, opening the walls will give the other part an access of the air from the classroom.

Oftentimes, if the air can already pass through the windows then there will be little use of electric generated equipments this will save on some of the operational cost but with a fully functional space. The demolition of the wall must be thoroughly reviewed by an engineer because it can be part of the structure and it can cause a collapse of the entire floor. Unless it is guaranteed to be safe, then it can be torn down. An alternative solution is to open the upper part of the wall to create a 1 foot opening to let air come in.

Making an opening on the upper part of a wall permits hot air to go out thus cooling the place. Brightly colored paint such as pastels can also allow and enhance the light inside the room. This can also contribute to cutting down lighting costs without sacrificing the condition of the personnel inside the room. As much as possible, the choice of furniture should be done in such a way that it would occupy some portions of the office yet not overcrowd it. The provision of the office equipments will rely on need of the school employees occupying the room.

Normally, this would involve computer, fax machine, telephone, printer, and all others that would facilitate the office tasks. This renovation is a typical example of maximizing the school’s available resources to make every room useful but with less cost. The main objective of all school administrators is to make use of every possible space and turn into a fully functional unit. In fact, some very big classrooms are already divided to contain small groups of students for study shows that the smaller the class size the better it is for learning.

Concurrently, this will cut down on some of the school’s operational expenses since bigger rooms would need more electricity for lighting and longer use of any cooling system. It is also more expensive if a separate wing will be constructed just to provide more rooms for office work or for educational purposes. The best way is to identify unused facilities and spaces in the existing structure and develop them to make it efficient and serviceable. Usually, an architect or a builder would know the right materials to use to save on cost and also to avoid hazardous incidents.

For whatever purposes these facilities are utilized, still it should adhere to providing better service to the students, school employees, faculty, and administrators. There must also be a long-range of planning activities that covers demographics, financial options, site acquisitions, adherence to legal matters and regulations, and sometimes community partnership prospects. The outcome of which will always result to the growth of a comprehensive capital improvement program to deal with unattained facility needs.

1. Pickus, L School Facilities – OVERVIEW, MAINTENANCE AND MODERNIZATION OF. Retrieved June 16, 2009, from State University. Com Web site: a href=”http://education. stateuniversity. com/pages/2394/School-Facilities. html”>School Facilities – OVERVIEW, MAINTENANCE AND MODERNIZATION OF> 2. Castaldi, B. 1994. Educational Facilities: Planning, Modernization and Management. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. 3. Brubaker, C. 1998. Planning and Designing Schools. New York: McGraw Hill.

• The Importance of School Facilities in Improving Student Outcomes

Introduction

 A growing body of research has found that school facilities can have a profound impact on both teacher and student outcomes. With respect to teachers, school facilities affect teacher recruitment, retention, commitment, and effort. With respect to students, school facilities affect health, behavior, engagement, learning, and growth in achievement. Thus, researchers generally conclude that without adequate facilities and resources, it is extremely difficult to serve large numbers of children with complex needs.

According to the US General Accounting Office (GAO) almost three-fourths of existing US schools in 1996 was constructed before 1970. Of these schools, about one-third of schools had need of extensive repair or replacement and almost two-thirds had at least one inadequate building feature such as substandard plumbing, roofing, or electrical systems. Moreover, 58-percent had at least one unsatisfactory environmental condition such as inadequate ventilation, acoustics, or physical security.

Besides general maintenance and construction issues, researchers have found most schools lack 21st century facilities in the form of infrastructure, laboratories, and instructional space. More than half do not have sufficiently flexible instructional space for effective teaching to take place.

Thus, facility quality is an important predictor of teacher retention and student learning. The physical and emotional health of students and teachers depend on the quality of the physical location, which makes establishing safe, healthy buildings essential.

The Impact of Facilities

Improving the quality of school facilities is an expensive undertaking. However, when the positive impacts of facility improvement on teachers and students are translated into dollar figures, the rewards of such investments far outstrip the cost of the investments. There are five primary facets of school facilities: acoustics/noise, air quality, lighting, temperature, and space. These are addressed below.

Acoustics and Noise

Noise levels greatly affect teacher and student performance. In fact, excessive noise causes dis-satisfaction and stress in both teachers and students. Research has found that schools that have classrooms with less external noise are positively associated with greater student engagement and achievement compared to schools with classrooms that have noisier environments. Thus, building schools that buffer external noise from classrooms can improve student outcomes.

Air Quality

Indoor air quality is also a concern because poor air quality is a major contributor to absenteeism for students with asthma. Research also indicates that many schools suffer from “sick building syndrome” which affects the absenteeism and performance of all students. Moreover, bacteria, viruses, and allergens that contribute to childhood disease are commonly found in schools with poor ventilation systems.

Indoor pollutants are also emitted from office equipment, flooring materials, paints, adhesives, cleaning products, pesticides, and insects. All of these environmental hazards can negatively affect children, particularly in schools with poor ventilation systems.

Before the advent of cheap electricity, schools often relied on natural lighting. As electric power costs declined, the amount of artificial light used in schools increased. Research has shown that artificial lighting has negative impacts on those in schools while natural lighting has positive impacts. In fact, research has shown that not only does classroom lighting boost the morale of teachers and students, appropriate amounts of natural lighting also reduces off-task behavior and improves test scores. One study found that students with the most exposure to natural daylight progressed 20% faster in in math and 26% faster in reading than students who were taught in environments with the least amount of natural light.

Proper Temperature and Control of Temperature

One consistent research finding across individuals of all ages is that the temperature in which a person works affects engagement levels and overall productivity—including student achievement. Anyone that has worked in a classroom or office that is too hot or too cold knows how difficult it can be when trying to work when the temperature is uncomfortable. According to the best analyses, the ideal temperature range for effective learning in reading and mathematics is between 68º and 74º.

To maintain such a temperature in every classroom within a school, teachers typically need to be able to control the temperature in their own classroom. At the very least, teachers should be able to control the temperature of small blocks of classrooms that receive the same amount of sunlight and have similar exposures to outside temperatures.

Classroom Size and Space

Overcrowded classrooms—and schools—have consistently been linked to increased levels of aggression in students. Overcrowded classrooms are also associated with decreased levels of student engagement and, therefore, decreased levels of learning.

Alternatively, classrooms with ample space are more conducive to providing appropriate learning environments for students and associated with increased student engagement and learning. Classroom space is particularly relevant with the current emphasis on 21 st century learning such as ensuring students can work in teams, problem solve, and communicate effectively. Classrooms with adequate space to reconfigure seating arrangements facilitate the use of different teaching methods that are aligned to 21 st century skills. Creating private study areas as well as smaller learning centers reduces visual and auditory interruptions, and is positively related to student development and achievement.

Twenty-First Century Learning

Policymakers, educators, and business people are now focused on the need to ensure that students learn 21 st century skills such as teamwork, collaboration, effective communication, and other skills. As noted above, older buildings simply are not conducive to the teaching of 21 st century skills. This is particularly true with the respect to reconfiguring seating arrangements to facilitate various modes of teaching and learning and the use of technology in the classroom as a mode of teaching and learning.

Conclusions

A large body of research over the past century has consistently found that school facilities impact teaching and learning in profound ways. Yet state and local policymakers often overlook the impact facilities can play in improving outcomes for both teachers and students. While improving facilities comes at a financial cost, the benefits of such investments often surpass the initial fiscal costs. Policymakers, thus, should focus greater attention on the impacts of facilities and adopt a long-term cost-benefit perspective on efforts to improve school facilities.

Ayers, P.D. (1999). “Exploring the relationship between high school facilities and achievement of high school students in Georgia.” Uunpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Georgia,Athens, GA

Baron, R. A. (1972). Aggression as a function of ambient temperature and prior anger arousal. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 21 (2), 183.

Buckley, J., Schneider, M., & Shang, Y. (2004). The effects of school facility quality on teacher retention in urban school districts. Posted by the National Clearinghouse for Educational Facilities at: http://www.edfacilities.org;

Duncanson, E. (2003). Classroom space: right for adults but wrong for kids. Educational Facility Planner , 38 (1): 24-8

Fisk WJ. 2000. Estimates of potential nationwide productivity and health benefits from better indoor environments: an update. In: Indoor Air Quality Handbook , Spengler J, Samet JM, McCarthyJF, eds. New York: McGraw-Hill. pp 4.1-4.36.

General Accounting Office. (1996). School Facilities: America’s Schools Report Differing Conditions . Washington, DC: Author.

Hathaway, W.E. (1995). Effects of school lighting on physical development and school performance. The Journal of Educational Research . 88 : 228-42.

Haverinen‐Shaughnessy, U., Moschandreas, D. J., & Shaughnessy, R. J. (2011). Association between substandard classroom ventilation rates and students’ academic achievement. Indoor Air , 21 (2), 121-131.

Jones, S. E., Axelrad, R., & Wattigney, W. A. (2007). Healthy and safe school environment, part II, physical school environment: Results

from the school health policies and programs study 2006. Journal of School Health, 77 (1), 544-556.

Krüger, E. L., & Zannin, P. H. (2004). Acoustic, thermal and luminous comfort in classrooms. Building and Environment , 39 (9), 1055-1063.

Kuller, R. and Lindsten, C. (1992). Health and behavior of children in classrooms with and without windows”,Journal of Environmental Psychology, 12(3): 305-17.

McNall PE, Nevins RG. (1967). Comfort and academic achievement in an air-conditioned junior high school – a summary evaluation of the Pinellas County experiment. ASHRAE Transactions. Vol 73 (III), pp 3.1-3.17.

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American Journal of Evaluation

Essay on My School for Students and Children

500+ words essay on my school.

Education is an essential part of our lives. We are nothing without knowledge, and education is what separates us from others. The main step to acquiring education is enrolling oneself in a school. School serves as the first learning place for most of the people. Similarly, it is the first spark in receiving an education. In this essay on my school, I will tell you why I love my school and what my school has taught me.

We have all been to school and we have loved each and every moment we have spent over there as those were the building blocks of our lives. A school is a place where students are taught the fundamentals of life, as well as how to grow and survive in life. It instils in us values and principles that serve as the foundation for a child’s development.

My school is my second home where I spend most of my time. Above all, it gives me a platform to do better in life and also builds my personality. I feel blessed to study in one of the most prestigious and esteemed schools in the city. In addition, my school has a lot of assets which makes me feel fortunate to be a part of it. Let us look at the essay on my school written below.

Why I Love My School?

From kindergarten through primary and secondary school, and subsequently, to faculty, school is a place where we always study, grow, and establish ourselves, socialize, be a friend, help others, and love and be loved. School is a buddy that will accompany us from the beginning of our youth till the conclusion of our lives. At school, we share all of our pleasures and sorrows, and we constantly rely on one another. This is made possible through the friendships we share. They assist us in effortlessly overcoming difficulties, sharing moments of enjoyment together, and looking forward to new paths.

My school strikes the perfect balance between modern education and vintage architecture. The vintage buildings of my school never fail to mesmerize me with their glorious beauty. However, their vintage architecture does not mean it is outdated, as it is well-equipped with all the contemporary gadgets. I see my school as a lighthouse of education bestowing knowledge as well as ethical conduct upon us.

Teachers have the power to make or break a school. The teaching staff is regarded as the foundation of any educational society. It is their efforts to help kids learn and understand things that instil good habits and values in their students. While some concepts are simple to grasp, others necessitate the use of a skilled teacher to drive the home the idea with each pupil.

In contrast to other schools, my school does not solely focus on academic performance. In other words, it emphasizes on the overall development of their students. Along with our academics, extra-curricular activities are also organized at our school. This is one of the main reasons why I love my school as it does not measure everyone on the same scale. Our hardworking staff gives time to each child to grow at their own pace which instils confidence in them. My school has all the facilities of a library , computer room, playground, basketball court and more, to ensure we have it all at our disposal.

For me, my school is more than simply an educational institution; it is also my second family, which I established during my childhood. A family of wonderful friends, outstanding teachers, and fond school memories. I adore my school because it is where I learn how to be a good citizen and how to reach my goals. School is the only place where we make friends without judging them. We feel comfortable spending time with those close friends no matter what the situation.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

What has My School Taught Me?

If someone asked me what I have learned from my school, I won’t be able to answer it in one sentence. For the lessons are irreplaceable and I can never be thankful enough for them. I learned to share because of my school. The power of sharing and sympathy was taught to me by my school. I learned how to be considerate towards animals and it is also one of the main reasons why I adopted a pet.

School is an excellent place to learn how to be an adult before entering the real world. Those abilities pay dividends whether you choose to be the bigger person in an argument or simply complete your domestic tasks. When you open your mind to new ideas, you gain a lot of influence in society. Picking up unexpected hobbies on your own will teach you more about what you like to do than simply completing things for a grade.

A school is a place where I developed my artistic skills which were further enhanced by my teachers. Subsequently, it led me to participate in inter-school completions through which I earned various awards. Most importantly, my school taught me how to face failures with grace and never give up on my ambitions, no matter what happens.

Schools also offer a variety of extracurricular activities such as Scouts and Guides, sports, N.C.C., skating, school band, acting, dancing, singing, and so on. Our principal also used to give us a short lecture every day for about 10 minutes about etiquette, character development, moral education, respecting others, and gaining excellent values. As a result, I can claim that what I am today is solely due to my school, which is the best institution in my opinion.

Teamwork is an important ability that schools teach. Schools are frequently the first places where youngsters have the opportunity to collaborate with children who are different from them. Collaboration is essential for the team and individual success. Students are taught that the success of a team depends on each individual component functioning together.

To sum it up, studying in one of the respected schools has helped me a lot personally. I will always be indebted to my school for shaping my personality and teaching me invaluable lessons. It has given me friends for life and teachers that I will always look up to. I aspire to carry on the values imbibed by my school to do well in life and make it proud.

Here is the list of Top Schools in India! Does Your School Tops the List?

FAQs on School

Q.1 Why must every child go to school?

A.1 It is essential for every child to go to school as the school teaches us lessons that cannot be acquired anywhere else. The experience is one a kind and along with education, we learn many other things like socializing, extra-curricular activities and more.

Q.2 What does school teach us?

A.2 School teaches us some of the great things like first of all, it gives us basic education. It teaches us to develop our skills like art, dance, public speaking and more. Most importantly, it teaches us discipline.

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Exciting news! FloWater is now part of Bluewater !

How To Improve School Facilities For Students

Education isn’t the only thing that needs to be regularly improved upon in schools. Classroom safety does too. Though classroom cleanliness has always been a main topic of conversation among school administrators, with the Covid-19 pandemic, the focus on maintenance and new sanitization protocols have gained greater steam. 

Maintaining and modernizing building facilities is an ongoing challenge that must always be at the forefront of any school agenda. Part of learning how to improve school facilities involves evaluating innovative technologies that can meet the needs of what students and faculty members require in the present day. Whether it be facilities for student athlete wellness , school lunches, or classroom learning, understanding how to maintain good health for students by means of school facilities and other school programs is important for positive student performance. 

Whether it’s receiving aid from the government or local school districts to improve public school facilities, asking community members for facilities funding, or taking on small school construction projects with the help of parent volunteers, improving school facilities for students is crucial to their performance and school safety. When students are taken care of, student engagement and academic performance can improve.

Here are six ways administrators can improve school facilities to uphold safety and sanitation standards, while also providing everyone with an enjoyable learning environment. 

1. Improve Indoor Air Quality

Air quality and ventilation are important parts of creating a clean and safe environment for students. As part of the Centers for Disease and Control (CDC) guidelines for cleaning and maintaining healthy facilities, air ventilation tops the list. Proper ventilation systems help minimize airborne virus particles while also providing fresh air circulation to help students stay alert and focused when in class. 

Providing clean air is one of the first steps administrators take when making building improvements. Recommended ways for how to improve school facilities include: 

• Increasing circulation of outdoor air when possible
• Ensuring HVAC settings are set to maximize ventilation
• Cleaning and/or changing air filters regularly
• Confirming kitchen and restroom exhaust fans are working at optimal levels 1

Many administrators are also considering updating their building’s heating and air-conditioning systems to modernized systems. The new technology provides better ventilation and climate control, while also maintaining eco-friendly best practices. Additionally, the use of high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) fans and filtration systems are part of system updates to enhance air cleaning. 2

2. Modernize Temperature Control

Temperature control is another area of improvement administrators can focus on. It ensures each area of the building is set to a comfortable temperature while also reducing energy consumption. Smart technology has made it easier to regulate temperature control appropriate for the environment without having to monitor it classroom by classroom. Furthermore, new heating and air-conditioning units also make less noise and are less disruptive than older thermostats and technology. 

Analysis shows the ideal temperature range is between 68 and 74 degrees, although this varies depending on season and region. 3 However, it’s a good benchmark to use to help students stay focused. When temperatures are too hot or too cold, it makes it difficult to concentrate. It can also lead to mood changes due to increased discomfort which can also affect a student’s ability and willingness to learn.

3. Update Classroom Design

Classroom design has also changed dramatically over the past couple of years due to the pandemic. Considering the germiest places in school , increased space between seating, use of plastic barriers, and hand-sanitizing stations have all been implemented as part of protecting against the spread of Covid-19. Overcrowded classrooms may be a thing of the past as schools are planning to increase space in classrooms.

Generally speaking, though, classroom setups should promote student learning with multi-purpose areas that can support varying classroom needs. This includes installing the appropriate furniture, such as desks, tables, and cabinets, and providing the room with plenty of ventilation. Classroom design also includes compliance with ADA regulations and making adjustments to aid students still learning remotely from home.

4. Increase Use of Technology

Technology has changed rapidly, especially over the past decade. Students now have access to tablets and laptops they can check out of their school for the year and use for their personal use at home. Technology has allowed for increased communication and opened up doors for new ways of learning i.e. Zoom classes to help support student achievement academically during these unprecedented times. 

Though increased use of technology greatly improves the functionality of school facilities, it must be evaluated on a regular basis. Administrators must provide equal accessibility among students with thorough training and adaptability to any new systems. Whether it’s for classroom learning purposes, the investment in technology for an educational institution must continuously be beneficial for all.

5. Focus on Eco-Friendly Updates

Making eco-friendly adjustments are also part of how to improve school buildings for students. Finding ways to save energy and follow sustainable practices at school are a key value for students today. Switching to eco-friendly equipment and sustainable protocols continues to be a way schools are changing their facilities for the better. 

One of the biggest ways schools can improve their carbon footprint is by eliminating the use of plastic water bottles. It limits the amount of plastic waste on campus, as well as reduces the amount of waste that ends up in city landfills. In addition to switching to plastic-free alternatives when available, administrators should also install recycling bins around the building. 

6. Repair or Replace Infrastructure

Replacing or even repairing a school’s infrastructure is costly, which is often why it gets put on the backburner when budget discussions arise. However, the cost of not repairing or replacing it can do more damage and be more expensive in the long run. 

Older school buildings with outdated pipes can leach chemicals, including lead, into the water, which can be harmful to students and staff. Just as it is crucial to remove any form of lead in school drinking water , it’s also important to regularly check for deterioration and keep a record of when updates were last made. Scheduling repairs and regular maintenance also gives administrators an opportunity to use more sustainable materials and decide where to prioritize the maintenance budget in the future.

Ways FloWater Helps Administrators Meet Facility Improvement Demands

The FloWater Touchless Water Dispenser provides school administrators an effective solution to help with all areas of school facility improvement. From the use of eco-friendly technology to dispensing purified water in a contactless way, the Refill Station is a smart investment that offers immediate benefits. Here’s how it helps:

Improves Utility Quality

In addition to air quality, water quality is equally important for student well-being. FloWater immediately elevates the quality of water found in schools. It transforms tap water via an advanced seven-stage filtration and purification process. The result is cool, crisp water free of up to 99% of all contaminants, pollutants, and chemicals. The water is first purified, improvements are added, and then the final filter provides the refreshing finish. The fresh crisp water from our systems can also provide fundraising opportunities in the form of a water bottle fundraiser .

• Purify. In this initial stage, the water is passed through separate filters: Sediment, Carbon, and Advanced Osmosis. The Sediment filter catches and removes dirt, dust, and other solid impurities found in tap water and pipes. The Carbon filter takes care of the smaller particles, as well any unpleasant odors and tastes. And finally, the Advanced Osmosis filter removes the smallest contaminants like viruses, bacteria, pesticides, and other pollutants that affect tap water.
• Improve. After contaminants are filtered out, it’s time to replace some of the minerals that were removed as well. The fourth step is the Activated Oxygen stage which naturally sanitizes the internal tanks and removes impurities. The fifth and sixth steps are the alkaline and electrolytes enhancements. This is where minerals and electrolytes are added back into the water to neutralize acidity in the body and support healthy body functions.  
• Finish . Finally, the water is passed through a Coconut Carbon filter made of real coconut husks. It absorbs any lingering contaminants, odors, or tastes to deliver crisp, clean water every time.

Regulates Temperature Control

Delivering cool, crisp water with a delicious taste encourages students to stay hydrated. As modern technology auto-regulates the most comfortable temperature, the FloWater Refill Station automatically chills water to an optimal drinking temperature of 42° every time water is dispensed. Everyone gets the same quality experience whether they’re the first person to fill up for the day or the last. 

Innovative Design

The slim design of the Touchless Water Dispenser fits in nicely in any hallway, classroom, cafeteria, or any other high-traffic area when fresh water is needed. The system auto-replenishes and holds seven gallons of purified water at all times. Plus, there’s little to no maintenance required. The internal drain system and powerful drain pump prevent standing water from breeding germs and mold. A hidden catchment tray helps prevent dirt or debris from clogging the drain. There’s also a one-touch refill button and an added foot pedal option that makes the water dispenser a contactless experience to further minimize the spread of germs.

Eco-Friendly Features

The Touchless Water Dispenser is also eco-friendly with energy-saving features, including sleep mode, to keep the system running at low operation costs. It also eliminates the need for single-use plastic bottles. Meanwhile, since the dispensing area holds any water container size, students require fewer fill-ups throughout the day to stay hydrated during classes and sports activities.

Updated School Infrastructure

Set up is handled by one of FloWater’s certified technicians with a customer support team available should there be any problems or questions about the system. Additionally, the majority of customers only require filter changes once a year, saving on costs and scheduling for updates. Furthermore, the Touchless Water Dispenser meets ADA compliance to be used and enjoyed by all.

Essentially, the FloWater Touchless Water Dispenser helps administrators improve their schools’ facilities, addressing several needs at one time. It’s an optimal solution that instantly benefits everyone. Keeping students hydrated is a top priority, and the water dispenser gives equal accessibility in a way that is simple to use and maintain.

When excellent school leaders take care of their students through improved school safety and student health initiatives, academic performance, academic achievement, and student performance will only increase. 

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . Operational Strategy for K-12 Schools through Phased Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/community/schools-childcare/operation-strategy.html
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Ventilation in Buildings. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/community/ventilation.html
• Penn State. The Importance of School Facilities in Student Outcomes. https://sites.psu.edu/ceepa/2015/06/07/the-importance-of-school-facilities-in-improving-student-outcomes/
• Teach for America. School Buildings Were in Trouble Even Before Covid-19. https://www.teachforamerica.org/one-day/policy-and-advocacy/school-buildings-were-in-trouble-even-before-covid-19

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The Ritz-Carlton, Moscow offers comfortable accommodation in 334 guestrooms and suites of different categories. Every guestroom is equipped with Frette linens and the Ritz-Carlton signature featherbeds, electronic fingertip panels for controlling lighting and curtains, fully stocked honor bar, CD/DVD player, high-speed Internet access, computer and fax hook-up and data-port, multi-line telephones with voicemail and cordless telephones and safe with power outlet for laptops. The marble bathrooms feature lighted makeup mirror, hair dryer, scale, plush terry robes and Bulgari bath essentials.

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Home — Essay Samples — Geography & Travel — Travel and Tourism Industry — The History of Moscow City

The History of Moscow City

• Categories: Russia Travel and Tourism Industry

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Published: Feb 12, 2019

Words: 614 | Page: 1 | 4 min read

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Moscow, like other international urban areas , is decentralizing, despite considerable barriers. The expansion will lead to even more decentralization, which is likely to lead to less time "stuck in traffic" and more comfortable lifestyles. Let's hope that Russia's urban development policies, along with its plans to restore population growth, will lead to higher household incomes and much improved economic performance.

Wendell Cox is a Visiting Professor, Conservatoire National des Arts et Metiers, Paris and the author of “ War on the Dream: How Anti-Sprawl Policy Threatens the Quality of Life ”

Note 1: The 23 ward (ku) area of Tokyo is the geography of the former city of Tokyo, which was abolished in the 1940s. There is considerable confusion about the geography of Tokyo. For example, the 23 ward area is a part of the prefecture of Tokyo, which is also called the Tokyo Metropolis, which has led some analysts to think of it as the Tokyo metropolitan area (labor market area). In fact, the Tokyo metropolitan area, variously defined, includes, at a minimum the prefectures of Tokyo, Kanagawa, Chiba and Saitama with some municipalities in Gunma, Ibaraki and Tochigi. The metropolitan area contains nearly three times the population of the "Tokyo Metropolis."

Note 2: The expansion area (556 square miles or 1,440 square kilometers) has a current population of 250,000.

Note 3: Includes all residents in suburban districts with at least part of their population in the urban area.

Note 4: Urban area data not yet available.

Photo: St. Basil's Cathedral (all photos by author)

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Road in city area.

The roads and ways of the city areas are very clumsy and many accidents are happening due to the short road. But you need to maintain the driving properly otherwise you may face accident. So now the government decided to expand the road which may put the positive effect on automobile sector. I think it is a helpful service for the society people. If you have a BMW car and you have faced any problem then better to repair it at BMW Repair Spring, TX for the best service.

Transit & transportation

Transit and transportation services are quite impressive in most of the urban cities; therefore people were getting better benefits from suitable transportation service. Urban cities like Moscow, Washington, New York and Tokyo; we have found high margin of transportation system that helps to build a better communication network in these cities. I hope through the help of modern transportation system we are able to bring revolutionary change in automobile industries; in this above article we have also found the same concepts to develop transportation system. Mercedes repair in Torrance

Moscow is bursting Noblesse

Moscow is bursting Noblesse at the seams. The core city covers more than 420 square miles (1,090 kilometers), and has a population of approximately 11.5 million people. With 27,300 residents per square mile (10,500 per square kilometer), Moscow is one percent more dense than the bleach anime watch city of New York, though Moscow covers 30 percent more land. The 23 ward area of Tokyo (see Note) is at least a third more dense, though Moscow's land area is at least half again as large as Tokyo. All three core areas rely

Belgravia Villas is a new

Belgravia Villas is a new and upcoming cluster housing located in the Ang Mo Kio area, nested right in the Ang Mo Kio landed area. It is within a short drive to Little India, Orchard and city area. With expected completion in mid 2016, it comprises of 118 units in total with 100 units of terrace and 18 units of Semi-D. belgravia villas

Russians seeing the light while Western elites are bickering?

What an extremely interesting analysis - well done, Wendell.

It is also extremely interesting that the Russian leadership is reasonably pragmatic about urban form, in contrast to the "planners" of the post-rational West.

An acquaintance recently sent me an article from "The New Yorker", re Moscow's traffic problems.

The article "abstract" is HERE (but access to the full article requires subscription)

http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2010/08/02/100802fa_fact_gessen

One classic quote worth taking from it, is: "People will endure all manner of humiliation to keep driving".

I do find it odd that the "New Yorker" article author says nothing at all about the rail transit system Moscow had, on which everyone was obliged to travel, under Communism. It can't surely have vaporised into thin air?

Moscow is a classic illustration of just how outmoded rails are, and how important "automobility" is, when the auto supplants rails so rapidly than even when everybody did travel on rails up to a certain date, and the road network dates to that era, when nobody was allowed to own a car; an article written just 2 decades later does not even mention the rail transit system, other than to criticise the mayor for "failing to invest in a transit system".......!!!!!!!!

This is also a give-away of "The New Yorker's" inability to shake off the modern PC ideology on rails vs cars.

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