bipolar disorder argumentative essay

Treatment, Symptoms, and Prevention of Bipolar Disorder Essay

Introduction.

Bipolar disorder is a mental disorder that is manifested by drastic mood changes — bipolar manifests in two main extremes, namely depression, and mania (Peacock, 2000). Depression manifests when an individual feels tired and sad. On the other hand, mania manifests when an individual experiences periods of extreme excitement and restlessness. Symptoms of bipolar depend on the extreme that individual experiences at a certain period.

In many cases, an individual is diagnosed with clinical depression and later with bipolar. During an episode of depression, individuals experience feelings that include hopelessness, extreme sadness, worthlessness, lethargy, and irritability (Peacock, 2000). In severe cases, an individual might contemplate suicide. On the other hand, episodes of mania are characterized by feelings of happiness, joy, irritability, and extreme creativity.

Prevalence and incidence

According to the World Health Organization, more than 10 million individuals have bipolar in the United States (Peacock, 2000). The disorder is a leading cause of disability in the world. It has a lifetime prevalence of approximately 3% around the globe. Statistics have revealed that more than 0.8% of the American population experiences at least a manic episode at one time in their life.

On the other hand, 0.5% of the population experiences a hypomanic episode. 6.4% of the American population has been shown to have bipolar spectrum disorder (Peacock, 2000). Studies have revealed that the incidence of bipolar disorder among men and women is the same. The incidence rate is similar across people of different origins and ethnic backgrounds.

However, its severity varies across the world. In the U.S., the rate of incidence is higher among African Americans than among Americans of European descent (Peacock, 2000). The disorder affects people mainly in their adolescence and early adulthood years. In many cases, individuals with experienced bipolar episodes of mania after the age of fifty.

Symptoms of bipolar disorder depend on the mood that an individual experiences at a certain period. Individuals experience extreme mood changes that affect their behaviors and thinking patterns. Mania is characterized by over-excitement, while depression is characterized by extreme sadness.

During episodes of depression, individuals experience feelings of sadness, hopelessness, worthlessness, and loss of interest in activities they previously enjoyed, such as sex and social interaction (Fink & Kraynak, 2012). Their thinking is predominantly negative, and they rarely see the positive aspects of their lives. Their behavior also changes. They are restless, irritable, indecisive, and insomniac. Moreover, they experience problems with concentration and memory (Peacock, 2000).

Symptoms of mania

Symptoms of mania include hyperactivity, high quantities of energy, extreme irritability, impulsive behavior, restlessness, risk-taking, extreme happiness, and excitement, as well as unrealistic belief in personal capabilities (Fink & Kraynak, 2012).

Hypomania is a less severe form of mania that is characterized by moderate productivity and happiness. In other cases, both episodes of depression and mania might manifest at the same time. During such episodes, individuals become insomniac, agitated, and may harbor sundial thoughts (Fink & Kraynak, 2012).

Treatment of bipolar disorder includes us of both medication and therapy (Miklowitz, 2011). Bipolar is a disorder that affects individuals for the rest of their lives. Therefore, combining medication with therapy lowers the prevalence of the various mood changes associated with the disorder (Fink & Kraynak, 2012).

The recurrence of a maniac and depressive episodes makes life difficult for victims. Successful treatment of bipolar disorder involves the use of different treatment remedies. According to studies, medication alone is not enough to treat bipolar disorder effectively. One of the most important aspects of bipolar treatment is education and awareness about causes and ways of management.

Victims should read extensively about the disorder, join support groups, and make lifestyle changes that enable them to manage their symptoms (Ketter, 2007). The most common treatment methods for bipolar include medication, psychotherapy, education, lifestyle changes, and support. Drugs such as mood stabilizers aid in the minimization of symptoms. The most common and most effective mood stabilizer used to treat bipolar is lithium (Ketter, 2007).

Antidepressants such as Prozac and Amitriptyline are also used. Antipsychotic medications include Ariplazole, Quetiapine, Risperidone, and Clozapine (Ketter, 2007). Other drugs used together with mood stabilizers include Lamictal, Symbax, Zyprexa, and Seroquel. Psychotherapy teaches individuals different ways of coping with difficult times and different mood changes (Fink & Kraynak, 2012). Types of therapy available to individuals include cognitive-behavioral therapy and family-focused therapy (Ketter, 2007).

Education involves understanding the various symptoms of bipolar and their management. Finally, support involves interacting with individuals with the disorder for moral, emotional, and psychological support. Support groups facilitate the sharing of experiences that could be helpful to other individuals with similar challenges (Ketter, 2007). Complementary treatments include acupuncture, deep meditation, as well as light and dark therapy.

Prevention of a bipolar disorder

To prevent bipolar disorder, it is important to learn about it to control mood changes and other symptoms. It is also important to practice lifestyle management. Lifestyle management involves changes such as alcohol avoidance, practicing meditation, physical exercise, and thinking positively (Miklowitz, 2011).

Prevention of bipolar disorder mainly focuses on stress reduction. High levels of stress increase the risk of developing bipolar for genetically susceptible individuals. Stress reduction can be achieved through regular physical exercise and participating in relaxation methods such as meditation and yoga (Ketter, 2007).

Risk factors

Bipolar disorder’s risk factors include genetics, lifestyle, alcohol and drug abuse, high-stress levels, environment, and major life changes. Research has revealed that bipolar disorder has a basis in the genes of individuals. Therefore, the risk is very high for individuals who come from families with a history of the disorder. Research has shown that children from families in which one or both the parents have the disorder have a high risk of developing the disorder (Fink & Kraynak, 2012).

Major life changes such loss of a loved one, sexual abuse, or traumatic events such as accidents increase the risk of developing the disorder. Individuals who undergo prolonged periods of stress are also at high risk of developing the disorder (Fink & Kraynak, 2012). Medical practitioners recommend physical exercise and meditation as two of the most effective methods of reducing stress. Alcohol and drug abuse also increase the risk of developing the disorder.

Environment plays a critical role in the development o bipolar disorder. For instance, children who grow in abusive and violent families have a very high risk of developing bipolar (Miklowitz, 2011). Stressful environments play a key role in triggering depressive episodes that herald the development of bipolar.

Diagnosis is carried out through evaluation by a medical professional following diagnosis guidelines as provided in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental disorder (DSM) (Fink & Kraynak, 2012). Successful diagnosis is mainly based on the observation of major changes in mood patterns and behavior. After a successful diagnosis, a patient is given medication based on past medical history and the severity of the condition.

Bipolar disorder is a mental disorder that is characterized by extreme mood changes that range from mania to depression. Risk factors include lifestyle, genetics, environment, drug and alcohol abuse, and major life changes such as death or abuse. Symptoms depend on the type of mod. Symptoms observed during the mania phase include hyperactivity, risk-taking, restlessness, and unrealistic belief in one’s capabilities.

During the depression phase, symptoms include insomnia, poor concentration, lack of appetite, loss of interest in activities that were once enjoyable, and feelings of hopelessness as well as helplessness. In severe cases, individuals contemplate suicide. Effective treatment involves the use of both drugs and psychotherapy. Drugs used include mood stabilizers, antidepressants, and psychotic medication.

Forms of therapy applied to include cognitive-behavioral therapy, family-centered therapy, as well as interpersonal and social rhythm therapy. Prevention involves participation in physical exercise and stress reduction activities such as meditation and yoga. According to the World Health Organization, more than 10 million individuals have bipolar in the United States.

On the other hand, 3% of the world’s population suffers from the disorder. Research has revealed that bipolar disorder has a basis in the genes of individuals. Therefore, the risk is very high for individuals who come from families with a history of the disorder. Research has shown that children from families in which one or both the parents have the disorder have a high risk of developing the disorder.

Fink, C., & Kraynak, J. (2012). Bipolar Disorder for Dummies . New York: John Wiley & sons.

Ketter, T. (2007). Advances in Treatment of Bipolar Disorder . New York: American Psychiatric Publishers.

Miklowitz, D. J. (2011). The Bipolar Disorder Survival Guide, Second Edition: What You and your Family Need to Know . New York: Gilford Press.

Peacock, J. (2000). Bipolar Disorder . New York: Capstone.

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Understanding Bipolar Disorder: An In-Depth Essay

Imagine living in a world where emotions oscillate between exhilarating highs and crippling lows. Where one moment, you feel invincible, and the next, you are engulfed in a darkness so profound it seems suffocating. Welcome to the complex and enigmatic realm of bipolar disorder.

At some point in our lives, we all experience fluctuations in our moods. However, for individuals with bipolar disorder, these mood swings are extreme, unpredictable, and can have devastating consequences. It is a mental health condition that possesses the power to disrupt lives, strain relationships, and challenge society’s understanding.

In this in-depth essay, we will delve into the intricate facets of bipolar disorder, unraveling its definition, prevalence, and impact. We will explore the different types of the disorder and investigate the causes and risk factors that contribute to its development.

Furthermore, we will examine the symptoms associated with bipolar disorder and the diagnostic criteria used to identify it. We will highlight the challenges faced by individuals with bipolar disorder and the effects this condition can have on personal relationships. Additionally, we will confront the societal stigma and misunderstandings that permeate the public’s perception of bipolar disorder.

Treatment and management play a critical role in the lives of those with bipolar disorder, and we will explore the medication options, therapeutic approaches, and lifestyle changes that can provide support and stability.

To navigate such a vast and complex topic, it is important to understand how to approach writing an essay on bipolar disorder. We will discuss strategies for choosing a focus, structuring your essay, addressing controversial topics, and providing reliable sources.

This essay aims to shed light on the intricacies of bipolar disorder, debunk myths, and promote understanding and empathy. By gaining knowledge and insights into this often-misunderstood condition, we can facilitate a more inclusive and compassionate society. Join us on this journey of discovery as we strive to comprehend the multifaceted nature of bipolar disorder.

Overview of Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar disorder, also known as manic-depressive illness, is a chronic mental health condition that affects a person’s mood, energy levels, and ability to function effectively. It is characterized by extreme shifts in mood, ranging from manic episodes, where individuals experience heightened euphoria and energy, to depressive episodes, where they feel overwhelming sadness, hopelessness, and a lack of interest in activities.

What is Bipolar Disorder?

Bipolar disorder is a complex condition that involves various biological, genetic, and environmental factors. It affects approximately 2.8% of U.S. adults, according to the National Institute of Mental Health. The onset of bipolar disorder usually occurs in late adolescence or early adulthood, although it can manifest at any age.

During manic episodes, individuals may exhibit symptoms such as increased talkativeness, racing thoughts, impulsivity, inflated self-esteem, and a decreased need for sleep. They may engage in risky behaviors, such as excessive spending or substance abuse. On the other hand, depressive episodes are characterized by symptoms like persistent sadness, fatigue, sleep disturbances, difficulty concentrating, and thoughts of death or suicide.

Types of Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar disorder is further categorized into several subtypes:

1. Bipolar I Disorder: This is the most severe form of the illness, involving manic episodes lasting for at least seven days or requiring hospitalization. Depressive episodes lasting for two weeks or more often accompany these manic episodes.

2. Bipolar II Disorder: In this type, individuals experience recurring depressive episodes but have hypomanic episodes that are less severe than full-blown mania. These hypomanic episodes do not usually lead to significant impairment in functioning.

3. Cyclothymic Disorder: Cyclothymic disorder is a milder form of bipolar disorder where individuals have frequent, but less intense, mood swings. They experience hypomanic symptoms and depressive symptoms that persist for at least two years, with brief periods of stability.

Causes and Risk Factors

The exact cause of bipolar disorder is not fully understood. However, research suggests that a combination of genetic, biological, and environmental factors contribute to its development. Individuals with a family history of bipolar disorder or other mood disorders are at a higher risk.

Other factors that may influence the development of bipolar disorder include abnormal brain structure and function, neurotransmitter imbalances, hormonal imbalances, and high levels of stress. Substance abuse or traumatic experiences may also trigger the onset or exacerbation of symptoms.

Understanding the different types of bipolar disorder and the contributing factors can help demystify this complex condition. By recognizing the signs and seeking appropriate diagnosis and treatment, individuals with bipolar disorder can lead fulfilling lives and manage their symptoms effectively.

Symptoms and Diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar disorder is a complex mental health condition characterized by distinct symptoms that significantly impact an individual’s daily life. Accurate diagnosis of bipolar disorder is crucial to ensure appropriate treatment and support. In this section, we will explore common symptoms of bipolar disorder, the diagnostic criteria used for its identification, and how it is distinguished from other mental health conditions.

Common Symptoms of Bipolar Disorder

The symptoms of bipolar disorder can vary depending on the specific episode and its severity. During manic episodes, individuals often experience an intense euphoria, increased energy levels, and a heightened sense of self-esteem. They may engage in risky behavior, such as excessive spending or engaging in dangerous activities. Rapid speech, racing thoughts, and impulsivity are also commonly observed.

Conversely, depressive episodes are characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a loss of interest in previously enjoyed activities. Individuals may experience changes in appetite and sleep patterns, difficulties concentrating, and thoughts of self-harm or suicide. Fatigue, a lack of motivation, and a general feeling of emptiness are also common symptoms.

Diagnostic Criteria for Bipolar Disorder

To diagnose bipolar disorder, healthcare professionals refer to the criteria outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). According to the DSM-5, the presence of manic, hypomanic, and depressive episodes is necessary for a bipolar disorder diagnosis.

For a diagnosis of bipolar I disorder, an individual must have experienced at least one manic episode, lasting for a minimum of seven days or requiring immediate hospitalization. Depressive episodes may or may not occur alongside the manic episodes.

In bipolar II disorder, individuals experience at least one major depressive episode and at least one hypomanic episode, which is characterized by milder manic symptoms that do not cause significant impairment in functioning.

Cyclothymic disorder, a milder form of bipolar disorder, is diagnosed when an individual experiences numerous periods of hypomanic symptoms and depressive symptoms over a two-year period.

Distinguishing Bipolar Disorder from other Mental Health Conditions

Differentiating bipolar disorder from other mental health conditions can be challenging due to overlapping symptoms. Depression alone, for example, may resemble the depressive episodes experienced by individuals with bipolar disorder. However, bipolar disorder is distinguished by the presence of manic or hypomanic episodes, which are not present in unipolar depression.

Other conditions such as borderline personality disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may exhibit symptoms similar to bipolar disorder, further complicating the diagnostic process. Thorough evaluation by a mental health professional is essential to accurately differentiate bipolar disorder from other conditions and develop an appropriate treatment plan.

Understanding the symptoms and diagnostic criteria of bipolar disorder helps in early identification and intervention, leading to improved outcomes for individuals living with this complex condition. Seeking professional help and support is crucial for accurate diagnosis and developing an effective management plan to mitigate the impact of bipolar disorder on daily life.

Impact of Bipolar Disorder on Individuals and Society

Bipolar disorder not only affects the lives of individuals diagnosed with the condition but also has a significant impact on their personal relationships, daily functioning, and society as a whole. In this section, we will explore the effects of bipolar disorder on personal relationships, the challenges faced by individuals with the condition, and societal stigma and misunderstandings surrounding bipolar disorder.

Effects of Bipolar Disorder on Personal Relationships

Living with bipolar disorder can strain personal relationships. The extreme mood swings, impulsivity, and erratic behavior exhibited during manic episodes can be confusing and distressing for partners, family members, and friends. Loved ones may struggle to understand the sudden changes in mood and energy levels, leading to strained communication and emotional instability within the relationship.

During depressive episodes, individuals with bipolar disorder may withdraw from social interactions, isolate themselves, and have difficulty expressing their needs and emotions. This can result in feelings of loneliness and isolation, further impacting the dynamics of personal relationships.

Challenges Faced by Individuals with Bipolar Disorder

Individuals with bipolar disorder face numerous challenges that affect their daily lives. The unpredictability of mood swings can make it difficult to maintain stable employment or pursue educational goals. Managing relationships, parenting responsibilities, and financial stability may also become more challenging due to the episodic nature of the condition.

Additionally, the presence of comorbid conditions, such as anxiety disorders or substance abuse, further compounds the difficulties faced by individuals with bipolar disorder. The stigma associated with mental illness may also create barriers in accessing proper treatment and support, exacerbating the challenges they encounter.

Societal Stigma and Misunderstandings

Despite growing awareness and understanding of mental health, societal stigma and misunderstandings surrounding bipolar disorder still persist. Many people hold misconceptions that individuals with bipolar disorder are simply “moody” or “unstable.” Such stigmatization can lead to social exclusion, discrimination, and a reluctance to seek help.

Moreover, the portrayal of bipolar disorder in popular culture and media often exaggerates the extreme behaviors associated with the condition, further perpetuating misconceptions and reinforcing stereotypes. This portrayal not only contributes to societal misunderstandings but also hinders individuals with bipolar disorder from openly discussing their experiences and seeking support.

Reducing stigma and promoting understanding are crucial steps towards creating a compassionate society that supports individuals with bipolar disorder. Educating the public about the true nature of bipolar disorder, highlighting the strengths and resilience of individuals living with the condition, and providing resources for support and education can help combat these misconceptions.

By acknowledging the impact of bipolar disorder on personal relationships, understanding the challenges faced by individuals with the condition, and challenging societal stigma, we can foster an environment that promotes empathy, acceptance, and support for those affected by bipolar disorder.

Treatment and Management of Bipolar Disorder

Effective management of bipolar disorder is essential for individuals to lead stable and fulfilling lives. Treatment typically involves a combination of medication, therapeutic approaches, and lifestyle changes. In this section, we will explore the different options available for treating bipolar disorder.

Medication Options for Bipolar Disorder

Medication plays a crucial role in managing bipolar disorder and stabilizing mood swings. Mood-stabilizing medications are commonly prescribed, such as lithium, which has proven efficacy in reducing the frequency and severity of manic and depressive episodes. Other mood stabilizers, such as valproate or lamotrigine, may also be prescribed.

Antipsychotic medications can be used to manage acute manic or depressive symptoms. They help regulate neurotransmitters in the brain, reducing the intensity of mood episodes. Antidepressant medications may be prescribed cautiously in combination with mood stabilizers to address depressive symptoms, considering the risk of triggering manic episodes.

It is important for individuals to work closely with healthcare professionals to find the most suitable medication regimen, as each individual’s response to medication varies. Regular monitoring and adjustments may be necessary to achieve optimal symptom management.

Therapeutic Approaches for Bipolar Disorder

Therapeutic interventions, such as psychotherapy, play an integral role in the treatment of bipolar disorder. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) can help individuals identify and modify negative thought patterns and behaviors associated with the disorder. Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy (IPSRT) focuses on stabilizing daily routines and addressing interpersonal issues that may trigger mood episodes.

Family-focused therapy involves educating and involving family members in the treatment process, enhancing communication, and providing support to both the individual with bipolar disorder and their loved ones. For those experiencing difficulties with medication adherence, psychoeducation can be beneficial in promoting understanding about the disorder and the importance of treatment.

Lifestyle Changes to Support Mental Health

In addition to medication and therapy, adopting certain lifestyle changes can be beneficial in managing bipolar disorder. Regular exercise has been shown to improve overall mood, reduce stress, and promote better sleep patterns. A balanced and nutritious diet can also contribute to physical and mental well-being.

Establishing a consistent sleep schedule is crucial, as disrupted sleep patterns can trigger mood episodes. Practicing good sleep hygiene, such as creating a calming bedtime routine and maintaining a comfortable sleep environment, is recommended.

Avoiding or minimizing the use of alcohol and recreational drugs is important, as these substances can negatively interact with medication and exacerbate mood symptoms. Building a strong support system, including seeking support from support groups or engaging in individual counseling, can provide valuable emotional support.

While bipolar disorder presents unique challenges, it is a treatable condition. By finding the right combination of medication, therapeutic approaches, and lifestyle changes, individuals with bipolar disorder can stabilize their moods, reduce the severity and frequency of episodes, and lead fulfilling lives. A comprehensive treatment approach that addresses the complex biological, psychological, and social aspects of the disorder is key to managing and mitigating the impact of bipolar disorder on daily functioning. Collaborating with healthcare professionals and accessing necessary support systems are vital steps towards successful management of this condition.

Writing an Essay on Bipolar Disorder

Writing an essay on bipolar disorder allows for a deeper exploration of this complex topic. However, it is important to approach the subject with sensitivity, accuracy, and a focus on providing valuable information. In this section, we will discuss key considerations when writing an essay on bipolar disorder.

Choosing a Focus for the Essay

Bipolar disorder encompasses a wide range of topics, so it is essential to narrow down your focus based on your interests and the scope of your essay. Consider exploring specific aspects of bipolar disorder, such as its impact on creativity, the relationship between bipolar disorder and substance abuse, or the experiences of individuals living with bipolar disorder.

Structuring the Essay

Organizing your essay in a logical manner is crucial for conveying information effectively. Consider using the introduction to provide an overview of bipolar disorder and set the context for the essay. Each subsequent section can delve deeper into specific aspects, such as symptoms, diagnosis, impact on relationships, treatment options, and societal understanding. Conclude your essay by summarizing key points and highlighting the significance of promoting awareness and support for individuals with bipolar disorder.

Addressing Controversial Topics

Bipolar disorder is a complex and multifaceted subject that may touch upon controversial areas. When discussing topics such as medication use, alternative therapies, or the link between creativity and bipolar disorder, it is important to present balanced viewpoints supported by credible sources. Acknowledge differing perspectives and engage in evidence-based discussions while considering potential biases or limitations in existing research.

Providing Reliable Sources

To ensure the credibility and accuracy of your essay, consult reputable sources that provide evidence-based information on bipolar disorder. Peer-reviewed academic journals, government health websites, and renowned mental health organizations are reliable sources of information. Remember to properly cite your sources using a recognized citation style, such as APA or MLA, to give credit to the original authors and avoid plagiarism.

Writing an essay on bipolar disorder provides an opportunity to educate and inform readers about this complex condition. By selecting a focused topic, structuring your essay logically, addressing controversies with balanced viewpoints, and using reliable sources, you can create an informative and compelling piece that contributes to understanding and promoting empathy for those with bipolar disorder. It is imperative to approach the topic with sensitivity and respect, recognizing the impact it has on individuals, their relationships, and society as a whole.In conclusion, bipolar disorder is a complex and multifaceted mental health condition that significantly impacts individuals and society as a whole. This in-depth essay has provided a comprehensive understanding of bipolar disorder, covering various aspects such as its definition, prevalence, and impact on personal relationships. We explored the different types of bipolar disorder and the causes and risk factors associated with its development.

Furthermore, we delved into the symptoms and diagnostic criteria used for identifying bipolar disorder while highlighting the importance of distinguishing it from other mental health conditions. The essay also shed light on the challenges faced by individuals with bipolar disorder, including the strain on personal relationships and the societal stigma surrounding the condition.

The treatment and management of bipolar disorder were extensively discussed, emphasizing the significance of medication options, therapeutic approaches, and lifestyle changes to support mental health. By adopting a comprehensive treatment approach, individuals with bipolar disorder can stabilize their moods and lead fulfilling lives.

Moreover, this essay provided insights into writing an essay on bipolar disorder, guiding readers on choosing a focus, structuring the essay effectively, addressing controversial topics, and providing reliable sources. By following these principles, writers can effectively promote awareness and understanding of bipolar disorder.

It is crucial to recognize the impact of bipolar disorder and combat societal misunderstandings and stigmas. By fostering empathy, educating the public, and providing support systems, we can create an inclusive and compassionate society that supports and empowers individuals living with bipolar disorder.

In conclusion, understanding bipolar disorder is integral to promoting mental health and fostering a more informed and accepting society. By spreading knowledge, reducing stigma, and advocating for appropriate support and resources, we can work towards creating a world where individuals with bipolar disorder can lead fulfilling and meaningful lives.

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The challenges of living with bipolar disorder: a qualitative study of the implications for health care and research

Eva f. maassen.

1 Athena Institute, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Boelelaan 1085, 1081HV Amsterdam, Netherlands

2 Altrecht Institute for Mental Health Care, Nieuwe Houtenseweg 12, 3524 SH Utrecht, Netherlands

Barbara J. Regeer

Eline j. regeer, joske f. g. bunders, ralph w. kupka.

3 Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Psychiatry, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands

In mental health care, clinical practice is often based on the best available research evidence. However, research findings are difficult to apply to clinical practice, resulting in an implementation gap. To bridge the gap between research and clinical practice, patients’ perspectives should be used in health care and research. This study aimed to understand the challenges people with bipolar disorder (BD) experience and examine what these challenges imply for health care and research needs.

Two qualitative studies were used, one to formulate research needs and another to formulate healthcare needs. In both studies focus group discussions were conducted with patients to explore their challenges in living with BD and associated needs, focusing on the themes diagnosis, treatment and recovery.

Patients’ needs are clustered in ‘disorder-specific’ and ‘generic’ needs. Specific needs concern preventing late or incorrect diagnosis, support in search for individualized treatment and supporting clinical, functional, social and personal recovery. Generic needs concern health professionals, communication and the healthcare system.

Patients with BD address disorder-specific and generic healthcare and research needs. This indicates that disorder-specific treatment guidelines address only in part the needs of patients in everyday clinical practice.

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a major mood disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of depression and (hypo)mania (Goodwin and Jamison 2007 ). According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual 5 (DSM-5), the two main subtypes are BD-I (manic episodes, often combined with depression) and BD-II (hypomanic episodes, combined with depression) (APA 2014 ). The estimated lifetime prevalence of BD is 1.3% in the Dutch adult population (de Graaf et al. 2012 ), and BD is associated with high direct (health expenditure) and indirect (e.g. unemployment) costs (Fajutrao et al. 2009 ; Michalak et al. 2012 ), making it an important public health issue. In addition to the economic impact on society, BD has a tremendous impact on patients and their caregivers (Granek et al. 2016 ; Rusner et al. 2009 ). Even between mood episodes, BD is often associated with functional impairment (Van Der Voort et al. 2015 ; Strejilevich et al. 2013 ), such as occupational or psychosocial impairment (Huxley and Baldessarini 2007 ; MacQueen et al. 2001 ; Yasuyama et al. 2017 ). Apart from symptomatic recovery, treatment can help to overcome these impairments and so improve the person’s quality of life (IsHak et al. 2012 ).

Evidence Based Medicine (EBM), introduced in the early 1990s, is a prominent paradigm in modern (mental) health care. It strives to deliver health care based on the best available research evidence, integrated with individual clinical expertise (Sackett et al. 1996 ). EBM was introduced as a new paradigm to ‘de - emphasize intuition’ and ‘ unsystematic clinical experience’ (Guyatt et al. 1992 ) (p. 2420). Despite its popularity in principle (Barratt 2008 ), EBM has also been criticized. One such criticism is the ignorance of patients’ preferences and healthcare needs (Bensing 2000 ). A second criticism relates to the difficulty of adopting evidence-based treatment options in clinical practice (Bensing 2000 ), due to the fact that research outcomes measured in ‘the gold standard’ randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) seldom correspond to the outcomes clinical practice seeks and are not responsive to patients’ needs (Newnham and Page 2010 ). Moreover, EBM provides an overview on population level instead of individual level (Darlenski et al. 2010 ). Thus, adopting research evidence in clinical practice entails difficulties, resulting in an implementation gap.

To bridge the gap between research and clinical practice, it is argued that patients’ perspectives should be used in both health care and research. Patients have experiential knowledge about their illness, living with it in their personal context and their care needs (Tait 2005 ). This is valuable for both clinical practice and research as their knowledge complements that of health professionals and researchers (Tait 2005 ; Broerse et al. 2010 ; Caron-Flinterman et al. 2005 ). This source of knowledge can be used in the process of translating evidence into clinical practice (Schrevel 2015 ). Moreover, patient participation can enhance the clinical relevance of and support for research and the outcomes in practice (Abma and Broerse 2010 ). Hence, it is argued that these perspectives should be explicated and integrated into clinical guidelines, clinical practice, and research (Misak 2010 ; Rycroft-Malone et al. 2004 ).

Given the advantages of including patients’ perspectives, patients are increasingly involved in healthcare services (Bagchus et al. 2014 ; Larsson et al. 2007 ), healthcare quality (e.g. guideline development) (Pittens et al. 2013 ) and health-related research (e.g. agenda setting, research design) (Broerse et al. 2010 ; Boote et al. 2010 ; Elberse et al. 2012 ; Teunissen et al. 2011 ). However, patients’ perspectives on health care and on research are often studied separately. We argue that to be able to provide care focused on the patients and their needs, care and research must closely interact.

We hypothesize that the challenges BD patients experience and the associated care and research needs are interwoven, and that combining them would provide a more comprehensive understanding. We hypothesize that this more comprehensive understanding would help to close the gap between clinical practice and research. For this reason, this study aims to understand the challenges people with BD experience and examine what these challenges imply for healthcare and research needs.

To understand the challenges and needs of people with BD, we undertook two qualitative studies. The first aimed to formulate a research agenda for BD from a patient’s perspective, by gaining insights into their challenges and research needs. A second study yielded an understanding of the care needs from a patient’s perspective. In this article, the results of these two studies are combined in order to investigate the relationship between research needs and care needs. Challenges are defined as ‘difficulties patients face, due to having BD’. Care needs are defined as that what patients ‘desire to receive from healthcare services to improve overall health’ (Asadi-Lari et al. 2004 ) (p. 2). Research needs are defined as that what patients ‘desire to receive from research to improve overall health’.

Study on research needs

In this study, mixed-methods were used to formulate research needs from a patient’s perspective. First six focus group discussions (FGDs) with 35 patients were conducted to formulate challenges in living with BD and hopes for the future, and to formulate research needs arising from these difficulties and aspirations. These research needs were validated in a larger sample (n = 219) by means of a questionnaire. We have reported this study in detail elsewhere (Maassen et al. 2018 ).

Study on care needs

This study was part of a nationwide Dutch project to generate a practical guideline for BD: a translation of the existing clinical guideline to clinical practice, resulting in a standard of care that patients with BD could expect. The practical guideline (Netwerk Kwaliteitsontwikkeling GGZ 2017 ) was written by a taskforce comprising health professionals, patients. In addition to the involvement of three BD patients in the taskforce, a systematic qualitative study was conducted to gain insight into the needs of a broader group of patients.

Participants and data collection

To formulate the care needs of people with BD, seven FGDs were conducted, with a total of 56 participants, including patients (n = 49) and caregivers (n = 9); some participants were both patient and caregiver. The inclusion criteria for patients were having been diagnosed with BD, aged 18 years or older and euthymic at time of the FGDs. Inclusion criteria for caregivers were caring for someone with BD and aged 18 years or older. To recruit participants, a maximum variation sampling strategy was used to collect a broad range of care needs (Kuper et al. 2008 ). First, all outpatient clinics specialized in BD affiliated with the Dutch Foundation for Bipolar Disorder (Dutch: Kenniscentrum Bipolaire Stoornissen) were contacted by means of an announcement at regular meetings and by email if they were interested to participate. From these outpatient clinics, patients were recruited by means of flyers and posters. Second, patients were recruited at a quarterly meeting of the Dutch patient and caregiver association for bipolar disorder. The FGDs were conducted between March and May 2016.

The FGDs were designed to address challenges experienced in BD health care and areas of improvement for health care for people with BD. The FGDs were structured by means of a guide and each session was facilitated by two moderators. The leading moderator was either BJR or EFM, having both extensive experience with FGD’s from previous studies. The first FGD explored a broad range of needs. The subsequent six FGDs aimed to gain a deeper understanding of these care needs, and were structured according to the outline of the practical guideline (Netwerk Kwaliteitsontwikkeling GGZ 2017 ). Three chapters were of particular interest: diagnosis, treatment and recovery. These themes were discussed in the FGDs, two in each session, all themes three times in total. Moreover, questions on specific aspects of care formulated by the members of the workgroup were posed. The sessions took 90–120 min. The FGDs were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. A summary of the FGDs was sent to the participants for a member check.

Data analysis

To analyze the data on challenges and needs, a framework for thematic analysis to identify, analyze and report patterns (themes) in qualitative data sets by Braun and Clarke ( 2006 ) was used. First, we familiarized ourselves with the data by carefully reading the transcripts. Second, open coding was used to derive initial codes from the data. These codes were provided to quotes that reflected a certain challenge or care need. Third, we searched for patterns within the codes reflecting challenges and within those reflecting needs. For both challenges and needs, similar or overlapping codes were clustered into themes. Subsequently, all needs were categorized as ‘specific’ or ‘generic’. The former are specific to BD and the latter are relevant for a broad range of psychiatric illnesses. Finally, a causal analysis provided a clear understanding of how challenges related to each other and how they related to the described needs.

To analyze the data on needs regarding recovery, four domains were distinguished, namely clinical, functional, social and personal recovery (Lloyd et al. 2008 ; van der Stel 2015 ). Clinical recovery refers to symptomatic remission; functional recovery concerns recovery of functioning that is impaired due to the disorder, particularly in the domain of executive functions; social recovery concerns the improvement of the patient’s position in society; personal recovery concerns the ability of the patient to give meaning to what had happened and to get a grip on their own life. The analyses were discussed between BR and EM. The qualitative software program MAX QDA 11.1.2 was used (MaxQDA).

Ethical considerations

According to the Medical Ethical Committee of VU University Medical Center, the Medical Research Involving Human Subjects Act does not apply to the current study. All participants gave written or verbal informed consent regarding the aim of the study and for audiotaping and its use for analysis and scientific publications. Participation was voluntary and participants could withdraw from the study at any time. Anonymity was ensured.

This section is in three parts. The first presents the participants’ characteristics. The second presents the challenges BD patients face, derived from both studies, and the disorder-specific care and research needs associated with these challenges. The third part describes the generic care needs that patients formulated.

Characteristics of the participants

In the study on care needs, 56 patients and caregivers participated. The mean age of the participants was 52 years (24–75), of whom 67.8% were women. The groups varied from four to sixteen participants, and all groups included men and women. Of all participants 87.5% was diagnosed with BD, of whom 48.9% was diagnosed with BD I. 3.5% was both caregivers and diagnosed with BD. Of 4 patients the age was missing, and from 6 patients the bipolar subtype.

Despite the fact that participants acknowledge the inevitable diagnostic difficulties of a complex disorder like BD, in both studies they describe a range of challenges in different phases of the diagnostic process (Fig.  1 ). Patients explained that the general practitioner (GP) and society in general did not recognize early-warning signs and mood swings were not well interpreted, resulting in late or incorrect diagnosis. Patients formulated a need for more research on what early-warning signs could be and on how to improve GPs’ knowledge about BD. Formulated care needs were associated with GPs using this knowledge to recognize early-warning signs in individual patients. One participant explained that certain symptoms must be noticed and placed in the right context:

I call it, ‘testing overflow of ideas’. [….] When it happens for the first time you yourself do not recognize it. Someone else close to you or the health professional, who is often not involved yet, must signal it. (FG6)

Challenges with diagnosis (squares) including relating research needs (white circles) and care needs (grey circles). (1): mentioned in study on research needs; (2): mentioned in study on care needs. Dotted lines: division of challenges into sub challenges. Arrows: causal relation between challenges

Moreover, these challenges are associated with the need to pay attention to family history and to use a multidisciplinary approach to diagnosis to benefit from multiple perspectives. The untimely recognition of early symptoms also results in another challenge: inadequate referral to the right specialized health professional. After referral, people often face a waiting list, again causing delay in the diagnostic process. These challenges result in the need for research on optimal referral systems and the care need for timely referral. One participant described her process after the GP decided to refer her:

But, yes, at that moment the communication wasn’t good at all. Because the general practitioner said: ‘she urgently has to be seen by someone’. Subsequently, three weeks went by, until I finally arrived at depression [department]. And at that department they said: ‘well, you are in the wrong place, you need to go to bipolar [department ]’. (FG1)

The challenge of being misdiagnosed is associated with the need to be able to ask for a second opinion and to have a timely and thorough diagnosis. On the one hand, it is important for patients that health professionals quickly understand what is going on, on the other hand that health professionals take the time to thoroughly investigate the symptoms by making several appointments.

From both studies, two main challenges related to the treatment of BD were derived (Fig.  2 ). The first is finding appropriate and satisfactory treatment. Participants explained that it is difficult to find the right medication and dosage that is effective and has acceptable side-effects. One participant illustrates:

I think, at one point, we have to choose, either overweight or depressed. (FG1)

Challenges with treatment (squares) including relating research needs (white circles) and care needs (grey circles). (1): mentioned in study on research needs; (2): mentioned in study on care needs. Dotted lines: division of challenges into sub challenges. Arrows: causal relation between challenges

Some participants said that they struggle with having to use medication indefinitely, including the associated medical checks. The difficult search for the right pharmacological treatment results in the need for research on long-term side-effects, on the mechanism of action of medicine and on the development of better targeted medication with fewer adverse side-effects. In care, patients would appreciate all the known information on the side-effects and intended effects. One participant explained the importance of being properly informed about medication:

I don’t read anything [about medication], because then I wouldn’t dare taking it. But I do think, when you explain it well, the advantages, the disadvantages, the treatment, the idea behind it, that would help a lot in compliance. (FG1)

A second aspect is the challenge of finding non-pharmacological therapies that fit patients’ needs. They said they and the health professionals often do not know which non-pharmacological therapies are available and effective:

But we found the carefarm ourselves 1 [….]. You have to search for yourself completely. Yes, I actually hoped that that would be presented to you, like: ‘this would be something for you’. (FG3)

Participants mentioned a variety of non-pharmacological therapies they found useful, namely cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), EMDR, running therapy, social-rhythm training, light therapy, mindfulness, psychotherapy, psychoeducation, and training in living with mood swings. They formulated the care need to receive an overview of all available treatment options in order to find a treatment best suited to their needs. They would appreciate research on the effectiveness of non-pharmacological treatments.

A third aspect within this challenge is finding the right balance between non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatment. Participants differed in their opinion about the need for medication. Whereas some participants stated that they need medication to function, others pointed out that they found non-pharmacological treatments effective, resulting in less or no medication use. They explained that the preferred balance can also change over time, depending on their mood. However, they experience a dominant focus on pharmacological treatment by the health professionals. To address this challenge, patients need support in searching for an appropriate balance.

Next to the challenge of finding appropriate and satisfactory treatment, a second treatment-related challenge is hospitalization. Participants often had a traumatic experience, due to seclusion, the authoritarian attitudes of clinical staff, and not involving their family. Patients therefore found it important to try preventing being hospitalized, for example by means of home treatment, which some participants experienced positively. Despite the challenges relating to hospitalization, participants did acknowledge that in some cases it cannot be avoided, in which case they urged for close family involvement, open communication and being treated by their own psychiatrist. Still, in the study on research needs, hospitalization did not emerge as an important research theme.

In both studies, participants described challenges in all four domains of recovery: clinical, functional, social and personal (Fig.  3 ). In relation to clinical recovery, participants struggled with the symptoms of mood episodes, the psychosis and the fear of a future episode. In contrast, some participants mentioned that they sometimes miss the hypomanic state they had experienced previously due to effective medical treatment. In the domain of functional recovery, participants contended with having to function below their educational level due to residual symptoms, such as cognitive problems, due to the importance of preventing stress in order to reduce the risk of a new episode, and because of low energy levels. This leads to the care need that health professionals should pay attention to the level of functioning of their patients.

Challenges with recovery (squares) including relating research needs (white circles) and care needs (grey circles). (1): mentioned in study on research needs; (2): mentioned in study on care needs. Dotted lines: division of challenges into sub challenges. Arrows: causal relation between challenges

In the domain of social recovery, participants described challenges with maintaining friendships, due to stigma, being unpredictable and with deciding when to disclose the disorder. The latter resulted in the care need for tips on disclosure. Moreover, patients experienced challenges with reintegration to work, due to colleagues’ lack of understanding, problems with functioning during an episode, the complicating policy of the (Dutch) Employee Insurance Agency 2 in relation to the fluctuating course of BD and the negative impact of stress. These challenges are associated with the care need that health professionals should pay attention to work and the need for research on how to improve the Social Security Agency’s policy.

For their personal recovery, participants struggled with acceptance of the disorder, due to shame, stigma, having to live by structured rules and disciplines, and the chronic nature of BD. This results in care needs for grief counselling and attention to acceptance and the need for research on the impact of being diagnosed with BD. Limited understanding within society also causes problems with acceptance, corresponding with the care need for education for caregivers and for research on how to increase social acceptance. Another challenge in personal recovery was discovering what recovery means and what constitute meaningful daily activities. Patients appreciated the support of health professionals in this area. One participant described the difficult search for the meaning of recovery:

I have been looking to recover towards the situation [before diagnosis] for a long time; that I could do what I always did and what I liked. But then I was confronted with the fact that I shouldn’t expect that to happen, or only with a lot of effort. (…) Then you start thinking, now what? A compromise. I don’t want to call that recovery, but it is a recovered, partly accepted, situation. But it is not recovery as I expected it to be. (FG5)

In general, participants considered frequent contact with a nurse or psychiatrist supportive, to help them monitor their mood and help them find (efficient) self-management strategies. Most participants appreciated the involvement of caregivers in the treatment and contact with peers.

Generic care needs

We have described BD-specific needs, but patients mentioned also mentioned several generic care needs. The latter are clustered into three categories. The first concerns the health professionals . Participants stressed the importance of a good health professional, who carefully listens, takes time, and makes them feel understood, resulting in a sense of connection. Furthermore, a good health professional treats beyond the guideline, and focuses on the needs of the individual patient. When there is no sense of connection, it should be possible to change to another health professional. The second category concerns communication between the patient and the health professional . Health professionals should communicate in an open, honest and clear way both in the early diagnostic phase and during treatment. Open communication facilitates individualized care, in which the patient is involved in decision making. In addition, participants wanted to be treated as a person, not as a patient, and according to a strength-based approach. The third category concerns needs at the level of the healthcare system . Participants struggled with the availability of the health professionals and preferred access to good care 24/7 and being able to contact their health professional quickly when necessary. Currently, according to the participants, the care system is not geared to the mood swings of BD, because patients often faced waiting lists before they could see a health professional.

Is adequate treatment also having a number from a mental health institution you can always call when you are in need, that you can go there? And not that you can go in three weeks, but on a really short notice. So at least a phone call. (FG3)

Participants were often frustrated by the limited collaboration between health professionals, within their own team, between departments of the organization, and between different organizations, including complementary health professionals. They would appreciate being able to merge their conventional and complementary treatment, with greater collaboration among the different health professionals. Furthermore, they would like continuity of health professionals as this improves both the diagnostic phase and treatment, and because that health professional gets to know the patient.

We hypothesized that research and care needs of patients are closely intertwined and that understanding these, by explicating patients’ perspectives, could contribute to closing the gap between research and care. Therefore, this study aimed to understand the challenges patients with BD face and examine what these imply for both healthcare and research. In the study on needs for research and in the study on care needs, patients formulated challenges relating to receiving the correct diagnosis, finding the right treatment, including the proper balance between non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatment, and to their individual search for clinical, functional, social and personal recovery. The formulated needs in both studies clearly reflected these challenges, leading to closely corresponding needs. Another important finding of our study is that patients not only formulate disorder-specific needs, but also many generic needs.

The needs found in our study are in line with the current literature on the needs of patients with BD, namely for more non-pharmacological treatment (Malmström et al. 2016 ; Nestsiarovich et al. 2017 ), timely recognition of early-warning signs and self-management strategies to prevent a new episode (Goossens et al. 2014 ), better information on treatment and treatment alternatives (Malmström et al. 2016 ; Neogi et al. 2016 ) and coping with grief (Goossens et al. 2014 ). Moreover, the need for frequent contact with health professionals, being listened to, receiving enough time, shared decision-making on pharmacological treatment, involving caregivers (Malmström et al. 2016 ; Fisher et al. 2017 ; Skelly et al. 2013 ), and the urge for better access to health care and continuity of health professionals (Nestsiarovich et al. 2017 ; Skelly et al. 2013 ) are confirmed by the literature. Our study added to this set of literature by providing insights in patients’ needs in the diagnostic process and illustrating the interrelation between research needs and care needs from a patient’s perspective.

The generic healthcare needs patients addressed in this study are clustered into three categories: the health professional , communication between the patient and the health professional and the health system. These categories all fit in a model of patient-centered care (PCC) by Maassen et al. ( 2016 ) In their review, patients’ perspectives on good care are compared with academic perspectives of PCC and a model of PCC is created comprising four dimensions: patient, health professional, patient – professional interaction and healthcare organization. All the generic needs formulated in this study fit into these four dimensions. The need to be treated as a person with strengths fits the dimension ‘patient’, and the need for a good health professional who carefully listens, takes time and makes them feel understood, resulting in a good connection with the professional, fits the dimension ‘health professional’ of this model. Furthermore, patients in this study stressed the importance of open communication in order to provide individualized care, which fits the dimension of ‘patient–professional interaction’. The urge for better access to health care, geared to patients’ mood swings and the need for better collaboration between health professionals and continuity of health professionals fits the dimension of ‘health care organization’ of the model. This study confirms the findings from the review and contributes to the literature stressing the importance of a patient-centered care approach (Mills et al. 2014 ; Scholl et al. 2014 ).

In the prevailing healthcare paradigm, EBM, the best available evidence should guide treatment of patients (Sackett et al. 1996 ; Darlenski et al. 2010 ). This evidence is translated into clinical and practical guidelines, which thus facilitate EBM and could be used as a decision-making tool in clinical practice (Skelly et al. 2013 ). For many psychiatric disorders, treatment is based on such disorder - specific clinical and practical guidelines. However, this disease-focused healthcare system has contributed to its fragmented nature Stange ( 2009 ) argues that this fragmented care system has expanded without the corresponding ability to integrate and personalize accordingly. We argue that acknowledging that disorder - specific clinical and practical guidelines address only parts of the care needs is of major importance, since otherwise important aspects of the patients’ needs will be ignored. Because there is an increasing acknowledgement that health care should be responsive to the needs of patients and should change from being disease-focused towards being patient-focused (Mead and Bower 2000 ; Sidani and Fox 2014 ), currently in the Netherlands generic practical guidelines are written on specific care themes (e.g. co-morbidity, side-effects, daily activity and participation). These generic practical guidelines address some of the generic needs formulated by the patients in our study. We argue that in addition to disorder-specific guidelines, these generic practical guidelines should increasingly be integrated into clinical practice, while health professionals should continuously be sensitive to other emerging needs. We believe that an integration of a disorder-centered and a patient-centered focus is essential to address all needs a patient.

Strengths, limitations and future research

This study has several strengths. First, it contributes to the literature on the challenges and needs of patients with BD. Second, the study is conducted from a patient’s perspective. Moreover, addressing this aim by conducting two separate studies enabled us to triangulate the data.

This study also has several limitations. First, this study reflects the challenges, care needs and research needs of Dutch patient with BD and caregivers. Despite the fact that a maximum variation sampling strategy was used to derive a broad range of challenges and needs throughout the Netherlands, the Dutch setting of the study may limit the transferability to other countries. To understand the overlap and differences between countries, similar research should be conducted in other contexts. Second, given the design of the study, we could not differentiate between patients and caregivers since they participated together in the FGDs. More patients than caregivers participated in the study. For a more in-depth understanding of the challenges and needs faced by caregivers, in future research separate FGDs should be conducted. Third, due to the fixed outline of the practical guideline used to conduct the FGDs, only the healthcare needs for diagnosis, treatment and recovery of BD are studied. Despite the fact that these themes might cover a broad range of health care, it could have resulted in overlooking certain needs in related areas of well-being. Therefore, future research should focus on needs outside of these themes in order to provide a complete set of healthcare needs.

Patients and their caregivers face many challenges in living with BD. Our study contributes to the literature on care and research needs from a patient perspective. Needs specific for BD are preventing late or incorrect diagnosis, support in search for individualized treatment, and supporting clinical, functional, social and personal recovery. Generic healthcare needs concern health professionals, communication and the healthcare system. This explication of both disorder-specific and generic needs indicates that clinical practice guidelines should address and integrate both in order to be responsive to the needs of patients and their caregivers.

Authors’ contributions

EFM designed the study, contributed to the data collection, managed the analysis and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. BJR designed the study and contributed to the data collection, data analysis, and writing of the manuscript. JFGB contributed to the study design and critical revision of the manuscript. EJR contributed to the study conception and critical revision of the manuscript. RWK contributed to the study design, acquisition of data, and critical revision of the manuscript. All authors contributed to the final manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Competing interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

The authors received no financial support for the research.

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

1 Care farm: farms that combine agriculture and services for people with disabilities (Iancu 2013 ). These farms are used as interventions in mental care throughout Europe and the USA to facilitate recovery (Iancu et al. 2014 ).

2 A government agency involved in the implementation of employee insurance and providing labor market and data services.

Contributor Information

Eva F. Maassen, Phone: +31 (0)6 13861504, Email: [email protected] .

Barbara J. Regeer, Email: [email protected] .

Eline J. Regeer, Email: [email protected] .

Joske F. G. Bunders, Email: [email protected] .

Ralph W. Kupka, Email: [email protected] .

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Bipolar Disorder

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Argumentative bipolar disorder

This essay will include information regarding how Bipolar Disorder is diagnosed and what tests and professionals are involved in the diagnosis and treatment of the mental illness. Throughout this essay there will also be discussion regarding what treatment is availTABLE for Bipolar Disorder and how the patient’s environment can promote or detract from a successful treatment. In closing this essay will discuss how the diagnosis and treatment of Bipolar Disorder today comma rest with the diagnosis and treatments of the past. One may ask exactly what Bipolar crosier is.

Bipolar disorder is a serious mental illness that can lead to risky behavior, damaged relationships and careers, and even suicidal tendencies if it’s not treated. “Bipolar disorder used to be known as manic depressive disorder or manic depression” (WebMD, 2010). Manic is described an increasingly restless, energetic, talkative, reckless, powerful, euphoric period. Lavish spending sprees or impulsive risky sex can occur. Then, at some point, this high-flying mood can spiral into something darker such as irritation, confusion, anger, or feeling trapped.

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Depression is described as the opposite mood involving sadness, crying, sense of worthlessness, loss of energy, loss of pleasure, sleep problems. There are several myths and misconceptions linked to the mental illness of Bipolar disorder. One of the myths is that bipolar disorder is a rare condition. This is not true. Bipolar disorder affects over five million American adults. The mental illness is not rare at all and actually affects almost three percent of the U. S. Population. Another myth linked to Bipolar disorder is that Bipolar disorder is just another name for mood swings.

This myth is also not true. The mood swings associated with bipolar disorder are very different than those of people without the condition. “The mood swings Of a person with bipolar disorder, experts agree, are far more severe than, say, a person without bipolar disorder being bummed out because rain spoiled the weekend plans or weight loss efforts aren’t showing the desired results” (WebMD, 2010). There are two other myths that are linked to Bipolar disorder, one being that there is a bipolar test and the other being that bipolar disorder cannot be diagnosed till the age of 18.

Both of the previous myths are untrue. “A diagnosis of bipolar disorder depends on a doctor taking a careful patient history, asking about symptoms over time. A family history of the disorder increases a person’s chances of getting it. There are clearly cases of children who have classic presentation in the early childhood years. But if a child does not have a classic pattern, it’s usually more difficult to make the diagnosis” (WebMD, 2010). Bipolar disorder is a very complex mental illness. Bipolar disorder has several different types of homonyms as well as five different types of the disorder.

The primary symptoms of Bipolar disorder are dramatic and very unpredicTABLE mood swings. Other symptoms of Bipolar disorder vary between mania symptoms and depression symptoms. “Mania symptoms may include excessive happiness, excitement, irritability, restlessness, increased energy, less need for sleep, racing thoughts, high sex drive, and a tendency to make grand and unattainTABLE plans”. (WebMD, 2010). “Depression symptoms may include sadness, anxiety, irritability, loss of energy, uncontrollTABLE crying, change in appetite causing weight loss or gain, increased need for sleep, difficulty making decisions, and thoughts of death or suicide”. WebMD, 2010). The five different types of Bipolar disorder include Bipolar I, Bipolar II, Mixed Bipolar, Cyclorama, and Rapid Cycling. A patient that may be affected by Bipolar I disorder will have experienced at least one manic episode throughput their life. This manic episode is a period of time that the person will experience an abnormally elevated that is accompanied by abnormal behavior that will disrupt the life of the patient. In the event that a patient is diagnosed with Bipolar II disorder, the patients experience will be similar to that of a patient with Bipolar I disorder with the moods swings cycling between high and low moods.

In Bipolar II disorder the patient’s high mood swings will never reach the full mania level. A patient dealing with Rapid Cycling will experience at least four or possibly more episodes of mania or possibly depression in a one year time span. “About 10% to 20% of people with bipolar disorder have rapid cycling. ” (WebMD, 2010). In the case of Mixed Bipolar disorder, a patient will experience episodes of both mania and depression simultaneously or in a rapid sequence. The last type of Bipolar disorder is known as Cyclorama. Cyclonic disorder is basically a mild mood disorder.

Patients will experience milder symptoms than with full blown Bipolar disorder. “When a person’s illness follows the classic pattern, diagnosing bipolar disorder is relatively easy. But bipolar disorder can be sneaky. Symptoms can defy the expected manic-depressive sequence” (WebMD, 2010). Bipolar disorder affects many neurotransmitters. Neurotransmitters are chemicals in the brain hat regulate other chemicals in the brain. (Unknown, 2009). With Bipolar disorder, the neurotransmitters that are associated with the mental illness are Dopamine, Morphophonemic, and Serotonin.

The regulatory action of Dopamine is mood, behavior, thought process, muscle movement, physical activity, heart rate, blood pressure, feeding appetite, and satiety. The regulatory actions of Morphophonemic are mood, anxiety, vigilance, arousal, heart rate, and blood pressure. Lastly there is Serotonin with regulatory actions of perception of pain, sleeping cycle, motor activity, sexual behavior, ND temperature regulation. All of these are highly related to the mental illness of Bipolar disorder. All three neurotransmitters are linked to Bipolar disorder through mood, behavior, thought process, sleeping cycle, and sexual behavior. Mary Lou Mulishly, 2006). “Doctors have come a long way in understanding different moods in bipolar disorder and in making an accurate diagnosis. A bipolar disorder diagnosis is made only by taking careful note of symptoms, including their severity, length, and frequency’ (WebMD, 2010). “Identifying genetic interactions, rather than performing one-dimensional gnome scans, might allow researchers to better understand the pathologically of bipolar disorder and eventually to identify specific treatments” (Dubiously, 2010).

Diagnosis of Bipolar disorder is usually done through patient history and physical examination. Some laboratory tests may be conducted such a thyroid function test is hypothyroidism is suspected as a cause of the patient’s depression and hyperthyroidism is a cause of the patients mania. A CB may be ordered to rule out anemia as a cause of the patient’s depression. Urinalysis and urine toxicology may also be ordered to heck for any substance abuse in the patient. EGG and EGG may be ordered to evaluate for neurological and cardiac dysfunction. Suzanne Pinto, 2010). The current treatment or treatments availTABLE for a patient diagnosed with Bipolar disorder are medication and therapy. The main goals of treatment are to promote optimum mental health status, provide emotional support, and educate the patient regarding Bipolar disorder. (Suzanne Pinto, 2010). With all of these goals and treatment, a patient with Bipolar disorder can and will function normally throughout their life. Lithium is considered one of the best restricted treatment medications for the mental illness Bipolar disorder. Lithium appears to protect against the development of dementia in patients with bipolar disorder”. (Silver, 2010). Studies show, “of 4856 patients (mean age, 54. 1), 50. 4% received at least one lithium prescription, 36. 7% received at least one anticonvulsant prescription, 88. 1% received at least one antidepressant prescription, and 80. 3% received at least one antispasmodic prescription. Dementia was diagnosed in 21 6 patients (4. 5%). After adjustment for age, sex, and use of the other medications, the rate of meantime was lower in patients with two or more lithium prescriptions than in those with only one.

No change in rate was found in recipients of medications from the other categories”. (Silver, 2010). Unlike other common medications for bipolar disorder, the continued use of lithium is protective against the dementia risk that is apparently increased in bipolar disorder. Lithium’s protective properties are already known, as it has been shown to increase gray matter and, in early research, to be an effective treatment for metamorphic lateral sclerosis. Along with medication, ongoing psychotherapy, r ‘talk” therapy, is an important part of treatment for bipolar disorder.

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119 Bipolar Disorder Essay Topics

🏆 best essay topics on bipolar disorder, ✍️ bipolar disorder essay topics for college, 👍 good bipolar disorder research topics & essay examples, 🎓 most interesting bipolar disorder research titles, 💡 simple bipolar disorder essay ideas, ❓ bipolar disorder research questions.

• Mental State Deterioration in Bipolar Disorder Patients
• Bipolar Disorder: Symptoms and Treatment
• The General Concept of Bipolar Disorder
• Bipolar Disorder From Theoretical Perspective
• Bipolar Disorder as a Prevalent Mental Health Issue
• Bipolar vs. Borderline Disorder in a Female Patient
• Bipolar Disorder in the Criminal Justice System
• Bipolar Disorder: Description, Episodes, and Types Bipolar Disorder is a serious mental condition that affects one’s ability to retain mental stability and well-being in a negative way.
• Bipolar Disorder Symptoms and Treatment Bipolar disorder (BPD), also known as manic depression, denotes a mental disorder characterized by significant mood fluctuations and can be life-threatening.
• Bipolar Disorder Description, Causes, and Treatment Bipolar disorder is a mentally based disease that mainly affects an individual’s reaction to different situations.
• Bipolar Disorder Phenomenon in Medicine The bipolar disorder phenomenon, which is regarded by the modern medical community as another epidemic, requires special attention and resources.
• Bipolar I: Manic-Depressive Disorder Medical Synopsis & Treatment The paper discusses that bipolar I disorder is a severe mental issue that requires medical examination and treatment to live a good-quality life.
• Bipolar Mental Disorder and Its Impact on an Individual This paper will look at the impact BD has on an individual and the treatment options available for such people.
• The Link Between Bipolar Disorder and Creativity This paper will discuss bipolar disorder, its neurobiology, and its relationship with creativity. There is a high correlation between bipolar disorder and creativity.
• Brain Disease: Bipolar Disorder The selected topic for this essay is bipolar disorder. This discussion gives a detailed analysis of this brain disease affecting a large number of people across the globe.
• Differences Between Features of Bipolar Disorder and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Patients presenting with generalized anxiety disorder are characterized by fear that is excessive, debilitating, persistent, and intrusive.
• Pediatric Bipolar Disorder: Key Issues Bipolar disorder among children have some peculiarities and differ from symptoms of adult patients. The article proposes specific treatment measures and interventions for children.
• Bipolar Disorder: The Diagnosis and Treatment Bipolar disorder is a complex condition that affects almost 3% of the adult population in the US. It is characterized by abrupt changes in mood from depression to mania.
• Risk Factors of Bipolar Disorder The risk factors involved in the development of bipolar affective disorder (BAD) can include a multitude of components.
• Abnormal Psychology: Bipolar Disorder The following paper will discuss this psychological illness in more detail by discussing its critical points and expressing a personal view about it.
• Bipolar Disorder: Brief History of the Patient This paper discusses Mia is a 21-year-old student who has bipolar disorder. Discussion of her treatment and what measures were accepted.
• Peculiarities of Bipolar Disorder Bipolar disorder is a complex mental illness that preconditions changes in mood, emotional swings, and the emergence of manic episodes.
• Bipolar Disorder: Term Definition Bipolar disorder is an episodic or chronic mental disorder that causes unusual, extreme, and rapid-cycling changes in energy, mood, concentration, and activity
• General Analysis of the Types of Bipolar Disorder Going by the severity of the modal episodes experienced by a victim, the disorder is divided into three types. The three main types are bipolar one, bipolar two and Cyclothymia.
• Definition, Causes, and Treatment of Bipolar Disorder The disease creates mood disorders, low-level depressive episodes and elevated modal episodes that are psychologically referred to as mania.
• Medical Analysis of Bipolar Disorder Previously known as manic depression, bipolar disorder is a psychological condition which affects moods causing them to swing to extremes.
• Bipolar Disorder: The Childhood and Adult Etiology The theory of bipolar disorder provides a framework for integrating the disparate research into six types of potential etiological factors.
• Mental Illness and Work: Bipolar Disorder Bipolar disorder, previously termed manic depressive psychosis, is a serious mental illness characterized by mood swings with episodes of both elevated and depressed moods .
• Mental Health Counseling in Bipolar Disorder Cognitive and interpersonal techniques help to resolve issues of life problems including demoralization, stigmatization, and lack of opportunity to learn from peer figures.
• Bipolar Disorder: Risk Factors Analysis The research studies conducted on BAD can be categorized into two major subcategories regarding their approach to the issue
• Hypersomnia Subtypes, Sleep and Relapse in Bipolar Disorder Kaplan et al.’s “Hypersomnia subtypes, sleep and relapse in bipolar disorder” identifies subtypes of the disease, which promotes the clarification of its definition.
• Psychodynamic Approach: Creativity and Bipolar Disorder This report answers the questions to a case study concerning the psychodynamic approach to leadership that underlying irrational processes and dynamics that govern human behavior.
• Bipolar Disorder, Its Types, Symptoms, Treatments Psychologists believe that bipolar disorder is a critical condition that can encourage patients to engage in risky behaviors. Sometimes the affected patients might become suicidal.
• Postpartum Bipolar Disorder and Depression The results of the Mood Disorder Questionnaire screening of a postpartum patient suggest a bipolar disorder caused by hormonal issues and a major depressive episode.
• Bipolar Disorder or Manic Depression Bipolar disorder is a mental illness characterized by unusual mood changes that shift from manic to depressive extremes. In the medical field, it`s called manic depression.
• Bipolar Disorder and Its Three Types The bipolar disorder condition is usually characterized by mood swings. The patient will experience periods of both mania and depression.
• Bipolar Disorder I, II, and Cyclothymic Disorder In this paper, the researcher seeks to analyze types, causes, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of the bipolar disorder.
• Bipolar Disorder: Symptoms, Factors and Treatment Bipolar disorder is a neuropsychological disorder characterized by changing moods and energy levels that affect the ability of the patients’ memory to function normally.
• Bipolar Disorder in Medical and Societal Views The objective of this research paper is to analyze the symptoms, causes, and ways of diagnosing bipolar disorder from different points of view.
• Bipolar Disorder: Diagnosis and Treatment Bipolar disorder (formerly manic depression) is a serious and common psychiatric disorder affecting a person’s mood.
• Bipolar or Manic-Depressive Disorder Bipolar disorder is a brain illness that causes sudden changes in an individual’s mood, levels of activity, energy, as well as the ability to perform mundane tasks.
• Bipolar Disorder, Its Symptoms, Causes, Therapy This paper aims at reviewing and summarizing the information on symptoms of bipolar disorder, its possible causes, and the ways to improve the mental state of patients.
• Bipolar Disorder’ Symptoms and Treatments in Psychiatry The bipolar disorder is an austere, cerebral illness. This paper discusses the signs and symptoms, treatments, as well as management objectives of the bipolar disorder.
• Co-Occurrence of ADHD and Bipolar Disorder The relationship between Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and bipolar disorder has received a lot of attention.
• About Bipolar Disorder: Mind, the Mental Health Charity
• The Types, Symptoms, and Treatment of the Bipolar Disorder
• Bipolar Disorder and Cognitive Functioning and Behavior
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• Bipolar Disorder and Its Stages
• Abnormal Psychology Bipolar Disorder
• The Problems Arising With the Bipolar Disorder
• Bipolar Disorder: Causes, Contexts, and Treatments
• Understanding Suicidal Tendencies Through Bipolar Disorder
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• Bipolar Disorder and the Creative Genius
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• The Link Between Child Abuse and Bipolar Disorder
• Bipolar Disorder: Mind and Mental Health
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• How Bipolar Disorder Affects Your Mood and Transmuting Sleep?
• Bipolar Disorder: The Causes, Effects and Treatment of Manic Depression
• Family-Focused Treatment vs. Individual Treatment for Bipolar Disorder
• The Causes and Symptoms of the Rapid Cycling Bipolar Disorder
• Bipolar Disorder Studies and Clinical Relations
• The Link Between Creativity and Bipolar Disorder
• Improving Treatment Outcomes for Bipolar Disorder
• Elevated Familial Cardiovascular Burden Among Adolescents With Familial Bipolar Disorder
• The Characteristics, Symptoms, and Treatment of the Bipolar Disorder, a Mental Illness
• Bipolar Disorder and Mood Stabilizers
• Understanding Bipolar Disorder and Evaluating the Possible Causes and Treatments
• The Standard Stabilizing Drugs Used for Bipolar Disorder
• Distinguishing ADHD and Bipolar Disorder
• Mental Capacity and Decision Making in Bipolar Disorder
• Bipolar Disorder and the Symptoms
• Children and Adolescents With Bipolar Disorder
• Pediatric Bipolar Disorder: Fact or Fiction?
• Bipolar Disorder and Dogs: Manic Depression
• Acquainting Yourself With Bipolar Disorder
• Bipolar Disorder and Its Effect on Children
• Are Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia Neuroanatomically Distinct?
• How Does Bipolar Disorder Affect the Lives of Those Who Suffer From It?
• Does Crisis-Induced Intermittency Explain Bipolar Disorder Dynamics?
• What Goes Through the Mind of Someone With Bipolar Disorder?
• How Does Bipolar Disorder Affect a Person’s Brain?
• Can You Get Free Treatment for Bipolar Disorder?
• What in the Brain Causes Bipolar Disorder?
• Does Holden Caulfield From “The Catcher in the Rye” by J.D. Salinger Suffer From Bipolar Disorder?
• How Does Bipolar Disorder Affect Individual’s Mood and Behaviors?
• What Are the Effects of Bipolar Disorder?
• How Does Bipolar Disorder Affect Children and Adolescents in School?
• What Would Digital Early Intervention for Bipolar Disorder Look Like?
• How Is Bipolar Disorder Treated?
• What Are the Social Effects of Bipolar Disorder?
• When Do Adolescents With Bipolar Disorder Attempt Suicide?
• Is It Hard to Live With Someone With Bipolar Disorder?
• What Are the Long-Term Effects of Bipolar Disorder?
• How Does Bipolar Disorder Affect Families?
• Does Bipolar Disorder Affect Behavior and Social Skills on the Internet?
• What Triggers Bipolar Disorder?
• Are Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Implicated in Histaminergic Dysregulation in Bipolar Disorder?
• How Does Bipolar Affect You Socially?
• Does Bipolar Disorder Decrease Intelligence?
• What Part of the Brain Is Affected by Bipolar Disorder?
• How Does Bipolar Affect a Person in Everyday Life?

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Essay on Bipolar Disorder | Free Essay Example

Bipolar Disorder, formerly known as manic depression, is a mental disorder linked to episodes of mood swings that range from manic highs to depressive lows. The actual cause of bipolar remains a mystery though various physical and environmental issues can heighten the possibility of getting it. Some people also develop bipolar disorder because their brain structure and chemistry are altered. A person experiencing a manic episode may have high energy and a reduced need for sleep. They may also lose touch with reality. In contrast, when depressive episodes hit, some individuals will showcase symptoms like low motivation, low energy, and loss of interest in daily chores and activities. Bipolar disorder is one of the most prevalent illnesses that remains a mystery, with dire situations leading people to have suicidal thoughts and mood disorders that last from days to months at a time. It is crucial to explore what bipolar disorder is, its causes, risk factors, and warning signs to get medical help.

Causes and Risk Factors of Bipolar Disorder

Researchers and scientists in the medical community remain baffled by the exact cause of bipolar disorder. However, several factors may play a role in instigating it, biological differences and genetics.

Biological Differences

It is important to note that people with bipolar disorder seem to have physical alterations in their brains. These biological differences may aggravate the situation though the significance of these changes remains uncertain (NAMI, 2017). Nonetheless, researchers are hopeful that future investigations will reveal the connection between these variations and the development of bipolar disorder in some people.

Research has established that people with bipolar disorder may have first-degree relatives with the illness. The disorder is more common among these family members, that is, people with siblings or parents with the condition. Current investigations are trying to uncover the genes responsible for causing bipolar disorder.

Risk Factors

Several factors could boost the chances of someone developing bipolar disorder. Some of them may act as triggers for a first-time episode and include:

1. Drugs or alcohol abuse (NAMI, 2017)

2. Blood relations, such as a sibling or parent, with the condition

3. Periods of extreme stress, such as the death of a loved one or another traumatic event

Complications

Individuals experiencing symptoms of bipolar disorder should visit medical institutions as the mental disorder could cause severe problems in areas of someone's life, such as:

· Poor school or work performance

· Ruined relationships

· Suicide attempts or suicide

· Drug and alcohol issues

· Financial or legal problems

Many people with bipolar disorder worldwide do not know they have the illness. They will most likely attribute extreme mood swings to stressful events and chalk it up to a bad day, unaware of the danger beneath the manic depressive illness.

Co-occurring Conditions

Many people with bipolar disorder regularly have another health condition that must be addressed with the illness. It is important to note that some states may boost manic depressive disorder and exacerbate the symptoms. These conditions could lead to less successful treatment and include:

1. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

2. Anxiety disorders

3. Alcohol or drug problems

4. Eating disorders

5. Physical health issues like thyroid problems, obesity, heart disease, or headaches

Many people with bipolar disorder may also have other health conditions that must be treated to effectively help mood stabilizers work (Mayo Clinic, 2022). Visiting a healthcare practitioner allows someone to get the help they need to improve their mental health and address any other underlying condition.

Medical Diagnosis of Bipolar Mental Illness

There are several types of bipolar, a brain disorder, though the most common are bipolar i and bipolar ii. People with bipolar I develop severe manic depression, while those experiencing bipolar ii get milder episodes.

The bipolar disorder sometimes runs in families, with research suggesting that various genes may boost the potential of this risk. People with bipolar disorder usually get diagnosed before they reach age 25 though some individuals demonstrate symptoms for the first time later.

It is difficult distinguishing between depressive episodes that happen as a result of unipolar, regular depression, and those resulting from bipolar disorder. A correct diagnosis is vital to the proper treatment of bipolar disorder. Medications used to ease the symptoms of unipolar depression may work differently for a bipolar individual, triggering manic episodes in people with the illness (Mayo Clinic, 2022). A doctor must perform a physical exam to treat bipolar disorder effectively through accurate diagnosis. They will ask about your symptoms and recommend conducting a blood test to ascertain if another condition, such as hypothyroidism, may be causing the symptoms. If the doctor does not discern any underlying cause for the signs, they will perform a psychological evaluation.

Psychological Evaluation

A psychology specialist will ask if someone has a history of bipolar in the family during a psychology evaluation. They will also ask about cases of anxiety disorders or depression. The specialist also asks about a person's symptoms, when they started, and how long they took (Mayo Clinic, 2022). They will also want to know about the severity of these issues, whether they have occurred in the past, and, if so, how they were handled.

The specialist will then ask you if you use drugs or alcohol and if you have any suicidal thoughts or thoughts about death. Additionally, you may be asked to complete a questionnaire clarifying how your symptoms affect your life (Mayo Clinic, 2022). Speaking with your partner, relatives, or close friends about your history and symptoms is also essential. This will help a mental health specialist come up with a better picture of your mental disorder and discern if bipolar disorder is the cause of your symptoms.

Once the specialist is through assessing your family history and symptoms, they will conduct a feedback session to discuss the diagnosis and develop appropriate treatment methods.

Symptoms of Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar disorder patients suffer from one mood disorder though several exist. They may have associated disorders, including hypomanic episodes, depressive episodes, or manic episodes. Bipolar affective disorder is a mental disorder whose symptoms include unpredictable mood and behavioral changes. These result in significant distress and cause difficulty in life. We will take a look at several mental illnesses that can be classified as bipolar disorder.

1. Bipolar I disorder

2. Bipolar II disorder

3. Cyclothymic disorder

4. Other types of bipolar disorders

1. Bipolar I Disorder

A person with bipolar I disorder has experienced at least one manic episode that would have been followed by or preceded by major depressive episodes or hypomania (Mayo Clinic, 2022). In some instances, bipolar disorder patients experiencing mania could be triggered by the manic phase, leading to psychotic symptoms or a break from reality.

2. Bipolar II Disorder

People experiencing this type of bipolar have experienced at least one depression phase and at least a hypomanic episode (Mayo Clinic, 2022). These people have never experienced a manic episode.

3. Cyclothymic Disorder

In this case, a person has showcased at least two years as an adult or one year as a child or teenager several periods of hypomanic symptoms (Mayo Clinic, 2022). Such a person has also experienced some periods of depressive illness, though they are less severe than major depression.

4. Other Types of Bipolar Disorders

There are other different types of mania and depression associated with bipolar, otherwise known as manic depressive illness. These can result from alcohol or drug abuse or sometimes owing to medical conditions such as multiple sclerosis, Cushing's disease, or stroke (Mayo Clinic, 2022).

It is essential to distinguish that bipolar ii is not a milder form of bipolar I but rather a separate diagnosis. While an individual that showcases manic symptoms may put themselves in difficult and dangerous situations, people that suffer from bipolar ii disorder may be depressed for more extended periods (Mayo Clinic, 2022). This could result in significant impairment. While mania and depression leading to medical experts diagnosing bipolar disorder in a person could happen at any age, it is frequently identified and diagnosed in the teenage years or someone's early adulthood. These symptoms can vary from one individual to another and take different forms over time, ranging from mania to depressive illness.

Mania and Hypomania

Mania and hypomania can be defined as different types of episodes though they exhibit the same symptoms. We could classify mania as a more severe case of hypomania as it leads to noticeable issues at work, socially, or at work. It could also cause relationship difficulties and trigger psychosis or a break from reality (Mayo Clinic, 2022). An individual, in this case, would need hospitalization. It is important to note that this medical condition will entail three or more of the following symptoms:

1. Racing thoughts

2. Unusual shifts in mood

3. Unusual talkativeness

4. Distractibility

5. Decreased need for sleep

6. Abnormally wired, jumpy, or upbeat

7. Euphoria, or an exaggerated self-confidence and sense of well-being

8. Increased agitation, energy, or activity

9. Poor decision-making, e.g., making foolish investments, taking sexual risks, or going on buying sprees

Major Depressive Episode

A major depressive episode elicits various symptoms that may be severe enough to result in visible difficulties in conducting activities such as school and work and focusing on relationships and social activities. Such a bipolar disorder episode demonstrates five or more of the following symptoms:

1. Loss of energy or fatigue

2. Slowed behavior or restlessness

3. Disinterest or loss of pleasure in almost all or all activities

4. Sleeping too much or insomnia

5. Inappropriate or excessive guilt or feeling of worthlessness

6. Significant weight loss, weight gain, an increase or decrease in appetite

7. Failure to gain weight as expected when it comes to children could be a sign of depression

8. Depressed mood leads to feelings of hopelessness, emptiness, sadness, or tearfulness. Children and teenagers can appear to be irritable when they have a depressed mood

9. Planning, thinking about, or attempting suicide

10. Reduced capacity to concentrate or think, or indecisiveness

Other Features of Bipolar Disorder

There are other ways for manic depression to manifest itself. This is one of the mental disorders with numerous studies published to understand it despite its unknown origins. To this end, scientists have determined that bipolar I disorder and bipolar ii have signs and symptoms that deviate from the established ones. These include melancholy, anxious distress, or psychosis. It is also vital that the timing of these illnesses' symptoms may have diagnostic names like rapid or mixed cycling. Furthermore, a person may experience bipolar based on changing seasons or during pregnancy.

Symptoms in Children and Teens

Children manifest this brain disorder in a somewhat similar way to adults though their symptoms may be misdiagnosed as something else, making it challenging to identify the problem in kids. It is frequently troublesome to determine whether it is a mental disorder or the child is experiencing routine ups and downs. This group is challenging to examine regarding the results of trauma or stress or signs they have other mental disorders other than bipolar disorder.

Bipolar disorder involves various episodes, mainly major depression or manic or hypomanic periods. However, the pattern can differ significantly from adults with mood disorders. If a child has this illness, otherwise known as manic depressive illness, they may experience rapid mood swings during the episodes. Some of these children may experience periods of calm between bouts.

The largest demonstration of this mental illness in children and teenagers includes severe mood swings that vary significantly from their usual mood swings.

What are The Coping Skills of Bipolar Disorder?

It is imperative to come up with coping strategies to use daily when managing bipolar disorder. This is in tandem with seeking professional help. We will now look at various strategies to cope with bipolar disorder. If you want to self-manage the mood disorder, if you want to track your mood, or get into a routine.

Working with a mental health professional is crucial if you are diagnosed with bipolar disorder. This would save you the trouble of self-management (Carpenter, 2021). However, research suggests that self-help strategies created with your mental health practitioner will make a huge difference in managing one's bipolar disorder.

A person's changes in mood when it comes to bipolar disorder may result in getting triggered by changes in sleep or stress. Creating a daily routine is essential for everyone, especially someone with bipolar disorder. Let us look at the strategies you can try to manage your everyday life.

1.     Monitor your mood . You must keep a journal that records your daily mood. This includes medication, sleep, and events that could cause significant mood changes. Using an app or chart may help with this.

2.     Create a schedule . Coming up with a routine will help stabilize your mood. You can organize your schedule and stick to it despite your mood. This will also help maintain stability.

3.     Sleep hygiene . Changes to a person's sleep patterns can alter their circadian rhythm, adversely impacting their mood (Reach Out). You should read various educational books to learn how to fall into correct sleep routines.

4.     Limit stress . It is also vital to limit stressors in one's life. One should not take on too many commitments and reduce stress where possible. This could mean taking one less subject for a semester or taking longer breaks during the work day.

5.     Take time when making decisions . It is also essential to take some time before making a decision or asking someone, such as a trusted friend or family member, to help you make decisions when you are impulsive.

6.     Build a strong support network . One should also consider the power of an exemplary network when dealing with mental disorders. Your family and friends can help you manage everyday life by getting an outsider's perspective on your mood disorders (Carpenter, 2021). These people can also be present when you need someone to talk to when facing difficult moments.

7.     Join a support group . It is also reassuring to hear from people experiencing similar issues. In this instance, a support group can provide comfort and offer excellent advice (Reach Out). You may also begin an anonymous conversation with others in your condition on reach-out forums and WhatsApp groups.

8.     Take time to relax . The best form of stress removal is relaxation.

9.     Exercise . Regular exercise is an excellent way to manage your stress.

10.  Take prescribed medications . Do not change your medications without talking to your general practitioner or psychiatrist.

11.  Avoid taking alcohol and drugs.  These forms of intoxicants can make your moods worse. This is especially the case if you are on medication. Talk to your doctor or psychiatrist if there is any problem.

12.  Make a suicide safety plan . You must make a preemptive method to manage low depression and suicidal thoughts.

13.  Come up with a well-being plan . Another way to manage bipolar illness is to maintain a record for effectively managing sleep and routines (Reach Out). It is also essential to plan how you will manage the highs and lows and note down details of contacts in case you need help. It would help to make this plan with a mental health professional and forward a copy to family and friends.

Can You Live a Normal Life with Bipolar?

You will develop a deeper understanding of yourself and how bipolar disorder affects you in therapy. It is also important to work with the therapist on the strategies and techniques for controlling one's symptoms and stabilizing one's mood (Carpenter, 2021). The therapist will also help ride out all episodes an individual may have and eventually help with all other mood episodes in the future. Individuals can live a mundane life without drama once they are in control of their lives and have a good grasp of their treatment without being derailed by bipolar illness.

  References

Carpenter, E. (2021, February 9). Can I live a normal life with bipolar disorder? . Thrive Counseling. https://thrivecounselingdenver.com/bipolar-disorder/normal-life-with-bipolar-disorder/#:~:text=Many%20people%20who%20have%20treated,of%20bipolar%20disorder%20derailing%20you.

Mayo Clinic. (2022, December 13). Bipolar disorder . Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bipolar-disorder/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355961

NAMI. (2017, August). Bipolar disorder . NAMI. https://www.nami.org/About-Mental-Illness/Mental-Health-Conditions/Bipolar-Disorder

Reach Out. (n.d.). Self-management for bipolar disorder . Bipolar disorder | ReachOut Australia. https://au.reachout.com/articles/self-management-for-bipolar-disorder#:~:text=Self%2Dhelp%20strategies%20for%20bipolar%20disorder,chart%20or%20app%20to%20help.

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Bipolar Disorder

1 unmasking bipolar disorder: shedding light on its prevalence.

Introduction How many people do you know that have a mental disorder? Well, 60 million people are affected by this illness. I will be talking about the disorder, symptoms, causes/cures, and the effect it has on the person dealing with this illness. Body Point 1 What is bipolar disorder? Bipolar disorder is an illness that […]

2 Understanding Bipolar Disorder: Symptoms, Impact, and Treatment Approaches

Abstract Bipolar disorder is a chronic mental illness. This is an illness that several Americans have and suffer from each year. Bipolar disorder may be triggered by unfortunate events and stressful experiences. Mood swings usually accompany this disorder. Individuals will oftentimes go from frequent shifts of highs and lows. This reoccurrence and severity may differ […]

3 Exploring Bipolar Disorder: Pathology, Characteristics and Care Strategies

Abstract This paper includes the comparison and contrast of schizophrenia disorder pathology from multiple resources, as well as data obtained from clinical sites at Harris Health Psychiatric Center. The paper will discuss pertinent lab tests and diagnostic studies upon availability and the significance of each; a care plan with three nursing diagnoses, a short-term goal […]

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4 Differentiating Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia: Unraveling Similarities

Introduction Due to related symptoms, mental disorders are often confused with other disorders. Educating yourself about mental disorder differences can increase your chances of distinguishing between the many disorders. “A mental disorder is a behavioral or mental pattern that causes significant personal functioning distress or impairment” (2018. April). Bipolar disorder, also known as manic-depressive disorder […]

5 Exploring Bipolar Disorder through the Lens of Demi Lovato’s Journey

Introduction: Profiling a Famous Person Who is the celebrity you will be diagnosing? The celebrity I will be diagnosing is Demi Lovato. Demi Lovato was born on August 20, 1992, to Patrick Lovato and Dianna De La Garza in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Sadly, her father, Patrick, died of cancer, but she has followed in the […]

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Understanding Bipolar Disorder: Symptoms, Treatment, and Management

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Arguing with someone who has bipolar disorder: Why it’s not a good idea—plus tips for more constructive conversations

We all experience days when we’re just not in the mood to mince words; which means some conversations may get a little heated under the right circumstances. And often, we tend to snap at the people who are closest to us; the friends and family we care about. 

Those arguments can and do happen, but what if the person we’re arguing with has bipolar disorder ? How does this affect the conversation, and how should an argument with a loved one who has bipolar disorder be handled?

Should You Argue with a Person Who Has Bipolar Disorder?

No. Though arguing is sometimes effective as a form of communication, it shouldn’t become a normalized behavior, especially if someone is emotionally charged due to bipolar disorder. If they’re receiving treatment (and they express willingness to talk to you about it), ask them about what their limits are and understand their boundaries . 

At baseline, all emotions are valid. Having a bipolar diagnosis doesn’t mean that your sadness, anger, or any other emotion is invalid. If they’ve come to you and expressed something that is clearly not grounded in reality, it’s time for both of you to hit the brakes.

You don’t have the same sense of what reality is at that moment—so turning things up a notch by arguing will not help. It’s like throwing gasoline on a fire, and wires will get crossed.

How Do You Calm an Angry Person with Bipolar Disorder? 3 Tips

It’s good to use some caution before wading into an argument of any kind. And if you’ve come to expect that, on occasion, you might “get into it” with a loved one who has a mental health condition, taking extra caution is always a good thing. 

When tempers start to flare and you feel the temptation to say something you shouldn’t, there are some things you can do to prevent both of you from getting upset—regardless of whether the other person has bipolar disorder or not. 

Here are some ways to navigate a conversation with an angry loved one: 

• Begin by watching your tone and and watching your body language . Slow everything down so that you can notice what’s happening for yourself. Are you tense? Hunched over? Are your fists clenched? 
• Consider what’s upsetting the other person. Just don’t assume that someone is upset only because they have a mental health condition like bipolar disorder I or II . Their feelings might be more justified than you’re giving them credit for. 
• Set boundaries with someone you know has a tendency to get angry. And maintain those boundaries. This means being consistent. For example, if you say that you need a 5 minute break if they begin cursing, take that break, and take it for the full 5 minutes every time they swear at you.   

Your job is to set and maintain your own boundaries: You can’t control other peoples’ behaviors or emotions . Ultimately, the most you can do for the other person is to prevent yourself from trying to solve their mental health condition. Be empathetic, patient, and supportive—but don’t let someone think it’s okay to continually explode. 

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What Happens When Someone with Bipolar Disorder Gets Angry?

To understand what happens when someone with bipolar disorder gets upset, it’s important to remember that often, their emotional response seems rational to them, but the reasons behind them aren’t linear. What they feel may not make sense, or appear logical to you.  

If someone is in a manic state, they may be angry because they aren’t being understood by you, or feel as though you can’t keep pace with their thoughts. You don’t have to understand completely to be empathetic and patient—and you’ll be able to soothe their emotions more easily if you remain as such. 

“Bipolar anger” may be faster to ignite than someone in a neurotypical mental space might expect. In simple terms, they may be capable of going from 0-100 quite quickly. But anger is not specific to bipolar disorder. 

When working with someone who is expressing anger, the same principles still apply, regardless of their mental health. It may look different in different situations, but pretty much, the same rules apply. 

Don’t stigmatize their condition. They aren’t experiencing psychosis – treat them as a normal person. But if the person is prone to being disrespectful or is quite angry, maybe give them some time to cool off before approaching them. 

In some cases, someone with bipolar disorder can get angry more easily because they’re suffering from a manic or hypomanic state, or even a depressive state that’s induced by their condition. Spot the differences between the three: 

• A manic episode lasts at least a week. It’s defined by a persistent state of mania, where most of the day is spent feeling very grandiose, energetic, and goal-oriented. Someone in a manic state needs less sleep than usual, and may be more talkative than they normally are. 
• A person with bipolar disorder who is experiencing mania may speak via “stream of consciousness,” without a filter. Their words and ideas seem exciting, but perhaps a bit confusing to other people. Unfortunately, manic states often involve risk-taking activity, which means, especially with undiagnosed individuals, these episodes often end in a police interaction or with them becoming hospitalized.
• A hypomanic episode lasts at least 4 days and is harder to detect. Think of a manic state, but less intense. A person with bipolar disorder experiencing hypomania will show an increase in goal-directed activity, and people around them will realize something has changed. 
• Someone may feel emotionally elevated and energized, but not to the same extent as they would in a fully manic state. That said, hypomania is clinically significant and is not rooted in reality. Hypomanic states may be more common with females and childbirth may be a specific trigger for a hypomanic episode.
• A depressive episode lasts about two weeks, usually. Someone with bipolar disorder who’s experiencing a depressive episode will experience reduced appetite, energy, and may be more irritable than usual. Extreme feelings of hopelessness, worthlessness, and a bleak world outlook are common. 

A person in a depressive state is likely to become socially withdrawn , and will suffer poor performance at work. Friends, family, and partners may be more quick to notice the signs of a depressive episode than the individual themselves.

Sometimes, the best course of action is to remove yourself from the situation. It is not abandonment.

What Should You Not Say to Someone with Bipolar Disorder?

Generally it’s not helpful to try and problem-solve for someone who has bipolar disorder. Most people with bipolar disorder know how to solve an issue if it’s bothering them; they just want their intense emotions to be validated. This is how you can help vs. arguing, which isn’t going to accomplish anything.

Because their emotional state can be delicate, here are a few things you should not say to an angry person with bipolar disorder. Do not :

• Attack their character
• Question their intelligence
• Make it “all” about their mental illness 
• Bring up their past mistakes 
• Tell them they’re sensitive (in some circumstances, this can be a form of gaslighting )
• Refer to them as “crazy”

Instead, be direct and kind . Don’t lie if you’re upset, or if you need space from them. And while it might feel comforting to you to bring other people in to resolve a conflict if someone has a mental health condition, it isn’t always appropriate. Their anger may be sparked by actions, objects, or information that their friends, family, or loved ones aren’t aware of—and the disconnect can be frustrating and lonely for them. You may say something or trigger something without realizing it. 

That’s why boundaries are important. And those tips, mentioned above, can help you prevent yourself from saying anything unnecessary or hurtful in response to an angry person with bipolar disorder. 

However, sometimes, boundaries can still be crossed by one or both of you. If you’re ever concerned about violence of any kind, report those immediate safety concerns to the appropriate parties such as 911, 988 (the suicide and mental health crisis lifeline), or another crisis intervention service .

Express your concern, but be firm if you begin to feel threatened by someone who is getting increasingly angry. Keep yourself calm and regulated, listen for their real emotions—the real underlying emotions that may be hidden by the anger you see and feel.

What Happens When You Argue with a Bipolar Person?

One of the keys to de-escalating arguments with someone who has bipolar disorder, as ironic as it sounds, is to not let those talks turn into arguments in the first place. When you argue with a person who has bipolar disorder, tension can escalate more quickly and more intensely if you choose (it’s a choice) to engage with them. It’s everyone’s responsibility, you and your loved one with bipolar disorder, to uphold boundaries and rules of respect. If there aren’t any, that’s when issues will arise. When you argue with someone who has bipolar disorder, you’re crossing your boundaries, and may begin crossing theirs, too. 

What Aggravates Bipolar Disorder?

The following are common issues and situations that can trigger or aggravate bipolar disorder I and II: 

• Routine changes caused by new circumstances— a new job, caring for a baby, or getting a roommate could contribute 
• Sleep disturbances and disorders   
• Substance use , including psychedelics  
• Alcohol use disorder 
• Light exposure (too much or too little) 
• Life changes and transitions, such as moving , getting fired or experiencing a death in the family , breakups

Once they seek mental health services, and talk through their timeline with a professional, many people with bipolar disorder I and II can remember a specific time in their lives when they were clearly “not themselves.” And often, these times were triggered by stressful situations and events, like the ones listed above.

How Do You Calm Bipolar Rage?

If there is intense irritability or anger, whether somebody is in a manic, hypomanic, or depressive episode, remember that you can’t control other people. You can only set your boundaries and maintain them. 

If somebody is actually carrying a bipolar diagnosis and is angry, set your limits and plan for safety before the arguing starts. This goes for anyone who is experiencing blind rage, too. Basically, the rules still apply as they would in any situation, but be a bit more careful. 

Ask what’s helpful for them . “Bipolar rage” isn’t a real thing, so don’t assume that they’re unstable. Treat them with the same compassion and consideration you expect in return; they’re a human being, not a diagnosis.

Bipolar disorder I and II aren’t always easy conditions to be around, but by learning to extinguish arguments proactively, you can do a lot to improve your relationship with a loved one who has bipolar disorder.

Published Feb 3, 2023

Features 1 cited research articles. 4 comments

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Thriveworks was established in 2008, with the ultimate goal of helping people live happy and successful lives. We are clinician-founded and clinician-led. In addition to providing exceptional clinical care and customer service, we accomplish our mission by offering important information about mental health and self-improvement.

We are dedicated to providing you with valuable resources that educate and empower you to live better. First, our content is authored by the experts — our editorial team co-writes our content with mental health professionals at Thriveworks, including therapists, psychiatric nurse practitioners, and more.

We also enforce a tiered review process in which at least three individuals — two or more being licensed clinical experts — review, edit, and approve each piece of content before it is published. Finally, we frequently update old content to reflect the most up-to-date information.

Holistic approaches to bipolar disorder therapy

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Is bipolar anger a real condition? Facts and characteristics of bipolar disorder

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Kate Hanselman, PMHNP-BC

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Argumentative Essay about Bipolar disorder

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Bipolar disorder is a serious mental illness that can damage relationships, career prospects, academic performance, and can even lead to suicidal tendencies and also causes people to have episodes of severe high and low moods. (Psychology Today) People who have this illness switch from feeling overly happy and energized to feeling very sad and vice versa. It is a chronically recurring condition of how you feel and act. Experts believe bipolar disorder is partly caused by an underlying problem with specific brain circuits and the balance of brain chemicals called neurotransmitters.The brain chemical serotonin is connected to many body functions such as sleep, wakefulness, eating, sexual activity, impulsivity, learning, and memory.

Researchers believe that abnormal serotonin levels lead to mood disorders. (Helpguide) This disorder affects the individual because it causes episodes of mania and depression. In the manic period, it may feel good at first but it has the tendency to be out of control. People often behave recklessly during a manic episode and symptoms may include low attention span, period of euphoria, restlessness, talking a lot,delusions and hallucinations in severe cases.When it comes to the depression state, certain symptoms are more common in bipolar depression than in regular depression.

Bipolar depression is more likely to involve irritability, guilt, unpredictable mood swings, and feelings of restlessness. People may also tend to move and speak slowly, sleep a lot, and gain weight. Bipolar disorder also comes in several different forms. It features symptoms of both mania or hypomania and depression.Common signs of a mixed episode include depression combined with agitation, irritability, anxiety, insomnia, distractibility, and racing thoughts.

This combination of high energy and low mood could potentially lead to a high risk of suicide. There are 3 different faces of Bipolar Disorder. There is Bipolar I which is the classic manic-depressive form of the illness, characterized by at least one manic episode or mixed episode. Bipolar II doesn’t experience full-blown manic episodes, but instead the illness involves episodes of hypomania and severe depression.And lastly, there is Cyclothymia which is a milder form of bipolar disorder.

It consists of cyclical mood swings. (WebMD) However, the symptoms are less severe than full-blown mania or depression. With cyclothymia, it involves experiencing periods when mood changes noticeably shifts up and down. The individual may feel on top of the world for a time, followed by a low period when it feels somewhat blue.

Socially, bipolar disorder is difficult to perceive socially but is not impossible to live with.The individual must make smart choices because the choice of lifestyle and daily habits have a significant impact on moods. (NIMH. Nih) It is important for the family and individual to cope by being educated about the disease and it’s effects, to seek support from friends to get encouragement and help whenever it may be needed, make healthy choices when it comes to daily habits of eating, sleeping, and exercising which can help stabilize moods, and also monitoring the own moods for the individual so the problem can be solved before it starts.

The physical effects of bipolar disorder can cause individuals to cope negatively and develop substance abuse problems in an attempt to medicate the symptoms of bipolar disorder. The effects of bipolar disorder can also result in negative productivity like in depressive episodes, but productivity can actually increase during hypomanic episodes. It often leads to emotional instability resulting in relationship loss. Bipolar disorder is a treatable disease. Medication usually is not enough to fully control the symptoms of bipolar disorder.The most effective treatment strategy for bipolar disorder involves a combination of medication, therapy, lifestyle changes, and social support.

It is best to work with experienced psychiatrists when it comes to dealing with Bipolar Disorder. Diagnosis and treatment is often difficult. For safety reasons, medication should be closely monitored. A psychiatrist who is skilled in bipolar disorder treatment can help with the treatment process.

In the past, lithium was the popular mood stabilizer that was usually prescribed.Now, there are a lot of options in medication for someone with bipolar disorder depending on their symptoms and body types. Currently, there are many different ways to treat the disorder such as mood stabilizers called lithium (as used in the past), Depakote, Lamictal, and Tegretol. Antipsychotics, Benzodiazepines, and Antidepressants are also used as treatment in current day. Research currently conducted towards the illness will be used to find better treatment methods and options or possibly even uncover a prevention method.The government has shown its support to bipolar disorder research by passing legislation that allocated more funds to mental illness research and treatment.

Bipolar disorder affects approximately 5. 7 million adult Americans, or about 2. 6% of the U. S.

population age 18 and older every year. The median age for bipolar disorder is 25 years, although the illness can start in early childhood or as late as the 40's and 50's. An equal number of men and women develop bipolar illness and it is found in all ages, races, ethnic groups and social classes.More than two-thirds of people with bipolar disorder have at least one close relative with the illness or with unipolar major depression, indicating that the disease has a heritable component. Even though it affects both men and women equally, women experience more depressed states than men. Bi polar is also the sixth leading cause of disability in the world.

30 percent of people with untreated bipolar disorder commit suicide because they are usually in a depressed state. (DBS Alliance) Bipolar disorder is more likely to affect the children of parents who have the disorder.When one parent has bipolar disorder, the risk to each child is 15 to 30%. When both parents have bipolar disorder, the risk increases to 50 to 75%. (DBS Alliance) When manic, children and adolescents, are more likely to be irritable and prone to destructive outbursts.

When depressed, there may be many physical complaints such as headaches, and stomachaches or tiredness; poor performance in school, irritability, social isolation, and extreme sensitivity to rejection or failure.

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Essay on Bipolar Disorder

According to the National Institution of Mental Habits, bipolar disorder is characterized by extreme mood changes, from manic episodes of intense energy, followed by extreme lows of depression. This essay sample have been written f or understanding a topic and structure of essay. If you have any problems with essay fill free to buy a paper online and our writers will do your assignmnt as fast as you need. You could order any type of work and buy essay that already written. At the same time there are lots information on Privatewritng to do your academic debate or any type of essay by yourself.

Quite a few of the history’s best artists, entertainers and athletes and the like have or have had Bipolar Disorder – whether diagnosed or not. This includes crooner Frank Sinatra, 1960s icon Jimi Hendrix, ’90s rocker Curt Kobain, painter Vincent Van Gogh, tons of writers, and even actress Catherine Zeta-Jones, among too many others. Sometimes called “Manic Depression,” Bipolar Disorder affects 2.5 percent of the U.S. population. It is characterized by extreme mood changes, from manic episodes of intense energy, followed by extreme lows of depression, according to the National Institution of Mental Habits. Bipolar Disorder is difficult to diagnose, even to experts, because there are so many different varieties of Bipolar Disorder and Depression.

Reasons of Bipolar Disorder

Many factors can be attributed to the reason a person experiences Bipolar Disorder. It can be due to their genetics, as in how they may have inherited from their parents the gene for Bipolar Disorder. It could be brought on by drug and alcohol abuse and addiction; it is a much-known fact that substance abuse is very common among people with Bipolar Disorder, the reasons for which are unclear. However, it is speculated that people with Bipolar Disorder may treat their symptoms with alcohol or drugs. It is also known that substance abuse can trigger, or even prolong, mental illness, including mood disorders. Naturally, medications exist for Bipolar Disorder, and they have been known to help alter a person’s brain chemistry so that their mood is balanced and steady. After a person is diagnosed with Bipolar Disorder, they are most always given medication to combat the intense symptoms.

However, lifestyle choices can also potentially help a person manage their mental illness or mood disorder. This extends to drinking habits and drug-taking habits, as said before, but stress, diet, exercise habits and overall health play a crucial role, too. Moderation and self-discipline are always key. Exercise has a way of balancing the firing of neurotransmitters in the brain, which play a crucial role in mood, behavior and cognition and happiness. It is a proven fact that exercise and physical health are fundamental to good mental health, as well, in part because it helps relieve stress and tension and it also encourages the body to work properly and effectively.

How to Deal with Mood Disorder?

One of the scariest things about any mood disorder is the way it becomes insurmountable to deal with and tackle. In other words, some people experience horrific Bipolar episodes and fear they will have to deal with the uncertainty and unpredictability of it for the rest of their lives. It affects every single aspect of one’s life. Unfortunately, this all too often tricks people into thinking they are better off committing suicide, ending their life, the pain, the depression. This is because the person with Bipolar Disorder experiences a high so high that they feel they can do anything, become a better person, be successful and happy and productive and wealthy. They get ideas and missions, create objectives, and they get powerfully motivated to do something. However, this high, the manic state, can directly follow a Depression so crippling that they feel the Manic state they just experienced was mostly just to tease them – that they could never be happy or at least not happy for too long.

To conclude, Bipolar Disorder exists and it’s an issue worth paying attention to. It is something that affects people from all walks of life, cultures, professions, philosophies – and it affects various – if not all – aspects of their life, as well, almost always in a detrimental way. It can keep a person from sleeping well at night, from eating and interacting with people, from doing things they enjoy, even things they have to do – like going to work and other responsibilities. Even simple things like doing laundry can be a struggle for people with Bipolar Disorder or with any variation of Depression. What is most tragic about Bipolar Disorder is the fact that it can occur suddenly and without any warning – it just happens. Nothing, in particular, may trigger it. Bipolar Disorder doesn’t discriminate by wealth, ethnicity, and religious creed. But it is a problem all over the world – and it is just as serious as cancer is.

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