report analysis of a company

How to Write a Business Analysis Report [Examples and Templates]

Table of contents

Business analysis reports are a lot like preparing a delicious meal.

Sometimes, the recipe is simple enough that you only need to use the basic ingredients. Other times, you will have to follow specific instructions to ensure those tasty delicacies turn out just right.

Want to make sure your business report never turns out like a chewy piece of meat? You’ve come to the right place.

Stay tuned until the end of this blog post, and we promise you won’t be hungry… for business knowledge!

What Is a Business Analysis Report?

Why is analytical reporting important, what should be included in a business analysis report, how do you write a business analysis report, business data analysis report examples and templates.

• Improve Business Reporting with Databox

A business analysis report provides information about the current situation of your company. This report is usually created by the management to help in the decision-making process and is usually used by other departments within a company.

Business analysis reports can either focus your research on the effectiveness of an existing business process or a proposed new process. Besides, an effective business analysis report should also assess the results to determine if the process changes had a positive or negative effect on the company’s goals. In fact, according to Databox’s State of business reporting , an overwhelming majority of companies said that reporting improved their performance.

Analytical reports are the bridge that connects your company to an effective, data-driven business intelligence strategy . By leveraging analytical reports , you can make informed decisions about your organization’s most critical issues. You will no longer need to rely on gut instinct or anecdotal evidence when assessing risks, threats, and opportunities. Instead, you will have access to a wealth of reliable data to inform your decisions.

Here are some essential benefits of analytical reporting:

• Improve communication and foster collaboration – The most obvious benefit of business analysis report writing is an improvement in communication between all stakeholders involved in the project. Also, analytical business reports can help you to generate more trust and foster better collaboration among your employees and colleagues. By using data analytics reporting tools , you will be able to monitor your employees’ performance on a day-to-day basis. This will allow you to hold them accountable for their actions and give them greater freedom within the business as they know that their superiors have faith in their decision-making capabilities.
• Increase productivity – Without this level of shared insight, businesses struggle to stay on top of their most important tasks and can become less efficient. An effective analytical business report provides the information needed for more efficient internal processes and helps you find more time for strategic activities such as improving your business strategy or working on long-term goals .
• Innovation – In today’s digital age, the pressure to innovate was never greater. When consumers basically have everything they want at their fingertips, stepping up to the plate with a new and improved product or service has never been more important. With an accessible dashboard in place, you will be able to create data-driven narratives for each of your business’ critical functions. For example, if you are a software company, you can use the insights gained from report analysis done with your dashboard software to tailor your product development efforts to the actual needs of your customers. By doing so, you will be able to develop products that are better tailored to specific customer groups. You can also use the same information for developing new marketing strategies and campaigns.
• Continuous business evolution – When it comes to digital businesses, data is everything. No model lasts forever, so having access to a business dashboard software that allows you to constantly keep tabs on your business’ performance will help you refine it as time goes on. If there are any glitches in your business model, or if something isn’t panning out as expected, the insight offered by a business analysis report can help you improve upon what works while scrapping what doesn’t.

A business analysis report has several components that need to be included to give a thorough description of the topic at hand. The structure and length of business analysis reports can vary depending on the needs of the project or task.

They can be broken down into different sections that include an:

• Executive summary
• Study introduction
• Methodology
• Review of statistics

Reports of this nature may also include case studies or examples in their discussion section.

A report can be written in a formal or informal tone, depending on the audience and purpose of the document. While a formal tone is best for executives , an informal tone is more appropriate for technical audiences . It is also a good idea to use something like an executive summary template to report on the results repeatedly with ease.

A good business analysis report is detailed and provides recommendations in the form of actionable steps. Here we have listed some simple steps that you need to follow to write a good business analysis report. Report writing is a major part of the business analysis process. In this section, you will learn how to write a report for your company:

Preparation

Presentation.

Obtain an overview of what you want to analyze in the business report . For example, if you are writing a business analysis report on how to improve customer service at an insurance company, you will want to look through all the customer service processes to determine where the problems lie. The more prepared you are when starting a project, the easier it will be to get results. Here is what your preparation should look like:

Set your goals

The first step in writing this document is to set your goals . What do you hope to accomplish with this paper? Do you need to assess the company’s finances? Are you looking for ways to make improvements? Or do you have outside investors who want to know if they should buy into the company? Once you know what your goal is, then you can begin setting up your project.

PRO TIP: How Well Are Your Marketing KPIs Performing?

Like most marketers and marketing managers, you want to know how well your efforts are translating into results each month. How much traffic and new contact conversions do you get? How many new contacts do you get from organic sessions? How are your email campaigns performing? How well are your landing pages converting? You might have to scramble to put all of this together in a single report, but now you can have it all at your fingertips in a single Databox dashboard.

Our Marketing Overview Dashboard includes data from Google Analytics 4 and HubSpot Marketing with key performance metrics like:

• Sessions . The number of sessions can tell you how many times people are returning to your website. Obviously, the higher the better.
• New Contacts from Sessions . How well is your campaign driving new contacts and customers?
• Marketing Performance KPIs . Tracking the number of MQLs, SQLs, New Contacts and similar will help you identify how your marketing efforts contribute to sales.
• Email Performance . Measure the success of your email campaigns from HubSpot. Keep an eye on your most important email marketing metrics such as number of sent emails, number of opened emails, open rate, email click-through rate, and more.
• Blog Posts and Landing Pages . How many people have viewed your blog recently? How well are your landing pages performing?

Now you can benefit from the experience of our Google Analytics and HubSpot Marketing experts, who have put together a plug-and-play Databox template that contains all the essential metrics for monitoring your leads. It’s simple to implement and start using as a standalone dashboard or in marketing reports, and best of all, it’s free!

You can easily set it up in just a few clicks – no coding required.

To set up the dashboard, follow these 3 simple steps:

Step 1: Get the template 

Step 2: Connect your HubSpot and Google Analytics 4 accounts with Databox. 

Step 3: Watch your dashboard populate in seconds.

Assess the Company’s Mission

It’s almost impossible to write a business analysis report without access to the company’s mission statement. Even if you don’t plan on using the mission statement as part of your business analysis summary, it can help you understand the company’s culture and goals. Mission statements are typically short and easy to read, but they may not include every area of focus that you want to include in your report.

Thus, it is important to use other sources when possible. For example, if you are writing a business analysis report for a small start-up company that is just beginning to market its product or service, review the company website or talk directly with management to learn what they believe will be most crucial in growing the company from the ground up.

Stakeholder Analysis

Who is your audience? Create the reader’s persona and tailor all information to their perspective. Create a stakeholder map that identifies all the groups, departments, functions, and individuals involved in this project (and any other projects related to this one). Your stakeholder map should include a description of each group’s role.

Review Financial Performance

Review the financing of the business and determine whether there are any potential threats to the company’s ability to meet its future financial obligations. This includes reviewing debt payments and ownership equity compared with other types of financing such as accounts receivable, cash reserves, and working capital. Determine whether there have been any changes in the funding over time, such as an increase in long-term debt or a decrease in owners’ equity.

Apart from reviewing your debt payments and ownership equity with other types of financing, wouldn’t it be great if you could compare your financial performance to companies that are exactly like yours? With Databox, this can be done in less than 3 minutes.

For example, by  joining this benchmark group , you can better understand your gross profit margin performance and see how metrics like income, gross profit, net income, net operating increase, etc compare against businesses like yours.

One piece of data that you would be able to discover is the average gross profit a month for B2B, B2C, SaaS and eCommerce. Knowing that you perform better than the median may help you evaluate your current business strategy and identify the neccessary steps towards improving it.

Instantly and Anonymously Benchmark Your Company’s Performance Against Others Just Like You

If you ever asked yourself:

• How does our marketing stack up against our competitors?
• Are our salespeople as productive as reps from similar companies?
• Are our profit margins as high as our peers?

Databox Benchmark Groups can finally help you answer these questions and discover how your company measures up against similar companies based on your KPIs.

When you join Benchmark Groups, you will:

• Get instant, up-to-date data on how your company stacks up against similar companies based on the metrics most important to you. Explore benchmarks for dozens of metrics, built on anonymized data from thousands of companies and get a full 360° view of your company’s KPIs across sales, marketing, finance, and more.
• Understand where your business excels and where you may be falling behind so you can shift to what will make the biggest impact. Leverage industry insights to set more effective, competitive business strategies. Explore where exactly you have room for growth within your business based on objective market data.
• Keep your clients happy by using data to back up your expertise. Show your clients where you’re helping them overperform against similar companies. Use the data to show prospects where they really are… and the potential of where they could be.
• Get a valuable asset for improving yearly and quarterly planning . Get valuable insights into areas that need more work. Gain more context for strategic planning.

The best part?

• Benchmark Groups are free to access.
• The data is 100% anonymized. No other company will be able to see your performance, and you won’t be able to see the performance of individual companies either.

When it comes to showing you how your performance compares to others, here is what it might look like for the metric Average Session Duration:

And here is an example of an open group you could join:

And this is just a fraction of what you’ll get. With Databox Benchmarks, you will need only one spot to see how all of your teams stack up — marketing, sales, customer service, product development, finance, and more. 

• Choose criteria so that the Benchmark is calculated using only companies like yours
• Narrow the benchmark sample using criteria that describe your company
• Display benchmarks right on your Databox dashboards

Sounds like something you want to try out? Join a Databox Benchmark Group today!

Examine the “Four P’s”

“Four P’s” — product , price , place, and promotion . Here’s how they work:

• Product — What is the product? How does it compare with those of competitors? Is it in a position to gain market share?
• Price — What is the price of the product? Is it what customers perceive as a good value?
• Place — Where will the product be sold? Will existing distribution channels suffice or should new channels be considered?
• Promotion — Are there marketing communications efforts already in place or needed to support the product launch or existing products?

Evaluate the Company Structure

A business analysis report examines the structure of a company, including its management, staff, departments, divisions, and supply chain. It also evaluates how well-managed the company is and how efficient its supply chain is. In order to develop a strong strategy, you need to be able to analyze your business structure.

When writing a business analysis report, it’s important to make sure you structure your work properly. You want to impress your readers with a clear and logical layout, so they will be able to see the strengths of your recommendations for improving certain areas of the business. A badly written report can completely ruin an impression, so follow these steps to ensure you get it right the first time.

A typical business analysis report is formatted as a cover page , an executive summary , information sections, and a summary .

• A cover page contains the title and author of the report, the date, a contact person, and reference numbers.
• The information section is backed up by data from the work you’ve done to support your findings, including charts and tables. Also, includes all the information that will help you make decisions about your project. Experience has shown that the use of reputable study materials, such as  StuDocu  and others, might serve you as a great assistant in your findings and project tasks.
• A summary is a short overview of the main points that you’ve made in the report. It should be written so someone who hasn’t read your entire document can understand exactly what you’re saying. Use it to highlight your main recommendations for how to change your project or organization in order to achieve its goals.
• The last section of a business analysis report is a short list of references that include any websites or documents that you used in your research. Be sure to note if you created or modified any of these documents — it’s important to give credit where credit is due.

The Process of Investigation

Explain the problem – Clearly identify the issue and determine who is affected by it. You should include a detailed description of the problem you are analyzing, as well as an in-depth analysis of its components and effects. If you’re analyzing a small issue on a local scale, make sure that your report reflects this scale. That way, if someone else reads your work who had no idea about its context or scope, they would still be able to understand it.

Explain research methods – There are two ways to do this. Firstly, you can list the methods you’ve used in the report to determine your actions’ success and failure. Secondly, you should add one or two new methods to try instead. Always tell readers how you came up with your answer or what data you used for your report. If you simply tell them that the company needs to improve customer service training then they won’t know what kind of data led you to that conclusion. Also, if there were several ways of addressing a problem, discuss each one and why it might not work or why it may not be appropriate for the company at this time.

Analyze data – Analyzing data is an integral part of any business decision, whether it’s related to the costs of manufacturing a product or predicting consumer behavior. Business analysis reports typically focus on one aspect of an organization and break down that aspect into several parts — all of which must be analyzed in order to come to a conclusion about the original topic.

The Outcome of Each Investigation Stage

The recommendations and actions will usually follow from the business objectives not being met. For example, if one of your goals was to decrease costs then your recommendations would include optimization strategies for cost reduction . If you have more than one suggestion you should make a list of the pros and cons of each one. You can make several recommendations in one report if they are related. In addition, make sure that every recommendation has supporting arguments to back them up.

Report Summary

Every business analysis report should start with a summary. It’s the first thing people see and it needs to capture their attention and interest. The report summary can be created in two ways, depending on the nature of the report:

• If the report is a brief one, that simply gives a summary of the findings, then it can be created as part of the executive summary.
• But if it’s a long report, it could be too wordy to summarise. In this case, you can create a more detailed overview that covers all the main aspects of the project from both an internal and external point of view.

Everything comes down to this section. A presentation is designed to inform, persuade and influence decision-makers to take the next action steps.

Sometimes a slide or two can make them change their mind or open new horizons. These days, digital dashboards are becoming increasingly popular when it comes to presenting data in business reports. Dashboards combine different visualizations into one place, allowing users to get an overview of the information they need at a glance rather than searching through a bunch of documents or spreadsheets trying.

Databox offers dynamic and accessible digital dashboards that will help you to convert raw data into a meaningful story. And the best part is that you can do it with a ‘blink of an eye’ even if you don’t have any coding or designs skills. There is also an option of individual report customization so that you can tailor any dashboard to your own needs.

Pre-made dashboard templates can be extremely useful when creating your own business analysis report. While examples serve as inspiration, templates allow you to create reports quickly and easily without having to spend time (and money) developing the underlying data models.

Databox dashboard templates come with some of the most common pre-built metrics and KPIs different types of businesses track across different departments. In order to create powerful business insights within minutes, all you need to do is download any of our free templates and connect your data source — the metrics will populate automatically.

Business Report Examples and Templates

Databox business dashboard examples are simple and powerful tools for tracking your business KPIs and performance. These dashboards can be used by executive teams and managers as well as by senior management, marketing, sales, customer support, IT, accounting, and other departments. If you are new to this kind of reporting, you may not know how to set up a dashboard or what metrics should be displayed on it. This is where a premade template for business dashboards comes in handy.

For example, this Google Ads Report Template is designed to give you a simple way to keep track of your campaigns’ performance over time, and it’s a great resource for anyone who uses Google’s advertising platform, regardless of whether they’re an SMB, an SME or an enterprise.

KPI Report Examples and Templates

KPIs are the foundation of any business analysis, and they can come in a multitude of forms. While we’ve defined KPIs as metrics or measurements that allow you to assess the effectiveness of a given process, department, or team, there are a number of ways to evaluate your KPIs. Through the use of color-coding, user-friendly graphs and charts, and an intuitive layout, your KPIs should be easy for anyone to understand. A good way to do this is by having a dedicated business analyst on your team who can take on the task of gathering data, analyzing it, and presenting it in a way that will drive actionable insights. However, if you don’t have a dedicated analyst or don’t want to spend money on one, you can still create KPI reporting dashboards using free KPI Databox templates and examples .

For example, this Sales Overview template is a great resource for managers who want to get an overview of their sales team’s performance and KPIs. It’s perfect for getting started with business analysis, as it is relatively easy to understand and put together.

Performance Report Examples and Templates

All businesses, regardless of size or industry, need to know how well they are performing in order to make the best decisions for their company and improve overall ROI. A performance dashboard is a strategic tool used to track key metrics across different departments and provide insight into the health of a business. Databox has a collection of 50+ Performance Dashboard Examples and Templates which are available for free download.

For example, if your business is investing a lot into customer support, we recommend tracking your customer service performance with this Helpscout Mailbox Dashboard which will give you insights into conversations, your team’s productivity, customer happiness score, and more.

Executive Report Examples and Templates

An executive dashboard is a visual representation of the current state of a business. The main purpose of an executive dashboard is to enable business leaders to quickly identify opportunities, identify areas for improvement, pinpoint issues, and make data-informed decisions for driving sales growth, new product launches, and overall business growth. When an executive dashboard is fully developed, as one of these 50+ Databox Free Executive Examples and Templates , it offers a single view of the most important metrics for a business at a glance.

For example, you probably have more than one set of financial data tracked using an executive dashboard software : invoices, revenue reports (for accounting), income statements, to mention a few. If you want to view all this data in one convenient place, or even create a custom report that gives you a better picture of your business’s financial health, this Stripe Dashboard Template is a perfect solution for you.

Metrics Report Examples and Templates

Choosing the right metrics for your business dashboard can be crucial to helping you meet your business objectives, evaluate your performance, and get insights into how your business is operating. Metrics dashboards are used by senior management to measure the performance of their company on a day-to-day basis. They are also used by mid-level managers to determine how their teams are performing against individual goals and objectives. Databox provides 50+ Free Metrics Dashboard Examples and Templates that you can use to create your company’s own dashboards. Each is unique and will depend on your business needs.

For example, if you are looking for ways to track the performance of your DevOps team, and get the latest updates on projects quickly – from commits, and repository status, to top contributors to your software development projects, this GitHub Overview Dashboard is for you.

Small Business Report Examples and Templates

A lot of small business owners don’t realize how important it is to have a proper dashboard in place until they actually use one. A dashboard can help you track and compare different metrics, benchmark your performance against industry averages, evaluate the effectiveness of your marketing and sales strategies, track financials, and much more. So if you’re looking for a tool to help you measure and manage your small business’ performance, try some of these 50+ Free Small Business Dashboard Examples and Templates .

For example, this Quickbooks Dashboard template can help you get a clear understanding of your business’s financial performance, ultimately allowing you to make better-informed decisions that will drive growth and profitability.

Agency Report Examples and Templates

Agency dashboards are not a new concept. They have been around for years and are used by companies all over the world. Agency dashboards can be powerful tools for improving your marketing performance, increasing client loyalty, and landing new clients. There is no single correct way to create an agency dashboard. Everyone has their own goals and objectives, which will ultimately determine which data points you choose to include or track using a client dashboard software , but with these Databox 100+ Free Agency Dashboard Examples and Templates you have plenty of options to start with.

For example, you can use this Harvest Clients Time Report to easily see how much time your employees spend working on projects for a particular client, including billable hours and billable amount split by projects.

Better Business Reporting with Databox

Business analysis is all about finding smart ways to evaluate your organization’s performance and future potential. And that’s where Databox comes in.

Databox can be a helpful tool for business leaders who are required to analyze data, hold frequent meetings, and generate change in their organizations. From improving the quality and accessibility of your reporting to tracking critical performance metrics in one place, and sharing performance metrics with your peers and team members in a cohesive, presentable way, allow Databox to be your personal assistant in these processes, minimize the burdens of reporting and ensure you always stay on top of your metrics game.

Sign up today for free to start streamlining your business reporting process.

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• Business Management

Company Analysis Report: Examples, Templates, Components

Home Blog Business Management Company Analysis Report: Examples, Templates, Components

Company analysis is a thorough assessment of a company's performance for deep understanding of its current state and future potential. It involves a thorough assessment of various aspects, including financial stability, market presence, and competitive advantage, to uncover valuable insights. These insights are crucial for investors, creditors, and business partners in making effective decisions and formulating strategies.

Company analysis report focuses on examining a company’s financial performance, shedding light on essential indicators such as revenue growth, profitability ratios, liquidity position, and efficiency metrics. By closely analyzing these financial aspects, we gain insights into the company's financial health, stability, and its ability to generate sustainable returns. Additionally, operational efficiency metrics provide valuable information on the company's effectiveness in delivering products or services to the market.

In addition to the company performance analysis report, it also includes a SWOT analysis report, which assesses the company's internal strengths and weaknesses, as well as external opportunities and threats.

What is a Company Analysis Report?

Business analysis report of a company is a comprehensive assessment of it’s performance, operations, and strategic position. The Company Analysis report gives insights into the company's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats thus allowing stakeholders to make informed decisions. Writing a report on company analysis typically includes an evaluation of various components such as business opportunities, market planning, customer segmentation, territory design, marketing strategies, and more.

Business analysts play a vital role in gathering and analyzing data, identifying business requirements, and proposing solutions to improve operational efficiency and achieve business objectives. Therefore, incorporating the best Business Analyst training practices enhances the quality and accuracy of the analysis.

Components to Analyze Business Opportunities

1. market planning.

• Market Segmentation: Divide the target market into distinct groups based on characteristics such as demographics, psychographics, and behavior.
• Target Market Selection: Determine the most attractive market segments to focus on based on their size, growth potential, profitability, and alignment with the company's capabilities.
• Positioning Strategy: Define how the company wants to be perceived in the market relative to its competitors, emphasizing unique value propositions and differentiation.
• Marketing Mix: Develop strategies for product/service, pricing, distribution, and promotion to effectively reach and engage the target market.

2. Customer Segmentation

• Identify Customer Needs: Understand the needs, preferences, and pain points of different customer segments to tailor products, services, and marketing messages accordingly.
• Customer Profiling: Create detailed profiles of each customer segment, including demographics, psychographics, purchasing behavior, and motivations.
• Customer Lifetime Value: Assess the long-term value of each customer segment to prioritize resource allocation and develop customer retention strategies.

3. Territory Design

• Geographic Analysis: Evaluate geographical areas and regions to determine market potential, customer density, and logistical considerations.
• Sales Territory Allocation: Divide the market into sales territories , considering factors such as customer distribution, sales potential, and sales rep capacity.
• Resource Allocation: Determine the allocation of sales, marketing, and operational resources across different territories based on their strategic importance and potential.

4. Marketing

• Marketing Strategies: Develop strategies for branding, advertising, digital marketing, public relations, and customer relationship management to effectively reach and engage the target market.
• Campaign Evaluation: Measure the success of marketing campaigns by evaluating important metrics.
• Customer Feedback Analysis: Analyze customer feedback, reviews, and surveys to identify areas for improvement and gather insights for future marketing efforts.

Business analysts play a crucial role in understanding market dynamics, gathering and analyzing data, and translating insights into actionable strategies. KnowledgeHut best Business Analyst training offers a comprehensive curriculum that covers various aspects of market analysis, customer profiling, and marketing strategies.

How to Write a Company Analysis?

Writing a business analysis report of a company involves a structured approach to examine the company's performance, operations, and strategic position. Below are the steps:

1. Preparation

• Define the purpose and scope of the analysis.
• Collect relevant data and information about the company, its industry, competitors, and market trends.
• Identify the key stakeholders and their information needs.

2. Structure

• Executive Summary: Provide a concise overview of the report's findings and recommendations.
• Study Introduction: Introduce the company and its background, including its mission, vision, and core values.
• Methodology: Explain the research methods, data sources, and analytical tools used.
• Review of Statistics: Give a detailed analysis of each component, including market analysis, SWOT analysis, financial analysis, etc.
• Conclusion: Give a summary of the main findings and insights derived from the analysis
• References: Citations of the sources used in the report, ensuring credibility and transparency.

3. Presentation

• Use clear and concise language.
• Include visual aids such as charts, graphs, and tables to support the analysis.
• Organize the report in a logical and structured manner.
• Provide an unbiased evaluation that presents both the strengths and weaknesses of the company

Business Management training equips professionals with the necessary skills in strategic planning, organizational analysis, and decision-making. By incorporating principles and techniques learned in business management training, analysts can provide valuable insights and recommendations to drive business success.

What Should be Included in the Company Analysis Report?

 1. executive summary.

An executive summary is a condensed version of a comprehensive document or report. It provides an overview of the full report's essential points, key findings, and recommended actions. The executive summary is a valuable tool for quickly sharing the main points and significance of the report. It helps communicate the key findings and recommendations in a concise way without reading the entire report.

2. Study Introduction

The study introduction provides a concise overview of the company, its industry, and the purpose of the analysis. It summarizes the key aspects of the company, like its history, mission, and organizational structure. It also highlights its products or services and target market. Lastly, it clearly states the purpose of the analysis.

3. Methodology

The methodology section provides a concise explanation of the research methods, data sources, and analytical tools used. It outlines the approach taken to gather and analyze information. This includes describing the primary and secondary research methods employed. It also highlights the key data sources utilized, such as financial reports, industry publications, market research reports, and academic studies.

4. Review of Statistics

A review of statistics in a company analysis report is an essential aspect of evaluating the performance and financial health of a company. The review of the statistics section provides a detailed report of various aspects of the company such as market analysis, SWOT analysis, financial analysis, and more. This section gives an in-depth analysis of each aspect, with supporting data thus providing valuable insights

5. Conclusion

The conclusion of a company analysis report summarizes the key findings and insights derived from the analysis. It provides an overview of the company's performance, financial health, and overall outlook. The conclusion serves as a concise summary of the main findings and insights derived from the analysis. It highlights the major findings of the entire company analysis report. The conclusion also includes recommendations based on the analysis.

6. References

In a company analysis report, references refer to the information sources used to gather data and support the analysis and conclusions presented in the report. Including references in a company analysis report is essential for providing credibility and allowing readers to verify the sources of information and data used in the analysis.

Importance of Company Analysis Reporting

• Decision Making:  Company analysis reports provide essential information and insights that aid decision making. These reports are assessed by investors and shareholders before investing in a company. The analysis helps them evaluate the company's financial strength, growth potential, and overall performance.
• Risk Assessment: Company analysis reports assist in assessing the risks associated with a company. By evaluating factors such as financial stability, market position, industry trends, and competitive landscape, stakeholders can identify potential risks.
• Performance Evaluation : Analysis reports enable stakeholders to evaluate the company's performance against its objectives, competitors, and industry benchmarks. By reviewing key financial metrics, operational efficiency, market share, and other relevant factors, stakeholders gain insights into the company's strengths, weaknesses, and areas for improvement.
• Transparency and Accountability : Company analysis reports promote transparency and accountability. These reports contain detailed information about the company's financial position, performance, and strategies. These reports allow stakeholders to hold the company's management accountable for their actions and decisions.
• Investor Relations: For publicly traded companies, analysis reports play a crucial role in maintaining positive investor relations. These reports provide shareholders and potential investors with a comprehensive understanding of the company's financial performance, prospects, and risks. Thereby influencing investment decisions and investor confidence.
• Strategic Planning:  Company analysis reports support strategic planning by providing valuable insights into the company's internal and external environment. This information helps management identify areas for improvement, formulate business strategies, allocate resources effectively, and make informed decisions to drive the company's growth and success.
• Regulatory Compliance: Analysis reports contribute to regulatory compliance, particularly for publicly traded companies that are required to disclose financial information to regulatory bodies and stakeholders. By adhering to reporting standards and providing accurate and transparent data, companies demonstrate compliance and maintain trust with regulators and the market.

Company Analysis Report Examples

Here is a company analysis report sample PDF template

• Sample Company Analysis Report Template
• Company Investment Analysis Report Template
• Company Financial Analysis Report Template

In conclusion, a company analysis report serves as a valuable tool for stakeholders to assess a company's performance, financial health, and prospects. It helps evaluate performance, identify business opportunities, and make informed decisions. The report enables stakeholders to make informed investment decisions by providing transparent and accurate information. 

It also fosters transparency, strengthens investor relations, and supports regulatory compliance. Ultimately, the company analysis report serves as a comprehensive source of information, empowering stakeholders to understand the company's position, identify areas for improvement, and drive its growth and success. By evaluating various components such as market planning, customer segmentation, and marketing strategies, stakeholders can gain insights to drive productivity, innovation, and continuous improvement within the organization.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

• Executive summary: This is a concise overview of the entire company analysis report
• Study introduction: This section introduces the purpose and scope of the company analysis.
• Methodology: The methodology section outlines the approach and methods used to conduct the company analysis.
• Review of statistics: This section presents and analyzes relevant statistics and data related to the company's performance, financials, market position, or any other relevant metrics
• Conclusion: The conclusion section provides a summary of the main findings and insights from the analysis.
• References: This section lists the sources and references cited throughout the company analysis report

Limited data availability, biased information, complex market dynamics, and accurate forecasting of future trends.

The factors considered in company analysis include financial performance, market positioning, industry trends, management competence, competitive landscape, growth strategies, risk factors, stakeholder analysis, customer segmentation, regulatory factors, and the company's strategic initiatives.

To make informed investment decisions, evaluate partnerships, negotiate contracts, and develop strategic plans aligned with company goals.

Investors, financial analysts, potential partners, and stakeholders seeking insights into a company's viability and potential.

Mansoor Mohammed

Mansoor Mohammed is a dynamic and energetic Enterprise Agile Coach, P3M & PMO Consultant, Trainer, Mentor, and Practitioner with over 20 years of experience in Strategy Execution and Business Agility. With a background in Avionics, Financial Services, Banking, Telecommunications, Retail, and Digital, Mansoor has led global infrastructure and software development teams, launched innovative products, and enabled Organizational Change Management. As a results-driven leader, he excels in collaborating, adapting, and driving partnerships with stakeholders at all levels. With expertise in Change Management, Transformation, Lean, Agile, and Organizational Design, Mansoor is passionate about aligning strategic goals and delivering creative solutions for successful business outcomes. Connect with him to explore change, Agile Governance, implementation delivery, and the future of work.

Avail your free 1:1 mentorship session.

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Company Analysis Report

You’ve probably heard a ton of people ask about how a particular company “looks” on paper. But what does this statement really mean?

When people talk about how a company looks on paper, they often refer to the financial aspect of the organization itself. This should answer questions in regards to the risks, strengths, and assets faced by the said company. It also provides a clear picture of where the company stands in the market it is in. But for these elements to be discovered, the company must first conduct a simple analysis to understand where it wants to go and how it could get there.

Company Analysis Report Template

• Google Docs
• Apple Pages

Size: A4, US

B2C Company Analysis Report Example

Size: 211 KB

BioStock Company Analysis Report Example

Size: 993 KB

BMW Company Analysis Report Example

Size: 277 KB

Definition of a Company Analysis

A company analysis is a comprehensive study done to get to know a company’s health in a number of areas. This analysis is usually written in a report for business owners, associates, and investors to refer to. There are a variety of ways to do this, depending on the specific areas a company wishes to understand, but a good analysis typically centers on the feasibility and productivity of the company, as well as a general overview of its corporate financial health.

Ultimately, a company analysis is used to illustrate the strengths and weaknesses of a company, along with the direction it is headed.

Think about it this way. It’s almost like a road trip. You can’t get to where you’re going unless you know exactly where you are. You need a map, and several directions and means of transport to get to your destination. Each method has its own share of pros and cons that you’re forced to weigh down carefully. You may also see statement analysis examples .

You would also need to consider various factors like time, money, and efficiency when making stern decisions. An outline on the internal and external factors affecting your journey will allow you to avoid the potholes and detours that may slow you down. Otherwise, you’re bound to get lost along the way, wasting a good amount of resources on a path that’s a lot farther than where you’re supposed to be. You may also like customer analysis examples .

With a company analysis, knowing where you’re starting from enables you to bring your company down a better, brighter road toward success. The general analysis will make it easier for you to determine where the company can go, as well as what it would take to get there.

What Is Included in a Company Analysis?

What’s included in a company analysis would usually depend on the primary objectives of a researcher.

An analysis may be done to look into an organization’s sales potential and accomplishments, or perhaps the information generated from the analysis would be used as an operational or investment tool. It’s also possible for the company to perform a standard SWOT analysis to refine its marketing and sales operations. A company analysis provides executives with an in-depth look into the various areas of the organization that may have been overlooked.

Regardless of its purpose, here are a few things that must be investigated in an established analysis:

1. Financial Status

This is the part where you’re required to dig into some of your most important financial records, such as your balance sheets , income statements , cash flow statements , and shareholders equity statements. This offers you a good picture of how money comes in and out of your reach. These documents are typically compiled for a three-to-five-year period to complete the analysis report.

2. Workflow and Efficiencies

See how your company has been performing over a given time period by looking into the different factors that may affect it, including employee sick time and productivity.

3. External Factors

These are the threats that might be affecting the company’s market performance. Some of the most common threats include the current status of the economy and the number of competitors serving the same audience.

On the other end of the spectrum, a company’s external factors may also refer to the opportunities it has to expand its reach and increase sales. It’s important to consider factors like market and economic trends to find out how the company may prosper in a fast-changing industry You may also see sales analysis examples .

4. Internal Factors

This refers to all the items that a company has control over. Everything from financial funding to investment opportunities are considered, along with the physical resources used by the company.

Keep in mind that your employees, administrative management, marketing campaigns and their allocated budget, and even the software programs used by various departments within the organization can greatly influence where the company currently stands. You may also like market analysis examples .

The Purpose of a Company Analysis

The report produced from a company analysis can be useful in more ways than one. This is often presented to investors or financial organizations hoping to provide the company with its much needed cash flow.

Conducting a company analysis is also a great way to take note of where a company stands before it enters a new phase in its journey. Some companies might even want to diversify its investments or create new portfolios for its own growth and development in the marketplace. You may also check out literary analysis examples .

By understanding its current financial commitments along with a forecast of where it’s headed, the company can make better and more informed decisions. After all, you’ll never how your company is truly performing until you take a good look at its present status. You might be interested in industry analysis examples .

Construction Company Analysis Report Example

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Formal Company Analysis Report Example

Fundamental Company Analysis Report Example

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Professional Company Analysis Report Example

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General Types of Company Analysis

A company analysis offers several different perspectives on how an organization runs. Listed below are some of the most common examples of an organizational analysis , each of which is designed to examine how a certain area is performing and how it may affect the company’s overall operations.

1. Company Financial Analysis

In spite of what anyone says, the whole existence of a business revolves around the money. This is why it’s important for company leaders to know where the business stands from a financial point of view to prevent potential disasters coming down the pipes. The analysis should give the company a clear glimpse of the money coming in, the money going out, and the money on hand. You may also like needs analysis examples .

2. Company SWOT Analysis

A detailed SWOT analysis is done to study the internal and external factors (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) affecting a company’s operations. This includes the organization’s finances, debts, properties, staff, competitors, and the like. This can help the company identify the different areas that need to be addressed accordingly, especially in terms of cutbacks, investments, and potential projects.

3. Company Performance Analysis

Performance indicators may vary depending on the nature of a business, but this generally offers company leaders a good look into which departments are meeting targets, who possesses budget surpluses (if any), and where possible shortfalls are happening. This can help indicate where operations need to be modified using productivity and cost assistance, as well as how profit may be balanced effectively. You may also check out operational analysis examples .

4. Company Productivity Analysis

A productivity analysis report is made to see how a business is getting the most out of its staff. One example for this would be McDonald’s bold move in 2017 to replace cashiers with interactive ordering kiosks.

Besides taking an advanced approach to speed up the business process through the use of technology, this also allowed the company to refocus its staff on quality control and order processing. By replacing manual procedures with automation, the company’s productivity may lead to significant increases in profitability. You might be interested in requirements analysis examples .

In the advent of technology and various software programs utilized in the field of business, several technical and outsourcing solutions prove to be the best options for a company to thrive in a competitive market.

Toyota Motor Corporation Company Analysis Report Example

Cleantech Invest Company Analysis Report Example

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Comparable Company Analysis Report Example

Size: 461 KB

How to Perform an Effective Company Analysis

There are two ways to start an analysis, either with the use of a template or a special type of software. Noting down your analysis ensures that all company areas are addressed accordingly.

To develop a credible analysis, here are a few guidelines to remember:

1. Determine the type of analysis best suitable for your company.

Select a kind of analysis that best suits your company. This would depend on the scope of the basic analysis and the budget allotted to perform it. For instance, most business intelligence systems come with a hefty price tag, which makes them impractical for businesses that haven’t been operating for too long.

Companies with sophisticated technology integrated into their daily processes often cover larger areas compared to those who apply manual methods—and for obvious reasons.

Simply put, it is necessary for a large corporation to use a fancy business intelligence software to conduct an accurate and efficient analysis on their company. A simple business such as a hair salon or convenience store, on the other hand, may not require a lavish software system to obtain an effective company analysis. You may also see financial analysis examples .

2. Study different analysis methods.

It’s impossible to perform a successful company analysis with little or no knowledge on what to expect from it. Generally, a thorough evaluation of your company should answer what is being done right or wrong based on a specified time period. You may also like regression analysis examples .

Keep in mind that there are different analysis methods designed for financials, marketing, human resources, and others. You can’t do a human resources analysis if you’re a solo entrepreneur, simply because there aren’t any employees to evaluate in the first place. That being said, be sure to understand the different analysis methods before you begin with the first step of the desired process.

3. Choose a method and implement it.

Once you have done your research, you can now implement the selected method. Here, you need to make sure to cover the internal and external factors that impact the business. If you’re doing a company analysis through a software application, percentages and diagrams will be shown to highlight the areas that require improvement. You might be interested in feasibility analysis examples .

But if you’re using a template to complete the analysis, you need to think critically about the competitive circumstances affecting the entire business. Take note that the manual approach does require you to work carefully to ensure that every vital aspect of the business is covered as planned. You may also see fault tree analysis examples .

4. Use statistics to prove your claims.

One of the best ways to generate a reliable analysis is to use statistics to support your findings. Quantitative data can offer an incredible amount of help in solidifying your analysis report. This is usually achieved through direct contact with your target audience. You may also like financial health analysis examples .

Say for example, count the number of people who enter your store but leave without buying anything. You can find out the reason for such behavior by using a survey questionnaire . You can then use this feedback to gain a deeper understanding about what runs through the minds of an average consumer. There are many ways to process and present this data, but it’s best to stick with graphs and tables for a more accurate visual illustration.

5. Evaluate results and make the necessary adjustments.

Review the results from your analysis. Look for weaknesses or areas that require improvement and take the necessary actions to correct them. You can use this analysis to conclude issues and problems present within the organization, and identify possible solutions to address them. You may also check out process analysis examples .

Given how an analysis provides a snapshot of the company during a particular time, it’s important to pay attention to the entire process to figure out the best method for enhancing the company internally and externally.

A company analysis refers to the fundamental assessment of an organization in which company leaders are tasked to analyze the overall profile, security, profitability, goals, and values of a company.

Knowing where the company is starting from and what it’s got to work with in order to accomplish its goals and objectives will contribute greatly to the entity’s growth. Because of this, it’s important for managers and analysts to conduct a thorough analysis on the company’s internal and external components. So if you find yourself in need of a company analysis, make sure to refer to our guidelines and templates for successful evaluation.

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Analyze Report: How to Write the Best Analytical Report (+ 6 Examples!)

By Varun Saharawat | March 1, 2024

Organizations analyze reports to improve performance by identifying areas of strength and weakness, understanding customer needs and preferences, optimizing business processes, and making data-driven decisions!

Analyze Report: Picture a heap of bricks scattered on the ground. Individually, they lack purpose until meticulously assembled into a cohesive structure—a house, perhaps?

In the realm of business intelligence , data serves as the fundamental building material, with a well-crafted data analysis report serving as the ultimate desired outcome.

However, if you’ve ever attempted to harness collected data and transform it into an insightful report, you understand the inherent challenges. Bridging the gap between raw, unprocessed data and a coherent narrative capable of informing actionable strategies is no simple feat.

Table of Contents

What is an Analyze Report?

An analytical report serves as a crucial tool for stakeholders to make informed decisions and determine the most effective course of action. For instance, a Chief Marketing Officer (CMO) might refer to a business executive analytical report to identify specific issues caused by the pandemic before adapting an existing marketing strategy.

Marketers often utilize business intelligence tools to generate these informative reports. They vary in layout, ranging from text-heavy documents (such as those created in Google Docs with screenshots or Excel spreadsheets) to visually engaging presentations.

A quick search on Google reveals that many marketers opt for text-heavy documents with a formal writing style, often featuring a table of contents on the first page. In some instances, such as the analytical report example provided below, these reports may consist of spreadsheets filled with numbers and screenshots, providing a comprehensive overview of the data.

Also Read: The Best Business Intelligence Software in 2024

How to Write an Analyze Report?

Writing an Analyze Report requires careful planning, data analysis , and clear communication of findings. Here’s a step-by-step guide to help you write an effective analytical report:

Step 1: Define the Purpose:

• Clearly define the objective and purpose of the report. Determine what problem or question the report aims to address.
• Consider the audience for the report and what information they need to make informed decisions.

Step 2: Gather Data:

• Identify relevant sources of data that can provide insights into the topic.
• Collect data from primary sources (e.g., surveys, interviews) and secondary sources (e.g., research studies, industry reports).
• Ensure that the data collected is accurate, reliable, and up-to-date.

Step 3: Analyze the Data:

• Use analytical tools and techniques to analyze the data effectively. This may include statistical analysis, qualitative coding, or data visualization.
• Look for patterns, trends, correlations, and outliers in the data that may provide insights into the topic.
• Consider the context in which the data was collected and any limitations that may affect the analysis.

Step 4: Organize the Information:

• Structure the report in a logical and coherent manner. Divide the report into sections, such as an introduction, methodology, findings, analysis, and conclusion.
• Ensure that each section flows logically into the next and that there is a clear progression of ideas throughout the report.

Step 5: Write the Introduction:

• Start with an introduction that provides background information on the topic and outlines the scope of the report.
• Clearly state the purpose and objectives of the analysis.
• Provide context for the analysis and explain why it is relevant and important.

Step 6: Present the Methodology:

• Describe the methods and techniques used to gather and analyze the data.
• Explain any assumptions made and the rationale behind your approach.
• Provide sufficient detail so that the reader can understand how the analysis was conducted.

Step 7: Present the Findings:

• Present the findings of your analysis in a clear and concise manner.
• Use charts, graphs, tables, and other visual aids to illustrate key points and make the data easier to understand.
• Provide context for the findings and explain their significance.

Step 8: Analyze the Data:

• Interpret the findings and analyze their implications.
• Discuss any patterns, trends, or insights uncovered by the analysis and explain their significance.
• Consider alternative explanations or interpretations of the data.

Step 9: Draw Conclusions:

• Draw conclusions based on the analysis and findings.
• Summarize the main points and insights of the report.
• Reiterate the key takeaways and their implications for decision-making.

Step 10: Make Recommendations:

• Finally, make recommendations based on your conclusions.
• Suggest actionable steps that can be taken to address any issues identified or capitalize on any opportunities uncovered by the analysis.
• Provide specific, practical recommendations that are feasible and aligned with the objectives of the report.

Step 11: Proofread and Revise:

• Review the report for accuracy, clarity, and coherence.
• Ensure that the writing is clear, concise, and free of errors.
• Make any necessary revisions before finalizing the report.

Step 12: Write the Executive Summary:

• Write a brief executive summary that provides an overview of the report’s key findings, conclusions, and recommendations.
• This summary should be concise and easy to understand for busy stakeholders who may not have time to read the entire report.
• Include only the most important information and avoid unnecessary details.

By following these steps, you can write an analytical report that effectively communicates your findings and insights to your audience.

Also Read: Analytics For BI: What is Business Intelligence and Analytics?

Analyze Report Examples

Analyze Report play a crucial role in providing valuable insights to businesses, enabling informed decision-making and strategic planning. Here are some examples of analytical reports along with detailed descriptions:

1) Executive Report Template:

An executive report serves as a comprehensive overview of a company’s performance, specifically tailored for C-suite executives. This report typically includes key metrics and KPIs that provide insights into the organization’s financial health and operational efficiency. For example, the Highlights tab may showcase total revenue for a specific period, along with the breakdown of transactions and associated costs. 

Additionally, the report may feature visualizations such as cost vs. revenue comparison charts, allowing executives to quickly identify trends and make data-driven decisions. With easy-to-understand graphs and charts, executives can expedite decision-making processes and adapt business strategies for effective cost containment and revenue growth.

2) Digital Marketing Report Template:

In today’s digital age, businesses rely heavily on digital marketing channels to reach their target audience and drive engagement. A digital marketing report provides insights into the performance of various marketing channels and campaigns, helping businesses optimize their marketing strategies for maximum impact. 

This report typically includes key metrics such as website traffic, conversion rates, and ROI for each marketing channel. By analyzing these KPIs, businesses can identify their best-performing channels and allocate resources accordingly. For example, the report may reveal that certain channels, such as social media or email marketing, yield higher response rates than others. Armed with this information, businesses can refine their digital marketing efforts to enhance the user experience, attract more customers, and ultimately drive growth.

3) Sales Performance Report:

A sales performance report provides a detailed analysis of sales activities, including revenue generated, sales volume, customer acquisition, and sales team performance. This report typically includes visualizations such as sales trend charts, pipeline analysis, and territory-wise sales comparisons. By analyzing these metrics, sales managers can identify top-performing products or services, track sales targets, and identify areas for improvement.

4) Customer Satisfaction Report:

A customer satisfaction report evaluates customer feedback and sentiment to measure overall satisfaction levels with products or services. This report may include metrics such as Net Promoter Score (NPS), customer survey results, and customer support ticket data. By analyzing these metrics, businesses can identify areas where they excel and areas where they need to improve to enhance the overall customer experience.

5) Financial Performance Report:

A financial performance report provides an in-depth analysis of an organization’s financial health, including revenue, expenses, profitability, and cash flow. This report may include financial ratios, trend analysis, and variance reports to assess performance against budgeted targets or industry benchmarks. By analyzing these metrics, financial managers can identify areas of strength and weakness and make strategic decisions to improve financial performance .

6) Inventory Management Report:

An inventory management report tracks inventory levels, turnover rates, stockouts, and inventory costs to optimize inventory management processes. This report may include metrics such as inventory turnover ratio, carrying costs, and stock-to-sales ratios. By analyzing these metrics, inventory managers can ensure optimal inventory levels, minimize stockouts, and reduce carrying costs to improve overall operational efficiency.

7) Employee Performance Report:

An employee performance report evaluates individual and team performance based on key performance indicators (KPIs) such as sales targets, customer satisfaction scores, productivity metrics, and attendance records. This report may include visualizations such as performance scorecards, heatmaps, and trend analysis charts to identify top performers, areas for improvement, and training needs.

Also Check: Analytics & Insights: The Difference Between Data, Analytics, and Insights

Why are Analyze Report Important?

Analyze Report are important for several reasons:

• Informed Decision Making: Analytical reports provide valuable insights and data-driven analysis that enable businesses to make informed decisions. By presenting relevant information in a structured format, these reports help stakeholders understand trends, identify patterns, and evaluate potential courses of action.
• Problem Solving: Analytical reports help organizations identify and address challenges or issues within their operations. Whether it’s identifying inefficiencies in processes, addressing customer complaints, or mitigating risks, these reports provide a framework for problem-solving and decision-making.
• Business Opportunities: Analytical reports can uncover new business opportunities by analyzing market trends, customer behavior, and competitor activities. By identifying emerging trends or unmet customer needs, businesses can capitalize on opportunities for growth and innovation.
• Performance Evaluation: Analytical reports are instrumental in evaluating the performance of various aspects of a business, such as sales, marketing campaigns, and financial metrics. By tracking key performance indicators (KPIs) and metrics, organizations can assess their progress towards goals and objectives.
• Accountability and Transparency: Analytical reports promote accountability and transparency within an organization by providing objective data and analysis. By sharing insights and findings with stakeholders, businesses can foster trust and confidence in their decision-making processes.

Overall, analytical reports serve as valuable tools for businesses to gain insights, solve problems, identify opportunities, evaluate performance, and enhance decision-making processes.

Types of Analyze Report

• Financial Analyze Report: These reports analyze the financial performance of an organization, including revenue, expenses, profitability, and cash flow. They help stakeholders understand the financial health of the business and make informed decisions about investments, budgeting, and strategic planning.
• Market Research Reports: Market research reports analyze market trends, consumer behavior, competitive landscape, and other factors affecting a particular industry or market segment. They provide valuable insights for businesses looking to launch new products, enter new markets, or refine their marketing strategies .
• Performance Analysis Reports: These reports evaluate the performance of various aspects of an organization, such as sales performance, operational efficiency, employee productivity, and customer satisfaction. They help identify areas of improvement and inform decision-making to enhance overall performance.
• Risk Assessment Reports: Risk assessment reports analyze potential risks and vulnerabilities within an organization, such as financial risks, operational risks, cybersecurity risks, and regulatory compliance risks. They help stakeholders understand and mitigate risks to protect the organization’s assets and reputation.
• SWOT Analysis Reports: SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) analysis reports assess the internal strengths and weaknesses of an organization, as well as external opportunities and threats in the business environment. They provide a comprehensive overview of the organization’s strategic position and guide decision-making.
• Customer Analysis Reports: Customer analysis reports examine customer demographics, purchasing behavior, satisfaction levels, and preferences. They help businesses understand their target audience better, tailor products and services to meet customer needs, and improve customer retention and loyalty.
• Operational Efficiency Reports: These reports evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of operational processes within an organization, such as production, logistics, and supply chain management. They identify bottlenecks, inefficiencies, and areas for improvement to optimize operations and reduce costs.
• Compliance and Regulatory Reports: Compliance and regulatory reports assess an organization’s adherence to industry regulations, legal requirements, and internal policies. They ensure that the organization operates ethically and legally, mitigating the risk of fines, penalties, and reputational damage.

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Analyze Report FAQs

What is an analytical report.

An analytical report is a document that presents data, analysis, and insights on a specific topic or problem. It provides a detailed examination of information to support decision-making and problem-solving within an organization.

Why are analytical reports important?

Analytical reports are important because they help organizations make informed decisions, solve problems, and identify opportunities for improvement. By analyzing data and providing insights, these reports enable stakeholders to understand trends, patterns, and relationships within their business operations.

What types of data are typically included in analytical reports?

Analytical reports may include various types of data, such as financial data, sales data, customer feedback, market research, and operational metrics. The specific data included depends on the purpose of the report and the information needed to address the topic or problem being analyzed.

How are analytical reports different from other types of reports?

Analytical reports differ from other types of reports, such as descriptive reports or summary reports, in that they go beyond presenting raw data or summarizing information. Instead, analytical reports analyze data in-depth, draw conclusions, and provide recommendations based on the analysis.

What are the key components of an analytical report?

Key components of an analytical report typically include an introduction, methodology, findings, analysis, conclusions, and recommendations. The introduction provides background information on the topic, the methodology outlines the approach used to analyze the data, the findings present the results of the analysis, the analysis interprets the findings, and the conclusions and recommendations offer insights and actionable steps.

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How to Write a Business Analysis Report

So your boss (or client) has asked you to do a full review of a business area before presenting your findings and recommendations?

You’ve completed your investigation and now need to present your findings and recommendations to your stakeholders.

If that sounds like you, then this is the post for you.

Because today I’m telling you everything you need to know about writing your Business Analysis report.

Including how to CHANGE your presentation or documentation structure depending on your stakeholders.

Giving you ideas on how to present your recommendations so they ALWAYS get accepted.

Start with the end in mind – What are you trying to say in your BA Report?

This is KEY.

A strong Business Analyst will be thinking about their solution recommendations from the very beginning and right throughout any project.

And if your investigation is conducted thoroughly, it won’t be difficult to form an opinion on the best way for the business to move forward effectively.

If you’ve studied business you will know this already, but it’s true for BA’s as well.

So here’s what I would do:

When I get allocated a project, I tend to set up my final presentation meetings at the start of the project.

The benefit:

• I have a clear deadline, which increases my productivity.
• I am able to secure the diaries of extremely busy people – especially managers
• Sometimes I am able to get a whole team into one session because the manager is able to prepare.

By starting with the end in mind, you will have a clear idea of what you want to get out of the presentation.

Sometimes I even go to the extremes of writing down my recommendations FIRST and working backwards from there.

Who are you writing your Business Analysis Report for?

If you’re at the start of the project you need to do your stakeholder analysis.

If you’re presenting and haven’t done one yet – DO IT NOW

Use my article Stakeholder Mapping Tool – How to engage 15 business areas  so you can be sure you’ve done it right.

Why should you do one of these?

The main reason is because it will help you identify who are the powerful people that you need to convince

Who are the most project interested people that you need to convince of your findings.

The general rule of thumb:

Powerful people are usually high up and don’t need to hear about the detail of the current issues. No! They want to hear what they need to do to make the company better. So in this situation make sure your focus is mainly on the recommendations and NOT the problems.

Less powerful people that are interested tend to be the team members that your future changes will impact.

SO… in this scenario, they probably want to see if you agree with what they think or know is the problem. Most of the time the problems will have come from those SMEs during the investigation.

So it’s a great opportunity to make them feel listened to by spending a bit more time going through and discussing their problems.

Whether it’s a document or a presentation

You need to bear these people in mind and present your business analysis report in the right way depending who you are presenting to.

HOW will you deliver your business analysis report?

If you’re at the start of the project. Now is a good time to decide how you will present your findings and recommendations to your stakeholders.

Usually one of the below

• In a document
• A Presentation
• Both documentat and presentation

Build up your recommendations throughout the presentations

Have you heard the saying?

• Tell them what you’re going to say
• Then tell them what you said.

That’s the 3 step process to a high impact presentation. And it’s exactly what you should be doing with your findings and recommendations.

How to structure your report

The structure of your report could be the ultimate reason as to why the people you need to convince will take your recommendations.

So here’s the key areas to consider

1.      The intro

Start with a bang.

Explain the background of the project.

For a document report:

You may wish to use BOSCARD (read my BOSCARD article if your response to that is – WHAT?). That’s where you’re terms of reference from the beginning of the project will come in

Make sure you keep it short and sweet. Ask yourself ‘Would I continue reading if I read this intro?”

For a presentation

DON’T use BOSCARD in its entirety.

DO NOT go over more than one page.

Don’t write down in detail on the presentation.

Put bullet points for the project reasons and why you’re standing here today.

2.      Report The approach

You need to get this bit absolutely spot on.

Because there’s a fine line between being BORING and being INFORMATIVE.

Ask yourself – “why am I telling them my approach?”

Well the reason is so that you can get them to understand how you came to your recommendations.

Don’t go to the nth degree of detail – especially if you’re presenting to highly powerful stakeholders just a simple explanation of the steps you took throughout the project.

So what did you do during the project?

Voice of the Employee? To obtain feedback from those that KNOW.

Statistical Analysis? To ensure findings are accurate and logical.

Process Mapping? To gain an understanding.

List the tools AND explain why they are beneficial.

3.      Report the outcome of each technique used

This is where you can begin to slot in your recommendations slowly in order to gauge an early response.

The outcome of each technique you used to gather information will allow you to show in a bit more detail why you are making these recommendations.

DON’T go through your process maps in minute detail.

DO pick out the important aspects of the process map. Remember this isn’t an opportunity to verify that your process knowledge is accurate. You should have already done that. It’s an opportunity to make people aware that you can spot problems within a process.

Use the 7 wastes TIMWOOD rule when reviewing your processes and use these as examples to highlight any issues.

If you undertook feedback workshops with SME’s, it’s always a good idea to explain the outcomes and ‘blue sky ideas’ from those workshops.

DON’T say WHO gave the ideas – you don’t need to.

Because you don’t know how each of your stakeholders respect each other’s ideas and if one person doesn’t respect another (trust me it happens), you may have lost them before the improvements have even begun.

Instead focus on the ‘why an idea is worth implementing’ .

4.      Summarise your findings

There’s 2 opportunities here:

The first is the ability to win round the employees who will be affected by your recommendations.

The second is make business leaders accept the recommendations by the impact of the issues you describe here in your findings.

Keep them short but solid.

And use figures! Nothing tells a better story than the impact of space, time and money. Especially to leaders.

5.      Summarise your recommendations

When writing your summary recommendations, make sure you categorise them.

A good categorisation is by People, Process and System

That way you can clearly explain whether it’s a culture issue or a technology issue.

Remember Culture issues can be very difficult to fix but if done right and fast can be a whole lot cheaper than implementing a system that may not even fix the issue.

You should have already won round your audience by this point.

So all you are trying to do is to tell them what you’ve been telling them for the last hour.

If you’re having difficulty wording your recommendations, download my Business Analyst Report for some inspiration.

6 thoughts on “ How to Write a Business Analysis Report ”

What kind of format can I use to write a business analysis report.

A Powerpoint Presentation is always a good choice of formatting.

I am struggling with my document to present my findings and recommendations especially with space time and money. Do you perhaps have a template for this?

I have lots of templates here. Hopefully one will help https://www.ba-guru.com/72-business-analysis-templates

Hi, I wonder if you can share some templates for BA report.

hello, thanks for the information shared. i would apprecaite if you send a sample or template of business analysis report

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Seize The Power Of Analytical Reports – Business Examples & Templates

Table of Contents

1) What Is An Analytical Report?

2) Why Is Analytical Reporting Important?

3) How To Create An Analytical Report?

4) Top Analytical Report Examples

5) Analytical Reporting Mistakes To Avoid

In recent years, analytical reporting has evolved into one of the world’s most important business intelligence components, inspiring companies across industries to adopt a more strategic mindset.

While many companies struggle to leverage an effective business intelligence strategy, the importance of analytical information creates a fluctuation of knowledge that cannot be simply collected into a single spreadsheet. It has become harder to create and use a single report and communicate a wide range of vital insights between departments, stakeholders, and important parties in a single company. That’s why a business needs a proper analytical report that will filter important data and improve the creation of the full management report that can lead to a successful business operation.

That doesn’t mean that creating these kinds of statements should only be intended for specialized analysts who can read and interpret complex information more swiftly, but with self-service BI tools that expand the knowledge of all employees in a company, analytical reports can become one of the most invaluable instruments that force progress, directly affect operating costs and use modern interface which everyone understands.

That said, we will delve deeper into analytical reporting as well as its value in real-world business content. We will also look at how to create them with the assistance of professional online reporting software .

Let’s get started.

What Is An Analytical Report?

An analytical report is a type of business report that uses qualitative and quantitative company data to analyze as well as evaluate a business strategy or process while empowering employees to make data-driven decisions based on evidence and analytics.

While analytical reporting is based on statistics, and historical data, and can deliver a predictive projection of a specific issue, its usage is also spread in analyzing current data in a wide range of industries. For instance, a hospital has seen in its analytics that the average waiting time can be reduced by conducting specific actions. A marketing agency can decide to allocate its budget differently after the team has seen that the most traffic comes from a different source of the invested budget. Applications of these kinds of reports are different, and, therefore, the writing style and generating valuable insights are distinctive in every industry.

Why Is Analytical Reporting Important?

Now, let's consider the business-boosting benefits of operating with powerful indicators.

Analytic reports are the gateway to business intelligence (BI). And when your organization becomes more intelligent, you will push yourself ahead of the competition. Working with them will empower you to land informed, accurate decisions while allowing you to problem-solve or respond to change with pinpoint accuracy.

To put their importance into perspective, here is a rundown of the top benefits of effective report analysis:

• Communication & collaboration : By investing in effective BI reporting tools and processes, you can give everyone in the business access to valuable visual indicators from one central location. This will empower them with the knowledge they need to perform better in their roles while preventing any interdepartmental friction due to poor or inaccurate information. Armed with powerful analytics report metrics, everyone in the company will be on the same page, creating a culture of open collaboration and communication in the process.
• Productivity : In addition to better communication, analytics will also give you a panoramic view of your internal processes. By gaining this level of shared insight, you can streamline inefficient processes across the board while motivating your team to focus on more strategic activities to grow the business. The result? A more engaged, more productive business that is not only more adaptable but also more profitable.
• Innovation : A modern business tool offers a wealth of valuable KPIs all in one place. With the assistance of a dashboard creator ,  you also get dynamic data visualizations designed to provide deep-dive insights into your business’s most vital functions or processes. Thanks to report analysis, you will be able to identify weaknesses, capitalize on trends, uncover patterns you never knew existed, and generate accurate predictions. You can also assess and improve your customer satisfaction score by making data-driven decisions to enhance the overall customer experience. From an accessible dashboard, you can create logical narratives and share details that will ensure your sales, marketing, customer service, financial, HR, and fulfillment activities are all the more innovative. When you do that, you will stand out in your niche and, ultimately, grow the business.
• Evolution : The digital world is in a state of constant motion. What works today may be obsolete tomorrow, so keeping up with the changes is essential to not only survive but thrive. A report provides 24/7 access to historical info and live data thanks to reporting automation , and predictive features that will empower you to respond to continual change, refining your business models or processes according to the landscape around you while keeping down operational costs and maintaining staff engagement. As every noteworthy report is interactive and customizable, you can easily make continual tweaks or adjustments and stay ahead in your field as you and your industry grow. 

The take-home here is: With the right analytical report template, you will improve vision, efficiency, and communication in every key facet of the business, which will boost your bottom line while attracting more clients or customers to your business.

Your Chance: Want to build your own analytical reports completely free? Try our professional reporting software for 14 days, completely free!

How To Create An Analytical Report?

Now that we've looked at a definition and some top benefits, we’ll consider how to create an analytics-style report to enhance business intelligence across the board with the assistance of modern and professional tools.

1. Use digital dashboards

The first step should always be to think about the best medium in terms of usability and presentation. It’s possible to create a comprehensive report using a spreadsheet, whitepaper, or a simple Word document or file. But these more traditional methods are usually clunky and time-consuming. It is possible to structure data across a broad range of spreadsheets, but the final result can be more confusing than productive.

By using an online dashboard , you will be able to gain access to dynamic KPIs in a way that’s digestible, actionable, and accurate. No more sifting through droves of spreadsheets, no more patchwork data analysis, and static presentations. With digital analytical reporting, you will see the insights unfolding before your very eyes.

2. Be dynamic

Traditional reports have a standard structure that doesn’t facilitate editing. Traditional types of analytical reports typically consist of a title page, table of contents, introduction, methodology, body section, conclusions, recommendations, and a bibliography. But with dynamic, interactive dashboard reporting software , your structure will be far simpler and more holistic. As such, you can retain all the conventional information you require, but the dynamism will provide facts you can use live and dig deeper while drilling down into pockets of knowledge with the swipe of a screen or the click of a button.

3. Choose the right chart types

Perhaps one of the most important steps is choosing the right chart type. Once you’ve made a conscious commitment to work with dynamic analytical reports, the next phase of the operation comes in the form of choosing the right chart type. A modern data report offers a host of interactive charts and visualizations you can use to your advantage.

If you choose the right types - those that represent the information you’re looking to convey with your data analysis report - you will enhance communication and productivity. Common chart types include interactive bar charts, line charts, bubble plots, area charts, and maps. To assist you in picking the right ones, here is a guide to choosing the best types of graphs and charts for your business.

4. Use real-time data

In addition to working with the right chart types, using dynamic real-time data is one of the cornerstones of analytical reporting success.

Interacting with real-time data through dynamic visualizations will ensure you can respond to any potential issue as it unfolds. Moreover, working with real-time data that aligns with your exact goals or objectives will improve your in-the-moment decision-making. At the same time, it will give you the capabilities to evolve your strategic efforts in line with the ever-changing commercial landscape surrounding your business.

5. Follow design best practices

When you’re considering the preparation of these reports, presentation is everything. Regardless of how powerful your dashboard software is, without following best practices, you will dilute your most vital organizational information, making it far less effective. When it comes to the design aspect, a clear, concise layout with a balanced mix of visuals is the way forward. For powerful analytical reporting, you must ensure your layout provides clear-cut answers to the questions linked to crucial aspects of your business’s progress. You should avoid packing too many charts and widgets into any analytics reports as it will only detract from your most valuable information. Also, for maximum data-driven success, focus on following a logical format that will allow you and your users to extract actionable insights at a glance. Adding tables at the bottom of the page will enable you to achieve a logical format as they usually provide more value than charts, graphs, or similar metrics.

6. Work with the right KPIs

As well as the many different types of analytical reports that exist in the digital age, there are also many types of dynamic KPIs you can use. The visually rich and interactive nature of these KPIs means that you can gain access to a wealth of invaluable facts, both past, predictive, and real-time. For an informational-style report format to work at its optimum capacity, selecting the right KPI template to consistently work toward your business goals is vital. When you’re creating or developing a business analytics report, you should consider which trends you are looking to uncover or benchmark and choose your KPIs accordingly.

Focusing on your primary business goals will ensure you reach a suitable conclusion when picking dynamic KPIs - doing so will ensure your business is more adaptable, more responsive, and more innovative with the initiatives you develop for the organization. By choosing your indicators well, you gain the ability to spot strengths and weaknesses while making your information more accessible to other stakeholders, both internal and external. This is an essential component of making sure that you get the structure of an analytical performance report just right.

7. Make your reports accessible

Expanding on our previous point, your business analytics report must always be accessible. In addition to developing a visually accessible, logical design and format, your relevant information should always be available to the right people in your organization whenever and wherever they need it. By working with pre-defined templates, you will be able to provide 24/7 access to your company’s most important KPI dashboards as employees will be able to log in and extract insights from a multitude of devices, including smartphones and tablets. The primary aim of a business analytical report is to improve internal business intelligence while empowering everyone with the knowledge they need to perform better - this limitless level of accessibility will do just that.

8. Tell a tale

You’ve probably noticed that we’ve already mentioned the importance of “telling a tale or story” - and for good reasons. The human brain favors strong narratives or a plot it can follow, so if your analysis report format is developed with storytelling in mind, you will make your business reporting efforts far more powerful.

To learn more about how to improve your efforts, you can read our comprehensive guide on data analysis methods and techniques.

9. Use interactive features

When fine-tuning an analytical report, it’s important to consider the features and functionality that will make your data more interactive.

Working with certain features will bring your most valuable insights to life while helping your users to perform better within their roles. These dynamic features include:

• Clickable chart or graph filters
• Detailed data visualization drill-throughs and drill downs
• Chart zoom-in functionality
• Dynamic text boxes and images
• Practical informational toolkits

By enabling the right features and helping everyone within the business understand how to use them, you will ensure your analytical reports offer maximum value, offering a consistently healthy return on investment (ROI) in the process. If you want to see this interactive dashboard feature more in detail, then take a look at our complete guide on the topic!

10. Benefit from artificial intelligence (AI)

Leveraging the power of AI technology will make your data analysis report template all the more powerful. The best modern AI software is equipped with autonomous functionality that streamlines and optimizes the analytical process.

Without a doubt, two of the most valuable AI features that drive today’s types of analytical reports are predictive analytics and intelligent alerts . With AI-powered predictive analytics, it’s possible to visually map out accurate future trends or patterns that will optimize your strategic planning. This level of vision will also allow you to take targeted measures to nip any potential inefficiencies in the bud before they spiral out of control. With intelligent alerts, your reports will inform you when you’ve reached a specific benchmark or any informational abnormalities occur. As a result, you will become exponentially more adaptive, responsive, and able to evolve your analytical efforts.

11. Implement a self-service approach

When it comes to analytical reports, it’s important that every key user or stakeholder can interact with the right insights with minimal support or intervention.

Adopting a self-service approach will empower everyone in the business to explore, examine, and extract valuable information that will optimize their abilities and ultimately, push the business forward. The right type of analysis report tool will make your data accessible while presenting each metric in a way that offers maximum value across the board. As a result, everyone will benefit from your company’s most pivotal data.

12. Gather internal feedback from your stakeholders

Once your analytical reporting tool is up and running, gathering feedback from every relevant stakeholder is vital to ensure ongoing success.

When working with such instruments, it’s critical to get your initial design and formatting correct—but it’s equally important to focus on continual maintenance.

By holding focus groups and workshops (or requesting online feedback) split into two main segments—your internal users and external stakeholders who you present your discoveries to—you will identify any gaps (both functional and informational) in your analytical report format (or formats).

Regardless of your sector or industry, adopting this mindset is vital, as it will ensure your data remains accessible and every single facet of your dashboard helps your users perform to the best of their abilities.

13. Keep on moving, improving, and evolving

Expanding on our previous point: once you’re up and running with your business analysis report and everyone is on board, moving with the landscape around you is vital.

Make a point of checking in with your analysis report format, design, and KPIs on a frequent basis. Consider whether the visualizations and benchmarks you’re using still represent the industry around you as well as the phase of the journey you’re currently on.

If you’ve found that you’ve suddenly scaled your business, for instance, you might find that you need to realign your core organizations and perhaps drill down deeper into your recruitment, talent retention, and fulfillment data.

The point here is that if you want to keep winning through business intelligence, committing to changing, and evolving your efforts continually is the best way forward.

14. Think about privacy and security

In the age of information, having watertight cybersecurity policies is of paramount importance — especially when you’re working with data.

That said, when you’re building an analysis report template or working with analytical software, prioritizing privacy as well as security is critical. It’s important to create your reports using dashboards with in-built features or functionality that will protect your (or your consumers’) most sensitive data from devastating attacks, breaches, or leaks. Plus, placing privacy at the very top of your analytical priority list will ensure you remain compliant concerning legislation like GDPR and CCPA.

Benefit From These 22 Analytical Report Examples

Many industries are discovering that analytical reports are essential for healthy and consistent business development across the board. These 22 strikingly different but equally powerful analysis report examples prove it.

Let’s take a look at them, one by one.

1. Healthcare: How can we reduce the patients waiting time in our hospital?

**click to enlarge**

Primary KPIs:

• Treatment Costs
• ER Wait Time
• Patient Wait Time

Next, we look at an analysis report sample in the health and wellbeing sector. The healthcare dashboard above emphasizes healthcare metrics that combine historical information, and statistics and delve deeper into the analysis of trends, therefore, it can serve as a fundamental part of generating future decisions that are important to run and modify a successful hospital strategy. Although big data in healthcare is becoming expansive and increasing in the variety of information it can provide, it also uses reports in the form of a dashboard (like the one above) so that every piece of information generated has its own measurement and quality of evidence. The average waiting time by division can clearly increase the effectiveness of different hospital departments if used correctly. Also, the number of patients can explain why some divisions have a bigger amount of waiting time, and, therefore, propose a solution to reduce it, and also reduce costs that directly affect the department.

This metric is important for the finance department, but the holistic view of all the informational scopes created and presented in this arrangement will assist management in making better decisions. The image above can also serve as an analytical report template, which can then be used as a roadmap to a successful hospital strategy.

2. Sales: How to exceed targets next year?

The next analysis report example comes from the sales industry.

• Sales Growth
• Sales Target
• Acquisition Cost

This sales dashboard combines a lot of important KPIs, like the average weekly revenue, customer acquisition cost, and yearly overview of the revenue and profit. You can even go further and interactively explore these units on a daily, weekly, monthly, or quarterly time frame. The importance lies within the interpretation of big data compiled into just one central hub and a quick summary of the crucial factors that a sales report should have.

The sales target is exceeded by 115%, which means that managers can quickly conclude their targets are on track, provide feedback to their team and generate more ideas on how to proceed with the next steps of a strategy. Incorporating this kind of report into a business practice can bring value to a company, as smart KPIs are presented in a clear and efficient way. Combining these indicators, which provide straightforward evidence and an overview of the overall strategy, managers can reduce operational costs and set additional targets on how to decrease customer acquisition costs, which is one of the main goals of any solid strategy.

We can go even deeper on a monthly level.

This monthly report combines data of sales reps, their whole funnel, the average length of stages within their journey, and the average cycle length. You can see the single efficiency and conversion rates of a specific manager or representative, and gather information on the number of opportunities, proposals, negotiations, and closing times each one had. This sharp series of sales charts and analyses can project evidence of an effective selling cycle, meaning each member of a team can visually see their part of the strategy and make decisions based on the presented data. Since these kinds of reports can be used by different teams and stakeholders, the important value of clear analysis and numbers can define future actions while analyzing current data.

3. Marketing: Where should we allocate our budget?

Our third example of an analytical report comes from marketing. Digital marketing KPIs have expanded since the use of digital media has entered the marketing scene and reports have become more broad and detailed. Although you can combine your tracking KPIs into a single spreadsheet, it is often more useful to have a clear overview of specific campaigns, return on investment, cost per click, or landing page conversion rate.

• Traffic Sources
• Conversion Rate
• Bounce Rate

This data analysis report template shows a perfect overview of web analytics metrics. It quickly shows the total amount of visits, average session duration, bounce rate, page views, and the total goal conversion rate. Based on this info, a marketing department can quickly grasp into their analytics and conclude whether to make changes to their strategy or make an additional decision for a specific campaign. Monitoring traffic sources can easily define where to invest more or less, and the systematization of top campaigns, channels, and conversions can easily provide evidence of historical data based on the last year’s performance, or a weekly rundown of trends. This kind of marketing dashboard can bring consuming writing and exporting documents into the pains of the past since the dynamics of digital reports have gone into the future of the digital age.

4. Finance: How can we reduce the operating expenses ratio?

The fourth in our examples of analytical reports comes from the finance sector.

• Return on Assets
• Return on Equity
• Working Capital

This financial dashboard is a simple representation of how you can meet all your financial objectives in one analytical report, as it combines: gross profit margin, operating expenses ratio, operating profit margin, and net profit margin. All these indicators offer valuable and succinct insights into one central point of access which can be then analyzed in more detail by providing data and, therefore, a base for making future decisions. After seeing this visual representation of the most important performance indicators, stakeholders, managers, or employees can benefit from insights and decide whether to reduce the operating expenses or take action into developing a new strategy to increase revenue and profit.

5. FMCG: How do we make our supply chain more efficient?

Our next sample comes in the form of our FMCG dashboard . A business analysis report focused on fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG), this report sample is ideal for businesses turning over large amounts of inventory on a regular basis.

• Out of Stock Rate (OOF)
• Delivered On-Time & In-Full (OTIF)
• Average Time To Sell
• Percentage of Sold Products Within Freshness Data

Boasting a cohesive mix of supply chain metrics designed to give business owners the capabilities to develop efficient strategies for streamlining their stock handling and fulfillment activities, this analytical report sample offers both at-a-glance and long-term strategic performance indicators based on average selling times and out-of-stock rates, among other invaluable nuggets of information.

This is a powerful report that will save you time and money while significantly improving both your supplier and consumer relationships in the long run.

6. Market research: How is our brand awareness? 

This analysis report template is based on improving your business’s market research strategies to gather critical insights using a more efficient, effective, and value-driven approach.

• Unaided Brand Awareness
• Aided Brand Awareness
• Brand Image
• Celebrity Analysis

An analysis report format offers a two-fold solution — the mix of KPIs featured within this real-time dashboard can help businesses across industries boost their brand awareness and leverage influencer relationships while collecting market insights that will help in the development of smarter, more results-driven marketing and communication initiatives.

This is a visual tool that will help you create a brand image that resonates with your target audience while taking advantage of business-boosting opportunities across a range of mediums, from email to social media and beyond.

7. Manufacturing: How efficient are my costs and processes?

• Asset Turnover
• Maintenance Costs

This balanced analysis report offers an at-a-glance snapshot of all core manufacturing metrics related to costs over a set period.

In today’s fast-paced, hyperconnected world, manufacturing companies or departments are under enormous pressure to fulfill high-quality products that meet stringent QC regulations while keeping costs at a consistent minimum.

Equipped with charts that display accessible financial trends, this analysis report is designed to give manufacturing decision-makers the tools to assess KPIs such as unit costs and return on assets swiftly and confidently. By using this key data report template, you will strike the perfect balance of quality, consistency, and financial efficiency – the operational sweet spot. 

8. Support Team: Are we meeting our customers’ needs?

• First Contact Resolution Rate
• Utilization Rate
• Net Promoter Score

In an age where customer service and experience are considered even more important than price or product, you cannot afford to be complacent with your support efforts. That’s where this data report template comes in.

This support-centric Zendesk dashboard will help you optimize your support team for continual success. The analysis report example offers an overview of general customer support KPIs such as Net Promoter Score (NPS), first contact resolution rate, and the amount of open and unassigned support tickets for a 30 days period. Among these, it displays an interactive chart showcasing the individual performance of your support agents, like this you can reward the employees with better numbers and help or incentivize the ones with lower ones.  By tracking and measuring your support success you will gain the ability to make strategic decisions to make your service department incredibly efficient. 

9. Procurement cost: Can I improve my return on investment?

• Cost of Purchase Order
• Procurement Cost Reduction
• Procurement Cost Avoidance
• Procurement ROI

This procurement-based analysis platform is focused on costs and purchases. The design showcases interactive charts tracking metrics like the cost of the purchase order, cost reduction, cost savings, cost avoidance, and procurement ROI, all of them displaying the actual number and a 5 years trend. In addition, you can see a detailed breakdown of the cost reductions, cost savings, and avoidance, among cost reductions related to suppliers.   

By drilling down into this cohesive mix of procurement KPIs , it’s possible to omit any unnecessary costs from your procurement processes while understanding the ROI of specific items within your inventory. Tracking these metrics regularly will enable you to optimize every element of your procurement chain, ensuring that your efforts are not only value-driven but also won’t drain your budget with minimal gain. This is an essential data analysis report example for businesses across industries.

10. Employee performance: How well is my team doing?

HR is one of the beating hearts of your business. Keeping your employees engaged and motivated will improve your productivity levels significantly. This HR-centric data analysis template will help you do just that.

• Absenteeism Rate
• Overtime Hours
• Training Costs
• Employee Productivity

Built to track labor effectiveness and absenteeism as well as staff productivity, overtime rates, and labor costs, this detailed tool will ensure your talent remains engaged while operating to the best of its abilities. Tracking these HR KPIs frequently will help you provide support, resources, or training where required while tackling any inefficiencies or staff-related issues head-on with a productive, valuable solution. This is a tool that will create continual success and cohesion in every department.

11. Supply chain: Are my operations optimized from end to end?

Historically, businesses across industries have hemorrhaged money with poor, inefficient supply chains and operational bottlenecks. But by taking a data-driven approach to your supply chain-based activities, you can cut out inefficiencies or operational snags.

• Inventory Accuracy
• Inventory Turnover
• Inventory to Sales Ratio

This logistics dashboard is a business analytics report that will help you track turnover, out-of-stock items, and inventory-to-sales ratios with pinpoint accuracy. By doing so, you can reduce redundant supply chain costs while keeping your entire process flowing from end to end. This is an analytics report example designed for sustainable supply chain success.

12. Energy: How sustainable & power-efficient is my business?

Many companies overlook their energy consumption – but it counts. If you have several offices, warehouses, or commercial sites to manage, you will suffer without proficient energy management solutions or strategies.

• Power Cuts & Average Duration
• Consumption by Sector

This energy dashboard allows you to compare your energy consumption to other sectors while gaining vital information on power cut durations, emissions, overall consumption, and costs. Armed with a melting pot of energy usage data, you can use this tool to become more financially efficient as well as greener and more sustainable – which is vital in an increasingly progressive and competitive digital landscape. By putting a data-driven energy management strategy in place, you will make your business more sustainable while reducing your annual costs.

13. YouTube Performance: What content works for my target? 

With customers choosing videos over regular content more and more, brands have the opportunity to give important information in a more engaging and interactive way. For instance, by using explainer videos you can tell your audience about a new product, a service, or even what your brand is about, without putting them through the pain of reading long texts to find the information they need. With this type of content, you can also close more deals and increase conversions by adding extra value to your company.  

Primary KPIs: 

• Audience Retention 

Our YouTube dashboard is an invaluable tool to measure the performance of your video content. It contains detailed charts showcasing forms of engagement metrics such as likes, comments, shares, and views along with two graphs displaying the average audience retention by seconds and the average watch time for the specific video. 

By tracking these metrics you can see the overall outcome of a specific video and compare it with others to understand what kind of content your target audience enjoys the most. In addition, by looking at the average watch time you can get a notion of how long your videos should be to keep the viewers entertained. This will lead to an optimization of resources and better content for your audience. 

14. IT CTO: are your high-level tech-centric decisions working?

The role of a CTO is high-pressure and all-encompassing. The execution, rollout, and development of technology within a company have a direct impact on its ongoing success. That said, as a CTO, your decisions must be swift, razor-sharp, and built for consistent growth.

Our slick CTO IT dashboard is designed to provide senior tech decision-makers with access to quality high-level metrics at a quick glance.

• Number of Critical Bugs
• Reopened Tickets
• Accuracy of Estimates
• New Developed Features
• Team Attrition Rate

With a balanced design and a wealth of visual information including critical IT KPIs such as user trends, critical bug quantifications, team attrition rates, newly developed features, and more, here you have everything at your disposal to act at the moment while formulating business-boosting strategies in a number of key technological areas.

15. CMO: how can I drive more efficiency from my campaigns?

The next of our dynamic analytical reports examples is for a company's CMO. Marketing and communications are key in delivering consistent brand messaging to specific segments of your audience across a wealth of channels. It's a colossal task, and if done right, it can bring exponential value to any business.

• Sales Target & Growth
• Website-Traffic-to-Lead Ratio
• Cost per Lead
• Lead-to-MQL Ratio
• MQL-to-SQL Ratio

This highly-informative analytical report template is built to provide busy CMOs or senior marketers with the insight to measure campaign success with pinpoint accuracy while managing budgets and ensuring the best possible return on marketing investment (ROMI) with every promotional initiative.

The information delivered by this template also offers a level of insight that will ultimately improve the collaboration between sales and marketing departments.

16. Customer retention: how can I inspire customer loyalty?

In our hyper-connected digital age, consumers are well and truly in the driver’s seat. As such, taking measures to improve customer retention and loyalty is critical to your business’s ongoing growth.

• Customer Churn
• Net Retention Rate
• Revenue Churn
• MRR Growth Rate

Not only are existing customers more cost-effective to maintain, but a loyal consumer will also act as a brand advocate, which, in turn, will expand your brand reach further with minimal effort. This retention dashboard will give you a clear insight into your levels of churn, retention, and growth, making it easy to target any potential issues affecting loyalty.

Armed with this invaluable information, you can set about developing strategies that will reduce your customer churn across every relevant channel and touchpoint.

17. Content quality: can I improve the impact of my communications?

Content is everything in the digital age of business. Without delivering a consistent flow of quality content that enlightens, helps, or inspires your audience, you will eventually come to a grinding halt.

• Flesch Reading Ease
• Average Comments per Article
• Story Turnaround Time

Our panoramic analytical report sample provides professional reporting based on the accessibility, efficiency, and engagement of your business’s content.

Working with these critical insights, you will ensure your content reads naturally while discovering new ways to reduce turnaround time and gaining a clear understanding of the type of articles, mediums, or ideas that resonate most with your audience, driving better results in the process.

18. IT costs: how can I optimize my expenditure & boost ROI?

As the very backbone of any forward-thinking organization, the IT department is responsible for keeping the whole ecosystem ticking. But, with so many processes and applications to consider, budgets can become strained.

• IT Costs Break Down
• IT Costs vs Revenue

This expense-oriented analytical report example is visually balanced and offers a vivid breakdown of the entire department's costs, revenue, and ROI over a monthly, quarterly, or annual timeframe. Not only is it possible to map out your budget versus spending over a specific period, but you can also pinpoint exactly where you’re spending most of your budget.

Gaining a firm visual grasp of your IT costs breakdown, you can take strategic measures to drive down any fiscal inefficiencies while distributing your resources in a way that is more balanced and built for sustainable success. One of the most striking features of this analysis report sample is the fact that you can keep a close eye on your department's overall ROI with a quick glance. As a result, you will keep your IT department operating at maximum efficiency while earning the very best returns for your ongoing efforts.

19. Retail optimization: how can I streamline my marketing and selling activities?

Retail is an ultra-competitive but incredibly rewarding industry — as long as you have the right strategy in place. To develop a sustainable strategy that results in continual growth and evolution, sweating the right data is key — that’s where analytics reporting comes in.

• Website Traffic/Foot Traffic
• Sell-Through Rate
• Retail Conversion Rate
• Monthly Revenue Per Employee

As an analytical report template designed to help stretched retail brands take charge of their most impactful data, this retail dashboard drills down into trend-based KPIs, including web or foot traffic, sell-through rates, conversions, GMROI, and revenue.

Armed with this melting pot of information, you can track the ongoing balance between your investments and returns while making accurate comparisons on inventory received versus sold. Gaining access to real-time data based on revenue per employee as well as traffic and cart abandonment rates will give you the capacity to optimize every phase of your consumer-facing retail journey for complete success. Working in close collaboration with this insightful analysis report format will result in consistently solid conversion rates while preserving the financial integrity of your physical or online store.

20. Google Analytics optimization: how can I drive greater analytical conclusions from the platform?

Google Analytics (GA) is one of the most rewarding data-driven platforms and offers a wealth of consumer-facing intelligence for brands across any niche or vertical imaginable. But, with so many using GA to improve the digital experiences they offer, cutting through the noise can prove challenging.

• Sessions and Users
• New and Returning Visitors
• Goal Conversion Rate

An analytical report format designed to offer additional depth and context when using the platform, our Google Analytics dashboard will help you pinpoint exactly where and how in your digital journey you can drive consumer engagement.

With dynamic KPIs including sessions and users, new and returning visitors, bounce rates, and goal conversion rates on the visual menu, here you can dig deeper into essential pockets of data that will boost your regional, as well as international, success. Harnessing this essential data, along with the dashboard’s superior machine learning capabilities and drill-down functions, you can optimize your user flows, consumer content, and multi-channel marketing strategies for success across the board.

21. Facebook marketing: how do I improve engagement & boost brand awareness with my content?

Facebook remains one of the world’s most popular and actively subscribed-to social media platforms. By understanding your Facebook audience on a deeper level, you will unlock the key to knowing which type of content earns the best rates of engagement.

• Number of Fans
• Follower Demographics
• Page Views by Sources
• Actions on Page

This particular analytical report sample is visually striking and offers a granular breakdown of key Facebook engagement metrics, including page views by source, on-page actions, fan numbers, and follower demographics.

Each informational element in this Facebook dashboard works in harmony to provide the tools necessary to create communications that appeal to specific audience segments while understanding where your content is leading your Facebook users. If you discover, for instance, that your Facebook posts are prompting a healthy number of website clicks but a consistently low level of desired CTA clicks, you can reassess the times you’re posting, as well as the content or sentiment of your messaging, to drive more social conversions.

Here, you have everything you need to level up your Facebook marketing strategy in one accessible analytical report outline — an essential tool for any ambitious modern company.

22. Procurement analytics: how can I optimize every key phase of my procurement funnel?

If you deal in tangible goods, your procurement strategy will dictate many core aspects of your organizational efficiency and flow.

• Supplier Quality Rating
• Vendor Rejection Rate & Costs
• Emergency Purchase Ratio
• Purchases In Time & Budget
• Spend Under Management

This data analysis report example is equipped with interactive KPIs that will help you appraise the quality of your suppliers, along with any associated operational costs, with pinpoint accuracy. Working with this powerful procurement dashboard will also empower you to uncover key patterns related to your ongoing expenditures throughout the year while drilling down into your emergency purchases ratio.

Here you can set actionable benchmarks for every key component of your procurement strategy while identifying any suppliers or parts of your process that might be draining your budget. Tracking your vendor costs and rejection rates will also play a pivotal role in your ability to examine your ongoing quality management strategies. As a result, you can reassess your supplier relationships while ensuring you keep the entire chain flowing from end to end.

Analytical Reporting Mistakes to Avoid

We’ve looked at an official analytical report definition and explored various types of analytical tools—we’ve even walked through a comprehensive list of samples. Now, let’s look at the essential mistakes you should avoid when generating them.

• Not knowing your goals and objectives

The first cardinal sin of analysis-based report building is not taking ample time to work through your core business goals or objectives in a collaborative environment. Without looking at your existing functions and setting actionable goals or outcomes, you will choose the wrong metrics and essentially analyze information that offers very little value to the growth of your business. The bottom line? Do not skip this vital phase of the operation. Set aside ample time for goal setting and make sure that you involve the relevant personnel or stakeholders.

• Not considering your users or audience

The next mistake boils down to a failure of considering your end-users and those who will need to read your reports. Think about what various users across different departments will need in terms of KPIs, visualizations, and access to perform better at their roles while ensuring your templates are set up for external stakeholders to understand the information before them and you will ensure your efforts deliver maximum results across the board, all while building collaborative bonds.

• Choosing style over substance

W hen designing your dashboards, you should never choose style over substance. Making your design visually appealing is good, but you should never prioritize aesthetics over practicality. Work through your reports in detail and ensure every relevant strand of information is clear, accessible, and fully interactive to ensure the best (and most informational) user experience possible. Refer to our design tips in the report building section for inspiration.

• Not providing training

Developing wonderful data templates is all well and good, but without training everyone within the business, your efforts will offer little value. That said, you must run workshops on your new data tools and make sure that everyone in the business understands why they should use them as well as how to use them to the best of their abilities. No exceptions, no compromises.

By avoiding these key mistakes, you will ensure that every analysis-centric report you write will improve business intelligence across the business. And in doing so, you will thrive.

Takeaways From Analytical Reports

The digital age has transformed the way we interact with the world around us. Now, businesses across sectors have the power to collect, curate, and interpret data in a way that improves intelligence and accelerates success. In this bold new world, BI tools have emerged as must-have tools for getting and staying ahead in a competitive digital landscape.

After asking the question, “What is an analytical report” and exploring an official definition, looking at a mix of real-world samples, and drilling down into how to make an analysis report, it’s clear that these dynamic, interactive, and highly visual displays offer no end of the business-boosting value.

We’ve uncovered an official analytical report definition, and explored a wealth of analytical reports examples and the data-driven benefits are clear.  It’s easy to see how these kinds of reports can be used across industries by offering actionable insights that cover a host of departments, activities, and internal functions. Using BI dashboard tools will ensure that you stay on top of today’s market while reducing operational costs and propelling yourself ahead of the competition with powerful data-driven initiatives. 

An online data visualization tool, coupled with the right analytical reports examples, can help track the specific and holistic progress of your company and improve your decision-making. Welcome to the future.

If you want to start rocking your reports today, try datapine for a 14-day trial . It’s time to take your data to the next level.

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How to Write the Best Analytical Report (+ 6 Examples!)

Creating an analytical report from scratch doesn’t need to be a time-consuming process. In this guide, you’ll learn how to present data in a report that excites clients to read.

What is an Analytical Report?

How to write an analytical report, analytical report examples.

• - Executive Report Template
• - Digital Marketing Report Template
• - SEO Report Template
• - Ecommerce Report Template
• - Social Media Report Template
• - PPC Report Template

Create Your Analytical Report On DashThis Today

An analytical report is a business report for stakeholders to determine the best course of action. 

For instance, a CMO might review a business executive analytical report to identify a specific issue caused by the pandemic before adapting an existing marketing strategy.

Marketers often use business intelligence tools to create these informational reports.

In terms of layout, these types of business reports could range from text-heavy documents (e.g., Google Docs with screenshots, Excel spreadsheets) to visual presentations.

Go on, do a quick search on Google. You’ll see that many marketers create these text-heavy documents with a formal writing style. It’s also common to see a table of contents on the first page. 

In some cases, like this analytical report example below, it’s a spreadsheet chock-full of numbers and screenshots.

On the flip side, we have the visual-driven analysis report that wows clients at first glance. 

Grab this ecommerce sales analytical report template with your own data!

What you see here is an ecommerce sales report template created from data visualization tools like DashThis. 

Instead of a rush of text that competes for attention, your clients see a collection of beautiful graphs that transform their historical data into actionable insights.

This is made possible by integration and automation. DashThis gathers all your marketing data in one automated report, saving you hours of work. Start your 15-day FREE trial today to create reports in the blink of an eye.

We’re here to squash your worries: 

As a marketer, you don’t need to master every research method on the planet to learn how to create a marketing report . 

That business analysis methodology book you’ve been reading? Go ahead and put it back on the bookshelf. Heck, you don’t even need to learn report writing. Let’s leave predictive analysis and whatnot to the data scientist!

It takes only a few minutes to create an analytical report on DashThis :

• Connect your integration(s) 
• Select a dashboard (either start from scratch or choose a template from our 40+ dashboard examples )
• Pick your desired key performance indicators (KPIs)

When you click a KPI, DashThis automatically gathers the data from the appropriate channel

DashThis allows you to connect all marketing channels in a single report. 

Need to create an SEO and social media report? Just select a dashboard and click your desired KPIs accordingly.

You can also customize the overall look of your analytical report. Whether it’s a client’s logo, color theme, or misplaced metrics, simply click to change or drag and drop as you wish.

Besides dragging and dropping the widgets, you can also duplicate them or add notes to provide more information on a particular trend 

Struggling to explain your insights via email or video? 

Use the Comment widget to recommend your action plan. Clients will be able to review the results and your high-level insights in one place.

The Comment widget works similarly to a standard text editor. You can change the format of the text or add an image to help clients visualize the information.

With an automated marketing reporting tool like DashThis, you never have to wonder how to write an analysis report ever again.

Start your 15-day FREE trial today.

Executive Report Template

An executive report is the crystal ball to every C-suite executive. Here we have a dashboard that instantly informs of the business’s bottom line.

Grab this business executive analytical report with your own data!  

The Highlights tab shows the total revenue in September, breaking down the number of transactions and the cost of each. 

As you scroll down the report, you’ll see a cost vs. revenue comparison chart.

For any executive who wants to speed up decision-making, like adapting their business processes for effective cost containment, these graphs and charts are a bonanza of insights.

Digital Marketing Report Template

According to PFL’s multichannel marketing report in 2020, 77% of marketers report the best response rates when they use four to six marketing channels.  

Should you use these many channels for marketing your business? There's only one way to tell, and it's using a digital marketing dashboard to determine your best-performing channels once and for all.

Grab this digital marketing analytical report with your own data!  

If you want to improve the user experience and understand how customers find you, look no further than these digital marketing KPIs .

SEO Report Template 

SEO can be mind-blogging for folks without expertise. All the more reason you want to create an interactive SEO report while explaining your strategy to clients.

This SEO dashboard shows the breakdown of organic traffic, including conversion rate and the top channels by session.

Grab this SEO and backlinks analytical report with your own data!

It’s a breeze to back up your SEO strategies with a visual dashboard. 

For instance, if you’d been using different techniques for different landing pages, you can easily show clients how these results stack up against each other, along with your proposed solutions,  to improve their rankings.

Ecommerce Report Template

Google Analytics is the secret weapon to growing your ecommerce store. 

Note how the ecommerce report below untangles large amounts of information by transforming them into comprehensible pie charts and graphs.

Grab this ecommerce analytical report with your own data!  

This ecommerce dashboard gives you a complete view of your ecommerce metrics . 

For example, the top-performing landing pages help you figure out how to improve them to get more customers to check out.

Social Media Report Template

When it comes to social media, it’s all about building awareness and turning customers into advocates. 

In our second last analytical report example, we see a multi-channel report featuring Twitter and Instagram.

Grab this social media analytical report with your own data!  

This dashboard goes beyond displaying social media KPIs . Did you spot the display ad with an image at the bottom? It helps clients see their posts in action.

PPC Report Template 

No client wants to waste their ad budget on the wrong customers. In this PPC dashboard, we see the most critical Google Ads metrics that show whether you’re earning better ROAs.

Grab this PPC analytical report with your own data!  

With the insights you’ve gathered in this report—from demographics targeting and structuring ad groups—you’ll know how to reap higher returns on your PPC ad spend.

You should create a data analysis report before adapting any business strategy.

Not only does it prove your results and back up recommendations to clients, but it also helps these decision-makers to make informed decisions. 

Back then, we used to go through multiple hoops to create reports. Gather data from seven different channels, take screenshots, paste said screenshots into a word doc, and download as a PDF. 

It takes too long. Worse, it looks unprofessional.

Fortunately, automated reporting tools make it a snap. 

DashThis connects all marketing channels in a single report. From Facebook and YouTube to Google Search Console and Ahrefs, you can finally create analytical reports that excite clients to read.

Start your 15-day FREE trial today .

DashThis is the power behind thousands of reporting dashboards created by and delivered for agencies and digital marketers every month. 

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Company Overview

Investment thesis, other considerations, the bottom line.

• Corporate Finance
• Financial Analysis

How to Read a Financial Analysis Report

The process of putting an analysis down in writing can be instrumental in making sure as many stones as possible have been turned over when researching a company. Famed investor Peter Lynch , who's credited with coining that phrase, has also been quoted as saying that “the person that turns over the most rocks wins the game. And that's always been my philosophy.”   Below is an overview of the major sections to consider when writing a financial analysis report on a company.

Key Takeaways

A financial analysis report should include at least the following sections:

• Company overview: A general description of the company to help investors understand the basics of the business
• Investment thesis: The positive and negative factors of any investments that can drive a bullish or bearish position.
• Valuation: A valuation of the stock and comparison with the market price
• Key risks: A list of negative factors that can weigh down the valuation of the company's stock

A report should start with a description of the company in order to help investors understand the business, its industry, its motivation, and any edge it might have over its competitors. These factors can prove invaluable in helping to explain why a company might be a profitable investment or not. A firm’s annual report , 10-K filing or quarterly 10-Q with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) provide ideal starting points; it is surprising how rare it is for industry experts to refer to original company filings for important details. More valuable detail can be obtained from industry trade journals, reports from key rivals, and other analyst reports.

To also capture key fundamentals to describe a company, look to Michael Porter. The Porter’s Five Forces model helps explain a company’s place within its industry. Specifically, the factors include the threat for new entrants entering the market, the threat for substitute products or services, the extent to which suppliers are able to influence the company and the intensity of rivalry among existing competitors.

The motivation for a bullish or bearish stance on a company goes into this section. It can come at the top of a report and include parts of a company overview, but regardless of its position, it should cover the key investment positives and negatives.

A fundamental analysis , which can also be broken out into its own section, contains research on the firm’s financial statements, such as sales and profit growth trends, cash flow generation strength, debt levels and overall liquidity , and how this compares to the competition.

No detail is too small in this section; it can also cover efficiency ratios like the primary components in the cash conversion cycle , turnover ratios , and a detailed breakdown of return on equity components, such as the DuPont identity , which will break ROE into three to five different metrics .

The most important component of analyzing past trends is to synthesize them into a forecast of the company’s performance. No analyst has a crystal ball, but the best ones can accurately extrapolate past trends into the future, or decide which factors are the most important in defining success for a company going forward.

The most important part of any financial analysis is to come to an independent value for the stock and compare this to the market price . There are three primary valuation techniques:

• The first and arguably most fundamental technique is to estimate a company’s future cash flows and discount them back to the future at an estimated discount rate . This is generally referred to as a discounted cash flow analysis.
• The second is called relative value, where the fundamental metrics and valuation ratios ( price-to-sales , price-to-earnings , P/E to growth, etc.) are compared to competitors. Another comparison analysis is to look at what other rivals have been bought out for or the price paid for an acquisition.
• The third and last technique is to look at book value and try to estimate what a company might be worth if broken up or liquidated . A book value analysis is especially insightful for financial sector stocks, for instance.

This section can be part of the bull/bear story in the investment thesis, but it's meant to detail key factors that may derail either a bullish or bearish stance. The loss of patent protection for a blockbuster drug for a pharmaceutical company is a great example of a factor that can weigh heavily on the valuation of its underlying stock. Other considerations include the sector in which the firm operates. For example, the technology industry is marked by short product life cycles , which can make it hard for a firm to keep its edge following a successful product release.

The above sections could prove sufficient, but depending on the stones uncovered during a financial analysis, other new sections might be warranted. Sections covering corporate governance , the political environment or nearer-term news flow, might be worthy of a fuller analysis. Basically, anything important that can impact the future value of a stock should exist somewhere within the report.

What Is a 10-K?

A 10-K is a report required by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and filed annually by any publicly traded company. It's a comprehensive report on the company's financial performance that goes into much more detail than the annual report.

What Is the Best Valuation Method of Stock?

The most theoretically sound valuation method of stock is the discounted cash flow (DCF) method or income valuation, although the most common technique is the price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio.

What Are Some examples of Financial Risks?

Credit risk, operational risk, liquidity risk, asset-backed risk, foreign investment risk, equity risk, currency risk, and legal risk are all common forms of financial risk that should be listed on a financial analysis report.

The performance of the underlying company is most certainly to drive the performance of its stock or bonds in the future. Other derivative securities, such as futures and options, will also depend on an underlying investment, be it a commodity or a company. Figuring out the key drivers to the performance of a stock and putting it down in writing can be an invaluable endeavor for any investor, regardless of if a formal research report is needed.

The Wharton School. " Stock Superstar Who Beat The Street, Peter S. Lynch, WG '68 ."

Harvard Business School. " The Five Forces ."

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16 BEST Analysis Report Templates [WORD, EXCEL, PDF]

An analysis report template is a ready-to-use document that lets you develop an analysis for your business or company in fewer minutes. An analysis report can be explained as a document having a comprehensive summary of the results of your research regarding a particular subject, project, problem, or situation and also provides a complete list of the main conclusions drawn from your tests and examinations. This is the perfect place to download multiple free analysis report templates.

Analysis reports are usually used in professional fields of life to evaluate different assumptions and also to take beneficial decisions based on facts. Analysis reports are different in type and can serve a variety of different purposes to the analyst. For example, a risk analysis report is prepared by individual persons, businesses, and companies to define and analyze the dangers to individual persons, businesses, and organizations posed by potential natural and human-caused adverse events and situations. Always try to use a perfect format and layout when writing an analysis report.

FREE Analysis Report Templates:

When writing an analysis report, putting the details about the analysis and the results into an understandable format is a big task to accomplish efficiently. Writing an analysis report is somewhat completely different from other kinds of professional writing that you may have done or seen in day-to-day life. It is not the same as writing a report for a class project, because one must have technical writing skills and expertise to write an analysis report effectively.

Availability of data and information is not enough to write a good analysis report but putting them into a professional format is also most important to give the report a professional appearance. Having a proper format on hand makes the analysis report writing process easier for everyone even if he or she is doing this very first time. try to use our skillfully produced analysis report template if you feel that your mind is empty when writing an analysis report either for personal or professional use. We do hope that you will like these free analysis report templates.

Download Analysis Report Templates WORD & EXCEL:

Sample data analysis report template.

Company’s Analysis Report Template WORD

Ratio Analysis Report Excel Sheet Template

Detailed Analysis Reporting Template

Sample Purchase Analysis Report in XLSX Format

School’s Data Analysis Report Template

Company’s Purchase Analysis Report Template

Free Editable Analysis Report Template

Download Analysis Report Templates PDF:

Free printable qualitative analysis report template.

Portfolio Analysis Report Sample PDF

System Analysis Report Example

Official Technical Analysis Report Template

Departmental Job Analysis Report Template

Blank Impact Analysis Report Template

Strategic Foresight Analysis Report Template

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How to Quickly & Effectively Read an Annual Report

• 04 Jun 2020

Intelligent investing requires analyzing a vast amount of information about a company to determine its financial health. Armed with this information, an investor can better understand how much risk might be involved with backing a company based on how well it’s performed historically, in recent quarters, and toward its financial targets.

Exactly where this information comes from depends on the specific company that’s being invested in, but typically requires several financial statements, including a balance sheet, cash flow statement, and income statement.

In addition to these documents, most investors look forward to reviewing a company’s annual report—a collection of financial information and analysis that can prove invaluable in evaluating the health of a company.

If you’re not an investor, but an employee working within a corporation, the annual report can impart valuable information pertinent to your career. Understanding how your company is performing and the impact your actions have had on its business objectives can help you advocate for a promotion or other form of career advancement .

If you’re unfamiliar with what goes into an annual report, there’s some good news: You don’t need to be a financial expert to get value out of the document or understand the messaging in it.

Here’s an overview of the different information you’ll find in an annual report and how you can put it to use.

Access your free e-book today.

What Is an Annual Report?

An annual report is a publication that a public corporation is required by law to publish annually. It describes the company’s operations and financial conditions so that current and potential shareholders can make informed decisions about investing in it.

The annual report is often split into two sections, or halves.

The first section typically includes a narrative of the company’s performance over the previous year, as well as forward-looking statements: Letters to shareholders from the chief executive officer, chief financial officer, and other key figures, as well as graphics, photos, and charts.

The second section strips the narrative out of the picture and presents a variety of financial documents and statements.

Unlike other pieces of financial data—and because they include editorial and storytelling—annual reports are typically professionally designed and used as marketing collateral. Annual reports are sent to shareholders every year before an annual shareholder meeting and election of the board of directors, and often accessible to the public via the company’s website.

Annual Report vs. 10-K Report

Annual reports aren’t the only documents public companies are required to publish yearly. The US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) requires public firms also to produce a 10-K report , which informs investors of a business’s financial status before they buy or sell shares.

While there’s similar data in both an annual and 10-K report, the two documents are separate.

10-K reports are organized per SEC guidelines and include full descriptions of a company’s fiscal activity, corporate agreements, risks, opportunities, current operations, executive compensation, and market activity. You can also find detailed discussions of operations for the year, as well as a full analysis of the industry and marketplace.

Because of this, 10-K reports are longer and denser than annual reports, and have strict filing requirements—they must be filed with the SEC between 60 to 90 days after the end of a company’s fiscal year.

If you need to review a 10-K report, you can find it on the SEC website .

What Information Is Contained In An Annual Report?

An annual report typically consists of:

• Letters to shareholders: These documents provide a broad overview of the company’s activities and performance over the course of the year, as well as a reflection on its general business environment. An annual report usually includes a shareholder letter from the CEO or president, and may also contain letters from other key figures, such as the CFO.
• Management’s discussion and analysis (MD&A): This is a detailed analysis of the company’s performance, as conducted by its executives.
• Audited financial statements: These are financial documents that detail the company’s financial performance. Commonly included statements include balance sheets, cash flow statements, income statements, and equity statements.
• A summary of financial data: This refers to any notes or discussions that are pertinent to the financial statements listed above.
• Auditor’s report: This report describes whether the company has complied with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) in preparing its financial statements.
• Accounting policies: This is an overview of the policies the company’s leadership team relied upon in preparing the annual report and financial statements.

What to Look for in an Annual Report

While all the information found in an annual report can be useful to potential investors, the financial statements are particularly valuable, as they provide data that isn’t obscured by any sort of narrative or opinion. Three of the most important financial statements you should evaluate are the balance sheet, cash flow statement, and income statement.

The balance sheet shows a company’s assets, liabilities, and owners’ equity accounts as of a specific date, illustrating its financial position and health.

The income statement shows a company’s revenue and expense accounts for a set period, allowing you to gauge its financial performance. Using trial balances from any two points in time, a business can create an income statement that tells the financial story of the activities for that period.

Cash flow statements provide a detailed picture of what happened to a business’s cash during an accounting period. A cash flow statement shows the different areas in which a company used or received cash, and reconciles the beginning and ending cash balances. Cash flows are important for valuing a business and managing liquidity, and essential to understanding where actual cash is being generated and used. The statement of cash flows gives more detail about the sources of cash inflows and the uses of cash outflows.

These three documents can help you understand the financial health and status of a company, and they’re all included in the annual report. When you read the annual report—including the editorial information—you can gain a better understanding of the business as a whole.

An annual report can help you learn more details about what type of company you work for and how it operates, including:

• Whether it’s able to pay debts as they come due
• Its profits and/or losses year over year
• If and how it’s grown over time
• What it requires to maintain or expand its business
• Operational expenses compared to generated revenues

All of these insights can help you excel in your role, be privy to conversations surrounding the future of the company, and develop into an effective leader .

Critical Information for Investors and Employees Alike

Being able to analyze annual reports can help you gain a clearer picture of where a company sits within its industry and the broader economy, illuminating opportunities and threats.

The best part about learning to read and understand financial information is that you don’t need to be a certified accountant to do so. Start by analyzing financial documents over a set period. Then, when the annual and 10-K reports are published, you can review and understand what leadership is saying about the operational and financial health of your company.

If you’re an investor, knowing how to read an annual report can give you more information from which to base your decision on whether to invest in a company. If you’re an employee within an organization, learning how to read and apply the information contained in an annual report is an essential financial accounting skill that can help you understand your company’s goals and capabilities and, ultimately, further your career.

Do you want to take your career to the next level? Explore Financial Accounting and our other online finance and accounting courses , which can teach you the key financial topics you need to understand business performance and potential. Download our free course flowchart to determine which best aligns with your goals.

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8.5 Writing Process: Creating an Analytical Report

Learning outcomes.

By the end of this section, you will be able to:

• Identify the elements of the rhetorical situation for your report.
• Find and focus a topic to write about.
• Gather and analyze information from appropriate sources.
• Distinguish among different kinds of evidence.
• Draft a thesis and create an organizational plan.
• Compose a report that develops ideas and integrates evidence from sources.
• Give and act on productive feedback to works in progress.

You might think that writing comes easily to experienced writers—that they draft stories and college papers all at once, sitting down at the computer and having sentences flow from their fingers like water from a faucet. In reality, most writers engage in a recursive process, pushing forward, stepping back, and repeating steps multiple times as their ideas develop and change. In broad strokes, the steps most writers go through are these:

• Planning and Organization . You will have an easier time drafting if you devote time at the beginning to consider the rhetorical situation for your report, understand your assignment, gather ideas and information, draft a thesis statement, and create an organizational plan.
• Drafting . When you have an idea of what you want to say and the order in which you want to say it, you’re ready to draft. As much as possible, keep going until you have a complete first draft of your report, resisting the urge to go back and rewrite. Save that for after you have completed a first draft.
• Review . Now is the time to get feedback from others, whether from your instructor, your classmates, a tutor in the writing center, your roommate, someone in your family, or someone else you trust to read your writing critically and give you honest feedback.
• Revising . With feedback on your draft, you are ready to revise. You may need to return to an earlier step and make large-scale revisions that involve planning, organizing, and rewriting, or you may need to work mostly on ensuring that your sentences are clear and correct.

Considering the Rhetorical Situation

Like other kinds of writing projects, a report starts with assessing the rhetorical situation —the circumstance in which a writer communicates with an audience of readers about a subject. As the writer of a report, you make choices based on the purpose of your writing, the audience who will read it, the genre of the report, and the expectations of the community and culture in which you are working. A graphic organizer like Table 8.1 can help you begin.

Summary of Assignment

Write an analytical report on a topic that interests you and that you want to know more about. The topic can be contemporary or historical, but it must be one that you can analyze and support with evidence from sources.

The following questions can help you think about a topic suitable for analysis:

• Why or how did ________ happen?
• What are the results or effects of ________?
• Is ________ a problem? If so, why?
• What are examples of ________ or reasons for ________?
• How does ________ compare to or contrast with other issues, concerns, or things?

Consult and cite three to five reliable sources. The sources do not have to be scholarly for this assignment, but they must be credible, trustworthy, and unbiased. Possible sources include academic journals, newspapers, magazines, reputable websites, government publications or agency websites, and visual sources such as TED Talks. You may also use the results of an experiment or survey, and you may want to conduct interviews.

Consider whether visuals and media will enhance your report. Can you present data you collect visually? Would a map, photograph, chart, or other graphic provide interesting and relevant support? Would video or audio allow you to present evidence that you would otherwise need to describe in words?

Another Lens. To gain another analytic view on the topic of your report, consider different people affected by it. Say, for example, that you have decided to report on recent high school graduates and the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the final months of their senior year. If you are a recent high school graduate, you might naturally gravitate toward writing about yourself and your peers. But you might also consider the adults in the lives of recent high school graduates—for example, teachers, parents, or grandparents—and how they view the same period. Or you might consider the same topic from the perspective of a college admissions department looking at their incoming freshman class.

Quick Launch: Finding and Focusing a Topic

Coming up with a topic for a report can be daunting because you can report on nearly anything. The topic can easily get too broad, trapping you in the realm of generalizations. The trick is to find a topic that interests you and focus on an angle you can analyze in order to say something significant about it. You can use a graphic organizer to generate ideas, or you can use a concept map similar to the one featured in Writing Process: Thinking Critically About a “Text.”

Asking the Journalist’s Questions

One way to generate ideas about a topic is to ask the five W (and one H) questions, also called the journalist’s questions : Who? What? When? Where? Why? How? Try answering the following questions to explore a topic:

Who was or is involved in ________?

What happened/is happening with ________? What were/are the results of ________?

When did ________ happen? Is ________ happening now?

Where did ________ happen, or where is ________ happening?

Why did ________ happen, or why is ________ happening now?

How did ________ happen?

For example, imagine that you have decided to write your analytical report on the effect of the COVID-19 shutdown on high-school students by interviewing students on your college campus. Your questions and answers might look something like those in Table 8.2 :

Asking Focused Questions

Another way to find a topic is to ask focused questions about it. For example, you might ask the following questions about the effect of the 2020 pandemic shutdown on recent high school graduates:

• How did the shutdown change students’ feelings about their senior year?
• How did the shutdown affect their decisions about post-graduation plans, such as work or going to college?
• How did the shutdown affect their academic performance in high school or in college?
• How did/do they feel about continuing their education?
• How did the shutdown affect their social relationships?

Any of these questions might be developed into a thesis for an analytical report. Table 8.3 shows more examples of broad topics and focusing questions.

Gathering Information

Because they are based on information and evidence, most analytical reports require you to do at least some research. Depending on your assignment, you may be able to find reliable information online, or you may need to do primary research by conducting an experiment, a survey, or interviews. For example, if you live among students in their late teens and early twenties, consider what they can tell you about their lives that you might be able to analyze. Returning to or graduating from high school, starting college, or returning to college in the midst of a global pandemic has provided them, for better or worse, with educational and social experiences that are shared widely by people their age and very different from the experiences older adults had at the same age.

Some report assignments will require you to do formal research, an activity that involves finding sources and evaluating them for reliability, reading them carefully, taking notes, and citing all words you quote and ideas you borrow. See Research Process: Accessing and Recording Information and Annotated Bibliography: Gathering, Evaluating, and Documenting Sources for detailed instruction on conducting research.

Whether you conduct in-depth research or not, keep track of the ideas that come to you and the information you learn. You can write or dictate notes using an app on your phone or computer, or you can jot notes in a journal if you prefer pen and paper. Then, when you are ready to begin organizing your report, you will have a record of your thoughts and information. Always track the sources of information you gather, whether from printed or digital material or from a person you interviewed, so that you can return to the sources if you need more information. And always credit the sources in your report.

Kinds of Evidence

Depending on your assignment and the topic of your report, certain kinds of evidence may be more effective than others. Other kinds of evidence may even be required. As a general rule, choose evidence that is rooted in verifiable facts and experience. In addition, select the evidence that best supports the topic and your approach to the topic, be sure the evidence meets your instructor’s requirements, and cite any evidence you use that comes from a source. The following list contains different kinds of frequently used evidence and an example of each.

Definition : An explanation of a key word, idea, or concept.

The U.S. Census Bureau refers to a “young adult” as a person between 18 and 34 years old.

Example : An illustration of an idea or concept.

The college experience in the fall of 2020 was starkly different from that of previous years. Students who lived in residence halls were assigned to small pods. On-campus dining services were limited. Classes were small and physically distanced or conducted online. Parties were banned.

Expert opinion : A statement by a professional in the field whose opinion is respected.

According to Louise Aronson, MD, geriatrician and author of Elderhood , people over the age of 65 are the happiest of any age group, reporting “less stress, depression, worry, and anger, and more enjoyment, happiness, and satisfaction” (255).

Fact : Information that can be proven correct or accurate.

According to data collected by the NCAA, the academic success of Division I college athletes between 2015 and 2019 was consistently high (Hosick).

Interview : An in-person, phone, or remote conversation that involves an interviewer posing questions to another person or people.

During our interview, I asked Betty about living without a cell phone during the pandemic. She said that before the pandemic, she hadn’t needed a cell phone in her daily activities, but she soon realized that she, and people like her, were increasingly at a disadvantage.

Quotation : The exact words of an author or a speaker.

In response to whether she thought she needed a cell phone, Betty said, “I got along just fine without a cell phone when I could go everywhere in person. The shift to needing a phone came suddenly, and I don’t have extra money in my budget to get one.”

Statistics : A numerical fact or item of data.

The Pew Research Center reported that approximately 25 percent of Hispanic Americans and 17 percent of Black Americans relied on smartphones for online access, compared with 12 percent of White people.

Survey : A structured interview in which respondents (the people who answer the survey questions) are all asked the same questions, either in person or through print or electronic means, and their answers tabulated and interpreted. Surveys discover attitudes, beliefs, or habits of the general public or segments of the population.

A survey of 3,000 mobile phone users in October 2020 showed that 54 percent of respondents used their phones for messaging, while 40 percent used their phones for calls (Steele).

• Visuals : Graphs, figures, tables, photographs and other images, diagrams, charts, maps, videos, and audio recordings, among others.

Thesis and Organization

Drafting a thesis.

When you have a grasp of your topic, move on to the next phase: drafting a thesis. The thesis is the central idea that you will explore and support in your report; all paragraphs in your report should relate to it. In an essay-style analytical report, you will likely express this main idea in a thesis statement of one or two sentences toward the end of the introduction.

For example, if you found that the academic performance of student athletes was higher than that of non-athletes, you might write the following thesis statement:

student sample text Although a common stereotype is that college athletes barely pass their classes, an analysis of athletes’ academic performance indicates that athletes drop fewer classes, earn higher grades, and are more likely to be on track to graduate in four years when compared with their non-athlete peers. end student sample text

The thesis statement often previews the organization of your writing. For example, in his report on the U.S. response to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, Trevor Garcia wrote the following thesis statement, which detailed the central idea of his report:

student sample text An examination of the U.S. response shows that a reduction of experts in key positions and programs, inaction that led to equipment shortages, and inconsistent policies were three major causes of the spread of the virus and the resulting deaths. end student sample text

After you draft a thesis statement, ask these questions, and examine your thesis as you answer them. Revise your draft as needed.

• Is it interesting? A thesis for a report should answer a question that is worth asking and piques curiosity.
• Is it precise and specific? If you are interested in reducing pollution in a nearby lake, explain how to stop the zebra mussel infestation or reduce the frequent algae blooms.
• Is it manageable? Try to split the difference between having too much information and not having enough.

Organizing Your Ideas

As a next step, organize the points you want to make in your report and the evidence to support them. Use an outline, a diagram, or another organizational tool, such as Table 8.4 .

Drafting an Analytical Report

With a tentative thesis, an organization plan, and evidence, you are ready to begin drafting. For this assignment, you will report information, analyze it, and draw conclusions about the cause of something, the effect of something, or the similarities and differences between two different things.

Introduction

Some students write the introduction first; others save it for last. Whenever you choose to write the introduction, use it to draw readers into your report. Make the topic of your report clear, and be concise and sincere. End the introduction with your thesis statement. Depending on your topic and the type of report, you can write an effective introduction in several ways. Opening a report with an overview is a tried-and-true strategy, as shown in the following example on the U.S. response to COVID-19 by Trevor Garcia. Notice how he opens the introduction with statistics and a comparison and follows it with a question that leads to the thesis statement (underlined).

student sample text With more than 83 million cases and 1.8 million deaths at the end of 2020, COVID-19 has turned the world upside down. By the end of 2020, the United States led the world in the number of cases, at more than 20 million infections and nearly 350,000 deaths. In comparison, the second-highest number of cases was in India, which at the end of 2020 had less than half the number of COVID-19 cases despite having a population four times greater than the U.S. (“COVID-19 Coronavirus Pandemic,” 2021). How did the United States come to have the world’s worst record in this pandemic? underline An examination of the U.S. response shows that a reduction of experts in key positions and programs, inaction that led to equipment shortages, and inconsistent policies were three major causes of the spread of the virus and the resulting deaths end underline . end student sample text

For a less formal report, you might want to open with a question, quotation, or brief story. The following example opens with an anecdote that leads to the thesis statement (underlined).

student sample text Betty stood outside the salon, wondering how to get in. It was June of 2020, and the door was locked. A sign posted on the door provided a phone number for her to call to be let in, but at 81, Betty had lived her life without a cell phone. Betty’s day-to-day life had been hard during the pandemic, but she had planned for this haircut and was looking forward to it; she had a mask on and hand sanitizer in her car. Now she couldn’t get in the door, and she was discouraged. In that moment, Betty realized how much Americans’ dependence on cell phones had grown in the months since the pandemic began. underline Betty and thousands of other senior citizens who could not afford cell phones or did not have the technological skills and support they needed were being left behind in a society that was increasingly reliant on technology end underline . end student sample text

Body Paragraphs: Point, Evidence, Analysis

Use the body paragraphs of your report to present evidence that supports your thesis. A reliable pattern to keep in mind for developing the body paragraphs of a report is point , evidence , and analysis :

• The point is the central idea of the paragraph, usually given in a topic sentence stated in your own words at or toward the beginning of the paragraph. Each topic sentence should relate to the thesis.
• The evidence you provide develops the paragraph and supports the point made in the topic sentence. Include details, examples, quotations, paraphrases, and summaries from sources if you conducted formal research. Synthesize the evidence you include by showing in your sentences the connections between sources.
• The analysis comes at the end of the paragraph. In your own words, draw a conclusion about the evidence you have provided and how it relates to the topic sentence.

The paragraph below illustrates the point, evidence, and analysis pattern. Drawn from a report about concussions among football players, the paragraph opens with a topic sentence about the NCAA and NFL and their responses to studies about concussions. The paragraph is developed with evidence from three sources. It concludes with a statement about helmets and players’ safety.

student sample text The NCAA and NFL have taken steps forward and backward to respond to studies about the danger of concussions among players. Responding to the deaths of athletes, documented brain damage, lawsuits, and public outcry (Buckley et al., 2017), the NCAA instituted protocols to reduce potentially dangerous hits during football games and to diagnose traumatic head injuries more quickly and effectively. Still, it has allowed players to wear more than one style of helmet during a season, raising the risk of injury because of imperfect fit. At the professional level, the NFL developed a helmet-rating system in 2011 in an effort to reduce concussions, but it continued to allow players to wear helmets with a wide range of safety ratings. The NFL’s decision created an opportunity for researchers to look at the relationship between helmet safety ratings and concussions. Cocello et al. (2016) reported that players who wore helmets with a lower safety rating had more concussions than players who wore helmets with a higher safety rating, and they concluded that safer helmets are a key factor in reducing concussions. end student sample text

Developing Paragraph Content

In the body paragraphs of your report, you will likely use examples, draw comparisons, show contrasts, or analyze causes and effects to develop your topic.

Paragraphs developed with Example are common in reports. The paragraph below, adapted from a report by student John Zwick on the mental health of soldiers deployed during wartime, draws examples from three sources.

student sample text Throughout the Vietnam War, military leaders claimed that the mental health of soldiers was stable and that men who suffered from combat fatigue, now known as PTSD, were getting the help they needed. For example, the New York Times (1966) quoted military leaders who claimed that mental fatigue among enlisted men had “virtually ceased to be a problem,” occurring at a rate far below that of World War II. Ayres (1969) reported that Brigadier General Spurgeon Neel, chief American medical officer in Vietnam, explained that soldiers experiencing combat fatigue were admitted to the psychiatric ward, sedated for up to 36 hours, and given a counseling session with a doctor who reassured them that the rest was well deserved and that they were ready to return to their units. Although experts outside the military saw profound damage to soldiers’ psyches when they returned home (Halloran, 1970), the military stayed the course, treating acute cases expediently and showing little concern for the cumulative effect of combat stress on individual soldiers. end student sample text

When you analyze causes and effects , you explain the reasons that certain things happened and/or their results. The report by Trevor Garcia on the U.S. response to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 is an example: his report examines the reasons the United States failed to control the coronavirus. The paragraph below, adapted from another student’s report written for an environmental policy course, explains the effect of white settlers’ views of forest management on New England.

student sample text The early colonists’ European ideas about forest management dramatically changed the New England landscape. White settlers saw the New World as virgin, unused land, even though indigenous people had been drawing on its resources for generations by using fire subtly to improve hunting, employing construction techniques that left ancient trees intact, and farming small, efficient fields that left the surrounding landscape largely unaltered. White settlers’ desire to develop wood-built and wood-burning homesteads surrounded by large farm fields led to forestry practices and techniques that resulted in the removal of old-growth trees. These practices defined the way the forests look today. end student sample text

Compare and contrast paragraphs are useful when you wish to examine similarities and differences. You can use both comparison and contrast in a single paragraph, or you can use one or the other. The paragraph below, adapted from a student report on the rise of populist politicians, compares the rhetorical styles of populist politicians Huey Long and Donald Trump.

student sample text A key similarity among populist politicians is their rejection of carefully crafted sound bites and erudite vocabulary typically associated with candidates for high office. Huey Long and Donald Trump are two examples. When he ran for president, Long captured attention through his wild gesticulations on almost every word, dramatically varying volume, and heavily accented, folksy expressions, such as “The only way to be able to feed the balance of the people is to make that man come back and bring back some of that grub that he ain’t got no business with!” In addition, Long’s down-home persona made him a credible voice to represent the common people against the country’s rich, and his buffoonish style allowed him to express his radical ideas without sounding anti-communist alarm bells. Similarly, Donald Trump chose to speak informally in his campaign appearances, but the persona he projected was that of a fast-talking, domineering salesman. His frequent use of personal anecdotes, rhetorical questions, brief asides, jokes, personal attacks, and false claims made his speeches disjointed, but they gave the feeling of a running conversation between him and his audience. For example, in a 2015 speech, Trump said, “They just built a hotel in Syria. Can you believe this? They built a hotel. When I have to build a hotel, I pay interest. They don’t have to pay interest, because they took the oil that, when we left Iraq, I said we should’ve taken” (“Our Country Needs” 2020). While very different in substance, Long and Trump adopted similar styles that positioned them as the antithesis of typical politicians and their worldviews. end student sample text

The conclusion should draw the threads of your report together and make its significance clear to readers. You may wish to review the introduction, restate the thesis, recommend a course of action, point to the future, or use some combination of these. Whichever way you approach it, the conclusion should not head in a new direction. The following example is the conclusion from a student’s report on the effect of a book about environmental movements in the United States.

student sample text Since its publication in 1949, environmental activists of various movements have found wisdom and inspiration in Aldo Leopold’s A Sand County Almanac . These audiences included Leopold’s conservationist contemporaries, environmentalists of the 1960s and 1970s, and the environmental justice activists who rose in the 1980s and continue to make their voices heard today. These audiences have read the work differently: conservationists looked to the author as a leader, environmentalists applied his wisdom to their movement, and environmental justice advocates have pointed out the flaws in Leopold’s thinking. Even so, like those before them, environmental justice activists recognize the book’s value as a testament to taking the long view and eliminating biases that may cloud an objective assessment of humanity’s interdependent relationship with the environment. end student sample text

Citing Sources

You must cite the sources of information and data included in your report. Citations must appear in both the text and a bibliography at the end of the report.

The sample paragraphs in the previous section include examples of in-text citation using APA documentation style. Trevor Garcia’s report on the U.S. response to COVID-19 in 2020 also uses APA documentation style for citations in the text of the report and the list of references at the end. Your instructor may require another documentation style, such as MLA or Chicago.

Peer Review: Getting Feedback from Readers

You will likely engage in peer review with other students in your class by sharing drafts and providing feedback to help spot strengths and weaknesses in your reports. For peer review within a class, your instructor may provide assignment-specific questions or a form for you to complete as you work together.

If you have a writing center on your campus, it is well worth your time to make an online or in-person appointment with a tutor. You’ll receive valuable feedback and improve your ability to review not only your report but your overall writing.

Another way to receive feedback on your report is to ask a friend or family member to read your draft. Provide a list of questions or a form such as the one in Table 8.5 for them to complete as they read.

Revising: Using Reviewers’ Responses to Revise your Work

When you receive comments from readers, including your instructor, read each comment carefully to understand what is being asked. Try not to get defensive, even though this response is completely natural. Remember that readers are like coaches who want you to succeed. They are looking at your writing from outside your own head, and they can identify strengths and weaknesses that you may not have noticed. Keep track of the strengths and weaknesses your readers point out. Pay special attention to those that more than one reader identifies, and use this information to improve your report and later assignments.

As you analyze each response, be open to suggestions for improvement, and be willing to make significant revisions to improve your writing. Perhaps you need to revise your thesis statement to better reflect the content of your draft. Maybe you need to return to your sources to better understand a point you’re trying to make in order to develop a paragraph more fully. Perhaps you need to rethink the organization, move paragraphs around, and add transition sentences.

Below is an early draft of part of Trevor Garcia’s report with comments from a peer reviewer:

student sample text To truly understand what happened, it’s important first to look back to the years leading up to the pandemic. Epidemiologists and public health officials had long known that a global pandemic was possible. In 2016, the U.S. National Security Council (NSC) published a 69-page document with the intimidating title Playbook for Early Response to High-Consequence Emerging Infectious Disease Threats and Biological Incidents . The document’s two sections address responses to “emerging disease threats that start or are circulating in another country but not yet confirmed within U.S. territorial borders” and to “emerging disease threats within our nation’s borders.” On 13 January 2017, the joint Obama-Trump transition teams performed a pandemic preparedness exercise; however, the playbook was never adopted by the incoming administration. end student sample text

annotated text Peer Review Comment: Do the words in quotation marks need to be a direct quotation? It seems like a paraphrase would work here. end annotated text

annotated text Peer Review Comment: I’m getting lost in the details about the playbook. What’s the Obama-Trump transition team? end annotated text

student sample text In February 2018, the administration began to cut funding for the Prevention and Public Health Fund at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; cuts to other health agencies continued throughout 2018, with funds diverted to unrelated projects such as housing for detained immigrant children. end student sample text

annotated text Peer Review Comment: This paragraph has only one sentence, and it’s more like an example. It needs a topic sentence and more development. end annotated text

student sample text Three months later, Luciana Borio, director of medical and biodefense preparedness at the NSC, spoke at a symposium marking the centennial of the 1918 influenza pandemic. “The threat of pandemic flu is the number one health security concern,” she said. “Are we ready to respond? I fear the answer is no.” end student sample text

annotated text Peer Review Comment: This paragraph is very short and a lot like the previous paragraph in that it’s a single example. It needs a topic sentence. Maybe you can combine them? end annotated text

annotated text Peer Review Comment: Be sure to cite the quotation. end annotated text

Reading these comments and those of others, Trevor decided to combine the three short paragraphs into one paragraph focusing on the fact that the United States knew a pandemic was possible but was unprepared for it. He developed the paragraph, using the short paragraphs as evidence and connecting the sentences and evidence with transitional words and phrases. Finally, he added in-text citations in APA documentation style to credit his sources. The revised paragraph is below:

student sample text Epidemiologists and public health officials in the United States had long known that a global pandemic was possible. In 2016, the National Security Council (NSC) published Playbook for Early Response to High-Consequence Emerging Infectious Disease Threats and Biological Incidents , a 69-page document on responding to diseases spreading within and outside of the United States. On January 13, 2017, the joint transition teams of outgoing president Barack Obama and then president-elect Donald Trump performed a pandemic preparedness exercise based on the playbook; however, it was never adopted by the incoming administration (Goodman & Schulkin, 2020). A year later, in February 2018, the Trump administration began to cut funding for the Prevention and Public Health Fund at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, leaving key positions unfilled. Other individuals who were fired or resigned in 2018 were the homeland security adviser, whose portfolio included global pandemics; the director for medical and biodefense preparedness; and the top official in charge of a pandemic response. None of them were replaced, leaving the White House with no senior person who had experience in public health (Goodman & Schulkin, 2020). Experts voiced concerns, among them Luciana Borio, director of medical and biodefense preparedness at the NSC, who spoke at a symposium marking the centennial of the 1918 influenza pandemic in May 2018: “The threat of pandemic flu is the number one health security concern,” she said. “Are we ready to respond? I fear the answer is no” (Sun, 2018, final para.). end student sample text

A final word on working with reviewers’ comments: as you consider your readers’ suggestions, remember, too, that you remain the author. You are free to disregard suggestions that you think will not improve your writing. If you choose to disregard comments from your instructor, consider submitting a note explaining your reasons with the final draft of your report.

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Tesla’s Sales Drop, a Sign That Its Grip on the E.V. Market Is Slipping

Sales of the company’s electric cars dropped in the first three months of the year, even as other automakers sold more battery-powered vehicles.

By Jack Ewing and Neal E. Boudette

Tesla appeared to be losing command of the market it effectively created after it reported a stunning drop in quarterly sales on Tuesday, raising fresh questions about Elon Musk’s leadership of the company.

The sales decline caught investors off guard as rivals like BYD of China and Kia and Hyundai of South Korea reported increases in electric vehicle sales, suggesting that slower overall demand for battery-powered models was not the only explanation for Tesla’s problems.

Tesla pioneered the market for electric vehicles with its Model 3 sedan and Model Y sport utility vehicle, which proved that battery-powered cars could be appealing, practical and profitable. The cars revolutionized the auto industry and forced established carmakers to develop their own electric models.

But the market is evolving in ways that may not favor Tesla. In contrast to the early adopters who fueled Tesla’s rise, mainstream buyers may be put off by the vehicles’ unconventional design, including minimalist interiors and lack of buttons and switches. Almost all functions in Tesla vehicles are controlled from a large screen on the dashboard.

The system “makes it thoroughly distracting to adjust almost anything within the vehicle while motoring down the road,” Consumer Reports wrote in a review on Tuesday of a new version of the Model 3.

Tesla, which sells cars online and does not have many showrooms, is often the target of complaints about poor service. That may provide an advantage to established carmakers, like Ford Motor and General Motors, that have extensive dealer networks and are ramping up production of electric vehicles.

Tesla seems at a loss to respond to those challenges. It has been slow to follow up its initial success with new models, and Mr. Musk appears disengaged. He did not react Tuesday to the sales figures on X, the social media platform that he owns and posts on prolifically. Instead, he threw barbs at Walt Disney Company executives whom he accuses of being “woke.” Such remarks have made him a hero to conservatives but may be pushing liberals, who are more likely to buy electric cars, away from Tesla.

Tesla said it delivered 387,000 cars worldwide in the first quarter, down 8.5 percent from 423,000 in the same period last year. This was the first time Tesla’s quarterly sales have fallen on a year over year basis since a modest drop at the start of the pandemic in 2020. The sales figures were also significantly lower than the estimates of Wall Street analysts who had expected a modest increase.

“Tesla can’t stand still,” Ben Rose, president of Battle Road Research, said in an email. “Chinese E.V.s are already gaining a foothold in Europe, and it is unclear how long they will be forbidden from entering the U.S.”

More affordable cars would help Tesla appeal to a broader spectrum of buyers, Mr. Rose said.

To be sure, some of the sales decline may have reflected production problems beyond the company’s control, including a fire at a Tesla factory near Berlin that was the result of an arson attack.

And the company’s cars still have many fans. While panning the Model 3’s controls, Consumer Reports said the latest version provided a better ride than its predecessor and had improved handling.

But investors are clearly alarmed. Tesla’s shares have fallen more than 30 percent this year — including a 5 percent drop on Tuesday — because of concern that the company has lost momentum.

In China, Tesla faces BYD and dozens of other rivals with ambitions to expand worldwide. In Europe, established carmakers like Volkswagen and BMW have introduced more compelling battery-powered models. And in the United States, sales of electric cars are not growing as fast as they were a year ago, and many buyers are opting instead for hybrid models that pair a gasoline engine with batteries and electric motors.

Tesla rivals have continued to report sales increases. BYD said on Tuesday that it sold about 300,000 electric vehicles, up 13 percent from a year earlier. The company also sold 324,000 plug-in hybrid vehicles in the first quarter, up 15 percent.

BYD and other Chinese automakers have introduced new models rapidly, often undercutting Tesla on price. Those companies are also increasingly exporting cars to Europe, Southeast Asia and Latin America.

Kia, based in South Korea, said Tuesday that its sales of electric vehicles in the United States more than doubled in the first three months of the year compared with a year earlier after it introduced a new large sport utility vehicle, the EV9. Kia’s sister company, Hyundai, said it sold more than 10,000 electric vehicles in the first quarter in the United States, up 75 percent.

Toyota, the world’s largest automaker, doesn’t sell many fully electric vehicles. But the company said U.S. sales of electrified vehicles, a category largely made up of hybrids, under the Toyota and Lexus brands was up 74 percent in the first quarter.

Tesla pioneered mass-market electric cars, but its lineup is aging. The company’s only new model since 2020 is the Cybertruck , a futuristic pickup that went on sale in limited numbers last year. The least expensive version that Tesla says it can deliver this year starts at around $80,000, which makes it unaffordable to most car buyers.

Rivian, whose R1 pickup competes with the Cybertruck, said its sales, including of the truck and its two other models, rose 70 percent in the quarter, to 13,600 vehicles.

Tesla is working on an electric car that would cost around $25,000, but the model is not expected to go on sale in large numbers until 2026. In the meantime, Tesla remains dependent on the Model Y and the Model 3 for most of its sales.

The company has repeatedly cut prices, but analysts say the strategy has lowered its profits without doing enough to stimulate sales. The company has recently modestly raised the prices of some cars in the United States and China. The Model Y starts at nearly $45,000 before federal and state tax breaks, after an increase of $1,000 announced this week.

The quarterly sales figure shows Tesla managers “they need a real sales strategy and can’t rely on cutting price alone,” Gary Black, managing partner of the Future Fund, an investment firm, posted on X.

Mr. Musk, Tesla’s chief executive, has not given a clear indication of how the company plans to regain momentum. At the same time, his polarizing statements and endorsement of right-wing conspiracy theories have alienated many of the left-leaning customers who are most likely to buy electric cars.

Raphaelle Cassens, a Los Angeles resident, gave up her leased Tesla Model Y last year and replaced it with a leased electric BMW i4. Mr. Musk was one reason she switched, she said.

“Honestly, I don’t like him as an individual at all,” said Ms. Cassens, who is a registered Democrat but described herself as nonpartisan. She also said she received poor service from the company. “The attitude from the company definitely reflects the owner,” Ms. Cassens added.

At least one other large automaker is also struggling with electric vehicle sales. G.M. reported on Tuesday that its U.S. sales for the first quarter fell 1.5 percent, in large part because deliveries of battery-powered cars were down by about a fifth to around 16,000 vehicles.

The drop in battery-powered vehicle sales was the result of a sharp decline in sales of the Chevrolet Bolt, which G.M. stopped making at the end of 2023. Sales of other electric models that use G.M.’s newest battery technology rose but not enough to make up for the loss of the Bolt, which was one of the most affordable electric cars in the United States.

Jack Ewing writes about the auto industry with an emphasis on electric vehicles. More about Jack Ewing

Neal E. Boudette is based in Michigan and has been covering the auto industry for two decades. He joined The New York Times in 2016 after more than 15 years at The Wall Street Journal. More about Neal E. Boudette

The World of Elon Musk

The billionaire’s portfolio includes the world’s most valuable automaker, an innovative rocket company and plenty of drama..

Tesla: The maker of electric vehicles appeared to be losing command of the market it effectively created after reporting a stunning drop in quarterly sales , raising fresh questions about Elon Musk’s leadership of the company.

Business With China : Tesla and China built a symbiotic relationship that made Elon Musk ultrarich. Now, his reliance on the country may give Beijing leverage .  

A Testy Interview:  In the wake of a rough interview with Elon Musk that touched upon Donald Trump, his reported drug use and hate speech on X,  the former television anchor Don Lemon said that his deal for a new talk show on X was called off  just days before it was scheduled to air.

The Musk Foundation: After making billions in tax-deductible donations to his charity, Musk has failed recently to donate the minimum required to justify a tax break  — and what he did give often supported his interests.

OpenAI: Musk, who helped found the A.I. start-up in 2015, has filed a lawsuit  accusing the company and its chief executive  of breaching a contract  by putting profits and commercial interests ahead of the public good.

Monetary Policy Report Analysis: Why RBI is confident of growth

RBI's assessment of India's economic growth engines paints a promising picture of the country's resilience by analyzing the condition of the four drivers of economic growth -- private consumption, government consumption, investment and exports. Despite global challenges, domestic economic activity has remained robust, the analysis said.

The government's continued emphasis on infrastructure creation, coupled with an uptick in private corporate investment and buoyant business optimism, is expected to nurture a sustained revival in the investment cycle. Private consumption is likely to receive support from improved prospects for rural demand and rising consumer confidence.

Although external demand faces headwinds from global factors, India's diversified export basket and the recovery in capital flows provide some cushion. The services sector, the backbone of the Indian economy, continues to display strength and adaptability.

RBI's analysis suggests that India's growth story remains intact, propelled by structural drivers like improving physical infrastructure, development of world-class digital and payments technology, ease of doing business, enhanced labor force participation, and improved quality of fiscal spending.

Investment Demand

Gross Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF) grew by an impressive 10.6% year-on-year (y-o-y) in Q3:2023-24, driven by a revival in private capital expenditure (capex) and the government's continued emphasis on capital spending. The share of GFCF in GDP, although moderating slightly in Q3, achieved a new peak during the first half of the fiscal year.

Several factors contribute to the optimistic outlook for investment. Healthy balance sheets of banks and corporates, rising capacity utilization, improving business sentiment, and large public investments bode well for a sustained upturn in the private sector investment cycle. High-frequency indicators, such as the import of capital goods, production of capital goods, and construction activity, further corroborate the strength of investment demand.

The RBI also highlights the government's infrastructure push as a crucial driver of investment. The center's capital expenditure recorded a strong expansion of 28.4% y-o-y in the revised estimates for 2023-24. Moreover, the government's continued thrust on capital expenditure, as outlined in the interim union budget for 2024-25, is expected to crowd in private investment and boost productivity and growth in the economy.

Private Consumption

Growth in Private Final Consumption Expenditure (PFCE), the mainstay of aggregate demand, improved to 3.5% in Q3:2023-24 after a dip in Q2, contributing 2.2 percentage points to overall GDP growth. The RBI notes that steady urban consumption, coupled with improving income levels in the informal sector, are supporting private consumption.

High-frequency indicators of urban demand, such as domestic air passenger traffic, passenger vehicle sales, and household credit, exhibited sustained expansion in the second half of 2023-24. Consumer durables expanded at a modest pace in Q3 but recorded double-digit growth in January. Sustained buoyancy in the services sector, along with corporate salary hikes, is supporting urban demand.

Rural demand -- which has been the biggest area of concern for economists so far -- is also gaining pace gradually, as evidenced by high-frequency indicators like motorcycle sales and agriculture credit growth. The demand for work under the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) declined in H2, suggesting an improvement in non-farm employment in rural areas and recovery in informal sector activity.

The RBI also highlights the improvement in labor market conditions, with the labor force participation rate (LFPR) and employment rate (ER) reflecting positive trends. The Employees' Provident Fund Organisation (EPFO) payroll data points to a strengthening of formal employment in Q3 and January 2024.

Government Consumption

Government Final Consumption Expenditure (GFCE) decelerated in the second half of 2023-24, with ongoing fiscal consolidation and expenditure rationalization. However, the central government's capital outlay grew by a robust 65.1% y-o-y during Q3, reflecting the continued emphasis on infrastructure building.

The RBI report highlights the central government's fiscal prudence while supporting growth through capital expenditure. The interim union budget for 2024-25 projects a reduction in the gross fiscal deficit (GFD) to 5.1% of GDP, marking a drop of 70 basis points from 2023-24 (RE). This is in line with the medium-term GFD target of 4.5% by 2025-26.

State governments have also continued with fiscal prudence while supporting growth with a focus on capital expenditure. The quality of states' expenditure continued to improve, owing to sustained growth-inducing capex. The RBI notes that the impact of a lower fiscal impulse on growth could be offset by higher growth-inducing capital expenditure.

External Demand

India's external demand exhibited signs of recovery in the second half of 2023-24 (October-February) despite protracted geopolitical tensions. Merchandise exports expanded by 3.7% during this period, while merchandise imports inched up by 2.5%. The recovery in merchandise exports was led by engineering goods, electronic goods, drugs and pharmaceuticals, iron ore, and cotton yarn.

Services trade, however, witnessed some slowdown in the second half (October-February) on a y-o-y basis, reflecting sluggish global demand. Services exports expanded by 5.2% in Q3, mainly driven by software, business, and travel services. On the other hand, services imports contracted by 4.3% in Q3, registering a decline for the second consecutive quarter on a y-o-y basis, primarily on account of a decline in transportation and business services.

The current account deficit (CAD) narrowed marginally to 1.2% of GDP in Q3:2023-24 from 1.3% in Q2, with an improvement in net services trade and an increase in net transfer receipts. The RBI report also highlights the sharp increase in capital flows in H2:2023-24, supported by robust foreign direct investment (FDI) and foreign portfolio investment (FPI) flows.

Services Sector

The RBI report emphasizes the pivotal role of the services sector, which contributes over 70% to GVA growth. The sector maintained its momentum in the second half of 2023-24, with an impetus from construction activity; trade, hotels, transport, communication, and broadcasting; and financial, real estate, and professional services.

High-frequency indicators suggest strong construction activity in H2, with robust growth in steel consumption and healthy expansion in cement production. The growth of trade, hotels, transport, and communication was supported by robust domestic trading activity, as reflected in GST collections.

Financial, real estate, and professional services were a major contributor to both service sector GVA growth (31.9%) and aggregate GVA growth (22.0%) in Q3:2023-24. Bank credit and deposits expanded y-o-y, and insurance premium growth in both life and non-life segments remained healthy in H2 (October-February).

The RBI report also highlights the strengthening of real estate activity in Q3, marked by the highest units sold since 2013-14. The rise in all-India housing prices remained moderate in Q3.

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Amazon increased US plastic packaging despite global phase-out, report says

The same year, 2022, company replaced plastic sleeves in EU with paper and cardboard, and cut plastic packaging globally by 11.6%

The amount of plastic packaging waste created by Amazon has increased in the US even as the online retail giant sought to phase out plastics elsewhere in the world, a report claims, amid growing pressure for a global treaty to end plastic pollution.

Amazon created 208m pounds (94m kg) of plastic packaging in the US in 2022, equal to the weight of nearly 14,000 large African elephants, which is a 9.8% increase in the amount of packaging it produced in 2021, according to Oceana, a US marine conservation group that used industry data and Amazon’s market announcements to form its analysis.

The increase in 2022 occurred even as Amazon made headway in reducing its plastic use elsewhere in the world, cutting its plastic packaging globally by 11.6% compared with a year previously. In Europe, the company has replaced its plastic delivery sleeves with paper and cardboard, amid new rules from the European Union aimed at stamping out single-use plastics.

Oceana said that the persistent reliance on plastics in the US is “troubling”, pointing to evidence that much of this waste will end up ingested by marine animals or strewn along coastal areas. According to the group, up to 22m pounds (9.9m kg) of Amazon’s global plastic packaging from 2022 will have ended up in the world’s waterways and seas. Oceana’s analysis cites a 2020 scientific study published in Science that found 11% of plastic waste globally ended up in aquatic ecosystems in 2016.

“This sort of plastic film is a big problem for the oceans and a lot of it can’t be recycled,” said Matt Littlejohn, senior vice-president of strategic initiatives at Oceana.

“Amazon is one of the most innovative companies on the planet. It has eliminated plastic packaging in Europe and they can clearly do so across the US, too, even without regulatory pressure. This is a completely solvable problem. They have just got to get on with solving it. They know what to do.”

Amazon has disputed Oceana’s analysis, calling it “misleading” and highlighting its global reduction in plastic use , although the company did not disclose US-specific figures on plastic packaging that counter the report’s findings.

The company has pointed to its efforts to reduce per-shipment packaging weight which, since 2015, have cut out more than 2m tons of packaging, as well as the unveiling last year of its first automated US fulfillment centre, located in Ohio , that replaces plastic packaging and air pillow fillers with paper alternatives.

“Amazon is committed to reducing or eliminating packaging altogether, including the use of single-use plastic, and we’ve shown this by sharing consistent and transparent updates on our progress,” said Pat Lindner, vice-president of mechatronics and sustainable packaging at Amazon.

“We’ve also started a multiyear effort to eliminate plastic delivery packaging from our US automated fulfillment centers, with the first already in operation and delivering to customers without any plastic packaging. We’ll continue to invest, invent and scale our packaging reduction work for the good of customers and the planet.”

The report comes amid mounting evidence showing the prevalence of plastics in the environment, from litter in cities, beaches and oceans to invasions of more fundamental elements of life, with long-lasting plastics breaking down into microscopic pieces that are found in our bloodstreams , placentas and even the air we breathe .

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“We are swimming in and breathing in this plastic, and this stuff lasts for an eternity,” said Littlejohn. “I don’t think the general public has caught onto how scary this all is.”

Two years ago in Kenya, governments agreed at a United Nations summit to forge a legally binding international treaty by the end of 2024 to stem plastic pollution, which Espen Barth Eide, president of the UN gathering, warned “has grown into an epidemic”.

The next round of negotiations over this treaty will be held later this month in Canada and activists have called for a strong agreement that curbs single-use plastics and meaningfully reforms an opaque and often illusory recycling system .

One group, Agenda Antárctica, has even undertaken a redesign of Antarctica’s unofficial flag to one that shows the vast frozen continent riddled with microplastics , following studies that have shown that plastic has been found in the remote polar region’s snow.

“To see somewhere so pristine and untouched by mankind and discover it has been polluted by plastics so small you can’t see them was just awful to me,” said Graham Bartram, a vexillologist who designed an unofficial flag that has been used informally to depict the continent since the 1990s – no single country owns the frozen continent – and who has now redesigned the flag to depict the plastic pollution.

“I don’t think plastics are inherently evil, they can be very useful, but we can use them sensibly,” said Bartram. “I hope the flag makes people think a little about what we are doing to the planet. Let’s face it: we only have one planet, it’s not like we have a back-up plan of moving to another one next door.”

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What are the energy impacts from the Port of Baltimore closure?

The collapse of the Francis Scott Key Bridge into the Patapsco River on March 26 has temporarily halted all shipping traffic from the Port of Baltimore. In this article, we examine implications for energy-related trade.

The port is the second-largest exporting hub for coal in the United States, accounting for 28% of total coal exports in 2023, according to Census Bureau data. It is second only to Norfolk, Virgina, also known as Hampton Roads.

How much coal moves through the Port of Baltimore?

In three of the past five years, annual coal exports from the Port of Baltimore totaled around 20 million short tons, with the only exception occurring in 2020 when the reaction to the COVID-19 pandemic dampened coal demand worldwide.

Exports from Baltimore surged to 28 million short tons in 2023, mainly because of growing demand for U.S. coal in Asia. Even before the port’s closure, we were expecting much slower growth in total U.S. coal exports in 2024, of just 1%. The interruption in operations in Baltimore may affect the volume of exports this year.

There are two full-service terminals that receive, store, and load coal onto ocean-going vessels at the Port of Baltimore: the Curtis Bay Coal Piers served by the CSX Railroad and the CONSOL Energy Baltimore Marine terminal served by both the CSX and Norfolk Southern Railroads. An attractive feature of the Port of Baltimore is its proximity to the northern Appalachia coal fields in western Pennsylvania and northern West Virginia. Mines in this region produce both premium quality metallurgical coal and steam coal with a high heat content.

Steam coal, coal that is used mostly for electric power generation and industrial heating, is the dominant type of coal exported from the Port of Baltimore. Those shipments averaged around 12 million short tons from 2019 to 2022 before surging to 19 million short tons in 2023. Exports of metallurgical coal from Baltimore, or that used as a raw material in steel production, also are important, ranging from 6 million short tons to 10 million short tons from 2019 to 2023.

Other nearby ports, most notably Hampton Roads, have additional capacity to export coal, although factors including coal quality, pricing, and scheduling will affect how easily companies can switch to exporting from another port.

What are the export destinations for coal exports leaving Baltimore?

The top recipient of U.S. steam coal shipped from Baltimore by far over the past five years has been India, where the brick manufacturing industry has been a major customer. Other major recipients for steam coal from Baltimore include several European countries that are reached by ports in the Netherlands. Smaller markets include customers in the Dominican Republic, Canada, and Egypt.

Exports of metallurgical coal from the Port of Baltimore within the last five years went to several Asian countries. The top recipient in 2023 was Japan, which received 28% of the metallurgical coal shipped through the port of Baltimore. The next two major recipients of this coal over the last five years were China and South Korea. Multiple countries in Europe also receive metallurgical coal exported from the Port of Baltimore to the Netherlands, as do Brazil and Argentina.

What other energy products are affected by the port’s closure?

A limited amount of refined petroleum products are imported into the Port of Baltimore. Biodiesel, specifically biodiesel feedstock and other edible oils, are the largest refined petroleum product import with an average of 3,000 barrels per day (b/d) in 2023, mostly from Central America and Western Europe.

Other petroleum-derived products, such as fertilizers and other chemicals, are also imported. Baltimore imports the most asphalt of any U.S. port, about 4,000 b/d last year, with almost all imports originating from Canada . Asphalt is made from crude oil and is commonly used for roadways and roofing. Since the port is a major transit point for freight and bulk vessels, we expect bunker fuel consumption to decrease.

Baltimore imports the most urea ammonium nitrate on the U.S. Atlantic Coast, about 2,000 b/d in 2023, and the fourth most of all U.S. ports. Urea ammonium nitrate is a common liquid fertilizer , mostly imported from Russia . The Port of Baltimore is the closest coastal port to Midwestern markets, which are a major source of agricultural demand.

Other ports on the U.S. Atlantic Coast can also import asphalt, such as Providence, Rhode Island; New York, New York; and Wilmington, North Carolina. Other ports on the Atlantic Coast that can import urea ammonium nitrate are Norfolk, Virginia, and Wilmington, North Carolina.

Other, more widely used petroleum products are less affected. According to ship tracking data, there was one shipment of gasoline into the Port of Baltimore in 2023, and there were three petroleum-related export cargos in all of 2023.

Principal contributors: Jonathan Church, Mark Morey, Josh Eiermann

Tags: coal , exports/imports

Economy | Colorado’s nonprofit industry generates $62…

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Economy | Colorado’s nonprofit industry generates $62 billion for state economy, report says

Analysis says agencies support total of 262,000 jobs even as industry continues to recover from recession.

Doing good for families, the arts, the outdoors and public health is also good for Colorado’s bottom line, according to a new report that says nonprofits contributed $62 billion to the state’s annual economy and supported 262,000 jobs.

The total economic impact is up significantly from the $40 billion detailed in the last report on Colorado nonprofits, released in 2019. Jobs directly and indirectly tied to nonprofit organizations employ more people than the agriculture, mining, and information industries combined, according to the analysis released Thursday by the Colorado Nonprofit Association , Philanthropy Colorado, the Community Resource Center and the Denver Office of Nonprofit Engagement.

However, the nonprofit sector has lagged behind other industries in recovering from the recession caused by the pandemic, analysts said.

The 34,251 nonprofits registered in Colorado injected $25 billion into the state’s gross domestic product, the report said. Gov. Jared Polis and other state officials joined members of organizations at the state Capitol to announce the conclusions of the economic study..

Although it’s important to highlight nonprofits’ substantial effects on the economy, job development and social issues, House Speaker Julie McCluskie said, “It’s how we use this report that really matters.” She called on those in the industry to share the report with their lawmakers and to draw the connections between “that true local story” and the legislature’s policies.

Nonprofits were by lawmakers’ side during the pandemic to get the state through a difficult time, McCluskie said. “We don’t say it enough, but the state knows that our partnership with all of you is critical to helping every Coloradan to realize their dreams, to help children grow and thrive, to help our seniors stay in communities where they have lived for years.”

The report on nonprofits is released every five years to raise awareness of their contributions and  advocate for policies to strengthen the organizations’ ability to serve communities. it details the impacts in terms of jobs and financial contributions in each of Colorado’s congressional districts.

The study is based on data from 2021, the most recent year for which comprehensive information is available. The Leeds School of Business at the University of Colorado-Boulder and Bright Fox Analytics wrote the report.

The findings include:

• The nonprofit sector directly and indirectly supports an estimated 9.7% of the state’s jobs: 182,000 jobs through direct employment; 54,000 jobs in business-to-business activities; and another 26,000 induced jobs through household spending associated with employee earnings.

• Colorado’s nonprofit industry generated more than $62 billion in total economic output in 2021, including $25 billion to the state GDP and nearly $20 billion in labor income from jobs supported by the industry.

• Nonprofits collected more than $28 billion in revenues and held more than $34 billion in assets in 2021.

• Based on available data, more than 2,000 active Colorado foundations contributed more than $1.4 billion in grants in each of 2020 and 2021.

• Foundation spending reached nearly $2 billion in 2021.

The kinds of nonprofits studied included human and social services; environment and recreation; religious and mutual benefit; health and public safety; arts, education and science; and philanthropy, advocacy and capacity building.

Surveys suggest the nonprofit sector has lagged behind other industries in recovering from the recession caused by the pandemic. Nonprofits faced lower funding, higher expenses and significant disruptions to in-person services because of health and safety concerns.

As a result, the report said many organizations cut their payrolls while demand for such services as health dramatically rose. Nonprofits cited ongoing budget constraints, competition with other industries paying higher wages and employee burnout among the top barriers to recruitment in 2022 and 2023.

“Like a lot industries in Colorado, the nonprofit sector is no different in having challenges in recruiting and retaining talented individuals,” said Lisa Taylor, chair of the Colorado Nonprofit Association board of directors and senior program manager of The Weld Trust.

Although the challenges remain, Taylor said organizations have evolved to figure out how to keep delivering services.

Throughout the pandemic and beyond, the level of giving has been “amazing,” said Paul Lhevine, president and CEO of the Colorado Nonprofit Association. “We have incredibly generous supporters all across the state, but it still hasn’t kept up with the need.”

Lhevine said lawmakers can help by keeping nonprofits “front and center” when considering legislation and through strategic funding and grants.

Updated April 4, 2024, at 3:30 p.m. to add comments from a news conference.

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