writing strategies 6th grade

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6th Grade Writing Strategies and Assignments

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In 6th grade, students must be able to write clear and thorough pieces for a selected audience. Assignments can include different types of writing, such as narrative, explanatory and persuasive. Although writing has likely been a key part of your child's education throughout the years, learning to write well takes practice. He or she may improve more quickly with new writing strategies and at-home practice assignments.

What Strategies Can I Use to Help My Child With 6th Grade Writing?

Although students advance their writing skills every year, 6th grade and middle school writing requires more complex organization and focus than previous grades. In order to help your son or daughter ease into this new level of writing, spend a little bit of time each day to review basics that are already being discussed in class.

You can start by providing your child a list of different types of writing and asking him or her to determine which are most appropriate for specific purposes and audiences. Alternatively, encourage your child to review examples of different types of texts to get a better understanding of how each are used. In addition to these basic review strategies, you can also provide your child with practice writing assignments to complete in his or her free time.

Three Writing Assignments for 6th Graders

Writing prompts.

Writing prompts are used in nearly every grade of elementary and middle school to help students practice writing without having to focus too much on topic selection. Once your child reaches 6th grade, writing prompts will likely be more open-ended and left for his or her interpretation.

In 6th grade, writing prompts can be narrative, expository or persuasive in nature, and they may focus on writing in a journal, writing a poem or starting a story. For example, the prompt could simply be a famous quote and asking the child to explain what it means to him or her. If you choose, you can come up with your own prompts for your son or daughter to complete on a daily or weekly basis, or you can find several free prompts available online.

Journalistic Writing

While writing is an important skill for kids to develop, oral communication and research proficiency are necessary as well. In this activity, your child will act as a reporter in order to gain interviewing, fact checking, topic selection, headline writing and news reporting practice at home.

To start, provide some examples of both news and feature stories that your child can read. Because news and feature writing differ, your son or daughter should choose which type of story he or she will write before moving forward with the activity. Additionally, your child will select a topic of interest that he or she can interview you, family members or friends about.

As your son or daughter moves through the process of developing interview questions, organizing and writing the story, you may need to provide some guidance regarding what details need to be included and what makes the most sense. Once the story is complete, save a copy and repeat the activity once each week. After a few months, you should be able to put together a mock newspaper of all the articles your child has written.

Creative Writing

To give your child further practice with descriptive writing and creative thinking, have him or her create a menu for an imaginary restaurant. You may want to start this activity by printing a few different types of menus from the Internet. For example, your child may like to see samples of breakfast, lunch, dinner, steakhouse, deli and other menus to spark a few ideas.

In order to get started, you may want to buy a piece of poster board and fold it into thirds so your son or daughter has a lot of space to work with and can really feel like he or she is writing a restaurant menu. During the activity, your child will create sections for beverages, soups, salads, entrees and more. Additionally, you may ask your child to create a brief overview of the restaurant on the front or back cover along with a logo and restaurant name. Each item on the menu should include a detailed description that really lets the reader understand what the item is without seeing a picture.

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6th grade writing

by: Hank Pellissier | Updated: August 4, 2022

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This year, your sixth grader should learn to use precise language, the right pronouns, and high-quality sources for research. Public presentations are also a nerve-wracking but important skill highlighted this year. Read on to learn the key sixth grade writing skills your child should learn this year.

Introducing argument writing

Developmentally, sixth graders are entering a rebellious phase. Luckily, all this attitude has an academic outlet: argument writing . Your tween will write persuasive essays that promote their bold opinions with organized logic, backed by evidence from carefully researched, respectable sources. ( Wikipedia , The Onion , and National Enquirer won’t qualify, but Wikipedia does often link to sources at the bottom of their entries that may be acceptable.)

Your 11- or 12-year-old will also write formal essays that explain complicated topics with precise information. They’ll start with intriguing introductions, and then present their research in a clear, organized way. They will use quotes, facts, definitions, compare-and-contrast statements, cause-and-effect statements, graphics (e.g., charts, graphs), subject-specific vocabulary, and multimedia. It will all be formatted (e.g., using headings, subheadings, and bullet points), to make their points clear. They’ll end with concluding paragraphs that recap their main points.

“ To put it another way, Mommy, there is compelling evidence that I need another scoop of ice cream. ” This grown-up language sounds amusingly hoity-toity in squeaky voices, but don’t laugh when your child attempts it in daily conversation. Indeed, it is good practice for their writing.

Incredibly, what happened next was..

Storytelling is a fun part of sixth grade writing. This year, kids practice narrative writing in fiction and nonfiction papers. They learn effective ways to select their narrator, characters, setting, dialogue, descriptions, and conclusion. They work to make plot sequences seem natural. To really make their stories sing, kids should use specific details, precise language, and transition vocabulary (think: After nightfall or When she awoke ) that guides readers from one setting or plot point to another. Don’t be surprised if your shy bookworm starts writing a trilogy.

If at first you don’t succeed

Grit. Determination. Perseverance. Ernest Hemingway rewrote the last page of one of his novels 39 times. Rewriting and editing both teach kids discipline and determination. They are required to plan before they write, and then plan some more as their draft develops. They’re encouraged to outline before they start writing. They draft and redraft. They will revise certain parts and maybe restructure their entire paper. Then they will edit, possibly rewrite, and re-edit. At every turn, they’re encouraged to try new approaches. This isn’t obsessive redundancy; it helps students practice thinking about what they’re really, truly trying to say and then use their writing skills to convey their thoughts clearly and exactly.

Command of the keyboard

Writing nowadays often means typing . Sixth graders accelerate their hand-eye coordination as they evolve from hunt-and-peck slowness to rat-tat-tat-tat-tatting at a furious pace. The goal is for sixth graders to be able to sit and type three pages in a single sitting. Additionally, kids are taught online interaction and collaboration (e.g., emailing their work to each other, sharing Google docs, and adding suggestions and comments to each other’s work).

My research reveals…

Sixth graders get writing assignments that require research. To answer questions like What famous historical character do you admire? What’s your favorite invention? What endangered species do you worry about the most? , your young detective will read thick reference books and print periodicals at the library and digital data online (yes, often via Google). Students learn to evaluate the credibility of sources . Is National Lampoon as legitimate as Encyclopedia Britannica ? No. Using evidence, they compile information to write reports. They’ll learn to paraphrase what they’ve read, synthesize new thoughts, and use quotations to share information without plagiarizing.

Novel approach

Is Harry Potter more emotionally conflicted than Katniss Everdeen? Sixth graders sharpen their critical thinking skills by doing literary analysis. They’ll analyze poems, stories, historical novels, and nonfiction books. Kids learn to compare and contrast topics and themes. They’ll do this, for example, by discussing the consequences of prejudice in Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry and in Harriet Tubman: Conductor on the Underground Railroad or by explaining how nature directs the plots of The Secret Garden and The Island of the Blue Dolphin . In nonfiction, sixth graders learn to divide an author’s statements into facts supported by evidence versus opinions. For example, was the Great Houdini truly “the world’s greatest magician” or is this an opinion? After all, David Copperfield walked through the Great Wall of China.

Pronouns: not just me-me-me all the time

Grammar isn’t easy, especially for 11- and 12-year-olds. Pronoun usage can be particularly tough. Kids learn about proper pronoun case . What’s that? Subjective case refers to pronouns used as subjects (I, you, he, she, it, we, they). Objective case indicates pronouns used as objects (me, you, him, her, it, us, they). Possessive case conveys ownership (my, mine, your, yours, his, her, hers, its, our, ours, their, theirs). Using pronouns incorrectly can leave the writer (or speaker) looking unintelligent. For example, Us and her carried apples over to yous big barn is neither proper nor pretty.

Mistakes in pronoun person are common among this age group. To correct this, your child needs to loyally stick with the “person” they started with. No switching from first person (I or me) to second person (you), or vice-versa: When I go to school, you should have your homework done, or When you go to school, a person should have his homework done . (Hint, that second example goes from second person to third person.) Both switches are incorrect and can create confusion.

Pronoun number is also crucial. If the subject indicates a plural quantity, the related possessive pronoun needs the identical number. Here’s an example of this common error: All of the school girls took her umbrella. (It should be their umbrellas) . Vague pronouns are also a no-no. Take the sentence: Alice put a vase with a red rose on the desk, and sold it. What was sold: the vase, the rose, or the desk? We don’t know because it, used here, is too vague.

Sentences, spelling, punctuation

Sixth grade writing raises the bar when it comes to sentence structure. Kids are expected to vary their sentences by alternating the length and structure to keep their writing interesting.

When it comes to spelling, many sixth graders know that spelling rules in English are finicky and have many exceptions. Kids learn to spell odd English words correctly, with silent letters ( island, crumb ) and bizarre combo consonants ( cough, pheasant ). As such, spelling is best learned through practice and, eventually, by memorizing. If your child gets frustrated spelling words like climb or plumbing , let them know that Theodore Roosevelt, Andrew Carnegie, and a committee of concerned citizens tried to simplify English spelling more than a century ago — sadly, to no avail.

Finally, as their writing becomes more advanced, sixth graders tend to use commas, parentheses, and dashes to set apart phrases and clauses. You can help by reviewing these sentences and making sure the punctuation is placed correctly.

It’s all about presentations

In sixth grade, kids will read their writing aloud to classmates. As they read, they’ll be expected to make eye contact, pronounce their words clearly, and speak loudly enough to be heard by the entire class. They’ll share their arguments, research papers, projects, and literary efforts, which will often be accompanied by visual displays, music, audio, charts, and slides. Your child may be nervous before these presentations, but hopefully your child will be empowered by the experience.

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Implementing the Writing Process

About this Strategy Guide

This strategy guide explains the writing process and offers practical methods for applying it in your classroom to help students become proficient writers.

Research Basis

Strategy in practice, related resources.

The writing process—prewriting, drafting, revising and editing, rewriting, publishing—mirrors the way proficient writers write. In using the writing process, your students will be able to break writing into manageable chunks and focus on producing quality material. The final stage, publishing, ensures that students have an audience. Students can even coach each other during various stages of the process for further emphasis on audience and greater collaboration during editing.  Studies show that students who learn the writing process score better on state writing tests than those who receive only specific instruction in the skills assessed on the test. This type of authentic writing produces lifelong learners and allows students to apply their writing skills to all subjects. Success in writing greatly depends on a student’s attitude, motivation, and engagement. The writing process takes these elements into account by allowing students to plan their writing and create a publishable, final draft of their work of which they can be proud. It addresses students’ need for a real audience and to take the time to draft and redraft their work. You can help your students think carefully about each stage of their writing by guiding them through the writing process repeatedly throughout the year and across various content areas.

The writing process involves teaching students to write in a variety of genres, encouraging creativity, and incorporating writing conventions. This process can be used in all areas of the curriculum and provides an excellent way to connect instruction with state writing standards. The following are ways to implement each step of the writing process:

• Prewriting—This step involves brainstorming, considering purpose and goals for writing, using graphic organizers to connect ideas, and designing a coherent structure for a writing piece. For kindergarten students, scribbling and invented spelling are legitimate stages of writing development; the role of drawing as a prewriting tool becomes progressively less important as writers develop. Have young students engage in whole-class brainstorming to decide topics on which to write. For students in grades 3-5, have them brainstorm individually or in small groups with a specific prompt, such as, “Make a list of important people in your life,” for example. Online graphic organizers might help upper elementary students to organize their ideas for specific writing genres during the prewriting stage. Examples are the Essay Map , Notetaker , or Persuasion Map .
• Drafting—Have students work independently at this stage. Confer with students individually as they write, offering praise and suggestions while observing areas with which students might be struggling and which might warrant separate conference time or minilessons.
• Revising and Editing—Show students how to revise specific aspects of their writing to make it more coherent and clear during minilessons. You can model reading your own writing and do a think aloud about how you could add more details and make it clearer. Teach students to reread their own work more than once as they think about whether it really conveys what they want to their reader. Reading their work aloud to classmates and other adults helps them to understand what revisions are needed. Your ELLs will develop greater language proficiency as they collaborate with their peers when revising.
• Rewriting—Have students incorporate changes as they carefully write or type their final drafts.

Rubrics help to make expectations and grading procedures clear, and provide a formative assessment to guide and improve your instruction. The Sample Writing Rubric , for example, can be used for upper elementary students.

As you work with your students to implement the writing process, they will begin to master writing and take it into all aspects of life. Peer review, with clear guidelines for students to give feedback on each other’s work, motivates students, allows them to discuss their writing with their peers, and makes the work load a little lighter for you. The Peer Edit with Perfection! PowerPoint Tutorial is a useful tool to teach students how to peer review and edit. You can also have students can edit their own work using a checklist, such as the Editing Checklist . Editing is when students have already revised content but need to correct mistakes in terms of spelling, grammar, sentence structure, punctuation, and word choice. Use minilessons, small-group lessons, or individual conferencing if necessary to make sure that students have made thoughtful changes to their writing content before moving on to the final draft.

• Publishing—Encourage students to publish their works in a variety of ways, such as a class book, bulletin board, letters to the editor, school newsletter, or website. The ReadWriteThink Printing Press tool is useful for creating newspapers, brochures, flyers and booklets. Having an authentic audience beyond the classroom gives student writing more importance and helps students to see a direct connection between their lives and their literacy development.
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It's not easy surviving fourth grade (or third or fifth)! In this lesson, students brainstorm survival tips for future fourth graders and incorporate those tips into an essay.

Students are encouraged to understand a book that the teacher reads aloud to create a new ending for it using the writing process.

While drafting a literary analysis essay (or another type of argument) of their own, students work in pairs to investigate advice for writing conclusions and to analyze conclusions of sample essays. They then draft two conclusions for their essay, select one, and reflect on what they have learned through the process.

The Essay Map is an interactive graphic organizer that enables students to organize and outline their ideas for an informational, definitional, or descriptive essay.

The Persuasion Map is an interactive graphic organizer that enables students to map out their arguments for a persuasive essay or debate.

The Stapleless Book can be used for taking notes while reading, making picture books, collecting facts, or creating vocabulary booklets . . . the possibilities are endless!

Students examine the different ways that they write and think about the role writing plays in life.

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How to Improve Writing Skills for Sixth Graders

Sixth-grade students are expected to write personal narratives, responses to literature, informational and procedural texts, persuasive essays and stories about real or fictional events. To improve writing skills for sixth-graders, teach them the five-step writing process, organizational skills for different writing purposes and reinforce good writing conventions.

Explore this article

• Five-Step Writing Process
• Have students plan their writing by brainstorming
• Have students
• Have students-2
• Teach students
• Purpose for Writing
• Teach students-2
• Write a thesis statement
• Have students-3
• Word Choice, Sentence Variety and Writing Conventions
• Teach students-3
• Teach students-4
• Reteach mechanics as needed

1 Five-Step Writing Process

2 have students plan their writing by brainstorming.

Have students plan their writing by brainstorming, free-writing and doing preliminary research. Use graphic organizers for brainstorming. Free-writing allows the student to write down everything he can about a topic without worrying about grammar, style, structure or anything that would hinder the free-flow of thoughts. Preliminary research helps students confirm they will be able to find enough information about a topic before investing time in the writing process. Students should complete the planning stage by creating an outline for their paper.

3 Have students

Have students organize their initial writing into a first draft. Students should follow their outlines and refer to their planning materials to create a first draft that has complete sentences and paragraphs.

4 Have students-2

Have students read their own writing aloud and note changes that would improve the quality of the writing. Have students read each others’ work and make suggestions for edits and revisions. Use proofreading marks and have students express the reasoning behind their suggestions. This step should be repeated as often as necessary before advancing to the publishing stage.

5 Teach students

Teach students to take the information provided during the editing and revising stage to create a final draft. Once the final draft is complete the student can then publish the work in the required format.

6 Purpose for Writing

7 teach students-2.

Teach students to include both a sequence of events and thoughts and feelings about the events in a personal narrative. Teach students to map out the plot of their narrative by writing each event on the front of an index card and their thoughts or feelings about the event on the back of an index card. Then have students put the index cards in sequential order. Students should use the information on the back of the index card to enhance their narrative.

8 Write a thesis statement

Write a thesis statement and include supporting evidence when writing a response to literature. Teach students to draw conclusions about what they have read and then find evidence in the text to support their conclusions. Teach students to connect the evidence to the thesis statement in separate paragraphs in the essay. Then have students write an introduction paragraph that contains the thesis statement, three paragraphs to cover the supporting evidence and a final paragraph to conclude the argument and restate the thesis.

9 Have students-3

Have students organize their information into fact or opinion when writing persuasive texts, as a good persuasive essay includes both. Teach students to use facts to support their opinions in persuasive essays. Suggest students consider their audience and what kind of arguments would be most convincing to their readers.

10 Word Choice, Sentence Variety and Writing Conventions

11 teach students-3.

Teach students to improve their word choice during the editing and revising stage. Teach students the difference between weak words and strong words. For example, “very” is a weak word where as “extremely” is a strong word. Teach students to look for weak words in their writing and to replace these with words that are more descriptive and help paint a picture in the reader’s mind, or elicit an emotion from the reader.

12 Teach students-4

Teach students how to vary sentences to improve flow and readability. While students are reading their work aloud, have them listen to the rhythm of the writing. Writing that includes mostly short, simple sentences flows less smoothly than writing that includes a combination of sentence types and lengths. Teach students to combine simple and complex sentences and sentences of different lengths to make the writing sound more interesting.

13 Reteach mechanics as needed

Reteach mechanics as needed. Provide mini-lessons on grammar, spelling, punctuation, capitalization and the parts of a sentence or paragraph throughout the writing process.

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• 2 Education Northwest: 6+1 Trait Definitions
• 3 Dummies: Forming a Thesis Statement
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• 5 Owl: Purdue Online Writing Lab: Strategies for [Sentence] Variation

About the Author

A professional educator in Texas, Lynn Wolf began her journalism career in 1993. She has published in the "New Orleans Times-Picayune" and the "Monroe News-Star." Wolf holds a Bachelor of Arts in mass communications from Loyola University New Orleans and a Master of Liberal Arts from Southern Methodist University.

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The Guide to 6th Grade: Reading and Writing

Review reading and writing curricula for 6th grade, including what to expect and resources to support learning..

In their first year of middle school, 6th graders embark on a new journey in their schooling, and with that comes new challenges and changes. In many ways, 6th grade is a year of significant transition for students as they use the skills they have previously learned and apply them to more complex and independent learning in deeper and more rigorous ways. 

While collaboration may still be an important part of the curriculum, students are often required to produce more extensive independent work, specifically in writing. This calls for greater independence and organizational skills, and it may certainly require some adjustment and practice in the beginning of the school year.

Read on to find out what to expect this year! You can shop all sixth grade books and activities at The Scholastic Store .

Sixth Grade Reading 

The ultimate goal of the 6th grade reading curriculum is for students to read increasingly complex texts over the course of the year, preparing them for high school, college, and careers beyond. Students read a variety of texts and different genres, including fiction, drama, poetry, and non-fiction.

There is a specific emphasis on and increase in the reading of nonfiction texts in order to prepare students to read, write, and research across subjects. As students read more complex texts, analyzing and understanding them in deeper ways, they strengthen their knowledge of all subjects.

In order to build reading skills, your 6th grader :

• Uses evidence from the text in order to summarize the plot, make inferences about and analyze the text, and determine the central theme or themes in a text.
• Understands and explains the point of view in a text; understands the significance of certain words and passages in a text.
• Understands and relays the main thesis or claims of a non-fiction text and its supporting evidence.
• Reads and compares different texts and genres that address the same topics.
• Uses a variety of media and formats, including video and audio, to further enhance understanding of a topic or text.
• Participates in class-wide and group discussions expressing the ideas and skills learned.
• Practices a variety of vocabulary skills, including using the context in which a word is found to determine the meaning of words, recognizing roots of words, and using digital and physical reference materials (dictionaries, thesauruses, and glossaries).
• Gains an understanding of and the ability to explain figurative language in a text.

6th Grade Writing 

In middle school, 6th graders are encouraged to push themselves further in their writing and write with increased complexity in terms of  length, subject matter, vocabulary, and general writing techniques. At the same time, 6th graders practice and refine many of the skills previously taught to them while enhancing them with the new skills and techniques they learn. 

In order to build writing skills, your 6th grader :

• Writes using more complex vocabulary and about more complex content.
• Writes over extended periods of time, such as when writing long-term research or expressive pieces that may take a week.
• Writes for short amounts of times, such as in one sitting.
• Writes a variety of genres for a variety of audiences.
• Use supporting claims and evidence based on credible texts and resources.
• Include an introduction, a conclusion, and transitions.
• Integrate other forms of media and formats, such as graphs, charts, headings, audio, or video when appropriate.
• Descriptive detail of characters, settings, and experiences.
• A clear structure, with a logical order and flow, thought-out word choice, and a conclusion.
• Plans, revises, and edits writing, with guidance from teachers and peers.
• Writes pieces that display the reading skills achieved, including analysis of text, making comparisons and claims, and developing arguments using specific evidence.
• Uses technology and the Internet to produce and publish writing, work with others, and type a minimum of three pages in one sitting. 

Shop the best resources for sixth grade below! You can find all books and activities at  The Scholastic Store . 

Explore other grade guides: 

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Grades 6-8: Educating Powerful Writers

Grades 6-8 Educating Powerful Writers is a complete writing curriculum.  There are 7-8 distinct units per grade which include outlines of daily lessons, mentor writing texts for each unit, guidance for assessment, sample handouts, and sample lesson plans.  Educating Powerful Writers is a spiraled curriculum that takes students through narrative, informative, argumentative, literary essay, and poetry writing each year.  Each grade offers a distinctly different unit in each of these genres while continuing to build on the skills developed in previous grades to continue educating powerful writers. Additional materials, including student work, will be added to this collection on a rolling basis.

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Sample student work: educating powerful write..., sample student work: educating powerful writers.

Sample student work to be utilized with Grades 6-8 : Educating Powerful Writers Middle School writing curriculum.

Grade 6,units 1- 4: Educating Powerful Writer...

Grade 6,units 1- 4: educating ..., grade 6,units 1- 4: educating powerful writers.

Grade 6, Units 1-4 of the middle school writing curriculum, Educating Powerful Writers: The NYCDOE Middle School Writing Scope and Sequence . This curriculum provides explicit units for writing instruction, mentor texts for each unit, self-assessment checklists for students, a full introduction to support the recommended instructional practices within the curriculum, and supporting materials and handouts for students.

Grade 6, units 5-8: Educating Powerful Writer...

Grade 6, units 5-8: educating ..., grade 6, units 5-8: educating powerful writers.

Grade 6, Units 5-8 of the middle school writing curriculum, Educating Powerful Writers: The NYCDOE Middle School Writing Scope and Sequence .  This curriculum provides explicit units for writing instruction, mentor texts for each unit, self-assessment checklists for students, a full introduction to support the recommended instructional practices within the curriculum, and supporting materials and handouts for students.

Grade 7, units 1-3: Educating Powerful Writer...

Grade 7, units 1-3: educating ..., grade 7, units 1-3: educating powerful writers.

Grade 7, Units 1-3 of the middle school writing curriculum, Educating Powerful Writers: The NYCDOE Middle School Writing Scope and Sequence .  This curriculum provides explicit units for writing instruction, mentor texts for each unit, self-assessment checklists for students, a full introduction to support the recommended instructional practices within the curriculum, and supporting materials and handouts for students.

Grade 7, units 4-8: Educating Powerful Writer...

Grade 7, units 4-8: educating ..., grade 7, units 4-8: educating powerful writers.

Grade 7, Units 4-8 of the middle school writing curriculum, Educating Powerful Writers: The NYCDOE Middle School Writing Scope and Sequence . This curriculum provides explicit units for writing instruction, mentor texts for each unit, self-assessment checklists for students, a full introduction to support the recommended instructional practices within the curriculum, and supporting materials and handouts for students.

Grade 8, units 1-8: Educating Powerful Writer...

Grade 8, units 1-8: educating ..., grade 8, units 1-8: educating powerful writers.

Grade 8, Units 1-8 of the middle school writing curriculum, Educating Powerful Writers: The NYCDOE Middle School Writing Scope and Sequence . This curriculum provides explicit units for writing instruction, mentor texts for each unit, self-assessment checklists for students, a full introduction to support the recommended instructional practices within the curriculum, and supporting materials and handouts for students.

Common Core State Standards Initiative

English Language Arts Standards » Writing » Grade 6

Standards in this strand:, text types and purposes:, production and distribution of writing:, research to build and present knowledge:, range of writing:.

• Key Design Consideration
• Students Who are College and Career Ready in Reading, Writing, Speaking, Listening, & Language
• How to Read the Standards
• College and Career Readiness Anchor Standards for Reading
• College and Career Readiness Anchor Standards for Writing
• College and Career Readiness Anchor Standards for Speaking and Listening
• College and Career Readiness Anchor Standards for Language
• Introduction for K-5
• Kindergarten
• Introduction for 6-12
• Grade 11-12
• Introduction
• Language Progressive Skills
• Measuring Text Complexity: Three Factors
• Range of Text Types for K-5
• Texts Illustrating the Complexity, Quality, & Range of Student Reading K-5
• Staying on Topic Within a Grade & Across Grades
• Range of Text Types for 6-12
• Texts Illustrating the Complexity, Quality, & Range of Student Reading 6-12
• English Language Arts Appendix A
• English Language Arts Appendix B
• English Language Arts Appendix C