law essay proofreading

LAW THESIS PROOFREADING

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Specialising in LLM and PhD editing for candidates who speak English as a second language (ESOL). You cannot always discern the correct word for a particular legal context and terminology.

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01. academic proofreading.

– Spelling, grammar & punctuation – Verb tense & subject-verb – Pronoun-noun agreements – Paraphrasing, rewriting & rewording – Fine-tune vocabulary & word-choice – Strengthen academic writing style

02. Comprehensive Editing

– Repetition & redundancies – Referencing & citation – Correct bibliography & table of contents – Improve statements and arguments – Professional formatting – Layout & style improvements

03. Re-wording & Paraphrasing

– An editor who has the right legal background, who understands your topic; sections of law; legal terms; legal citation and referencing. – Overall review by a second editor, a fresh set of eyes to bring your document to a high level of perfection, so that you feel confident to present your thesis to your supervisors.

ESSAY EDITING

Avoid ‘grammar checker’ tools as they do not pick up the meaning of what you say. Many students resubmit their essay with us after it has been rejected.

RESEARCH PROPOSAL

We can help you develop your research proposal from wherever you are at, edit, proofread it and help you get it accepted by the university of your choice.

PROOFREADING

Get a law professor to edit and proofread your law thesis, someone who knows what your paper is about. We teach your papers at universities.

WRITING SAMPLE

Getting into the LLM, PhD or SJD programme of your choice is a highly competitive business – your application is going to be assessed against many others.

ON AVERAGE 20 ERRORS

Being a native english speaker is not a qualification for editing and proofreading legal documents..

On average we have found that each thesis we receive from students contains on average 20 errors on a single page. Editing and proofreading a thesis of 60,000 – 100,000 words takes about 5 days. This is because our Comprehensive Editing and Proofreading service meets academic and publishing standards.

So is your thesis error-free?

HIRE THE BEST

Our professors teach the following law papers at universities.

We have proofreaders with experience in areas of public international law, private international law, comparative law, international criminal law, international commercial law, arbitration, company law, commercial transactions law, tort law, contract law, property law, interdisciplinary law, terrorism and law, cyber-law, cyber-terrorism, immigration law, nationality law, jurisprudence, sociology and law, civil procedure, criminal procedure and a range of other areas.

So who’s your proofreader?

WRITE A RESEARCH PROPOSAL

Try writing down your ideas and your references, then ensure that it is long enough/contains the correct sections to be considered.

Start reading in the areas that you want to conduct your PhD. Then start writing some notes on what your research will talk about and why it is novel. Add in the references you have so far. Then we can take it from there. 

If you are stuck for ideas, let us know we will help you realise your goals of getting into a PhD program and we will do our best to assist.

MORE THAN JUST EDITING YOUR THESIS

Our editing and proofreading service offers more than just proofreading your thesis or dissertation. If you do some research we think that you will find almost all proofreaders simply read your work and correct obvious spelling and grammar errors. If they are not law professors they will most likely have no idea whether your terminology is correct and they will not even notice incorrect word choices.

This is especially important for an LLM or a PhD candidate who speaks English as a second language (ESOL). You cannot always discern the correct word for a particular legal context since you are not completely familiar with English legal terminology. Even specialist translators sometimes choose the wrong word for a particular legal context because they are translating – they lack the knowledge about the law in English to choose the correct terminology for the correct context.

How to Write a Law Essay: Full Guide

Table of Contents

Introduction to Law Essays

What is a law essay.

A law essay is a scholarly piece of writing which presents a legal analysis, argument, or discussion on a particular legal issue or topic. It requires a student or legal professional to present a well-reasoned argument based on legal principles and evidence.

Importance of Clarity, Structure, and Argumentation

Clarity and structure are paramount in a law essay as they facilitate the reader’s understanding. Argumentation is the vehicle through which the writer conveys their analysis, employing logic and legal reasoning to persuade the reader of their viewpoint.

Understanding the Question

Breaking down the essay question.

• Read Carefully : Understand what the question asks of you.
• Highlight Key Terms : Identify action words and legal concepts.
• Clarify Uncertainties : If any part of the question is unclear, seek clarification.

Identifying Key Terms and Issues

• Definition of Terms : Define legal terms to set the parameters of your essay.
• Issues to Address : Distinguish the main issues that will form the crux of your argument.

Research Techniques

Primary vs. secondary sources of law.

• Primary Sources : These are texts of law themselves, such as statutes, cases, regulations.
• Secondary Sources : These include academic articles, textbooks, and legal commentaries that provide analysis of primary sources.

Utilizing Law Libraries and Online Databases Effectively

• Law Libraries : Offer comprehensive access to physical and digital legal resources.
• Online Databases : Platforms like Westlaw or LexisNexis provide extensive legal databases for research.

Structuring the Essay

The significance of a clear introduction, body, and conclusion.

• Introduction : Outlines the issue, states the thesis, and describes the structure of the essay.
• Body : Presents arguments in a logical sequence, each supported by evidence and analysis.
• Conclusion : Summarizes the main points and restates the thesis in light of the arguments presented.

How to Outline Arguments Logically and Coherently

• Point, Evidence, Explanation : For each argument, state your point, back it with evidence, and explain its relevance.
• Logical Flow : Ensure each argument naturally leads to the next.
• Coherence : Make sure all parts of the essay work together to support the thesis.

Legal Argumentation

Developing arguments and counter-arguments.

• Constructing Your Argument : Develop a clear, concise thesis statement and support it with legal reasoning and evidence.
• Anticipating Counter-Arguments : Identify potential opposing views and prepare rebuttals to strengthen your position.
• Using Precedent : Analyze case law to support your argument, showing how past decisions apply to your issue.
• Statutory Interpretation : Use the rules of interpretation to argue how legislation should be applied to your case.

Referencing and Citations

Proper use of a legal citation guide.

• Choosing a Citation Style : Adhere to the prescribed citation style, such as OSCOLA or Bluebook.
• Consistency : Be consistent in formatting all your citations according to the chosen guide.

Avoiding Plagiarism and Paraphrasing

• Originality : Always credit original authors for their ideas.
• Paraphrasing : Learn to paraphrase legal concepts accurately without changing their meaning.

Writing Style and Language

Appropriate language for legal writing.

• Formality : Use a formal tone that reflects the seriousness of the subject matter.
• Precision : Choose words that convey your meaning precisely.

Clarity in Argumentation

• Avoiding Legalese : Use plain language where possible to make your writing accessible.
• Simplicity : Complex ideas should be broken down into simple, understandable statements.

Editing and Proofreading

Techniques for effective editing.

• Structure : Check that your essay has a clear introduction, body, and conclusion.
• Clarity : Remove any ambiguity and ensure your points are clear and concise.

Importance of Feedback

• Peer Review : Have peers or mentors review your work to gain different perspectives.
• Incorporate Feedback : Use constructive criticism to refine and strengthen your essay.

Summarizing Arguments

• Restate Key Points : Briefly summarize the main arguments of your essay.
• Conciseness : Keep your conclusion short and to the point, avoiding the introduction of new information.

Reiterating the Response to the Essay Question

• Answer the Question : Clearly state how your essay has addressed the central question.
• Closing Statement : End with a strong closing statement that encapsulates the essence of your argument.

In crafting your law essay, integrating these elements of legal argumentation, proper referencing, careful language choice, and diligent editing will contribute to a persuasive and scholarly piece of writing. Always remember to answer the essay question directly and fully, using a structured argument supported by legal sources and your own critical analysis.

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Expert Tips for Proofreading Your Law School Application

People make mistakes. That’s only natural. But you can’t afford to make mistakes on your law school application.

It takes time to fill out law school applications, and fatigue can lead to errors. Factor in multiple applications with different requirements for each, and you’re even more likely to make an error. While a misspelling won’t make or break your admission decision, when the stakes are high you don’t want anything keeping you from that acceptance letter.

Take time to to carefully proofread your entire application. Here are six expert tips to follow when proofreading your law school application.

Make Sure You Use the Right School Name

This might sound like an obvious tip, but in the mass of multiple applications and copying and pasting, it’s an easy mistake to make. Go over your applications one-by-one to make sure you used the correct school name in your essays and other materials.

Check Length Requirements

Your applications won’t all have the same material length requirements, so before you send off the same personal statement with each of your applications, make sure it’s the correct length. If your application specifically asks for a one page resume, don’t send two pages.

Submit the Right Materials

Just as schools have different length requirements, they may have different material requirements, too. Review the instructions for each application and make sure you’ve included everything it requires, in the right quantity and the right length.

Have Someone Else Proofread

After looking at applications for so long, your eyes may glance over misspellings or specific instructions. Pay close attention to proper nouns, even in addresses. Attention to detail is crucial in your chosen career path, and admissions teams will look for consistency and adherence to standards.

Enlist a second pair of eyes to go over your application to pick up on anything you might have missed.

Distance Yourself and Read it Again

Give yourself a few hours or a few days away from the filling out and sending of applications. The distance will give you enough space to look over your application with fresh eyes and pick out anything that you want to change.

Read Your Personal Statement Backwards

When you’re reading your own words, your brain will fill in missing words and double words in favor of what you meant to say. Interrupt the flow by reading the entire personal statement backwards -- one sentence at a time.

Don’t Nitpick

Proofreading your application doesn’t mean spending 10 minutes trying to figure out if you should use the word “thinking” or “deliberating.” It’s just not that important. Spend your time editing for ease of reading, but don’t get hung up on minor things.

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Guide On Completing Law Essays for Students in the UK

How To Develop Your Critical Thinking Skills

What is dental negligence?

• essay writing
• law students

Writing a legal assignment is a daunting task, especially for students who do not possess the skills needed to create a good piece. To report a good law essay, you need to have a legal background that will enable you to conduct your analysis with ease or you can paper  i need someone to write my essay for me

A student has to demonstrate his or her ability to analyze a legal topic and describe it in a simple, logical, and clear way. Like other essays, your opinion will rely on facts. Writing and completing a law essay is simple especially for students in law university. All you have to do is follow the tips that we are going to discuss today.

Defining a law essay

Laws are rules that are enforced by government authorities to maintain order. Law essays are papers written by students to analyze different aspects of the law and provide different views and opinions on the subject. These views also describe the strength and weaknesses of a particular legal topic.

1.    Starting a law essay

How do you start writing a law assignment? You start by identifying a great topic that will act as the foundation of your essay. After identifying a good topic, you explore the question in your subject area. The subject area will help you in understanding the issues that you need to address. Your professor expects you to provide good answers in the body section.

Another important part of a law essay is the title. You need to create a captivating and compelling title that will get readers interested in reading the piece. Start by coming up with a captivating intro that creates the desired impression. Your opening remarks should indicate what the reader should expect to find in your paper.

2.    Finding a good topic

Since most legal papers focus on legal analysis, you’ll need to do your research in your area of study. You’ll be in a comfortable position to write your essay after you’ve familiarized yourself with the topic. Don’t forget to list your information sources since they’ll be required at the end of your essay. For your insights or arguments to be effective, you’ll need to present them in a structured approach.

3.    Create an outline

Without a good outline, you don’t have the assurance that you’ll get your desired results. To create an outline, you’ll need to come up with a draft that includes all the main arguments and ideas that you’ll include in your copy. A structured blueprint gives you a reference point that helps you formulate and turn ideas into words. With an outline, you’ll easily focus on the topic at hand and the main topics.

4.    Include all the sections

Just like any other essay, a law essay is made up of three sections namely the intro, body, and conclusion. The intro consists of one paragraph that finalizes with a thesis statement. The body includes around three or four paragraphs that elaborate on the theme and arguments. The conclusion summarizes the essay.

1.     The Introduction

The introduction part introduces the reader to the subject at hand by summarizing the arguments of the essay. It is an opportunity to get the attention of the audience by focusing on the value of the topic. The introduction ends with a thesis statement that justifies the objectives of the essay.

2.     The body

The body is a key element of the essay. It allows you to state your main arguments that support your thesis statement. Do not be afraid of giving counter-arguments on the issues that you are supporting. However, your claims have to be supported by reliable sources of information.

The opinions that you include in your essay should indicate a clear understanding of the subject matter. The body part needs to challenge and persuade readers to adopt your thoughts. If you’ll be tackling different elements, it’s important to divide your body into sub-headings.

3.     The conclusion

The conclusion summarizes your point of view by restating your thesis statement. Your body needs to address all the critical questions for you to be in a position to conclude with a comprehensive answer. Never introduce a new idea in the conclusion. You also need to be objective in your final remarks especially when describing your personal view.

To conclude

Before we conclude this article, we’ve decided to share a few critical tips on certain aspects of your essay that deserve your attention. You need to:

• Present your paper in a neat and organized way
• Use coherent and effective structures when labeling your subheadings
• Demonstrate your ability to apply the law using your arguments
• Develop systematic and logical arguments

Writing a law essay shouldn’t be difficult with the tips that we’ve discussed here. The most important thing when writing such essays is creativity. You need to prepared to think outside the box. After writing your essay, remember to proofread at least three times before submitting it.

Camilla Uppal

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How to Write a Law Essay

Last Updated: August 11, 2023

This article was co-authored by Clinton M. Sandvick, JD, PhD . Clinton M. Sandvick worked as a civil litigator in California for over 7 years. He received his JD from the University of Wisconsin-Madison in 1998 and his PhD in American History from the University of Oregon in 2013. This article has been viewed 239,974 times.

In a college legal studies course, and in some law school courses, you may be required to write a research paper addressing a legal topic. These essays can be tricky, because the law is constantly evolving. To secure a top grade, your essay must be well-researched and coherently argued. With proper planning and research, you can write a stellar legal essay. [Note: this article does not address how to write law school essay exams or bar exam questions, which require different techniques and strategies.]

Choosing an Essay Topic

• A narrow essay prompt might read, "Discuss the evolution and impact of the exclusionary rule of evidence in the United States." A broad prompt might read, "Discuss how a civil rights movement led to changes in federal and/or state law."
• If you are invited to choose your own topic, your professor may require you to submit a written proposal or outline to ensure that your chosen topic complies with the prompt. If you are not sure if your topic is within the parameters of the prompt, propose your topic to your professor after class or during his or her office hours.

• Hopefully, your course readings, lectures, and class discussions will have given you enough background knowledge to select a topic. If not, review your class notes and browse online for additional background information.
• It is not uncommon to change your topic after doing some research. You may end up narrowing the questions your essay will answer, or changing your topic completely.

• If you can, try to focus on an are of the law that affects you. For example, if your family is involved in agriculture, you may be interested in writing about water use regulations .

Researching Your Topic

• If you are prohibited from citing internet resources, you can still use online research to guide you to physical primary and secondary sources in your local library or bookstore.

• Look at footnotes, citations, and indexes in tertiary sources. These are great for finding books, articles, and legal cases that are relevant to your topic. Also take note of the names of authors, who may have written multiple works on your topic.

• Also find search engines for related fields, such as history or political science. Ask your librarian to recommend specialized search engines tailored to other disciplines that may have contributed to your topic.

• Never cut and paste from the web into your notes or essay. This often leads to inadvertent plagiarism because students forget what is a quotation and what is paraphrasing. When gathering sources, paraphrase or add quotation marks in your outline.
• Plagiarism is a serious offense. If you ultimately hope to be a lawyer, an accusation of plagiarism could prevent you from passing the character and fitness review.

Drafting the Essay

• An effective introduction takes the reader out of his world and into the world of your essay. [2] X Trustworthy Source University of North Carolina Writing Center UNC's on-campus and online instructional service that provides assistance to students, faculty, and others during the writing process Go to source Explain why the subject is important and briefly summarizes the rest of your argument. After reading your introduction, your reader should know what you are going to discuss and in what order you will be discussing it.
• Be prepared to revise your introduction later. Summarizing your essay will be easier after you have written it, especially if you deviate from your outline.

• State each argument of your essay as a statement that, if true, would support your thesis statement.
• Provide supporting information drawn from primary and secondary sources that support your argument. Remember to cite your sources.
• Provide your own original analysis, explaining to the reader that based on the primary and secondary sources you have presented, the reader should be persuaded by your argument.

Formatting Your Essay

Proofreading the Essay

• Open up a Word document. On the Quick Access Toolbar at the top, click on the down arrow. The words “Customize Quick Access Toolbar” will appear when you hover over the arrow for two seconds.
• Click on the arrow. Then click on “More Commands.”
• In the “Choose commands from” drop-down box, choose “All commands.”
• Scroll down to find “Speak.” Highlight this and then click “add.” Then click “okay.” Now the Speak function should appear on your Quick Access Toolbar.
• Highlight the text you want read back to you, and then click on the Speak icon. The text will be read back to you.

• Do not rely on a spell checker exclusively, as it will not catch typos like "statute" versus "statue."

Revising the Essay

• You can share the essay with someone outside of class, but a classmate more likely has the requisite knowledge to understand the subject matter of the essay.

Expert Q&A

You might also like.

• ↑ https://owl.english.purdue.edu/engagement/2/2/53/
• ↑ http://writingcenter.unc.edu/handouts/introductions/
• ↑ https://www.legalbluebook.com/
• ↑ https://support.office.com/en-ca/article/Using-the-Speak-text-to-speech-feature-459e7704-a76d-4fe2-ab48-189d6b83333c

About This Article

To write a law essay, start by writing a thesis statement on your chosen topic. Phrase your thesis statement as an argument, using words like “because” or “therefore” to state your point. Write an outline of the arguments you will use to support your thesis statement, then use that outline to build the body of your paper. Include any counter-arguments, but use your evidence to convince the reader why your point of view is valid, and the counter-arguments are not. Be sure to cite all of your sources in the format preferred by your professor. For tips from our reviewer on finding the best sources for your topic, keep reading! Did this summary help you? Yes No

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Our legal professionals will check your paper with legal aspects too, either you have used relevant law in order to solve your problem or not? Law is a much-diversified field in which changes, amendments and additions are made on a daily basis and it is very difficult for a common man to keep track of all those changes. Our legal experts are continuously upgrading their knowledge by attending different sessions arranged by professional judges/practicing lawyers. Our team loves to learn and enhance their knowledge by attending our online short courses on diverse topics/subjects.

Our editors and proofreaders will polish your write up by rewriting your content where necessary. Moreover, there are always some technical vocabularies of each subject and our subject matter experts incorporate correct vocabulary in your paper. Our team ensures to use dynamic tables, figures and charts in your document in order to make it more professional. All our editors and proofreader are native speakers from the USA & UK.

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MOSCOW V/O EXPORTKHLEB v. HELMVILLE LTD. (THE "JOCELYNE")

[1977] 2 lloyd's rep. 121, queen's bench division (commercial court), before mr. justice brandon.

Charter-party (Voyage) - Arbitration clause - Stay of action - Clause stating that all claims barred if arbitrator not appointed by claimant within stated period after delivery of goods - Charter-party to be superseded by bill of lading if bill of lading in specified form - Bill of lading issued but not in specified form - No arbitration clause in bill of lading - Goods damaged - Action brought by charterer against shipowner - Application by shipowner for stay of action - Whether charter-party including arbitration clause still governed relationship between parties. Arbitration - Appointment of arbitrator - Court's power to extend time for appointment - Factors to be considered - "Undue hardship" - Arbitration Act 1950, s. 27.

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A Chronicle of Current Events

For human rights & freedom of expression in the ussr, the podrabinek case, dec 1977 to feb 1978 (48.7).

<<No 48 : 14 March 1978>>

On 1 December 1977, the brothers Alexander and Kirill PODRABINEK (CCE 47) and their father Pinkhos Abramovich PODRABINEK were summoned for a chat by Yu.S. Belov, chief of a department at the Moscow City and Regional KGB. Alexander refused to appear.

“On behalf of the Committee for State Security ” (Belov told Kirill and his father Pinkhos Podrabinek)

“I suggest that you and your families leave the Soviet Union and go abroad via Israel within 20 days. There is enough material against you, Kirill Pinkhosovich, to institute criminal proceedings. You, Pinkhos Abramovich, are also known to us for your anti-social activities. An act of humanity is being offered to you both. I advise you to make use of it.”

Alexander (b. 1953) and Kirill Podrabinek (b. 1952)

The same evening Alexander Podrabinek was arrested on the street and taken to the KGB. Belov presented him, too, with an ultimatum: all three must leave the country, otherwise criminal proceedings would be instituted against both brothers.

Belov let it be understood that the absence of an invitation and difficulties with money would not be obstacles. Belov stressed that they could only leave all together.

HOSTAGE-TAKING

Many painful disputes have sprung up around the moral problems arising from KGB’s ultimatums and blackmail. The Chronicle cannot present the arguments but at least it can accurately convey the stance of participants in such events by reproducing all their statements in sufficient detail.

On 6 December 1977, there was a press conference at Andrei Sakharov ’s flat. Pinkhos PODRABINEK read out a “Statement for the Belgrade Conference [note 1] and the Press”:

“A distinctive feature of this case is the KGB’s use of the hostage system. Not one of us can determine his own fate independently, and a decision about the fate of three people has been placed by the KGB on Alexander Podrabinek alone, in whose departure the authorities are most of all interested. “We categorically refuse to accept such conditions and insist on our right to make our choices independently…”

Then Alexander PODRABINEK read out his “Reply” to the KGB’s proposal:

“I would like to draw the attention of the world public to my brother’s painful position and to the dirty tactics of the KGB — tactics of intimidation and terror. The whole world condemns the hijacking of aeroplanes and the taking of passengers as hostages, yet the KGB is using the very same method with regard to my brother, a method commonly used by terrorists. In the situation that has arisen the most painful thing for me is my brother’s fate. “At the KGB they insistently advised me to take advantage of this ‘humane act of the Soviet government’, as they expressed it. I regard this proposal as unconcealed blackmail by the KGB. “They have given me four days to reflect. On 5 December I have to give my reply. A reply that means a great deal to me. “This is my reply.

“I do not wish to go to prison. I value even the semblance of freedom which I possess now. I know that I would be able to live freely in the West and at last receive a real education. I know that there I would not have four agents at my heels, threatening to beat me up or push me under a train.

“Over there, I know, they will not put me in a concentration camp or a psychiatric hospital for attempting to defend people who are denied their rights and oppressed. Over there, I know, one breathes easily. While here one does so with difficulty, and they stop your mouth and stifle you if you speak too loudly. I know that our country is unhappy and doomed to suffering.

“And that is why I am staying.

“I do not want to go to prison, but neither do I fear a camp. I value my own freedom as I value my brother’s, but I am not bargaining for it. I will not give in to any blackmail.

“A clear conscience is dearer to me than material well-being. I was born in Russia. This is my country, and I must remain here, however hard it may be and however easy in the West. As far as I am able, I will go on defending those whose rights are being so brazenly trampled on in our country.

“That is my reply. I am staying.”

After this Alexander Podrabinek added that he would agree to leave the country only if Kirill were to ask him to do so.

On 7 December 1977, Kirill PODRABINEK made a statement:

KGB Blackmail

1. The KGB is using the hostage-taking method. They are basically blackmailing my brother Alexander, while I am the hostage. 2. The very formulation of the question: ‘leave or we will put you in prison’, is contrary to the law. If a man has committed a crime he must be prosecuted. However, in this case the KGB does not want to stage a new political trial but prefers to dispatch us abroad. The KGB has employed a well-calculated device — to exploit the insolubility of a situation with a hostage. All this blackmail is patently a consequence of the public stand taken by our family … “If any one of the three of us is arrested and any charge whatsoever brought against him, it can only be viewed as an act of revenge by the KGB and not as a requirement of justice.”

On 12 December 1977, Kirill Podrabinek informed Belov that he had decided to leave. Belov replied that Kirill could hand in his emigration documents, and on the same day Kirill did so. On 14 December Kirill Podrabinek made an addition to his previous statement:

“On 12 December, I telephoned investigator Belov at the KGB. Permission to go abroad has been granted; there was no mention of my only being able to leave only with my brother. Does this mean that the KGB has given up its hostage-taking and will really allow me to leave? In the very near future this will become clear … In view of all the circumstances, and fearing for my life” (see CCE 47) “I have taken the decision to leave.” *

KIRILL PODRABINEK (b. 1952)

On 27 December 1977, the police in Elektrostal (Moscow Region) brought charges against Kirill Podrabinek under Article 215 (RSFSR Criminal Code: “Illegal possession of arms, ammunition” etc). Kirill refused to sign the record of this charge. Investigator Radygin obtained his written undertaking not to leave town but said he would not need Kirill before the middle of January and, if need be, he could go to Moscow.

When Kirill Podrabinek came out of the Elektrostal police station he was met at the door by KGB Investigator Belov, who had arrived from Moscow. The condition of Kirill’s departure remained unchanged, Belov said, and gave him three days in which to persuade his brother to agree to leave.

From that day onwards, KGB employees began trailing Kirill Podrabinek . (His brother Alexander had been under a similar “escort” since 10 October 1977, see below). The same day 22 Muscovites issued a statement:

“Wishing to force Alexander Podrabinek to leave the country, the KGB is openly blackmailing him with his brother’s fate. A method of hostage-taking used thus far only by irresponsible criminal-terrorists is in the present case being adopted as a weapon by the official representatives of a powerful State. This blackmail clearly demonstrates the value of the charges brought against Kirill Podrabinek. “We call upon our fellow countrymen and world public opinion to protest against the use of hostage-taking, unprecedented in the practice of civilized states. We call upon our fellow countrymen and world public opinion to follow attentively the fate of the Podrabinek family.”

On 28 December Kirill Podrabinek made a statement:

State Terrorism

“… The KGB has resorted to hostage-taking. My brother Alexander has made a statement for the press saying that he does not wish to leave, but he will leave if I so demand. “Under no circumstances will I make this demand of Alexander. In the first place, that would mean becoming a blind instrument of blackmail in the hands of the KGB, exploiting a situation created by them for my own sake. In the second place, it is impossible for me to even ask, let alone demand such a thing. “However, I have resolved to pursue my chosen line of action and try to obtain permission to leave.”

On the evening of 29 December 1977, Kirill Podrabinek was arrested.

On the day of his arrest, he declared a hunger strike. After a few days he was transferred from Elektrostal to Moscow, to the MVD’s detention centre on Matrosskaya Tishina Street.

The first response to Kirill’s arrest was “The Christmas ‘Feat’ of the KGB”, a short article by Victor Nekipelov [note 2]:

“… The arrest of Kirill Podrabinek is an act of deliberate, demonstrative revenge. The authorities know full well that they are thereby dealing the severest blow to both Alexander Podrabinek – Take that for not accepting our offer! – and to his father — While you didn’t steer your sons to a compromise!”

On 1 January 1978, Yevgeny Nikolayev (see “In the Psychiatric Hospitals”, CCE 48.12 ) sent a letter to the RSFSR Procurator’s Office, protesting against the arrest of Kirill Podrabinek.

On 4 January 1978, Alexander and Pinkhos Podrabinek asked Belov for a meeting with Kirill.

Belov refused but promised to pass Kirill a note from them, “if there are no objections on the part of the investigator”. In the note Alexander and his father asked Kirill: “Do you agree to leave if there is no need to ask Alexander to do the same?”

On the same day, at 11.30 pm, Belov came to Elektrostal to see Pinkhos Podrabinek . He informed him that the investigator “had not allowed” the note to be passed to Kirill. If Alexander handed in his application to emigrate within three days, however, all three could leave the USSR. Otherwise, Alexander  would also be arrested. Belov suggested that P.A. Podrabinek go at once to Moscow and persuade Alexander to change his mind: he even gave Pinkhos Abramovich a lift back to Moscow in his car.

On 5 January 1978, Alexander Podrabinek appealed in an open letter to Amnesty International, calling on the organisation to speak out in Kirill’s defence.

On 9 January Alexander Podrabinek telephoned Belov at the KGB. When Belov asked if he intended to leave, Alexander replied that he could only decide this matter together with his brother.

On 15 January 1978, the Christian Committee for the Defence of Believers’ Rights in the USSR called upon “world public opinion” to speak out in defence of Kirill Podrabinek and condemn the policy of hostage-taking.

At the beginning of February 1978, the Podrabineks were summoned to Elektrostal for interrogation in connection with Kirill’s case.

Pinkhos Podrabinek replied to questions about Kirill but refused to sign a record of the interrogation. Alexander declined to answer questions, stating that the case was inspired by the KGB and was being conducted with violations of norms laid down in the Code of Criminal Procedure.

ALEXANDER PODRABINEK (b. 1953)

From 10 October 1977, Alexander Podrabinek was under constant KGB surveillance. Round the clock he was pursued by two cars carrying seven or eight employees of the security services.

Whenever he was inside a building the cars stood in front of the doorway. Whenever he walked along the street or travelled in public transport there were always several agents at his side. They threatened Alexander’s acquaintances and took photographs of them. Sometimes they interfered more actively with the life of their charge: on Sunday 18 December the escort prohibited Alexander from going skiing with friends in the Orekhovo-Borisovo district [Moscow Region]. Podrabinek wrote about this incident to [KGB chairman] Andropov:

“… Since 10 October of this year I have been under the continuous and unconcealed observation of our glorious Chekists. Defending the State’s security, I understand, it is essential for the KGB to search my home, call me as a witness in the case of Yury Orlov, suggest that I leave the USSR, blackmail me, make an attempt on my brother’s life, and do much else to ensure that I do not, accidentally, undermine the foundations of the Soviet political and social system. All this I understand. “I am not even particularly annoyed when one of the eight officers who perpetually watch over me swears he will break my legs or push me under a train. I understand the full difficulty of this highly complex, responsible and dangerous work and do not get angry with these heroic young people who, performing their civic duty, freeze on cold December nights outside the entrance to my house or squeeze after me onto a city bus in the rush-hour. I am enraptured by their daring, their persistence and their indifference to the cold … “Citizen Andropov! On behalf of myself and six of my friends I beg you: Provide your employees with skis and toboggans and, please, teach them how to use them, if they do not know. Then I shall be able to enjoy my on Sundays and the KGB will be able to work normally and not violate the Soviet Constitution. This can only enhance the reputation of our valiant organs and promote their physical development.”

From January 1978, the constant “escort” was replaced from time to time by ‘ordinary’ shadowing.

The security services are trying by any means to prevent Alexander Podrabinek from continuing his activities on the Working Commission (to Investigate the Use of Psychiatry for Political Purposes). In particular, they are hampering him from meeting, in the flats of his Moscow friends, people who have been subjected to “psychiatric persecution” and their relatives. Podrabinek and his friend Dmitry Leontyev , in whose flat he was living, were fined for violating the city residence regulations. Podrabinek was forbidden to continue residing at the flat.

Alexander Podrabinek was warned that he was liable to be charged with “parasitism”. In February 1978, having given his shadow the slip, he managed to get a job as a medical orderly (he is a qualified paramedic).

The pre-trial investigation of Kirill Podrabinek ’s case was completed in February 1978.

=======================

[1] Representatives of all 35 member-States of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) assembed in the Yugoslav capital Belgrade to discuss the implementation of the 1975 Helsinki Accords five years on.

[2] Victor Nekipelov

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