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How to Write an Argumentative Essay | Examples & Tips

Published on July 24, 2020 by Jack Caulfield . Revised on July 23, 2023.

An argumentative essay expresses an extended argument for a particular thesis statement . The author takes a clearly defined stance on their subject and builds up an evidence-based case for it.

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Table of contents

When do you write an argumentative essay, approaches to argumentative essays, introducing your argument, the body: developing your argument, concluding your argument, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about argumentative essays.

You might be assigned an argumentative essay as a writing exercise in high school or in a composition class. The prompt will often ask you to argue for one of two positions, and may include terms like “argue” or “argument.” It will frequently take the form of a question.

The prompt may also be more open-ended in terms of the possible arguments you could make.

Argumentative writing at college level

At university, the vast majority of essays or papers you write will involve some form of argumentation. For example, both rhetorical analysis and literary analysis essays involve making arguments about texts.

In this context, you won’t necessarily be told to write an argumentative essay—but making an evidence-based argument is an essential goal of most academic writing, and this should be your default approach unless you’re told otherwise.

Examples of argumentative essay prompts

At a university level, all the prompts below imply an argumentative essay as the appropriate response.

Your research should lead you to develop a specific position on the topic. The essay then argues for that position and aims to convince the reader by presenting your evidence, evaluation and analysis.

• Don’t just list all the effects you can think of.
• Do develop a focused argument about the overall effect and why it matters, backed up by evidence from sources.
• Don’t just provide a selection of data on the measures’ effectiveness.
• Do build up your own argument about which kinds of measures have been most or least effective, and why.
• Don’t just analyze a random selection of doppelgänger characters.
• Do form an argument about specific texts, comparing and contrasting how they express their thematic concerns through doppelgänger characters.

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An argumentative essay should be objective in its approach; your arguments should rely on logic and evidence, not on exaggeration or appeals to emotion.

There are many possible approaches to argumentative essays, but there are two common models that can help you start outlining your arguments: The Toulmin model and the Rogerian model.

Toulmin arguments

The Toulmin model consists of four steps, which may be repeated as many times as necessary for the argument:

• Make a claim
• Provide the grounds (evidence) for the claim
• Explain the warrant (how the grounds support the claim)
• Discuss possible rebuttals to the claim, identifying the limits of the argument and showing that you have considered alternative perspectives

The Toulmin model is a common approach in academic essays. You don’t have to use these specific terms (grounds, warrants, rebuttals), but establishing a clear connection between your claims and the evidence supporting them is crucial in an argumentative essay.

Say you’re making an argument about the effectiveness of workplace anti-discrimination measures. You might:

• Claim that unconscious bias training does not have the desired results, and resources would be better spent on other approaches
• Cite data to support your claim
• Explain how the data indicates that the method is ineffective
• Anticipate objections to your claim based on other data, indicating whether these objections are valid, and if not, why not.

Rogerian arguments

The Rogerian model also consists of four steps you might repeat throughout your essay:

• Discuss what the opposing position gets right and why people might hold this position
• Highlight the problems with this position
• Present your own position , showing how it addresses these problems
• Suggest a possible compromise —what elements of your position would proponents of the opposing position benefit from adopting?

This model builds up a clear picture of both sides of an argument and seeks a compromise. It is particularly useful when people tend to disagree strongly on the issue discussed, allowing you to approach opposing arguments in good faith.

Say you want to argue that the internet has had a positive impact on education. You might:

• Acknowledge that students rely too much on websites like Wikipedia
• Argue that teachers view Wikipedia as more unreliable than it really is
• Suggest that Wikipedia’s system of citations can actually teach students about referencing
• Suggest critical engagement with Wikipedia as a possible assignment for teachers who are skeptical of its usefulness.

You don’t necessarily have to pick one of these models—you may even use elements of both in different parts of your essay—but it’s worth considering them if you struggle to structure your arguments.

Regardless of which approach you take, your essay should always be structured using an introduction , a body , and a conclusion .

Like other academic essays, an argumentative essay begins with an introduction . The introduction serves to capture the reader’s interest, provide background information, present your thesis statement , and (in longer essays) to summarize the structure of the body.

Hover over different parts of the example below to see how a typical introduction works.

The spread of the internet has had a world-changing effect, not least on the world of education. The use of the internet in academic contexts is on the rise, and its role in learning is hotly debated. For many teachers who did not grow up with this technology, its effects seem alarming and potentially harmful. This concern, while understandable, is misguided. The negatives of internet use are outweighed by its critical benefits for students and educators—as a uniquely comprehensive and accessible information source; a means of exposure to and engagement with different perspectives; and a highly flexible learning environment.

The body of an argumentative essay is where you develop your arguments in detail. Here you’ll present evidence, analysis, and reasoning to convince the reader that your thesis statement is true.

In the standard five-paragraph format for short essays, the body takes up three of your five paragraphs. In longer essays, it will be more paragraphs, and might be divided into sections with headings.

Each paragraph covers its own topic, introduced with a topic sentence . Each of these topics must contribute to your overall argument; don’t include irrelevant information.

This example paragraph takes a Rogerian approach: It first acknowledges the merits of the opposing position and then highlights problems with that position.

Hover over different parts of the example to see how a body paragraph is constructed.

A common frustration for teachers is students’ use of Wikipedia as a source in their writing. Its prevalence among students is not exaggerated; a survey found that the vast majority of the students surveyed used Wikipedia (Head & Eisenberg, 2010). An article in The Guardian stresses a common objection to its use: “a reliance on Wikipedia can discourage students from engaging with genuine academic writing” (Coomer, 2013). Teachers are clearly not mistaken in viewing Wikipedia usage as ubiquitous among their students; but the claim that it discourages engagement with academic sources requires further investigation. This point is treated as self-evident by many teachers, but Wikipedia itself explicitly encourages students to look into other sources. Its articles often provide references to academic publications and include warning notes where citations are missing; the site’s own guidelines for research make clear that it should be used as a starting point, emphasizing that users should always “read the references and check whether they really do support what the article says” (“Wikipedia:Researching with Wikipedia,” 2020). Indeed, for many students, Wikipedia is their first encounter with the concepts of citation and referencing. The use of Wikipedia therefore has a positive side that merits deeper consideration than it often receives.

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An argumentative essay ends with a conclusion that summarizes and reflects on the arguments made in the body.

No new arguments or evidence appear here, but in longer essays you may discuss the strengths and weaknesses of your argument and suggest topics for future research. In all conclusions, you should stress the relevance and importance of your argument.

Hover over the following example to see the typical elements of a conclusion.

The internet has had a major positive impact on the world of education; occasional pitfalls aside, its value is evident in numerous applications. The future of teaching lies in the possibilities the internet opens up for communication, research, and interactivity. As the popularity of distance learning shows, students value the flexibility and accessibility offered by digital education, and educators should fully embrace these advantages. The internet’s dangers, real and imaginary, have been documented exhaustively by skeptics, but the internet is here to stay; it is time to focus seriously on its potential for good.

If you want to know more about AI tools , college essays , or fallacies make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples or go directly to our tools!

• Ad hominem fallacy
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• False cause fallacy
• Sunk cost fallacy

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An argumentative essay tends to be a longer essay involving independent research, and aims to make an original argument about a topic. Its thesis statement makes a contentious claim that must be supported in an objective, evidence-based way.

An expository essay also aims to be objective, but it doesn’t have to make an original argument. Rather, it aims to explain something (e.g., a process or idea) in a clear, concise way. Expository essays are often shorter assignments and rely less on research.

At college level, you must properly cite your sources in all essays , research papers , and other academic texts (except exams and in-class exercises).

Add a citation whenever you quote , paraphrase , or summarize information or ideas from a source. You should also give full source details in a bibliography or reference list at the end of your text.

The exact format of your citations depends on which citation style you are instructed to use. The most common styles are APA , MLA , and Chicago .

The majority of the essays written at university are some sort of argumentative essay . Unless otherwise specified, you can assume that the goal of any essay you’re asked to write is argumentative: To convince the reader of your position using evidence and reasoning.

In composition classes you might be given assignments that specifically test your ability to write an argumentative essay. Look out for prompts including instructions like “argue,” “assess,” or “discuss” to see if this is the goal.

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Argumentative Essay Examples to Inspire You (+ Free Formula)

Table of contents

Meredith Sell

Have you ever been asked to explain your opinion on a controversial issue? 

• Maybe your family got into a discussion about chemical pesticides
• Someone at work argues against investing resources into your project
• Your partner thinks intermittent fasting is the best way to lose weight and you disagree

Proving your point in an argumentative essay can be challenging, unless you are using a proven formula.

Argumentative essay formula & example

In the image below, you can see a recommended structure for argumentative essays. It starts with the topic sentence, which establishes the main idea of the essay. Next, this hypothesis is developed in the development stage. Then, the rebuttal, or the refutal of the main counter argument or arguments. Then, again, development of the rebuttal. This is followed by an example, and ends with a summary. This is a very basic structure, but it gives you a bird-eye-view of how a proper argumentative essay can be built.

Writing an argumentative essay (for a class, a news outlet, or just for fun) can help you improve your understanding of an issue and sharpen your thinking on the matter. Using researched facts and data, you can explain why you or others think the way you do, even while other reasonable people disagree.

Free AI argumentative essay generator > Free AI argumentative essay generator >

What Is an Argumentative Essay?

An argumentative essay is an explanatory essay that takes a side.

Instead of appealing to emotion and personal experience to change the reader’s mind, an argumentative essay uses logic and well-researched factual information to explain why the thesis in question is the most reasonable opinion on the matter.  

Over several paragraphs or pages, the author systematically walks through:

• The opposition (and supporting evidence)
• The chosen thesis (and its supporting evidence)

At the end, the author leaves the decision up to the reader, trusting that the case they’ve made will do the work of changing the reader’s mind. Even if the reader’s opinion doesn’t change, they come away from the essay with a greater understanding of the perspective presented — and perhaps a better understanding of their original opinion.

All of that might make it seem like writing an argumentative essay is way harder than an emotionally-driven persuasive essay — but if you’re like me and much more comfortable spouting facts and figures than making impassioned pleas, you may find that an argumentative essay is easier to write. 

Plus, the process of researching an argumentative essay means you can check your assumptions and develop an opinion that’s more based in reality than what you originally thought. I know for sure that my opinions need to be fact checked — don’t yours?

So how exactly do we write the argumentative essay?

How do you start an argumentative essay

First, gain a clear understanding of what exactly an argumentative essay is. To formulate a proper topic sentence, you have to be clear on your topic, and to explore it through research.

Students have difficulty starting an essay because the whole task seems intimidating, and they are afraid of spending too much time on the topic sentence. Experienced writers, however, know that there is no set time to spend on figuring out your topic. It's a real exploration that is based to a large extent on intuition.

6 Steps to Write an Argumentative Essay (Persuasion Formula)

Use this checklist to tackle your essay one step at a time:

1. Research an issue with an arguable question

To start, you need to identify an issue that well-informed people have varying opinions on. Here, it’s helpful to think of one core topic and how it intersects with another (or several other) issues. That intersection is where hot takes and reasonable (or unreasonable) opinions abound. 

I find it helpful to stage the issue as a question.

For example: 

Is it better to legislate the minimum size of chicken enclosures or to outlaw the sale of eggs from chickens who don’t have enough space?

Should snow removal policies focus more on effectively keeping roads clear for traffic or the environmental impacts of snow removal methods?

Once you have your arguable question ready, start researching the basic facts and specific opinions and arguments on the issue. Do your best to stay focused on gathering information that is directly relevant to your topic. Depending on what your essay is for, you may reference academic studies, government reports, or newspaper articles.

‍ Research your opposition and the facts that support their viewpoint as much as you research your own position . You’ll need to address your opposition in your essay, so you’ll want to know their argument from the inside out.

2. Choose a side based on your research

You likely started with an inclination toward one side or the other, but your research should ultimately shape your perspective. So once you’ve completed the research, nail down your opinion and start articulating the what and why of your take. 

What: I think it’s better to outlaw selling eggs from chickens whose enclosures are too small.

Why: Because if you regulate the enclosure size directly, egg producers outside of the government’s jurisdiction could ship eggs into your territory and put nearby egg producers out of business by offering better prices because they don’t have the added cost of larger enclosures.

This is an early form of your thesis and the basic logic of your argument. You’ll want to iterate on this a few times and develop a one-sentence statement that sums up the thesis of your essay.

Thesis: Outlawing the sale of eggs from chickens with cramped living spaces is better for business than regulating the size of chicken enclosures.

Now that you’ve articulated your thesis , spell out the counterargument(s) as well. Putting your opposition’s take into words will help you throughout the rest of the essay-writing process. (You can start by choosing the counter argument option with Wordtune Spices .)

Counterargument: Outlawing the sale of eggs from chickens with too small enclosures will immediately drive up egg prices for consumers, making the low-cost protein source harder to afford — especially for low-income consumers.

There may be one main counterargument to articulate, or several. Write them all out and start thinking about how you’ll use evidence to address each of them or show why your argument is still the best option.

3. Organize the evidence — for your side and the opposition

You did all of that research for a reason. Now’s the time to use it. 

Hopefully, you kept detailed notes in a document, complete with links and titles of all your source material. Go through your research document and copy the evidence for your argument and your opposition’s into another document.

List the main points of your argument. Then, below each point, paste the evidence that backs them up.

If you’re writing about chicken enclosures, maybe you found evidence that shows the spread of disease among birds kept in close quarters is worse than among birds who have more space. Or maybe you found information that says eggs from free-range chickens are more flavorful or nutritious. Put that information next to the appropriate part of your argument. 

Repeat the process with your opposition’s argument: What information did you find that supports your opposition? Paste it beside your opposition’s argument.

You could also put information here that refutes your opposition, but organize it in a way that clearly tells you — at a glance — that the information disproves their point.

Counterargument: Outlawing the sale of eggs from chickens with too small enclosures will immediately drive up egg prices for consumers.

BUT: Sicknesses like avian flu spread more easily through small enclosures and could cause a shortage that would drive up egg prices naturally, so ensuring larger enclosures is still a better policy for consumers over the long term.

As you organize your research and see the evidence all together, start thinking through the best way to order your points.  

Will it be better to present your argument all at once or to break it up with opposition claims you can quickly refute? Would some points set up other points well? Does a more complicated point require that the reader understands a simpler point first?

Play around and rearrange your notes to see how your essay might flow one way or another.

4. Freewrite or outline to think through your argument

Is your brain buzzing yet? At this point in the process, it can be helpful to take out a notebook or open a fresh document and dump whatever you’re thinking on the page.

Where should your essay start? What ground-level information do you need to provide your readers before you can dive into the issue?

Use your organized evidence document from step 3 to think through your argument from beginning to end, and determine the structure of your essay.

There are three typical structures for argumentative essays:

• Make your argument and tackle opposition claims one by one, as they come up in relation to the points of your argument - In this approach, the whole essay — from beginning to end — focuses on your argument, but as you make each point, you address the relevant opposition claims individually. This approach works well if your opposition’s views can be quickly explained and refuted and if they directly relate to specific points in your argument.
• Make the bulk of your argument, and then address the opposition all at once in a paragraph (or a few) - This approach puts the opposition in its own section, separate from your main argument. After you’ve made your case, with ample evidence to convince your readers, you write about the opposition, explaining their viewpoint and supporting evidence — and showing readers why the opposition’s argument is unconvincing. Once you’ve addressed the opposition, you write a conclusion that sums up why your argument is the better one.
• Open your essay by talking about the opposition and where it falls short. Build your entire argument to show how it is superior to that opposition - With this structure, you’re showing your readers “a better way” to address the issue. After opening your piece by showing how your opposition’s approaches fail, you launch into your argument, providing readers with ample evidence that backs you up.

As you think through your argument and examine your evidence document, consider which structure will serve your argument best. Sketch out an outline to give yourself a map to follow in the writing process. You could also rearrange your evidence document again to match your outline, so it will be easy to find what you need when you start writing.

5. Write your first draft

You have an outline and an organized document with all your points and evidence lined up and ready. Now you just have to write your essay.

In your first draft, focus on getting your ideas on the page. Your wording may not be perfect (whose is?), but you know what you’re trying to say — so even if you’re overly wordy and taking too much space to say what you need to say, put those words on the page.

Follow your outline, and draw from that evidence document to flesh out each point of your argument. Explain what the evidence means for your argument and your opposition. Connect the dots for your readers so they can follow you, point by point, and understand what you’re trying to say.

As you write, be sure to include:

1. Any background information your reader needs in order to understand the issue in question.

2. Evidence for both your argument and the counterargument(s). This shows that you’ve done your homework and builds trust with your reader, while also setting you up to make a more convincing argument. (If you find gaps in your research while you’re writing, Wordtune Spices can source statistics or historical facts on the fly!)

Get Wordtune for free > Get Wordtune for free >

3. A conclusion that sums up your overall argument and evidence — and leaves the reader with an understanding of the issue and its significance. This sort of conclusion brings your essay to a strong ending that doesn’t waste readers’ time, but actually adds value to your case.

6. Revise (with Wordtune)

The hard work is done: you have a first draft. Now, let’s fine tune your writing.

I like to step away from what I’ve written for a day (or at least a night of sleep) before attempting to revise. It helps me approach clunky phrases and rough transitions with fresh eyes. If you don’t have that luxury, just get away from your computer for a few minutes — use the bathroom, do some jumping jacks, eat an apple — and then come back and read through your piece.

As you revise, make sure you …

• Get the facts right. An argument with false evidence falls apart pretty quickly, so check your facts to make yours rock solid.
• Don’t misrepresent the opposition or their evidence. If someone who holds the opposing view reads your essay, they should affirm how you explain their side — even if they disagree with your rebuttal.
• Present a case that builds over the course of your essay, makes sense, and ends on a strong note. One point should naturally lead to the next. Your readers shouldn’t feel like you’re constantly changing subjects. You’re making a variety of points, but your argument should feel like a cohesive whole.
• Paraphrase sources and cite them appropriately. Did you skip citations when writing your first draft? No worries — you can add them now. And check that you don’t overly rely on quotations. (Need help paraphrasing? Wordtune can help. Simply highlight the sentence or phrase you want to adjust and sort through Wordtune’s suggestions.)
• Tighten up overly wordy explanations and sharpen any convoluted ideas. Wordtune makes a great sidekick for this too 😉

Words to start an argumentative essay

The best way to introduce a convincing argument is to provide a strong thesis statement . These are the words I usually use to start an argumentative essay:

• It is indisputable that the world today is facing a multitude of issues
• With the rise of ____, the potential to make a positive difference has never been more accessible
• It is essential that we take action now and tackle these issues head-on
• it is critical to understand the underlying causes of the problems standing before us
• Opponents of this idea claim
• Those who are against these ideas may say
• Some people may disagree with this idea
• Some people may say that ____, however

When refuting an opposing concept, use:

• These researchers have a point in thinking
• To a certain extent they are right
• After seeing this evidence, there is no way one can agree with this idea
• This argument is irrelevant to the topic

Are you convinced by your own argument yet? Ready to brave the next get-together where everyone’s talking like they know something about intermittent fasting , chicken enclosures , or snow removal policies? 

Now if someone asks you to explain your evidence-based but controversial opinion, you can hand them your essay and ask them to report back after they’ve read it.

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8 Effective Strategies to Write Argumentative Essays

In a bustling university town, there lived a student named Alex. Popular for creativity and wit, one challenge seemed insurmountable for Alex– the dreaded argumentative essay!

One gloomy afternoon, as the rain tapped against the window pane, Alex sat at his cluttered desk, staring at a blank document on the computer screen. The assignment loomed large: a 350-600-word argumentative essay on a topic of their choice . With a sigh, he decided to seek help of mentor, Professor Mitchell, who was known for his passion for writing.

Entering Professor Mitchell’s office was like stepping into a treasure of knowledge. Bookshelves lined every wall, faint aroma of old manuscripts in the air and sticky notes over the wall. Alex took a deep breath and knocked on his door.

“Ah, Alex,” Professor Mitchell greeted with a warm smile. “What brings you here today?”

Alex confessed his struggles with the argumentative essay. After hearing his concerns, Professor Mitchell said, “Ah, the argumentative essay! Don’t worry, Let’s take a look at it together.” As he guided Alex to the corner shelf, Alex asked,

Table of Contents

“What is an Argumentative Essay?”

The professor replied, “An argumentative essay is a type of academic writing that presents a clear argument or a firm position on a contentious issue. Unlike other forms of essays, such as descriptive or narrative essays, these essays require you to take a stance, present evidence, and convince your audience of the validity of your viewpoint with supporting evidence. A well-crafted argumentative essay relies on concrete facts and supporting evidence rather than merely expressing the author’s personal opinions . Furthermore, these essays demand comprehensive research on the chosen topic and typically follows a structured format consisting of three primary sections: an introductory paragraph, three body paragraphs, and a concluding paragraph.”

He continued, “Argumentative essays are written in a wide range of subject areas, reflecting their applicability across disciplines. They are written in different subject areas like literature and philosophy, history, science and technology, political science, psychology, economics and so on.

Alex asked,

“When is an Argumentative Essay Written?”

The professor answered, “Argumentative essays are often assigned in academic settings, but they can also be written for various other purposes, such as editorials, opinion pieces, or blog posts. Some situations to write argumentative essays include:

1. Academic assignments

In school or college, teachers may assign argumentative essays as part of coursework. It help students to develop critical thinking and persuasive writing skills .

2. Debates and discussions

Argumentative essays can serve as the basis for debates or discussions in academic or competitive settings. Moreover, they provide a structured way to present and defend your viewpoint.

3. Opinion pieces

Newspapers, magazines, and online publications often feature opinion pieces that present an argument on a current issue or topic to influence public opinion.

4. Policy proposals

In government and policy-related fields, argumentative essays are used to propose and defend specific policy changes or solutions to societal problems.

5. Persuasive speeches

Before delivering a persuasive speech, it’s common to prepare an argumentative essay as a foundation for your presentation.

Regardless of the context, an argumentative essay should present a clear thesis statement , provide evidence and reasoning to support your position, address counterarguments, and conclude with a compelling summary of your main points. The goal is to persuade readers or listeners to accept your viewpoint or at least consider it seriously.”

Handing over a book, the professor continued, “Take a look on the elements or structure of an argumentative essay.”

Elements of an Argumentative Essay

An argumentative essay comprises five essential components:

Claim in argumentative writing is the central argument or viewpoint that the writer aims to establish and defend throughout the essay. A claim must assert your position on an issue and must be arguable. It can guide the entire argument.

2. Evidence

Evidence must consist of factual information, data, examples, or expert opinions that support the claim. Also, it lends credibility by strengthening the writer’s position.

3. Counterarguments

Presenting a counterclaim demonstrates fairness and awareness of alternative perspectives.

4. Rebuttal

After presenting the counterclaim, the writer refutes it by offering counterarguments or providing evidence that weakens the opposing viewpoint. It shows that the writer has considered multiple perspectives and is prepared to defend their position.

The format of an argumentative essay typically follows the structure to ensure clarity and effectiveness in presenting an argument.

How to Write An Argumentative Essay

Here’s a step-by-step guide on how to write an argumentative essay:

1. Introduction

• Begin with a compelling sentence or question to grab the reader’s attention.
• Provide context for the issue, including relevant facts, statistics, or historical background.
• Provide a concise thesis statement to present your position on the topic.

2. Body Paragraphs (usually three or more)

• Start each paragraph with a clear and focused topic sentence that relates to your thesis statement.
• Furthermore, provide evidence and explain the facts, statistics, examples, expert opinions, and quotations from credible sources that supports your thesis.
• Use transition sentences to smoothly move from one point to the next.

3. Counterargument and Rebuttal

• Acknowledge opposing viewpoints or potential objections to your argument.
• Also, address these counterarguments with evidence and explain why they do not weaken your position.

4. Conclusion

• Restate your thesis statement and summarize the key points you’ve made in the body of the essay.
• Leave the reader with a final thought, call to action, or broader implication related to the topic.

5. Citations and References

• Properly cite all the sources you use in your essay using a consistent citation style.
• Also, include a bibliography or works cited at the end of your essay.

6. Formatting and Style

• Follow any specific formatting guidelines provided by your instructor or institution.
• Use a professional and academic tone in your writing and edit your essay to avoid content, spelling and grammar mistakes .

Remember that the specific requirements for formatting an argumentative essay may vary depending on your instructor’s guidelines or the citation style you’re using (e.g., APA, MLA, Chicago). Always check the assignment instructions or style guide for any additional requirements or variations in formatting.

Did you understand what Prof. Mitchell explained Alex? Check it now!

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Prof. Mitchell continued, “An argumentative essay can adopt various approaches when dealing with opposing perspectives. It may offer a balanced presentation of both sides, providing equal weight to each, or it may advocate more strongly for one side while still acknowledging the existence of opposing views.” As Alex listened carefully to the Professor’s thoughts, his eyes fell on a page with examples of argumentative essay.

Example of an Argumentative Essay

Alex picked the book and read the example. It helped him to understand the concept. Furthermore, he could now connect better to the elements and steps of the essay which Prof. Mitchell had mentioned earlier. Aren’t you keen to know how an argumentative essay should be like? Here is an example of a well-crafted argumentative essay , which was read by Alex. After Alex finished reading the example, the professor turned the page and continued, “Check this page to know the importance of writing an argumentative essay in developing skills of an individual.”

Importance of an Argumentative Essay

After understanding the benefits, Alex was convinced by the ability of the argumentative essays in advocating one’s beliefs and favor the author’s position. Alex asked,

“How are argumentative essays different from the other types?”

Prof. Mitchell answered, “Argumentative essays differ from other types of essays primarily in their purpose, structure, and approach in presenting information. Unlike expository essays, argumentative essays persuade the reader to adopt a particular point of view or take a specific action on a controversial issue. Furthermore, they differ from descriptive essays by not focusing vividly on describing a topic. Also, they are less engaging through storytelling as compared to the narrative essays.

Alex said, “Given the direct and persuasive nature of argumentative essays, can you suggest some strategies to write an effective argumentative essay?

Turning the pages of the book, Prof. Mitchell replied, “Sure! You can check this infographic to get some tips for writing an argumentative essay.”

Effective Strategies to Write an Argumentative Essay

As days turned into weeks, Alex diligently worked on his essay. He researched, gathered evidence, and refined his thesis. It was a long and challenging journey, filled with countless drafts and revisions.

Finally, the day arrived when Alex submitted their essay. As he clicked the “Submit” button, a sense of accomplishment washed over him. He realized that the argumentative essay, while challenging, had improved his critical thinking and transformed him into a more confident writer. Furthermore, Alex received feedback from his professor, a mix of praise and constructive criticism. It was a humbling experience, a reminder that every journey has its obstacles and opportunities for growth.

Frequently Asked Questions

An argumentative essay can be written as follows- 1. Choose a Topic 2. Research and Collect Evidences 3. Develop a Clear Thesis Statement 4. Outline Your Essay- Introduction, Body Paragraphs and Conclusion 5. Revise and Edit 6. Format and Cite Sources 7. Final Review

One must choose a clear, concise and specific statement as a claim. It must be debatable and establish your position. Avoid using ambiguous or unclear while making a claim. To strengthen your claim, address potential counterarguments or opposing viewpoints. Additionally, use persuasive language and rhetoric to make your claim more compelling

Starting an argument essay effectively is crucial to engage your readers and establish the context for your argument. Here’s how you can start an argument essay are: 1. Begin With an Engaging Hook 2. Provide Background Information 3. Present Your Thesis Statement 4. Briefly Outline Your Main 5. Establish Your Credibility

The key features of an argumentative essay are: 1. Clear and Specific Thesis Statement 2. Credible Evidence 3. Counterarguments 4. Structured Body Paragraph 5. Logical Flow 6. Use of Persuasive Techniques 7. Formal Language

An argumentative essay typically consists of the following main parts or sections: 1. Introduction 2. Body Paragraphs 3. Counterargument and Rebuttal 4. Conclusion 5. References (if applicable)

The main purpose of an argumentative essay is to persuade the reader to accept or agree with a particular viewpoint or position on a controversial or debatable topic. In other words, the primary goal of an argumentative essay is to convince the audience that the author's argument or thesis statement is valid, logical, and well-supported by evidence and reasoning.

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How to Start an Argumentative Essay

October 18, 2020

If you are a post-graduate, a tertiary, or maybe a high school student, there’s a big chance you’ll be assigned to create an argumentative essay at least once. You may also be a professional trying to write for a publication, or simply desire to express or some opinions to persuade people. In regards to this, you may be wondering the right ways to create a good argumentative essay . Indeed, it’s important to know what you’re writing about and how to write it the right way. If not, your great ideas or concept might just be wasted. So how to write argumentative essay? The great news is, argumentative essay writing is uncomplicated and straightforward, even with how it’s structured. Whether you’re writing academically or professionally, this guide should come in handy in writing your argumentative essay. But before we go to the nitty-gritty of argumentative essay writing , let us first define what an argument essay is.

What is argumentative essay?

An argumentative essay is stating one’s position by scrutinizing an issue and providing reasons and evidence for his/her perspective in a concise and structured manner. As with any other written composition, a typical persuasive essay must consist of an opening, a body and a conclusion. But keep in mind that there are three types of argumentative essays. So while these basic chunks are the major backbone of your composition, the structure of your article portions varies, hanging on the type of an argumentative essay you’ll implement. Moreover, it’s important to consider which one of these argumentative essay type fits your goals.

Three types of arguments

After knowing the meaning of an argumentative essay, as well as its main parts, it’s important to outline the essay first before we start writing the argumentative essay. This will give proper direction, organize your thoughts and structure, and save you time. But primarily, you must read through these three kinds of an argumentative essay in order to know your structure and determine whichever you’ll use when doing an argumentative essay. So let’s start.

Aristotelian argument strategy

Also called the traditional argumentative strategy, this is the most used argument tactic in doing an argumentative essay. This is also what we’ll focus on in this study. This argumentative composition writing strategy is where you write the problem and the resolution, then persuade your reviewers to grasp your point on the specific matter. Part of your role is to raise awareness too, especially to those who are unknowledgeable or don’t give their support to a particular opinion or idea yet, so that they will care more or give more attention to the topic. A classical argument strategy should have an introduction, background, thesis, argument, refutation and conclusion; which we’ll discuss more in detail later.

Rogerian persuasion method

Next is the Rogerian persuasion method. It is a preferred method in polarization; in short, those that have really strong oppositions and do not appear to pay attention to both sides. You can write this argumentative article as long as you desire to let your readers know that you are unprejudiced and are paying attention to both sides, confirming how both opposing sides are valid. So in this case, you present both sides and are simply trying to propose a possible agreement, or giving out a middle ground. In the end, you’ll merely persuade your reviewers why embracing your points can be beneficial.

Structure of a Rogerian persuasion method

Introduction ↴ Start by discussing the issue and your opinion about why it should be addressed.   ↴ Homeschooling is fast becoming a preferred form of education by urban parents because more attention and flexibility is given through one-on-one lessons, though some see how it can affect a child’s cognitive and social development negatively. ↓ Opposing arguments ↴ Sum up the opposing arguments in the argumentative essay with supporting statements and acknowledge both’s validity. ↴ While homeschooling may be worrisome compared to structured classes due to fear of what students may miss out, especially in terms of child development, it can work with strong parental involvement to ensure they can keep up with their child’s needs. ↓ Your Position  ↴ Write your points or proposal in the argumentative essay objectively. ↴ Homeschooling may be beneficial to children because parents know what their child needs, especially if they have special or individual needs, which sometimes cannot be addressed by an educator managing a group of students in a class. etc… ↓ Benefits ↴ Appeal to the opposition and show how elements of your position could work to benefit its interests. ↴ Since parents ideally know and love their children, they can cater more to their child’s’ needs in homeschooling. Public school educators may not be able to give as much attention as what the students’ parents can give because they have full classrooms, aside from other things they have to cater to, like school administrators and supervising each individual student.

Toulmin model of argument

There is what we call the Toulmin model of argument, which is mostly used if it’s a very polarized debate in a argumentative essay, just like the Rogerian argument strategy. The difference though is that it uses direct logic, that is, it only focuses on presenting one side instead of two. It’s to restrain any argument to anything that can be agreed upon.

Structure of a Toulmin model of argument

Its format is a bit different from the first two types of arguments. Here they are with examples: Claim  ↴ The thesis the writer aims to substantiate. ↴ The administration must implement rules and regulations to lessen the impact/effects of global warming. ↓ Evidence ↴ This should back up the claim in your argumentative essay. ↴ Global warming is a serious threat to our planet. ↓ Warrant  ↴ When writing the warrant, you should present how the data backs up the claim. ↴ Administration order works in some cases. ↓ Backing ↴ You should also provide logical thinking to support the warrant. ↴ We have several other administration orders on this issue. ↓ Rebuttal  ↴ This must be incorporated into the possible oppositions against the claim. ↴ Global warming is unavoidable and unmanageable. ↓ Qualifier  ↴ This is a short phrase that restricts the range of the claim to avoid objections. ↴ The government typically does what it takes to take care of our environment. ↴ ↓ Exceptions  ↴ This will restrict the disagreement even more by writing exceptions. ↴ Where educators and non-profit organizations are taking action, rules may not be crucial. Now it will not be possible to pick an argumentative essay method for your essay without knowing your topic and what suits it the most. When you already found a topic on doing the argumentative essay, then skip the next part and continue doing the outline of your article. But to some of you who are asked to find your own topic inwriting an argumentative essay, especially by your high school teacher, this is a must-read.

Looking for a topic for your argumentative essay?

In your essay of argumentation, another thing you should consider is your topic. It’s important to remember certain tips in choosing your topic for the argumentative essay. Actually, it’s pretty easy to choose a topic to write for your argumentative essay. Just do a Google search of the latest news, or go to trending topics and hashtags in social media, both locally and worldwide. This can be related to global issues, or even your country’s issues, especially related to the environment, health, or even law and politics. If you want, you can simply type and discover tons of lists of argumentative essay topic ideas online. Of course, find a topic you are personally interested in and take a stand you personally believe in, so you can create and present the argumentative essay with conviction. Of course, do as much exploration about the topic, including the opposing side. Do not just focus on your point of view. In your research, make sure to gather relevant helpful stories and data to support your point of view. And lastly, verify the reality, what caused it, how significant or relevant it is and what should be done about it.

How do you start an argumentative letter?

A good argumentative paper should be organized and should have a clear direction from the beginning. Here are some tips in outlining your argumentative essay before you actually start writing your first statement (these should all be seen in your outline):

• Capture the audience’s interest and leave them wanting to know more about it.
• Write the dispute or problem with clarity.
• Mention the opposing sides too, then refute them with yours.
• Persuade them to take your side.
• Think about any objections that may arise and refute these.
• Persuade your reader(s) to take your point of view.

Now that we know the important things to remember on how to start an argumentative essay, let’s now go to writing the first paragraph of your argumentative essay – your introduction.

How do you introduce an argument?

So how to start an argumentative essay? A good argumentative essay must capture your reviewers’ attention right from the first paragraph.  In a nutshell, start creating the first part of your article of argumentation by explaining the problem and the dispute. Then end the argumentative article introduction with your thesis statement. A great tip for the first part is to keep your hypothetical statement in mind while you offer backdrop information needed to acknowledge the disagreement. Moreover, you can begin to present the pieces of proof that support that disagreement, but they must only be a sketch or an outline. Here are some more tips to start creating your argumentative article’s introduction:

• Remember to be direct on the first part and save the major disagreement/debate on your body paragraphs.
• If you have several points in your argumentative and are kind of confused whichever to include, start writing the aspects of the topics that are most interesting or convincing to your viewers.
• Stir your audience with your opinion by appealing to their emotions.
• You can begin writing facts from highly reputable sources to start building a powerful disagreement and construct certainty.
• Of course, when doing your argumentative essay, you must keep in mind that you must be original by applying your own words and sourcing or quoting the right information where applicable. Always be sensitive to the rights reserved.
• Make sure that you offer a clear context. Giving sufficient background on your argument will help you build your argument and help your audience grasp it. 
• Some questions you can ask yourself while writing is “Why is it significant? or “Why should people look after it?”.  Don’t forget to state the incidents that lead you to your disagreement. 
• Your introduction paragraphs must shift evenly into your primary disagreement.  This can be done by writing the points that help the argumentative essay’s main body.
• A good argumentative essay has a true story. This can be an anecdote. This can also include or be followed by reality or statistical figures from a reliable source.

Keep in mind that all of these should fit the introduction of your argumentative essay. At the end of your first part before the main body paragraphs must be an excellent thesis statement with the main points. Here are some creative ideas to write your thesis statement.

Writing your thesis statement

An important part of an argumentative essay, a thesis statement, usually in one sentence, covers your primary points and stand. Therefore this really needs to be excellent and appealing, since it is through this that the reviewer will determine what the argumentative essay is all about.  Moreover, this is the primary determining factor whether or not they’ll be intrigued and will proceed reading your article. This is also why they say that this is the most vital part of an argumentative essay. Now you may also wonder, can you start an argumentative essay with a question on a thesis statement? Definitely yes! In fact, you can begin writing the body of an argumentative essay with an intriguing question in the thesis statement, if not a fascinating statistic, quote, or a fact.  Keep in mind that the thesis statement is the last sentence in your introduction. But before we discuss more about it in the next section, here are more argumentative essay ideas for your thesis statement:

• Write a theoretical proposition which also states the problem.
• Write provocative, intriguing questions.
• Differentiate.
• It’s important to keep in mind these three elements which are proven to persuade your reviewers or listeners: logos, pathos and ethos. Logos means having a sound logic, while pathos means that your persuasive essay must appeal to your readers’ emotions. And lastly, ethos means resonating your readers’ character or moral.

Depending on your topic, stand and preference, here are three ways to create a thesis statement in writing an argumentative essay. 

Question and answer format

This must be the easiest one. You’ll begin by writing your topic in a query format and then also provide an answer for it. Questions can be any of these types: root cause, description, value, fact, or proposing a solution. Most topics can be easily created a question using any of these classifications. Here are some examples:

• Does global warming harm our planet? (fact)
• What is global warming? (description)
• What are the root causes of global warming? (root cause)
• How significant it is to build more sustainable habits to keep our planet healthy? (value)
• What can you do to lessen the impact of global warming? (proposal)

Pro tip: You can actually use any of these queries as a title! In fact, in writing an argumentative essay, the title is usually a provocative question, which can be answered in your thesis statement. For example, if you used this question as a title: “Does global warming harm our planet?” You can answer this in your thesis statement: “Global warming is an alarming situation because of the continuously damaging effects it gives to our planet, which is only getting worse as more gadgets are being produced and used by people who are unaware or indifferent about our how it threatens our planet.” It has now become understandable that the center of your article is to raise awareness by reminding them of the worsening/arising circumstance.

Disproving complaints

Another clever way of writing your thesis statement is by stating one side of the argument, with a disproving statement after it. Here’s an example: Some believe that global warming is something this is unavoidable and unmanageable. But recently,  global leaders’ efforts worldwide have shown a significant effect in lessening its impact. So you saw two disagreements there – the one that is opposed to yours, and your refutal. Support or back-up your statement with a credential to studies to make it powerful/more appealing.

This is another way to creating a powerful thesis, which tells in just a few words the primary points of each of the subjects you will cover. This is similar to an outline with an overview of each of your primary subjects. Yes, it’s a bit longer compared to the first two, but this can also be very helpful to your readers because you’re already leading them to each of the subjects right away. Moreover, it’ll also help you craft the persuasive essay with ease, as you now have the key points, which you’ll only have to expound in your main body later on. Here’s a sample: Some think that global warming is something this is unavoidable and unmanageable. But recently,  global leaders’ efforts worldwide have shown a significant effect in lessening its impact; by implementing movements such as the Earth Hour, by raising awareness through media; and by educating people by facilitating seminars in schools and different organizations. So there you have it with all the things you should keep in mind on writing an argumentative essay. Now, let us go to creating the main paragraphs of the persuasive essay.

By what method can you start writing your body paragraphs?

In writing the body of your article, it must consist of at least three paragraphs. All paragraphs should have proof to back-up your thesis. Each paragraph is what we call the topic sentence of your body paragraphs. These should include why your position should be accepted. Therefore, a good question to think about when doing your persuasive essay paragraphs is, “Why should they agree with me”?  Also, remember that your body paragraphs should have separate ideas. In other words, one idea must only be covered in one paragraph. So focus on that idea alone while you save the next idea to the next paragraph. And since this is kind of limited, make sure to center your focus on doing the powerful points of your disagreement and choose your words carefully to be able to write all the important ideas in one paragraph. Of course, don’t forget to write possible points of oppositions in your topic sentence and refute them by stating your reasons. This will make your essay writing perspective stronger.

By what method can you end a persuasive essay?

Ending argumentative essays requires writing a summary of your thesis statement and main disagreements. Your goal is to persuade your audience and justify your disagreement. In short, you must wrap it up, and no new disagreements or facts should arise. You’re already writing your final words so you should end it strong and leave a mark to your readers or listeners. Consider these things when writing the conclusion:

• Stir your readers’ emotions by touching their logic, character and morals.
• Make sure you’re writing a convincing call to action to persuade them to be of the same opinion as your stand. Stir them to think, feel, believe and do something.
• Write some hypotheticals. In other words, tell them what can happen if they take your ideas. You can consider writing more than one but always be realistic.
• You can also end by writing a personal story or anecdote to tell them how the problem affects you or the people.

You see, argumentative essays aren’t difficult, as long as you’re following these simple writing guidelines! This comprehensive guide on how to start a persuasive essay should now give you the proper direction and structure of your thoughts. Just remember to be writing enthusiastically, passionately and creatively too and you won’t go wrong in writing great argumentative essays!

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Have you ever found yourself staring at a blank page, overwhelmed by the thought of composing a powerful argumentative essay ? You're not alone!

Many students encounter the same daunting challenge – how to present a persuasive argument that captivates their audience and drives their point home. Without a clear strategy, it's easy to get lost in a sea of words, leaving your message directionless and your audience unimpressed.

But fear not, for this blog is your roadmap to success!

We're here to provide a number of examples and tips to help you craft compelling arguments, empowering you to tackle your essays with confidence. 

By the end, you'll not only understand the key principles of argumentation but also know how to apply them effectively in writing essays.

So read on to find great examples and master the art of writing a good argumentative essay!

• 1. Free Argumentative Essay Examples For Students 
• 2. How to Write an Argumentative Essay? Examples 
• 3. Interesting Argumentative Essay Topics 
• 4. Argumentative Essay Writing Tips 

Free Argumentative Essay Examples For Students 

A good essay presents facts and data to support an argument, evaluates point of view, and proves its point. It's designed to convince the reader with facts and logic.

Below are some more good argumentative essay examples written by our professional essay writers.

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6th Grade Argumentative Essay Examples

Looking for inspiration for your 6th-grade argumentative essay? Explore this detailed example crafted specifically for 6th graders. 

Argumentative Essay Example for 6th Grade

Argumentative Essay Example Grade 7 

With this example, seventh graders can confidently tackle topics they care about.

Argumentative Essay Example for 7th Grade

Grade 8 Argumentative Essay Examples 

Right here, we've got 8th grader example of an argumentative essay.

Grade 8 Argumentative Essay Example

Argumentative Essay Examples For Middle School 

Middle school essays are pretty basic and easier to debate. Following is an example of middle school argumentative essay: 

Argument Essay Example For Middle School

Argumentative Essay Examples For High School PDFs 

Here are some amazing argumentative essay examples for high school students. Read them and get an idea of how you can make your argumentative essay flawless.

Argumentative Essay Example for High School

Evaluation Argumentative Essay Example

Counter Argument Essay Example

Argumentative Essay Examples For College Students 

When it comes to the college level, essay writing becomes more complicated. At this level, students have to write complex papers like research papers or thesis papers .

Here are some argumentative essay examples pdfs that all college students can use as a guide for their next essay assignment:

Argumentative Essay Example For College

Sample Argumentative Essay For College

Sample Argumentative Essay On Smoking

Argumentative Essay On Gun Control

Argumentative Essay Example for O Level

Following argumentative essay samples can assist you in creating an essay if you are an O Level student.

Social Media Argumentative Essay Example

Short Argumentative Essay Examples

There is no precise word count for an argumentative essay. It just has to persuade the reader and give the author's message to the intended audience.

It can be short or lengthy. It would be considered correct as long as there's a discussion in it.

This is a sample of an argumentative essay.

Short Argumentative Essay Example

Ap lang Argumentative Essay Examples

Argumentative Essay Example About Covid-19

5 Paragraph Argumentative Essay Examples 

The traditional argumentative essay outline consists of 5 paragraphs: one introduction, three body paragraphs, and one conclusion.

Here are 5 paragraph argumentative essay examples pdf for crafting an argumentative essay.

5 Paragraph Argumentative Essay

How to Write an Argumentative Essay? Examples 

Writing a compelling argumentative essay can be a daunting task, but with the right guidance and examples, it becomes more manageable.

In this section, we'll explore the essential steps along with examples to master the art of crafting persuasive arguments. 

Argumentative Essay Examples Introduction 

The introduction should include an attention-grabbing hook and background information on the topic. Additionally, it should have a clear thesis statement at the end that outlines the main points of your argument. 

After reading through this introduction, readers should have a good understanding of what they can expect from your paper. 

Here is a thesis statement for argumentative essay example:

Argumentative Essay Examples with Thesis Statement

Need more examples? Don’t worry! Read out these free argumentative essay examples pdf:

Argumentative Essay Examples Introduction

How to start an Argumentative Essay Examples

How to Write a Body Paragraph of Argumentative Essay 

Argumentative essay conclusion example .

The conclusion of your argumentative essay is an important part where everything ties together. It should summarise your main points and reiterate your argument.

Here is an example of what it looks like:

How to End an Argumentative Essay Examples

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Interesting Argumentative Essay Topics 

Choosing an essay topic is sometimes the most difficult part of the writing process. Here are some topics that will help you in brainstorming your topics:

• Should the government impose a curfew on teens?
• Should alcohol advertisements be banned?
• Are cell phones dangerous to our health?
• Is global warming real or fake?
• Should school uniforms be mandatory?
• Does the media influence gender roles in society?
• Is nuclear energy safe?
• Should the death penalty be abolished?
• Should abortion be legal in the United States?
• Is animal testing necessary?

If you are looking for a comprehensive list of topics, check out our argumentative essay topics blog!

Argumentative Essay Writing Tips 

When it comes to writing high-quality argumentative essays, there are some solid tips you need to know.

Below are 10 useful tips you should keep in mind while crafting an argumentative essay.

• Choose Engaging Topics

Choosing an engaging topic will make you feel enthusiastic from the moment you start drafting down words in your essay. An argumentative essay topic should always be debatable, arguable, and researchable.

• Choose the Structure 

An argumentative essay can be structured in three ways: Classical, Toulmin, and Rogerian. Choose any of these types of arguments to give your essay a logical flow and purpose.

• Conduct Quality Research 

Extensive fact-based research goes a long way in producing a good argumentative essay.  The more you study, the broader your horizons will be, and you will have just that much more supporting evidence.

• Credible Sources 

You can’t expect someone to agree with opposing views without strong and authentic evidence. If you want someone to change their perspective, you need to persuade them with facts from credible sources .

• Use Counter Arguments 

One of the most important parts of an argumentative essay is using counter-arguments. Introduce the opposing view in a few short sentences and proceed to refute them with fact-based empirical evidence. This is a powerful way of persuading a reader to agree with your side of the argument.

• Create a Solid Introduction 

Remember to pay keen attention to the introduction of your essay, as it can make or break your essay. A strong thesis statement lets your readers know your stance and gives them an idea of your philosophy around the topic. 

• Complex Sentences Never Impress 

Fancy vocabulary and extremely long sentences are too complex to understand. Your goal is to strike the reader’s mind with intelligent arguments and not try to sound smarter than them. Use simple vocabulary, but be fueled with creativity.

• Clarity and Authority 

When writing an argumentative essay, do not come across as reluctant or uncertain. Whatever you do, don’t play both sides or show your strengths and weaknesses simultaneously. You should choose a side and be confident about the points you make.  

• Stick to the Essay Length 

When writing an argumentative essay, it is very easy to deviate from the assigned essay length given by your instructor. Writing a 4000-word essay while the maximum essay length given by your instructor was 1500 probably isn’t a good idea.

• Avoid Sensitive Topics 

Students should avoid hot-button topics like race, sports, politics, and religion at all costs. The last thing you want to do is offend a reader who holds a strong personal opinion of you.

Here is a video with some tips on starting your essay. Be sure to check it out:

In summary, we've explored a wide range of example for different academic levels. These examples will help you in creating strong arguments and using persuasive writing effectively. 

Remember, a good argumentative essay isn't just about stating your opinion. It's about stating it clearly, supporting it with solid evidence, and presenting it convincingly.

Moreover, if you need help with writing argumentative essays, our expert writers are here for you. You can trust our online essay writing service to help you craft engaging argumentative essays.

With us, you will get 24/7 customer support, timely delivery, free revisions, and more benefits! So place your order at our argumentative essay writing service today!

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Nova Allison is a Digital Content Strategist with over eight years of experience. Nova has also worked as a technical and scientific writer. She is majorly involved in developing and reviewing online content plans that engage and resonate with audiences. Nova has a passion for writing that engages and informs her readers.

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How to Write an Argument Letter

The purpose of an argument letter is to persuade the reader to agree with a specific point of view. Normally the subject matter of an argumentative letter is controversial, so the letter writer should use rational wording to bolster the emotional appeal. A well written argumentative letter is composed in a specific format, takes a solid position on the issue in question and uses cogent language. Prewriting the letter will help you organize your thoughts and check your facts before writing the final draft.

Format the argument letter as a business communication letter so it will receive the consideration it deserves. The appearance of your letter forms an impression in the mind of the reader about you and the subject matter of the letter. Argument letters are meant to communicate a point forcefully, so type the letter in full-block form and print it on stationery paper; full-block form means all text is justified at the left margin.

Start at the top of the page and type the heading, dateline, address, reference line and salutation for the argument letter. The reference line specifically indicates who the argument letter is addressed to; for example, a “personal and confidential” reference line is typed in initial capitals and underlined with the inside address underneath it. The salutation should be formally worded “Dear” with the full name of the person placed after it.

Compose the opening paragraph of the argument letter by first stating the reason for the letter. The first paragraph also will state your position and how you want the issue rectified. The first paragraph should be five to seven concise sentences.

Start the second paragraph of the letter by diffusing certain concerns the reader may have about accepting your point of view; list some objections the reader may have to your position and rebut them. Once you ascertain your reader's viewpoint, you have a better chance of getting his or her cooperation. Include evidential examples about your point of view and why your judgment can be trusted.

Conclude your argument letter by affirming your position and convincing the reader that your letter is an attempt to establish amity. An effective argument letter assures the reader you are sensitive to his or her interests and you desire him or her to be receptive to your position as well. Include a few logical reasons for maintaining your position and why your way of solving the matter is reasonable and effective.

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Planning an argumentative letter, lesson plan.

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• Grade Levels 7th Grade
• Related Academic Standards CC.1.4.7.H Introduce and state an opinion on a topic. CC.1.4.7.I Acknowledge alternate or opposing claims and support claim with logical reasoning and relevant evidence, using accurate, credible sources and demonstrating an understanding of the topic. CC.1.4.7.J Organize the claim(s) with clear reasons and evidence clearly; clarify relationships among claim(s) and reasons by using words, phrases, and clauses to create cohesion; provide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supports the argument presented. CC.1.4.7.K Write with an awareness of the stylistic aspects of composition. • Use precise language and domain-specific vocabulary to inform about or explain the topic. • Use sentences of varying lengths and complexities. • Develop and maintain a consistent voice. • Establish and maintain a formal style.
• Assessment Anchors E07.C.1 Text Types and Purposes
• Eligible Content E07.C.1.1.1 Introduce claim(s) for the intended audience, acknowledge alternate or opposing claims, and support the writer’s purpose by logically organizing the reasons and evidence. E07.C.1.1.2 Support claim(s) with logical reasoning and relevant evidence, using accurate, credible sources and demonstrating an understanding of the topic or text.
• Competencies

Students will learn strategies and organization for an argumentative letter. Students will:

• analyze the structure of an argumentative letter.
• identify the intended audience.
• make a claim or state an opinion on an issue.
• brainstorm and outline points of argumentation for a letter.
• draft a thesis statement that takes a position/states an opinion/makes a claim.
• research details, facts, examples, and statistics to support a claim.

Essential Questions

• Why do writers write? What is the purpose?
• What makes clear and effective writing?
• Who is the audience? What will work best for the audience?
• Aristotle’s Three Appeals : Strategies used to influence an audience. These methods include appeals to emotions (pathos), ethics (ethos), and logic (logos).
• Focus: What the writer establishes as the central point of interest; a quality of writing where all main ideas, details, and examples support and unify the topic.
• Thesis: The argument or claim advanced by a writer.

160–180 minutes/3–4 class periods

Prerequisite Skills

• several sets of scissors and copies of the Essay-Order Activity ( LW-7-2-2_Essay-Order Activity.docx )
• copies of the Example of Argumentative Letter handout ( LW-7-2-2_Example of Argumentative Letter.docx )
• copies of the Analysis of Argumentative Letter assignment ( LW-7-2-2_Analysis of Argumentative Letter.docx )
• copies of Topics for Argumentative Letters ( LW-7-2-2_Topics for Argumentative Letters.docx )
• projector or interactive whiteboard to show the PowerPoint presentation or a printout of the presentation ( LW-7-2-1_ PowerPoint Presentation.pptx ), or a textbook with a section on argumentative writing
• copies of the Argumentative Writing Map ( LW-7-2-2_Argumentative Writing Map.docx )

Related Unit and Lesson Plans

• Argumentative Writing
• Argumentative Writing Strategies
• Drafting and Editing an Argumentative Letter

Related Materials & Resources

The possible inclusion of commercial websites below is not an implied endorsement of their products, which are not free, and are not required for this lesson plan.

• letters to the editor from a local newspaper

Formative Assessment

• Review student maps and provide feedback prior to assigning the writing of their drafts.

Suggested Instructional Supports

Instructional procedures.

Focus Question: How can we apply our analysis of argumentative strategies to our writing?

Have students complete the Essay-Order Activity ( LW-7-2-2_Essay-Order Activity.docx ). Students must cut the pieces of writing into strips, and then assemble them in a logical order. “For this exercise, you will be reordering the pieces of writing on the Essay-Order Activity worksheet. Work with a partner, and discuss why you believe the pieces should be ordered in the sequence you determine. Identify introductions and attention getters, body paragraphs, the three appeals, conclusions, and statements of significance. By seeing how these separate, small units all work together, we can begin to understand how order and structure work to support the argument.”

Discuss students’ results and share the correct order with the Example of Argumentative Letter handout ( LW-7-2-2_Example of Argumentative Letter.docx ). Give students the opportunity to make any necessary corrections so they have a correct example to refer to later.

Tell students to complete the Analysis of Argumentative Letter assignment, and go over the correct answers with the class ( LW-7-2-2_Analysis of Argumentative Letter.docx ). Discuss powerful language (intense verbs, precise adjectives), and have students return to the example letter to highlight examples. “If we are going to write with authority and achieve an argumentative tone, our writing should have powerful language. Use clear statements that make concrete impressions on your reader. Using language that shows hesitation or adopting a weak tone weakens your argument as a whole. Let’s look at some more examples of powerful and weak language.”

• Powerful: I have proven myself to be a dedicated student. I have never once turned in an assignment late or incomplete. I know how to plan ahead to meet due dates, and I would only benefit from joining jazz choir.
• Weak: In my opinion, I am a pretty good student. I am almost sure that I never turned in a late or incomplete assignment. I think I can probably plan ahead to meet due dates, and I would most likely benefit from joining jazz choir.

View the PowerPoint presentation used in Lesson 1 again ( LW-7-2-1_ PowerPoint Presentation.pptx ).

Distribute the list of possible Topics for Argumentative Letters ( LW-7-2-2_Topics for Argumentative Letters.docx ). Have students brainstorm a list of additional topics/claims that would also be appropriate to use. Record these ideas for the class, and have students add them to the list on the handout.

“Decide on a topic, opinion, or claim that you can support with good reasons, facts, examples, and details.”

Next, students will complete the Argumentative Writing Map ( LW-7-2-2_Argumentative Writing Map.docx ).

Choose a sample topic, announce and write out your thesis, and then model filling out the map for students. Fill in all sections. Let students know that they may have more than three or fewer than three reasons and/or supporting facts, details, and examples, and to fill in their map according to their specific support.

“Before filling out your copy of the map, take some time to think about your opinion or claim. A sentence stating your position will be your thesis statement for this assignment. Once I have approved your thesis, you may begin filling out the map. It will be a guide when you write your actual letter. Write a thesis that clearly states your opinion.”

Visit with students to approve thesis statements.

“Consider how you might use ethos and logos to support your opinion or claim. As you write your supporting points, label what type of appeal they are.” Post and talk through the following guidelines for students. Model ethos and logos with your sample topic, fill them in, and label them on your map.

• Show that the writer is fair, knowledgeable, and trustworthy. (Also show that the writer is considerate of readers’ opinions by anticipating their counterarguments and responding to them.)
• Give reasons that support the claim. (Show that the writer put a lot of thought into the issue. Give details and examples. Use facts and statistics. Refer to what the “experts” on your topic have said. If possible, find research to support your claim.)
• Involve the readers’ emotions. (Note: You may omit this entirely or encourage students to focus mostly on the use of logical reasoning and supporting evidence rather than emotional appeal.)

If time allows, meet in the library to permit students to conduct research during class to find facts that support their claim. Consider guiding their efforts by giving them a list of credible Web sites from which to draw information, or restrict their sources to printed materials from within the library.

After students have completed their maps, have them exchange maps with other students. “Tell your partner which of his/her reasons are the strongest. Which reasons aren’t strong enough yet? How can they be stronger? Write down your partner’s suggestions on your map.”

Collect students’ maps and give them additional feedback before they begin drafting their letters in the next lesson.

• Students who might need additional practice with organization will benefit from applying the Analysis of Argumentative Letter worksheet ( LW-7-2-2_Analysis of Argumentative Letter.docx ) to another argumentative letter/essay.

Related Instructional Videos

Argumentative Writing

Writing has been around for quite a long time. The history of the world we know now has been retained through the aid of written documents. Such free written documents have been used and reused all around the world from generation to another in order to spread information and awareness to people.

Many people find writing as an effective way to express their ideas and opinions. They exchange such ideas with other people, using different styles in writing example in pdf . Most people are probably familiar with the different writing styles, like argumentative writing, which we will be discussing in this post.

Argumentative Essay Writing

High School Argumentative Writing

Speech Argumentative Writing

Argumentative Synthesis Writing

What Is Argumentative Writing?

Argumentative writing is the process of  writing an essay wherein you pick a stand about a certain issue, and discuss such stand as opposed to another stand on the same issue.

Also known as persuasive writing , argumentative writing is a writing style which intends to persuade the readers to believe or consider a certain stand about a certain issue. In argumentative writing, the writer primarily presents opinions, usually in the form of arguments, supported by facts and opinion from other people.

Purpose of Argumentative Writing

Because an argumentative composition carries the opinion of the writer, it can be considered as the gateway to other people’s opinions, especially those that are usually different from our own.

It allows the readers to think critically about a certain issue, and to weigh the two sides regarding such issue. Thus one can say that argumentative writing is an effective way to let other people see a certain issue in a different angle. An argumentative composition can, at the same time, be informative since it is supported by facts presented by the writer. Argumentative writing can also be a medium for the writer to practice his/her argumentative or persuasive writing skills .

Argumentative Research

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Argumentative Letter Writing

Short Argumentative Writing

Tips for Argumentative Writing

An effective meeting argumentative composition has the power to change the readers’ perspective on a particular issue, or at the very least, encourage them to pursue such issue in depth. But how do you write a strong argumentative composition?

• Know the purpose and goal of an argumentative composition.
• Choose a timely or an interesting topic. Pick an issue that interests you and your readers
• Do a research on the topic you have chosen, and understand what it is all about.
• Read other argumentative compositions.  You can read those that talk about the same topic, each of which you can use as basis for your own arguments.
• Pick a stand.  What is your opinion regarding the topic? Create arguments regarding the stand you’ve chosen.
• Understand how your audience thinks. This will enable you to know what they want to know.
• Present strong arguments.  Strong arguments have that ability to catch the readers attention, and at the same time make the writer’s claims more believable and realistic.
• Use quotes to support your point. This is to prove that there are people having the same opinion as yours.
• Consider the other side.  You cannot convince your readers to look at the issue at another angle without you doing it first.
• Apply final touches.  Before doing so, make sure you check your composition for possible errors.

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Purdue Online Writing Lab Purdue OWL® College of Liberal Arts

Organizing Your Argument

Welcome to the Purdue OWL

This page is brought to you by the OWL at Purdue University. When printing this page, you must include the entire legal notice.

Copyright ©1995-2018 by The Writing Lab & The OWL at Purdue and Purdue University. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, reproduced, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without permission. Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our terms and conditions of fair use.

This page summarizes three historical methods for argumentation, providing structural templates for each.

How can I effectively present my argument?

In order for your argument to be persuasive, it must use an organizational structure that the audience perceives as both logical and easy to parse. Three argumentative methods —the  Toulmin Method , Classical Method , and Rogerian Method — give guidance for how to organize the points in an argument.

Note that these are only three of the most popular models for organizing an argument. Alternatives exist. Be sure to consult your instructor and/or defer to your assignment’s directions if you’re unsure which to use (if any).

Toulmin Method

The  Toulmin Method  is a formula that allows writers to build a sturdy logical foundation for their arguments. First proposed by author Stephen Toulmin in  The Uses of Argument (1958), the Toulmin Method emphasizes building a thorough support structure for each of an argument's key claims.

The basic format for the Toulmin Method  is as follows:

Claim:  In this section, you explain your overall thesis on the subject. In other words, you make your main argument.

Data (Grounds):  You should use evidence to support the claim. In other words, provide the reader with facts that prove your argument is strong.

Warrant (Bridge):  In this section, you explain why or how your data supports the claim. As a result, the underlying assumption that you build your argument on is grounded in reason.

Backing (Foundation):  Here, you provide any additional logic or reasoning that may be necessary to support the warrant.

Counterclaim:  You should anticipate a counterclaim that negates the main points in your argument. Don't avoid arguments that oppose your own. Instead, become familiar with the opposing perspective.   If you respond to counterclaims, you appear unbiased (and, therefore, you earn the respect of your readers). You may even want to include several counterclaims to show that you have thoroughly researched the topic.

Rebuttal:  In this section, you incorporate your own evidence that disagrees with the counterclaim. It is essential to include a thorough warrant or bridge to strengthen your essay’s argument. If you present data to your audience without explaining how it supports your thesis, your readers may not make a connection between the two, or they may draw different conclusions.

Example of the Toulmin Method:

Claim:  Hybrid cars are an effective strategy to fight pollution.

Data1:  Driving a private car is a typical citizen's most air-polluting activity.

Warrant 1:  Due to the fact that cars are the largest source of private (as opposed to industrial) air pollution, switching to hybrid cars should have an impact on fighting pollution.

Data 2:  Each vehicle produced is going to stay on the road for roughly 12 to 15 years.

Warrant 2:  Cars generally have a long lifespan, meaning that the decision to switch to a hybrid car will make a long-term impact on pollution levels.

Data 3:  Hybrid cars combine a gasoline engine with a battery-powered electric motor.

Warrant 3:  The combination of these technologies produces less pollution.

Counterclaim:  Instead of focusing on cars, which still encourages an inefficient culture of driving even as it cuts down on pollution, the nation should focus on building and encouraging the use of mass transit systems.

Rebuttal:  While mass transit is an idea that should be encouraged, it is not feasible in many rural and suburban areas, or for people who must commute to work. Thus, hybrid cars are a better solution for much of the nation's population.

Rogerian Method

The Rogerian Method  (named for, but not developed by, influential American psychotherapist Carl R. Rogers) is a popular method for controversial issues. This strategy seeks to find a common ground between parties by making the audience understand perspectives that stretch beyond (or even run counter to) the writer’s position. Moreso than other methods, it places an emphasis on reiterating an opponent's argument to his or her satisfaction. The persuasive power of the Rogerian Method lies in its ability to define the terms of the argument in such a way that:

• your position seems like a reasonable compromise.
• you seem compassionate and empathetic.

The basic format of the Rogerian Method  is as follows:

Introduction:  Introduce the issue to the audience, striving to remain as objective as possible.

Opposing View : Explain the other side’s position in an unbiased way. When you discuss the counterargument without judgement, the opposing side can see how you do not directly dismiss perspectives which conflict with your stance.

Statement of Validity (Understanding):  This section discusses how you acknowledge how the other side’s points can be valid under certain circumstances. You identify how and why their perspective makes sense in a specific context, but still present your own argument.

Statement of Your Position:  By this point, you have demonstrated that you understand the other side’s viewpoint. In this section, you explain your own stance.

Statement of Contexts : Explore scenarios in which your position has merit. When you explain how your argument is most appropriate for certain contexts, the reader can recognize that you acknowledge the multiple ways to view the complex issue.

Statement of Benefits:  You should conclude by explaining to the opposing side why they would benefit from accepting your position. By explaining the advantages of your argument, you close on a positive note without completely dismissing the other side’s perspective.

Example of the Rogerian Method:

Introduction:  The issue of whether children should wear school uniforms is subject to some debate.

Opposing View:  Some parents think that requiring children to wear uniforms is best.

Statement of Validity (Understanding):  Those parents who support uniforms argue that, when all students wear the same uniform, the students can develop a unified sense of school pride and inclusiveness.

Statement of Your Position : Students should not be required to wear school uniforms. Mandatory uniforms would forbid choices that allow students to be creative and express themselves through clothing.

Statement of Contexts:  However, even if uniforms might hypothetically promote inclusivity, in most real-life contexts, administrators can use uniform policies to enforce conformity. Students should have the option to explore their identity through clothing without the fear of being ostracized.

Statement of Benefits:  Though both sides seek to promote students' best interests, students should not be required to wear school uniforms. By giving students freedom over their choice, students can explore their self-identity by choosing how to present themselves to their peers.

Classical Method

The Classical Method of structuring an argument is another common way to organize your points. Originally devised by the Greek philosopher Aristotle (and then later developed by Roman thinkers like Cicero and Quintilian), classical arguments tend to focus on issues of definition and the careful application of evidence. Thus, the underlying assumption of classical argumentation is that, when all parties understand the issue perfectly, the correct course of action will be clear.

The basic format of the Classical Method  is as follows:

Introduction (Exordium): Introduce the issue and explain its significance. You should also establish your credibility and the topic’s legitimacy.

Statement of Background (Narratio): Present vital contextual or historical information to the audience to further their understanding of the issue. By doing so, you provide the reader with a working knowledge about the topic independent of your own stance.

Proposition (Propositio): After you provide the reader with contextual knowledge, you are ready to state your claims which relate to the information you have provided previously. This section outlines your major points for the reader.

Proof (Confirmatio): You should explain your reasons and evidence to the reader. Be sure to thoroughly justify your reasons. In this section, if necessary, you can provide supplementary evidence and subpoints.

Refutation (Refuatio): In this section, you address anticipated counterarguments that disagree with your thesis. Though you acknowledge the other side’s perspective, it is important to prove why your stance is more logical.  

Conclusion (Peroratio): You should summarize your main points. The conclusion also caters to the reader’s emotions and values. The use of pathos here makes the reader more inclined to consider your argument.  

Example of the Classical Method:  

Introduction (Exordium): Millions of workers are paid a set hourly wage nationwide. The federal minimum wage is standardized to protect workers from being paid too little. Research points to many viewpoints on how much to pay these workers. Some families cannot afford to support their households on the current wages provided for performing a minimum wage job .

Statement of Background (Narratio): Currently, millions of American workers struggle to make ends meet on a minimum wage. This puts a strain on workers’ personal and professional lives. Some work multiple jobs to provide for their families.

Proposition (Propositio): The current federal minimum wage should be increased to better accommodate millions of overworked Americans. By raising the minimum wage, workers can spend more time cultivating their livelihoods.

Proof (Confirmatio): According to the United States Department of Labor, 80.4 million Americans work for an hourly wage, but nearly 1.3 million receive wages less than the federal minimum. The pay raise will alleviate the stress of these workers. Their lives would benefit from this raise because it affects multiple areas of their lives.

Refutation (Refuatio): There is some evidence that raising the federal wage might increase the cost of living. However, other evidence contradicts this or suggests that the increase would not be great. Additionally,   worries about a cost of living increase must be balanced with the benefits of providing necessary funds to millions of hardworking Americans.

Conclusion (Peroratio): If the federal minimum wage was raised, many workers could alleviate some of their financial burdens. As a result, their emotional wellbeing would improve overall. Though some argue that the cost of living could increase, the benefits outweigh the potential drawbacks.

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Student Opinion

310 Prompts for Argumentative Writing

Questions on everything from mental health and sports to video games and dating. Which ones inspire you to take a stand?

By Natalie Proulx

Does social media harm young people’s mental health? Do video games deserve the bad rap they often get? Should parents track their children? Who is the greatest athlete of all time?

Every school day, we publish new questions for students based on the news of the day, including prompts, like these, that inspire persuasive writing.

Below, we’ve rounded up over 300 of those argumentative prompts, organized by topic, all in one place. They cover everything from parenting and schools to music and social media. Each one, drawn from our Student Opinion column , links to a free New York Times article as well as additional subquestions that can help you think more deeply about it.

You can use these prompts however you like, whether to inspire an entry for our new Open Letter Contest , to hone your persuasive writing skills or simply to share your opinions on the issues of today. So scroll through the list below and see which ones inspire you to take a stand.

If you enjoy these questions, know that you can find all of our argumentative writing prompts, as they publish, here . Students 13 and up from anywhere in the world are invited to comment.

Argumentative Prompt Topics

Technology and social media, college, work and money, health and relationships, gender and race, arts and entertainment, parenting and childhood, government and politics, animals, science and time.

Social Media

1. Does Social Media Harm Young People’s Mental Health? 2. How Much Should Speech Be Moderated on Social Media? 3. Should the United States Ban TikTok? 4. How Young Is Too Young to Use Social Media? 5. Should Kids Be Social Media Influencers? 6. What Should Be Done to Protect Children Online? 7. Should There Be Separate Social Media Apps for Children? 8. Are You a Fan of ‘School Accounts’ on Social Media? 9. Will Social Media Help or Hurt Your College and Career Goals? 10. Is It Ever OK to Use Strangers as Content for Social Media?

Phones and Devices

11. Should More Teenagers Ditch Their Smartphones? 12. Should the Adults in Your Life Be Worried by How Much You Use Your Phone? 13. Should Phones Ever Be a Part of Family or Holiday Gatherings? 14. What Are Your Texting Dos and Don’ts? 15. Does Grammar Still Matter in the Age of Twitter? 16. Is Your Phone Love Hurting Your Relationships? 17. Should Texting While Driving Be Treated Like Drunken Driving? 18. How Young Is Too Young for an Apple Watch?

The Internet

19. Do Memes Make the Internet a Better Place? 20. How Excited Are You About the Metaverse? 21. Should Websites Force Users to Prove How Old They Are? 22. What Is the Best Way to Stop Abusive Language Online? 23. How Do You Feel About Cancel Culture? 24. Does Online Public Shaming Prevent Us From Being Able to Grow and Change? 25. Do You Think Online Conspiracy Theories Can Be Dangerous? 26. Does Technology Make Us More Alone?

School Discipline and Attendance

27. Should Schools Ban Cellphones? 28. How Should Schools Hold Students Accountable for Hurting Others? 29. What Are Your Thoughts on Uniforms and Strict Dress Codes? 30. Should Schools Test Their Students for Nicotine and Drug Use? 31. How Can Schools Engage Students Who Are at Risk of Dropping Out? 32. Should Students Be Allowed to Miss School for Mental Health Reasons? 33. Should Your School Day Start Later? 34. Should There Still Be Snow Days? 35. Do Kids Need Recess? 36. Should Students Be Punished for Not Having Lunch Money?

School Quality and Effectiveness

37. How Do You Think American Education Could Be Improved? 38. Do Schools Need to Do More to Hold Students Accountable? 39. Are Straight A’s Always a Good Thing? 40. Should Students Have the Same Teachers Year After Year? 41. Do Teachers Assign Too Much Homework? 42. Should We Get Rid of Homework? 43. Should We Eliminate Gifted and Talented Programs? 44. Is It Time to Get Rid of Timed Tests? 45. What Role Should Textbooks Play in Education? 46. How Should Senior Year in High School Be Spent? 47. Does Your School Need More Money? 48. Do School Employees Deserve More Respect — and Pay? 49. Should Public Preschool Be a Right for All Children?

Teaching and Learning

50. Do You Think We Need to Change the Way Math Is Taught? 51. Should Financial Literacy Be a Required Course in School? 52. Should Schools Teach Students Kitchen and Household Skills? 53. Do We Need Better Music Education? 54. What Are the Most Important Things Students Should Learn in School? 55. What Is the Purpose of Teaching U.S. History? 56. Do Schools Need to Do More to Support Visual Thinkers? 57. Is School a Place for Self-Expression? 58. Should Media Literacy Be a Required Course in School? 59. Can Empathy Be Taught? Should Schools Try to Help Us Feel One Another’s Pain? 60. Should Schools Teach You How to Be Happy? 61. Should All Schools Teach Cursive? 62. Should Kids Still Learn to Tell Time? 63. How Important Is Knowing a Foreign Language

Technology in School

64. How Should Schools Respond to ChatGPT? 65. Does Learning to Be a Good Writer Still Matter in the Age of A.I.? 66. Is Online Learning Effective? 67. Should Students Be Monitored When Taking Online Tests? 68. Should Schools Be Able to Discipline Students for What They Say on Social Media? 69. Can Social Media Be a Tool for Learning and Growth in Schools? 70. Should Facial Recognition Technology Be Used in Schools? 71. Is Live-Streaming Classrooms a Good Idea? 72. Should Teachers and Professors Ban Student Use of Laptops in Class? 73. Are the Web Filters at Your School Too Restrictive?

Education Politics

74. Do You Feel Your School and Teachers Welcome Both Conservative and Liberal Points of View? 75. Should Students Learn About Climate Change in School? 76. Should Teachers Provide Trigger Warnings for ‘Traumatic Content’? 77. Should Teachers Be Allowed to Wear Political Symbols? 78. What Do You Think About Efforts to Ban Books From School Libraries? 79. What Is Your Reaction to the Growing Fight Over What Young People Can Read? 80. What Do You Think About the Controversy Surrounding the New A.P. Course on African American Studies? 81. Should Schools or Employers Be Allowed to Tell People How They Should Wear Their Hair? 82. Does Prayer Have Any Place in Public Schools? 83. Should Schools Be Allowed to Censor Student Newspapers?

College Admissions

84. Should Colleges Consider Standardized Tests in Admissions? 85. Should Students Let ChatGPT Help Them Write Their College Essays? 86. What Is Your Reaction to the End of Race-Based Affirmative Action in College Admissions? 87. Are Early-Decision Programs Unfair? Should Colleges Do Away With Them? 88. Is the College Admissions Process Fair? 89. How Much Do You Think It Matters Where You Go to College? 90. Should Everyone Go to College? 91. Should College Be Free? 92. Is Student Debt Worth It? 93. Should High Schools Post Their Annual College Lists?

Campus Life

94. What Should Free Speech Look Like on Campus? 95. Should Greek Life on College Campuses Come to an End? 96. Should Universities Work to Curtail Student Drinking? 97. How Should the Problem of Sexual Assault on Campuses Be Addressed? 98. Are Lavish Amenities on College Campuses Useful or Frivolous? 99. Should ‘Despised Dissenters’ Be Allowed to Speak on College Campuses? 100. Should Emotional Support Animals Be Allowed on College Campuses?

Jobs and Careers

101. Is High School a Good Time to Train for a Career? 102. Is There Such a Thing as a ‘Useless’ College Major? 103. Should All High School Students Have Part-Time Jobs? 104. Should National Service Be Required for All Young Americans? 105. Is It OK to Use Family Connections to Get a Job?

Money and Business

106. Do You Think the American Dream Is Real? 107. Should All Young People Learn How to Invest in the Stock Market? 108. Should We All Go Cashless? 109. When Should You Tip? 110. Should We End the Practice of Tipping? 111. Are You a Crypto Optimist or Skeptic? 112. Do Celebrities and Influencers Make You Want to Buy What They’re Selling? 113. Is $1 Billion Too Much Money for Any One Person to Have? 114. Are C.E.O.s Paid Too Much? 115. Is It Immoral to Increase the Price of Goods During a Crisis? 116. What Should Stores Do With Unsold Goods? 117. Is There a ‘Right Way’ to Be a Tourist? 118. Who Should We Honor on Our Money?

Mental Health

119. Is Teen Mental Health in a State of Crisis? 120. ‘Love-Bombing.’ ‘Gaslighting.’ ‘Victim.’ Is ‘Trauma Talk’ Overused? 121. Does Achieving Success Always Include Being Happy? 122. Is Struggle Essential to Happiness? 123. Should Schools Teach Mindfulness? 124. How Can We Bring an End to the ‘Epidemic of Loneliness’? 125. Does Every Country Need a ‘Loneliness Minister’? 126. What Ideas Do You Have to Bring Your Community Closer Together? 127. Are Emotional-Support Animals a Scam? 128. Is It OK to Laugh During Dark Times?

Dating and Relationships

129. Who Should Pay for Dates? 130. Do Marriage Proposals Still Have a Place in Today’s Society? 131. Should Your Significant Other Be Your Best Friend? 132. How Do You Think Technology Affects Dating?

Physical Health

133. Should Governments Do More to Discourage People From Smoking and Vaping? 134. How Should Adults Talk to Kids About Drugs? 135. Can Laziness Be a Good Thing? 136. Should There Be Requirements for Teens Who Want to Ride E-Bikes? 137. What Advice Should Parents and Counselors Give Teenagers About Sexting? 138. Should All Children Be Vaccinated? 139. Do We Worry Too Much About Germs?

140. Is It Becoming More Acceptable for Men and Boys to Cry? 141. Is It Harder for Men and Boys to Make and Keep Friends? 142. Should Award Shows Eliminate Gendered Categories? 143. Should There Be More Gender Options on Identification Documents? 144. Justice Ginsburg Fought for Gender Equality. How Close Are We to Achieving That Goal? 145. What Should #MeToo Mean for Teenage Boys? 146. What Is Hard About Being a Boy? 147. Should There Be More Boy Dolls? 148. Is Single-Sex Education Still Useful? 149. Are Beauty Pageants Still Relevant? 150. Should Period Products Be Free? 151. What Are Your Thoughts on Last Names? 152. What Rules Should Apply to Transgender Athletes When They Compete? 153. What Is Your Reaction to the Recent Wave of Legislation That Seeks to Regulate the Lives of Transgender Youths? 154. What Do You Wish Lawmakers Knew About How Anti-L.G.B.T.Q. Legislation Affects Teenagers?

Identity, Race and Ethnicity

155. How Should Schools Respond to Racist Jokes? 156. How Should Parents Teach Their Children About Race and Racism? 157. What Is Your Reaction to Efforts to Limit Teaching on Race in Schools? 158. How Should Racial Slurs in Literature Be Handled in the Classroom? 159. Should Confederate Statues Be Removed or Remain in Place? 160. Should We Rename Schools Named for Historical Figures With Ties to Racism, Sexism or Slavery? 161. How Should We Remember the Problematic Actions of the Nation’s Founders? 162. Does the United States Owe Reparations to the Descendants of Enslaved People? 163. What Can History Teach Us About Resilience? 164. Should All Americans Receive Anti-Bias Education? 165. Is Fear of ‘The Other’ Poisoning Public Life? 166. What Stereotypical Characters Make You Cringe? 167. When Talking About Identity, How Much Do Words Matter? 168. How Useful Is It to Be Multilingual?

TV and Movies

169. Is True Crime As a Form of Entertainment Ethical? 170. Should Old TV Shows Be Brought Back? 171. Does Reality TV Deserve Its Bad Rap? 172. How Closely Should Actors’ Identities Reflect the Roles They Play? 173. In the Age of Digital Streaming, Are Movie Theaters Still Relevant? 174. Do We Need More Female Superheroes? 175. Is Hollywood Becoming More Diverse? 176. When Does Lying in Comedy Cross a Line? 177. How Do You Feel About ‘Nepotism Babies’?

Music and Video Games

178. Will A.I. Replace Pop Stars? 179. If Two Songs Sound Alike, Is It Stealing? 180. Should Musicians Be Allowed to Copy or Borrow From Other Artists? 181. How Do You Feel About Censored Music? 182. What Are the Greatest Songs of All Time? 183. Do Video Games Deserve the Bad Rap They Often Get? 184. Should There Be Limits on How Much Time Young People Spend Playing Video Games? 185. Should More Parents Play Video Games With Their Kids?

186. Are A.I.-Generated Pictures Art? 187. What Work of Art Should Your Friends Fall in Love With? 188. If Artwork Offends People, Should It Be Removed? 189. Should Museums Return Looted Artifacts to Their Countries of Origin? 190. Should Art Come With Trigger Warnings? 191. Is the Digital Era Improving or Ruining the Experience of Art? 192. Are Museums Still Important in the Digital Age? 193. Can You Separate Art From the Artist? 194. Are There Subjects That Should Be Off-Limits to Artists, or to Certain Artists in Particular? 195. Should Graffiti Be Protected?

Books and Literature

196. Is Listening to a Book Just as Good as Reading It? 197. Should Classic Children’s Books Be Updated for Today’s Young Readers? 198. Should White Writers Translate a Black Author’s Work? 199. Is There Any Benefit to Reading Books You Hate? 200. Should Libraries Get Rid of Late Fees?

201. What’s the Best — and Worst — Part of Being a Sports Fan? 202. Who Is the GOAT? 203. Do Women’s Sports Deserve More Attention? 204. What Should Be Done About the Gender Pay Gap in Sports? 205. Should Girls and Boys Sports Teams Compete in the Same League? 206. Should More Sports Be Coed? 207. College Athletes Can Now Be Paid. But Not All of Them Are Seeing Money. Is That Fair? 208. Should High School-Age Basketball Players Be Able to Get Paid? 209. Are Some Youth Sports Too Intense? 210. Are Youth Sports Too Competitive? 211. Is It Bad Sportsmanship to Run Up the Score in Youth Sports? 212. Is It Ethical to Be a Football Fan? 213. Does the N.F.L. Have a Race Problem? 214. What New Rules Would Improve Your Favorite Sport? 215. What Sports Deserve More Hype? 216. How Should We Punish Sports Cheaters? 217. Should Technology in Sports Be Limited? 218. Does Better Sports Equipment Unfairly Improve Athletic Ability? 219. Is It Offensive for Sports Teams and Their Fans to Use Native American Names, Imagery and Gestures? 220. Is It Selfish to Pursue Risky Sports Like Extreme Mountain Climbing? 221. Should Cheerleading Be an Olympic Sport?

Related Writing Prompt

222. Should Parents Ever Be Held Responsible for the Harmful Actions of Their Children? 223. Where Is the Line Between Helping a Child Become More Resilient and Pushing Them Too Hard? 224. Should Parents Give Children More Responsibility at Younger Ages? 225. Should Parents Tell Children the Truth About Santa? 226. Should Parents Weigh in on Their Kids’ Dating Lives? 227. Should Parents Track Their Children? 228. How Should Parents Support a Student Who Has Fallen Behind in School? 229. Do Parents Ever Cross a Line by Helping Too Much With Schoolwork? 230. What’s the Best Way to Discipline Children? 231. What Are Your Thoughts on ‘Snowplow Parents’? 232. Should Stay-at-Home Parents Be Paid? 233. Should Parents Bribe Their Children?

Childhood and Growing Up

234. Is It Harder to Grow Up in the 21st Century Than It Was in the Past? 235. Is Childhood Today Over-Supervised? 236. When Do You Become an Adult? 237. Who Should Decide Whether a Teenager Can Get a Tattoo or Piercing? 238. Do We Give Children Too Many Trophies? 239. What Can Older Generations Learn From Gen Z? 240. What Is the Worst Toy Ever?

Legislation and Policy

241. Should the Death Penalty Be Abolished? 242. Should Marijuana Be Legal? 243. Should the United States Decriminalize the Possession of Drugs? 244. What Is Your Reaction to the State of Abortion Rights? 245. Should the Government Cancel Student Debt? 246. Should Public Transit Be Free? 247. Should There Be More Public Restrooms? 248. Should the U.S. Be Doing More to Prevent Child Poverty? 249. Should the Government Provide a Guaranteed Income for Families With Children? 250. Should Law Enforcement Be Able to Use DNA Data From Genealogy Websites for Criminal Investigations?

Gun Violence

251. Are You Concerned About Violence in America? 252. How Should Americans Deal With the Problem of Gun Violence? 253. What Should Lawmakers Do About Guns and Gun Violence? 254. Should the U.S. Ban Military-Style Semiautomatic Weapons? 255. Should Teachers Be Armed With Guns?

Voting and Elections

256. How Much Faith Do You Have in the U.S. Political System? 257. Is the Electoral College a Problem? Does It Need to Be Fixed? 258. Does Everyone Have a Responsibility to Vote? 259. Should We All Be Able to Vote by Mail? 260. Should There Be a Minimum Voting Age? 261. Should the Voting Age Be Lowered to 16? 262. Should Ex-Felons Have the Right to Vote? 263. Are Presidential Debates Helpful to Voters? Or Should They Be Scrapped?

Freedoms and Rights

264. How Important Is Freedom of the Press? 265. Why Does the Right to Protest Matter? 266. Does the U.S. Constitution Need an Equal Rights Amendment? 267. Do You Care Who Sits on the Supreme Court? Should We Care? 268. Should You Have a Right to Be Rude? 269. Should Prisons Offer Incarcerated People Education Opportunities?

Civic Participation

270. Are You Optimistic About the State of the World? 271. If You Could Take On One Problem Facing Our World, What Would It Be? 272. If You Were Mayor, What Problems Facing Your Community Would You Tackle? 273. Do You Think Teenagers Can Make a Difference in the World? 274. Do You Think It Is Important for Teenagers to Participate in Political Activism? 275. Is Your Generation Doing Its Part to Strengthen Our Democracy? 276. How Is Your Generation Changing Politics? 277. Why Is It Important for People With Different Political Beliefs to Talk to Each Other? 278. Are We Being Bad Citizens If We Don’t Keep Up With the News? 279. Why Do Bystanders Sometimes Fail to Help When They See Someone in Danger? 280. When Is It OK to Be a Snitch? 281. Should Reporters Ever Help the People They Are Covering? 282. Should Celebrities Weigh In on Politics? 283. Should Athletes Speak Out On Social and Political Issues? 284. Should Corporations Take Political Stands? 285. What Do You Think the Role of the First Lady — or First Spouse — Should Be Today?

286. Is Animal Testing Ever Justified? 287. What Is Our Responsibility to Lab Animals? 288. What Are Your Thoughts About Hunting Animals? 289. Should We Be Concerned With Where We Get Our Pets? 290. What Do You Think of Pet Weddings? 291. Is It Wrong to Focus on Animal Welfare When Humans Are Suffering? 292. Should We Bring Back Animals From Extinction? 293. Are Zoos Immoral? 294. Do Bugs Deserve More Respect?

Environment and Science

295. What Role Should Young People Play in the Fight Against Climate Change? 296. Should We Be More Optimistic About Efforts to Combat Climate Change? 297. How Far Is Too Far in the Fight Against Climate Change? 298. Should Plastic Bags Be Banned Everywhere? 299. Is It Ethical to Create Genetically Edited Humans? 300. Should We Still Be Sending Astronauts to Space? 301. Do You Think Pluto Should Be a Planet? 302. Should We Treat Robots Like People?

Time and Seasons

303. What Is the Best Month of the Year? What Is the Worst? 304. Would Life Be Better Without Time Zones? 305. Do You Think It Is Time to Get Rid of Daylight Saving Time? 306. When Do Holiday Decorations Go From Festive to Excessive? 307. Should We Rethink Thanksgiving? 308. When Does a Halloween Costume Cross the Line? 309. Should School Be a Place to Celebrate Halloween? 310. Should the Week Be Four Days Instead of Five?

Students 13 and older in the United States and Britain, and 16 and older elsewhere, are invited to comment. All comments are moderated by the Learning Network staff, but please keep in mind that once your comment is accepted, it will be made public and may appear in print.

Find more Student Opinion questions here. Teachers, check out this guide to learn how you can incorporate these prompts into your classroom.

Natalie Proulx joined The Learning Network as a staff editor in 2017 after working as an English language arts teacher and curriculum writer. More about Natalie Proulx

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How to Write Persuasive Letters

Last Updated: March 11, 2024 Fact Checked

This article was co-authored by Tami Claytor . Tami Claytor is an Etiquette Coach, Image Consultant, and the Owner of Always Appropriate Image and Etiquette Consulting in New York, New York. With over 20 years of experience, Tami specializes in teaching etiquette classes to individuals, students, companies, and community organizations. Tami has spent decades studying cultures through her extensive travels across five continents and has created cultural diversity workshops to promote social justice and cross-cultural awareness. She holds a BA in Economics with a concentration in International Relations from Clark University. Tami studied at the Ophelia DeVore School of Charm and the Fashion Institute of Technology, where she earned her Image Consultant Certification. This article has been fact-checked, ensuring the accuracy of any cited facts and confirming the authority of its sources. This article has been viewed 1,533,218 times.

You've encountered a problem with a bank, insurance company, government agency, employer, or even a school. You need to persuade someone to do something, or help you with something. How do you write a persuasive letter that works? Here are some key ideas for your persuasive letter.

Sample Letters

Preparing To Write Your Letter

• Start by using this: I want to persuade my audience to my purpose . Exchange my audience with who you want to persuade and my purpose with what it is you want to persuade them to do.
• After you have established that, ask yourself: Why? List the reasons why you want your audience to do what you want them to do.
• After you brainstorm reasons, sort them by importance. Place all the important details into a column, then place all the less important details in another column. This step helps you narrow your reasoning so you emphasize the relevant, salient points. [1] X Trustworthy Source Reading Rockets Online resource supported by PBS providing research-based strategies for assisting children to become confident readers Go to source

• When you are figuring out your purpose, think about any solutions that you can offer.

• Try to find a real person to address your letter to. Who are they, and what power do they really have to help you? How are they going to change your mind? Will they just pass along your complaint? How should you address them? Are they in a senior or functionary position? Talk to them according to their position.
• Try to discover what beliefs and biases the reader has about your topic. What disagreements might arise between you and your reader? How can you present a counterargument respectfully?
• Figure out what concerns your reader might have with the topic. Do they have limited funds to distribute? Are they directly affected by the topic? How much time do they have to consider your document?
• Think about the kind of evidence your reader will need in your argument to be persuaded.

• Use facts, logic, statistics, and anecdotal evidence to support your claim.
• Don't come out and say the other side is wrong; instead, be respectful as you explain why your position is stronger and deserves notice.

Formatting the Letter

• Start by using single-spaced, block paragraphs.
• Left justify each paragraph; in other words, don't indent the paragraph like you would in prose or an essay.
• Leave a line between each paragraph.
• Use a standard font, typically Times New Roman or Arial, in size 12.

• Type the date. Spell out the name of the month, then give the date and year. Skip a line.
• June 4, 2013
• Provide the name and address of the recipient. Try to find a specific person to send your letter to. Skip a line.

• When addressing the person, use their title (Mr./Ms./Dr./Miss/etc) and last name. If you are unsure what a woman's preference is, refer to her as Ms.
• Always follow this by a colon.
• Leave a line between the salutation and the first paragraph. [4] X Research source
• Dear Dr. Brown:

• Choose Respectfully yours, for something more formal. Sincerely, Kind regards, Thank you, or Yours truly, are standard for formal business e-mails. Best, Best regards, or Have a nice day, are much less formal and friendly.
• Skip 4 lines afterwards to leave room for the signature before typing your name.

Writing the Letter

• Avoid overly long sentences. Make sure to use strong, declarative sentences. Your writing should be succinct, to the point, and easy to read.
• Don't make your paragraphs too long. Don't cram so much information inside that you lose your reader, stray from the main point, or make your point hard to understand. Stick to the relevant information, and change paragraphs when you start a new idea.

• This paragraph might only be 2-4 sentences.

• Remember to keep it logical, polite, and factual. Avoid overly emotional language, don't demand action, or be rude to the person or company you are writing to or opposing sides.

• Cite statistics and facts to appeal to your reader's reason. Make sure your statistics and facts are from credible, respected sources, and that you are using them truthfully and not taking them out of context. Make sure to cite the sources.
• Quote experts on the topic who support your position or disagree with the other side. These experts should be respected in their fields and be qualified to have an opinion on the subject.
• Provide a reason why your request should be granted. Telling someone they need to do something isn't a very effective persuasive technique, but explaining to them why you believe something should be done can help change their mind.
• Provide details, specifications, and limitations to your position and request. Talk about past efforts related to your request, or the lack of any action.
• Give examples of testimonials that relate to your position. Think of any other evidence you can provide as to why your position matters.
• Just remember to limit what you include in your paragraphs. State your case and situation simply. Don't go into excess detail, but do include all the essential points. Choose only the most relevant statistics, experts, and testimonials.

• Make sure to openly admit differences between your position and the opposing side. Don't try to hide them; this weakens your argument. Instead, stress shared values, experiences, and problems with the opposing side.
• Avoid judgmental statements. That puts too much emotion into your letter and lessens your logical appeal. Being overly negative and judgmental may deter the other side from agreeing with you.

• Aim to end with a powerful sentence that will help to persuade your reader to be on your side, or to at least see things more clearly from your perspective.
• Offer your own solutions or help. Agree to compromise, or meet in the middle. Show what you have already done or are prepared to do to deal with the situation.

Putting on the Final Touches

• If needed, have someone check your writing for spelling (or use your spell checker in the software).

Community Q&A

• Make it formal. The person who will be reading the letter will not believe you if you use chatty or informal language. Formal language is also just more polite than using pointless slang! Thanks Helpful 0 Not Helpful 0
• Use flattery. The person you're trying to persuade would rather help someone who is kind to them. Thanks Helpful 0 Not Helpful 0
• Stay on topic. Take care not to add random information that has no bearing on the issue at hand. Instead, stick to the relevant facts and be simple. Use the facts to be descriptive. Thanks Helpful 0 Not Helpful 0

You Might Also Like

• ↑ https://www.readingrockets.org/sites/default/files/migrated/content/pdfs/persuasiveletter_camping.pdf
• ↑ https://valenciacollege.edu/students/learning-support/winter-park/communications/documents/ElementsofPersuasive.pdf
• ↑ https://writing.wisc.edu/handbook/assignments/businessletter/
• ↑ https://writing.wisc.edu/Handbook/BusinessLetter.html
• ↑ https://www.hamilton.edu/academics/centers/writing/writing-resources/persuasive-essays
• ↑ https://www.student.unsw.edu.au/writing-your-essay

About This Article

To write a persuasive letter, start by stating your main point within the first couple of sentences so it's clear right away what you want. Then, emphasize the importance of your request with supporting details like facts, quotes, and statistics. Remember to make your sentences short and to the point so that you don’t bore or frustrate the reader. Additionally, keep your tone factual and polite to avoid coming across as demanding or overly emotional. For more advice, including how to properly format a persuasive letter, keep reading. Did this summary help you? Yes No

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3 Ways to Bottle Feed Calves

3 ways to date a virgin, how to measure flooring: 12 steps, how to change the button color in html, how to speak danish: 12 steps, 14 ways to heal ligaments fast, 3 simple ways to heal a cartilage piercing, navigating the world of job opportunities, 4 ways to be a great conversationalist, how to clean cockapoo ears: 10 steps, how to write persuasive letters.

Introduction

Persuasive letters are a powerful tool in your communication arsenal. Whether you’re looking to make a change in your community, convince someone of your point of view, or promote a cause, knowing how to write an effective persuasive letter is crucial. In this article, we will explore the fundamentals of persuasive letter writing.

1. Know Your Audience

Understanding your target audience is essential for crafting a persuasive letter that resonates with them. Consider what issues matter most to them, their values, and the language they’ll understand and appreciate. This understanding will help you tailor your message in a way that appeals to their interests and beliefs.

2. State Your Objective Clearly

Your persuasive letter should have a clear and specific goal. Start by outlining the issue at hand and then state your position on it. Make sure your objective is feasible and has merit from the recipient’s perspective. Presenting a tangible goal will make it easier for the recipient to understand and support your cause.

3. Provide Substantial Evidence

To persuade someone, you’ll need to support your argument with relevant facts, data, and expert opinions. Research is key here—find compelling evidence that supports your position and include it in your letter. Including reputable sources adds credibility to your claims and demonstrates that you’ve done your homework.

4. Structure Your Argument Logically

To make a strong case, structure your arguments logically. Start with the most convincing points and gradually move on to less important ones. This structure will create a sense of momentum that strengthens your overall argument.

5. Keep It Concise

Your persuasive letter should be as concise as possible while still presenting all essential information. Long-winded letters might deter readers from finishing them or fully grasping the message you’re trying to convey. Be brief but thorough—every word should serve a purpose in advancing your argument.

6. Be Honest and Ethical

Avoid exaggerating, misrepresenting facts, or using manipulative tactics in your persuasive letter. These tactics can diminish your credibility and undermine the strength of your case. Stick to genuine arguments and focus on presenting evidence to support your claims.

7. Use Persuasive Language

The language you use in your letter can significantly impact its persuasive power. Use strong action verbs, vivid examples, and real-life stories to engage the reader emotionally and intellectually. Be confident in your tone and assertive in expressing your views.

8. Show Empathy

Showing empathy is vital for connecting with your audience on an emotional level. Acknowledge opposing views and address any potential concerns the recipient might have about supporting your cause. By demonstrating that you understand their position, you increase the chances of winning them over to your side.

9. Close with a Call to Action

Your letter should close with a clear and concise call to action. Specify what you want the recipient to do and any relevant deadlines for action. Make sure the call to action aligns with your stated objective, which will reinforce your overarching message.

10. Proofread Your Letter

Finally, proofread your letter carefully to ensure it’s free from errors and flows smoothly from start to finish. Typos and awkward phrasing can detract from the message you’re trying to convey. Consider asking someone else to review your letter as an additional check for clarity and readability.

When written effectively, persuasive letters have the power to influence opinions, bring about change, or encourage support for a cause. By following these guidelines, you’ll be well on your way to crafting persuasive letters that resonate with recipients and achieve their intended outcomes.

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• FAN LETTERS!

Fan Letters: “The relationship between Mike Dodds and Sunderland’s players is too cosy”

Doubts about our interim head coach’s authority, more reaction to the Blackburn defeat, and an argument in favour of tweaking ‘the model’ are in the RR mailbox today! Got something to say? Email us: [email protected]

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Share All sharing options for: Fan Letters: “The relationship between Mike Dodds and Sunderland’s players is too cosy”

Dear roker report,.

I’ve heard a number of players in recent weeks make references to ‘Doddsy’, and that alone tells me he can’t be our manager or head coach moving forward.

The relationship is too close and cosy; he’s the players’ friend and that can’t be the way forward.

Manchester Utd players of the past never called the manager ‘Fergie’. Instead, he was ‘boss’ or ‘gaffer’.

Some Manchester City players may call the gaffer ‘Pep’, but that’s a bit of a one-off. I also don’t hear Liverpool players referring to ‘Kloppy’ or Arsenal players talking about Arteta. Even in 2024, players need to know who’s boss.

Semantics maybe, but hopefully you get my point and as far as I can recall, even the lovely ‘Uncle Tony’ was never called ‘Tony’, or ‘Mowbs’ by the players.

It’s all gone a bit too soft and recent performances reflect that.

The next manager or head coach needs to be someone that has total respect and a bit of fear from the dressing room. That’s why I’m not sure about Will Still and would prefer Steve Cooper.

Whoever it is, they have to be capable of making players run through brick walls and deliver high standards of performance every week, knowing that they’ll be bollocked and dropped if they don’t.

Ed’s Note [Phil]: Hi, Derek. Thank you for your letter. The question of exactly how much authority and gravitas Mike Dodds actually possesses is an interesting one, and it feels as though the answer is ‘not much at all’. Even though I felt it was a wise idea to allow him to steer the Lads through their remaining games, our form since he took charge has been largely dismal and whenever I watch him on the touchline or in interviews, he comes across as timid and nervous- not unlike Michael Beale, as it happens. As you say, these young players need a head coach with status, experience and credibility, and that needs to be uppermost in the club’s mind as they search for a permanent successor to Beale. The success or failure of next season could depend on it.

What on earth was the Blackburn game about?

It wasn’t just that individual performances were poor (although they definitely were), it was almost as if the players had never met each other.

There was zero coordination, and good passes were being made but nobody was in place for them.

It’s no surprise one that of the fullest stadiums I’ve seen since the Premier League days rapidly went down to one of the emptiest.

Ed’s Note [Phil]: Hi, Paul. Thank you for getting in touch. It was a truly dismal performance and result on Easter Monday, and what I found particularly alarming was the lack of application from the players and the speed at which they crumbled after falling behind. Conceding a third goal mere moments into the second half was ultimately fatal, and the remainder of the half was painful as the stadium gradually emptied and the game drifted towards its conclusion. A huge setback after the victory over Cardiff City, and one that raised all sorts of uncomfortable questions for the players, coaches and directors.

So, Kyril Louis-Dreyfus is looking for an American bank loan, probably to pay for the new floodlights, a new pitch and a new PA system.

This smells to high heaven.

No money from himself or other board members and no real plan other than to sell any player for profit and start again.

No manager, no plan, just keep sucking in 40,000 fans. It’s about time these guys owned up, because this is a club in crisis.

Alan Metcalfe

Ed’s Note [Phil]: Hi, Alan. Thank you for your letter. Without knowing the exact details of the loan that Kyril Louis-Dreyfus is rumoured to have taken out, it’s impossible to judge it with any certainty, but on the subject of player sales, I think this summer will be the first time we’ll see some of our more valuable players departing, which has been common knowledge for quite some time. Quite how it’ll all work out is very much up in the air, but one thing is for sure: there isn’t a great deal of goodwill for the current regime at the moment, and they need to make some serious moves to get it right once the season is over. The 2024/2025 season will depend on whether they do.

Embracing the club’s recent tagline, coined to reinforce our blind faith, an edit could sum it up: ‘Rubbish: it’s a way of life!’

By the way, if like me and 25,000 others, you received your personal email from the skipper, feel free to reply to him.

Of course, it’s a ‘no reply message’ but send your response to [email protected]

Mark it: ‘FAO Luke O’Nien’.

Kevin Ramsay

Ed’s Note [Phil]: Hi, Kevin. Thank you for getting in touch. I found Luke O’Nien’s post-match interview following the Blackburn game quite interesting, as you could see that he was clearly livid about what had happened and the goals we conceded, but I did feel that he was trying to defend his teammates at the same time, which you’d expect him to do. At the moment, the standards aren’t acceptable for a club such as ours, and there needs to be a real effort from everyone during the final six games to turn it round and end the season with some momentum behind us. That’s the minimum we should expect.

Many people are suggesting that Sunderland’s ‘model’ should be scrapped- an understandable reaction.

However, it’s worth remembering that as a result of it, we were two games and possibly two draws away from the Premier League last season, and earlier this season, we were sitting in a playoff position.

Unfortunately the events of the last few months, culminating in the debacle against Blackburn, have provided incontrovertible evidence that the model needs modification.

It’s not the model per se that’s the problem but the intransigence of the powers that be.

If positions can’t be filled when operating under the constraints of the recruitment system then we surely, for the good of the club, must look beyond it, and our desperate need for a quality defensive midfield player and a mobile, savvy striker are two obvious examples.

The four ‘strikers’ we brought in don’t look capable of worrying even the flakiest of Championship defences.

I’s like to think that allowing some leeway in ‘the model’ would make it easier to recruit a decent manager or head coach, too.

Geoff Laidlaw

Ed’s Note [Phil]: Hi, Geoff. Thank you for your letter. I think one of the key words this summer, when it comes to our new head coaching appointment and our recruitment, has to be ‘flexibility’. However, judging by the minutes of the most recent supporters’ meeting, I suspect Kristjaan Speakman and company intend to continue with their current policy of recruitment, and it feels like a huge gamble if they were to do so. Time will tell, of course, but I fear that many fans might be left disappointed ahead of next season kicking off.

Sunderland’s final six games might help us to crack some codes

Fan letters: “as sunderland captain, luke o’nien needs to be more vocal on the pitch”, on this day (5 april 2015): defoe & dick bring the know-how as sunderland beat newcastle again, loading comments..., sign up for the newsletter sign up for the roker report daily roundup newsletter, thanks for signing up.

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Today's Paper | April 05, 2024

Letter inquiry.

THERE has been a twist in the tale. After the Supreme Court last week deferred to the federal cabinet, asking it to deal with a disturbing letter six Islamabad High Court justices had addressed to the chief justice, observers had worried that a government-sponsored inquiry into intelligence operatives’ alleged interference in judicial affairs would prove to be a non-starter.

Even as voices from within the legal community were still criticising the Supreme Court for neglecting its responsibility and ceding full control over the inquiry to the government, a respected former judge, retired chief justice Tassaduq Hussain Jillani, was duly appointed to head the inquiry commission tasked with looking into the judges’ letter.

By Monday, however — following an open statement from more than 300 lawyers, amidst whispers that the six IHC justices may be considering directly petitioning the Supreme Court, and a polite ‘no, thank you’ from Mr Jillani — the scheme seemed to have fallen apart.

Accepting demands that the letter be taken up by the Supreme Court under its jurisdiction defined in Article 184(3), Chief Justice Qazi Faez Isa announced on Monday that his court had taken suo motu notice of the matter. A seven-member bench will take the case up for hearing tomorrow. Although some concerns regarding the size and composition of the bench have been raised by certain quarters, the development is a breakthrough for the legal community and is being seen as a positive step.

It is hoped that the court will now arrange for the proceedings to be broadcast live, as in past important cases. The issues raised by the six justices of the Islamabad High Court have caused quite a sensation, and it would, therefore, be in the public interest if they are also addressed transparently.

The legal community deserves much credit for refusing to accept a compromise in the form of an inquiry commission and pushing for the letter to be taken up by the Supreme Court.

Mr Jillani’s well-reasoned refusal to sit in inquiry over six serving justices also deserves commendation. The former chief justice of Pakistan, while thanking the government for its consideration, courteously pointed out that since the letter had been addressed to the Supreme Judicial Council and its chairman, it would be improper of him to interfere in an institutional matter. He also objected to the inquiry’s terms of reference, as set by the government, noting that they did not seem relevant to the issue raised in the judges’ letter, namely, a consultation on what judges must do when they are placed under duress.

In doing so, Mr Jillani greatly strengthened the argument that others had been making: the judiciary must address this issue internally. One now hopes it will do so enthusiastically.

Published in Dawn, April 2nd, 2024

IHC judges’ letter: Jillani recuses himself from inquiry commission as SC takes suo motu notice

IHC judges’ letter: Over 300 lawyers call on SC to take notice under Article 184(3)

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Sat / act prep online guides and tips, 113 perfect persuasive essay topics for any assignment.

General Education

Do you need to write a persuasive essay but aren’t sure what topic to focus on? Were you thrilled when your teacher said you could write about whatever you wanted but are now overwhelmed by the possibilities? We’re here to help!

Read on for a list of 113 top-notch persuasive essay topics, organized into ten categories. To help get you started, we also discuss what a persuasive essay is, how to choose a great topic, and what tips to keep in mind as you write your persuasive essay.

What Is a Persuasive Essay?

In a persuasive essay, you attempt to convince readers to agree with your point of view on an argument. For example, an essay analyzing changes in Italian art during the Renaissance wouldn’t be a persuasive essay, because there’s no argument, but an essay where you argue that Italian art reached its peak during the Renaissance would be a persuasive essay because you’re trying to get your audience to agree with your viewpoint.

Persuasive and argumentative essays both try to convince readers to agree with the author, but the two essay types have key differences. Argumentative essays show a more balanced view of the issue and discuss both sides. Persuasive essays focus more heavily on the side the author agrees with. They also often include more of the author’s opinion than argumentative essays, which tend to use only facts and data to support their argument.

All persuasive essays have the following:

• Introduction: Introduces the topic, explains why it’s important, and ends with the thesis.
• Thesis: A sentence that sums up what the essay be discussing and what your stance on the issue is.
• Reasons you believe your side of the argument: Why do you support the side you do? Typically each main point will have its own body paragraph.
• Evidence supporting your argument: Facts or examples to back up your main points. Even though your opinion is allowed in persuasive essays more than most other essays, having concrete examples will make a stronger argument than relying on your opinion alone.
• Conclusion: Restatement of thesis, summary of main points, and a recap of why the issue is important.

What Makes a Good Persuasive Essay Topic?

Theoretically, you could write a persuasive essay about any subject under the sun, but that doesn’t necessarily mean you should. Certain topics are easier to write a strong persuasive essay on, and below are tips to follow when deciding what you should write about.

It’s a Topic You Care About

Obviously, it’s possible to write an essay about a topic you find completely boring. You’ve probably done it! However, if possible, it’s always better to choose a topic that you care about and are interested in. When this is the case, you’ll find doing the research more enjoyable, writing the essay easier, and your writing will likely be better because you’ll be more passionate about and informed on the topic.

You Have Enough Evidence to Support Your Argument

Just being passionate about a subject isn’t enough to make it a good persuasive essay topic, though. You need to make sure your argument is complex enough to have at least two potential sides to root for, and you need to be able to back up your side with evidence and examples. Even though persuasive essays allow your opinion to feature more than many other essays, you still need concrete evidence to back up your claims, or you’ll end up with a weak essay.

For example, you may passionately believe that mint chocolate chip ice cream is the best ice cream flavor (I agree!), but could you really write an entire essay on this? What would be your reasons for believing mint chocolate chip is the best (besides the fact that it’s delicious)? How would you support your belief? Have enough studies been done on preferred ice cream flavors to support an entire essay? When choosing a persuasive essay idea, you want to find the right balance between something you care about (so you can write well on it) and something the rest of the world cares about (so you can reference evidence to strengthen your position).

It’s a Manageable Topic

Bigger isn’t always better, especially with essay topics. While it may seem like a great idea to choose a huge, complex topic to write about, you’ll likely struggle to sift through all the information and different sides of the issue and winnow them down to one streamlined essay. For example, choosing to write an essay about how WWII impacted American life more than WWI wouldn’t be a great idea because you’d need to analyze all the impacts of both the wars in numerous areas of American life. It’d be a huge undertaking. A better idea would be to choose one impact on American life the wars had (such as changes in female employment) and focus on that. Doing so will make researching and writing your persuasive essay much more feasible.

List of 113 Good Persuasive Essay Topics

Below are over 100 persuasive essay ideas, organized into ten categories. When you find an idea that piques your interest, you’ll choose one side of it to argue for in your essay. For example, if you choose the topic, “should fracking be legal?” you’d decide whether you believe fracking should be legal or illegal, then you’d write an essay arguing all the reasons why your audience should agree with you.

Arts/Culture

• Should students be required to learn an instrument in school?
• Did the end of Game of Thrones fit with the rest of the series?
• Can music be an effective way to treat mental illness?
• With e-readers so popular, have libraries become obsolete?
• Are the Harry Potter books more popular than they deserve to be?
• Should music with offensive language come with a warning label?
• What’s the best way for museums to get more people to visit?
• Should students be able to substitute an art or music class for a PE class in school?
• Are the Kardashians good or bad role models for young people?
• Should people in higher income brackets pay more taxes?
• Should all high school students be required to take a class on financial literacy?
• Is it possible to achieve the American dream, or is it only a myth?
• Is it better to spend a summer as an unpaid intern at a prestigious company or as a paid worker at a local store/restaurant?
• Should the United States impose more or fewer tariffs?
• Should college graduates have their student loans forgiven?
• Should restaurants eliminate tipping and raise staff wages instead?
• Should students learn cursive writing in school?
• Which is more important: PE class or music class?
• Is it better to have year-round school with shorter breaks throughout the year?
• Should class rank be abolished in schools?
• Should students be taught sex education in school?
• Should students be able to attend public universities for free?
• What’s the most effective way to change the behavior of school bullies?
• Are the SAT and ACT accurate ways to measure intelligence?
• Should students be able to learn sign language instead of a foreign language?
• Do the benefits of Greek life at colleges outweigh the negatives?
• Does doing homework actually help students learn more?
• Why do students in many other countries score higher than American students on math exams?
• Should parents/teachers be able to ban certain books from schools?
• What’s the best way to reduce cheating in school?
• Should colleges take a student’s race into account when making admissions decisions?
• Should there be limits to free speech?
• Should students be required to perform community service to graduate high school?
• Should convicted felons who have completed their sentence be allowed to vote?
• Should gun ownership be more tightly regulated?
• Should recycling be made mandatory?
• Should employers be required to offer paid leave to new parents?
• Are there any circumstances where torture should be allowed?
• Should children under the age of 18 be able to get plastic surgery for cosmetic reasons?
• Should white supremacy groups be allowed to hold rallies in public places?
• Does making abortion illegal make women more or less safe?
• Does foreign aid actually help developing countries?
• Are there times a person’s freedom of speech should be curtailed?
• Should people over a certain age not be allowed to adopt children?

Government/Politics

• Should the minimum voting age be raised/lowered/kept the same?
• Should Puerto Rico be granted statehood?
• Should the United States build a border wall with Mexico?
• Who should be the next person printed on American banknotes?
• Should the United States’ military budget be reduced?
• Did China’s one child policy have overall positive or negative impacts on the country?
• Should DREAMers be granted US citizenship?
• Is national security more important than individual privacy?
• What responsibility does the government have to help homeless people?
• Should the electoral college be abolished?
• Should the US increase or decrease the number of refugees it allows in each year?
• Should privately-run prisons be abolished?
• Who was the most/least effective US president?
• Will Brexit end up helping or harming the UK?

• What’s the best way to reduce the spread of Ebola?
• Is the Keto diet a safe and effective way to lose weight?
• Should the FDA regulate vitamins and supplements more strictly?
• Should public schools require all students who attend to be vaccinated?
• Is eating genetically modified food safe?
• What’s the best way to make health insurance more affordable?
• What’s the best way to lower the teen pregnancy rate?
• Should recreational marijuana be legalized nationwide?
• Should birth control pills be available without a prescription?
• Should pregnant women be forbidden from buying cigarettes and alcohol?
• Why has anxiety increased in adolescents?
• Are low-carb or low-fat diets more effective for weight loss?
• What caused the destruction of the USS Maine?
• Was King Arthur a mythical legend or actual Dark Ages king?
• Was the US justified in dropping atomic bombs during WWII?
• What was the primary cause of the Rwandan genocide?
• What happened to the settlers of the Roanoke colony?
• Was disagreement over slavery the primary cause of the US Civil War?
• What has caused the numerous disappearances in the Bermuda triangle?
• Should nuclear power be banned?
• Is scientific testing on animals necessary?
• Do zoos help or harm animals?
• Should scientists be allowed to clone humans?
• Should animals in circuses be banned?
• Should fracking be legal?
• Should people be allowed to keep exotic animals as pets?
• What’s the best way to reduce illegal poaching in Africa?
• What is the best way to reduce the impact of global warming?
• Should euthanasia be legalized?
• Is there legitimate evidence of extraterrestrial life?
• Should people be banned from owning aggressive dog breeds?
• Should the United States devote more money towards space exploration?
• Should the government subsidize renewable forms of energy?
• Is solar energy worth the cost?
• Should stem cells be used in medicine?
• Is it right for the US to leave the Paris Climate Agreement?
• Should athletes who fail a drug test receive a lifetime ban from the sport?
• Should college athletes receive a salary?
• Should the NFL do more to prevent concussions in players?
• Do PE classes help students stay in shape?
• Should horse racing be banned?
• Should cheerleading be considered a sport?
• Should children younger than 18 be allowed to play tackle football?
• Are the costs of hosting an Olympic Games worth it?
• Can online schools be as effective as traditional schools?
• Do violent video games encourage players to be violent in real life?
• Should facial recognition technology be banned?
• Does excessive social media use lead to depression/anxiety?
• Has the rise of translation technology made knowing multiple languages obsolete?
• Was Steve Jobs a visionary or just a great marketer?
• Should social media be banned for children younger than a certain age?
• Which 21st-century invention has had the largest impact on society?
• Are ride-sharing companies like Uber and Lyft good or bad for society?
• Should Facebook have done more to protect the privacy of its users?
• Will technology end up increasing or decreasing inequality worldwide?

Tips for Writing a Strong Persuasive Essay

After you’ve chosen the perfect topic for your persuasive essay, your work isn’t over. Follow the three tips below to create a top-notch essay.

Do Your Research

Your argument will fall apart if you don’t fully understand the issue you’re discussing or you overlook an important piece of it. Readers won’t be convinced by someone who doesn’t know the subject, and you likely won’t persuade any of them to begin supporting your viewpoint. Before you begin writing a single word of your essay, research your topic thoroughly. Study different sources, learn about the different sides of the argument, ask anyone who’s an expert on the topic what their opinion is, etc. You might be tempted to start writing right away, but by doing your research, you’ll make the writing process much easier when the time comes.

Make Your Thesis Perfect

Your thesis is the most important sentence in your persuasive essay. Just by reading that single sentence, your audience should know exactly what topic you’ll be discussing and where you stand on the issue. You want your thesis to be crystal clear and to accurately set up the rest of your essay. Asking classmates or your teacher to look it over before you begin writing the rest of your essay can be a big help if you’re not entirely confident in your thesis.

Consider the Other Side

You’ll spend most of your essay focusing on your side of the argument since that’s what you want readers to come away believing. However, don’t think that means you can ignore other sides of the issue. In your essay, be sure to discuss the other side’s argument, as well as why you believe this view is weak or untrue. Researching all the different viewpoints and including them in your essay will increase the quality of your writing by making your essay more complete and nuanced.

Summary: Persuasive Essay Ideas

Good persuasive essay topics can be difficult to come up with, but in this guide we’ve created a list of 113 excellent essay topics for you to browse. The best persuasive essay ideas will be those that you are interested in, have enough evidence to support your argument, and aren’t too complicated to be summarized in an essay.

After you’ve chosen your essay topic, keep these three tips in mind when you begin writing:

• Do your research
• Make your thesis perfect
• Consider the other side

What's Next?

Need ideas for a research paper topic as well? Our guide to research paper topics has over 100 topics in ten categories so you can be sure to find the perfect topic for you.

Thinking about taking an AP English class? Read our guide on AP English classes to learn whether you should take AP English Language or AP English Literature (or both!)

Deciding between the SAT or ACT? Find out for sure which you will do the best on . Also read a detailed comparison between the two tests .

Christine graduated from Michigan State University with degrees in Environmental Biology and Geography and received her Master's from Duke University. In high school she scored in the 99th percentile on the SAT and was named a National Merit Finalist. She has taught English and biology in several countries.

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Ex-prosecutor slams Trump's 'weak sauce' argument for hush money judge's recusal

D onald Trump's bid to remove the judge from his criminal hush money case isn't going to go over well, a legal expert said on Wednesday.

Former federal prosecutor Joyce Vance weighed in on what she said is Trump's "second attempt at a motion to recuse the Judge... for essentially the same reasons as the first one."

"It’s in the form of a letter because the Judge now requires both parties to file a request for permission to file a motion before they actually file one due to Trump’s early disregard for deadlines. The practice is to send the letter and ask the court to adopt it as the motion if the Judge is going to grant permission. The Judge denied the first motion, and this one should meet a similar fate," she said. "The Judge’s daughter has a job. In that job, she works on behalf of Democratic campaigns. She has done work for notable Democrats, including Kamala Harris. To Trump supporters, including his lawyers, this translates as some variant of: the Judge’s daughter makes money because he’s keeping the case alive."

Want more breaking political news? Click for the latest headlines at Raw Story.

ALSO READ: A criminologist explains why Judge Cannon must step away from Trump trial immediately

Vance continues:

"Of course, Judge Merchan did what good judges do when a motion alleging they have a conflict is filed. When the first motion was filed, he sought an ethics opinion on whether he had a conflict of interest that required him to step aside. The ethics panel concluded he did not because the outcome of the case wouldn’t impact his daughter’s business."

The "best" Trump’s lawyers can argue, according to the Substack article, "is that the Judge’s daughter does business with some of his opponents.

"It’s pretty weak sauce, akin to arguing that if a judge’s kid does business with Airbus, the judge can’t sit on a case involving Boeing. That’s not the standard being used here—it’s whether decisions the Judge makes will impact his daughter’s financial prospects. Here, whether Trump wins or loses, the daughter continues to do her work on behalf of her Democratic clients. The fact that she’s in politics, so to speak, isn’t the defining standard.""

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