creative thinking essay grade 11

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• Psychology /

Thinking Class 11 Psychology Notes

• Updated on  
• Jun 21, 2021

A human mechanism that never stops. Thinking is a process that generates ideas and keeps our flow of thought. However, there are multiple ways and complexities when it comes to thinking. It is easy to understand and this interesting chapter of Thinking Class 11 Psychology Notes broadens our horizons of knowledge about the way we think about this world. The notes for Thinking Class 11 Psychology Notes are given below.

Also Read: Psychology Class 11 Chapter 1

Nature of Thinking

The first topic under Thinking Class 11 Psychology Notes is the nature of thinking. Thinking is a higher mental process that involves analysing and drawing meaning from the information which we receive from our environment.

• It is considered as the base of all the cognitive activities like Problem Solving, Decision Making, etc.
• It is an internal mental process that can be understood from our overt Behaviour
• It is goal-directed in nature

Building blocks of thought

People usually think by means of mental images or thoughts which are discussed below-

Mental Images

• It is defined as a mental representation of sensory experience
• We usually think about places, events, etc
• For example, using maps and locating different places there subsequently requires the use of mental images.

Images are of two types-

• Memory image includes those images that resemble the object or event being represented.
• Eidetic Image is usually a sharp and detailed visual representation of something that has been seen.
• Whenever we come across a novel object we try to understand what it actually is, what its features and characteristics are and we try to match it with features of the existing category, and if it is a perfect match we include that object in the category with whom it’s features match.
• A concept is defined as the mental representation of categories and refers to those ideas, objects which share common properties and features.

Concepts are of two types-

• Natural concepts have no set of properly defined features that are based on prototypes. 
• Logical Concepts are the ones that can be clearly defined by a set of rules or features. 

Why do we need to Form concepts?

We need to form concepts because of the reasons mentioned below:

•  It helps in Organizing our knowledge and that makes our knowledge accessible when we need it.
• Saves our time and effort.
• We form concepts to make our thought process quick and efficient.

Problem-solving

In the Thinking Class 11 Psychology Notes, Problem-solving is described as a way of thinking that is usually goal-directed and intended towards solving a particular problem.

Obstacles To Solving Problems

• A Mental set is defined as the tendency of a person to solve problems in an already tried and tested manner and that at times leads to rigidity which obstructs us in solving problems in a unique manner.
• Lack Of Motivation is also another reason why people fail to solve problems because even if a person has a sharp mind and intelligence but lacks motivation then that intelligence is of very little use.

The next important aspect during thinking for Thinking Class 11 Psychology Notes is reasoning. It is a process that involves inference and is used in logical thinking and problem solving and conclusions are drawn in reasoning on the basis of the information and facts available.

Decision Making

• Decision-Making is a kind of problem-solving in which we have several alternatives and after evaluating the cost and benefit associated with each alternative, the best alternative must be chosen.
• Judgment and Decision Making are interrelated processes. However, judgment is a process by which we form opinions, arrive at conclusions, and make critical evaluations about objects, events, and people on the basis of available information

Nature and process of Creative Thinking

Let’s go through the nature and process of creative thinking for Thinking Class 11 Psychology Notes. Creative thinking as the name suggests is mainly about solving problems in a novel and unique manner and coming up with something unique or out of the box.

• It includes both convergent and divergent thinking but more convergent thinking.
• Creativity can be applied in most fields and everyone has the potential to be creative.
• Convergent thinking has only one correct answer and it does not lead to the generation of new ideas.
• Divergent Thinking has many correct answers and leads to the generation of new and novel ideas.

Stages of Creative Thinking are discussed below:

Barriers to creative thinking

Barriers to Creative Thinking are discussed below-

• The tendency to be overpowered and influenced by pre-existing habits is a huge obstruction in the creative thinking process and coming up with out of the box ideas
• Motivational and emotional barriers show that creativity is more than just a cognitive process as other factors like fear of failure, lack of motivation hinder our creative thinking ability
• Cultural Barriers are related to excessive adherence to tradition, expectations, and Conformity. it arises due to the fear of being different, social pressure, mediocrity, etc.

Strategies to overcome creative thinking Barriers

Strategies that can be used to overcome barriers associated with creative thinking are elucidated below:

• Encourage self-evaluation.
• Be positive and confident in life.
• Develop independent thinking in making judgments.
• See multiple angles and perspectives of a particular problem.
• Resist the temptation of instant gratification.

Ways to enhance creative thinking

Let’s check out ways to improve thinking in Thinking Class 11 Psychology Notes. Some of the ways which can be used to enhance creative thinking are elucidated below:

• Osborn’s Brainstorming technique can be used to increase fluency and flexibility of ideas to open-ended situations which does help in increasing the fluency of ideas and piling up alternatives.
• Getting feedback on the solutions we devise from those who have less personal involvement in the task helps us to see the problem in an objective and unbiased manner.
• Developing Independent Thinking in taking decisions and making judgments increase our self-esteem.
• The use of imagination and visualization helps us increase our creative potential.
• Diagram thinking-sometimes ideas cluster like branches of a tree and this way we can organise our ideas in a systematic and organized manner.

Thought and Language

The next topic discussed for Thinking Class 11 Psychology Notes is Thinking and Language.

Language as a Determinant of Thought

• Benjamin Lee Whorf had this point of view that the language we use determines the content of our thought which is termed the Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis.
• The extent to which individuals can think is to a large extent determined by the language we use.

Thought as a Determinant of language

• Piaget believed that thought not only determines language, it precedes it
• Children form an internal representation of the world.
• Through thinking, language is just a vehicle for thought.
• A child’s observation and imitation of the other person’s behavior involves thinking but no language.

Different origins of language and thought

• Lev Vygotsky who is an esteemed Russian Psychologist was of the view that language and thought to develop separately in a child until about two years of age when they merge
• Before 2 years of age, thought is experienced more in action rather than verbal.
• Around 2 years of age child begins to express his/her thought verbally and in a rational way.

Development Of Language and Language Use

Language involves the use of symbols and symbols represent someone or something. It involves the use of rules and when we present two or more words together a proper and logical sequence is followed. Language is primarily used for communicating one’s thoughts, feelings, and ideas to others People who can’t use oral speech communicate through the use of signs which is a form of language

Development Of Language

Human Language is more complex, creative, and spontaneous as compared to the system of Communication which other animals use

Stages of Language Development are elaborated below:

• Newborn babies and young infants make a variety of sounds which gradually get modified to resemble words. The first sound produced by babies is crying which is similar across many situations and pitch intensity changes to signify different states such as hunger, pain, etc.
• At around 6 months of age, children enter the babbling phase which involves repetition of a variety of vowel and condiment words.
• By about 9 months of age, these sounds get elaborated to strings to some sound combinations such as (dadada) into repetitive patterns.
• Around 1st birthday most of the children enter the one-word stage and the first word usually contains one syllable(example ma,pa).
• Around 18-20 months of age children enter two words stage which exemplifies telegraphic speech and contains mostly mound and verbs
• Close to their 3rd Birthday which is 2.5 years, children’s language development gets focused on the rules of the language they hear. This is called Syntactic Development.

How language is Acquired?

• Some suggest that language acquisition is primarily biologically determined. This is typically a nativity position in the nature-nurture debate.
• Language development for Behaviourists like B.F.Skinner follows learning principles like association, imitation, and reinforcement that is in terms of operant conditioning
• Noam Chomsky suggested that children are born with a language acquisition device, LAD, which represents knowledge of universal grammar.

NCERT solutions Thinking class 11

Thinking is the base of all cognitive activities which involves analyzing and drawing meaning from the given information

The obstacles which people may encounter in problem-solving are Mental Set and Lack Of Motivation

Various barriers to Creative Thinking are personal, motivational, and Cultural Barriers.

 Hope you all found thinking class 11 Psychology notes useful and insightful for your last moment revision. Worried about the loss of studies during the lockdown? Don’t worry we at Leverage Edu keep coming up with insightful and accurate notes for school students. Stay tuned!

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Over 170 Prompts to Inspire Writing and Discussion

Here are all of our Student Opinion questions from the 2020-21 school year. Each question is based on a different New York Times article, interactive feature or video.

By The Learning Network

Each school day we publish a new Student Opinion question, and students use these writing prompts to reflect on their experiences and identities and respond to current events unfolding around them. To introduce each question, we provide an excerpt from a related New York Times article or Opinion piece as well as a free link to the original article.

During the 2020-21 school year, we asked 176 questions, and you can find them all below or here as a PDF . The questions are divided into two categories — those that provide opportunities for debate and persuasive writing, and those that lend themselves to creative, personal or reflective writing.

Teachers can use these prompts to help students practice narrative and persuasive writing, start classroom debates and even spark conversation between students around the world via our comments section. For more ideas on how to use our Student Opinion questions, we offer a short tutorial along with a nine-minute video on how one high school English teacher and her students use this feature .

Questions for Debate and Persuasive Writing

1. Should Athletes Speak Out On Social and Political Issues? 2. Should All Young People Learn How to Invest in the Stock Market? 3. What Are the Greatest Songs of All Time? 4. Should There Be More Gender Options on Identification Documents? 5. Should We End the Practice of Tipping? 6. Should There Be Separate Social Media Apps for Children? 7. Do Marriage Proposals Still Have a Place in Today’s Society? 8. How Do You Feel About Cancel Culture? 9. Should the United States Decriminalize the Possession of Drugs? 10. Does Reality TV Deserve Its Bad Rap? 11. Should the Death Penalty Be Abolished? 12. How Should Parents Support a Student Who Has Fallen Behind in School? 13. When Is It OK to Be a Snitch? 14. Should People Be Required to Show Proof of Vaccination? 15. How Much Have You and Your Community Changed Since George Floyd’s Death? 16. Can Empathy Be Taught? Should Schools Try to Help Us Feel One Another’s Pain? 17. 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How Should Racial Slurs in Literature Be Handled in the Classroom? 32. Should There Still Be Snow Days? 33. What Are Your Reactions to the Storming of the Capitol by a Pro-Trump Mob? 34. What Do You Think of the Decision by Tech Companies to Block President Trump? 35. If You Were a Member of Congress, Would You Vote to Impeach President Trump? 36. What Would You Do First if You Were the New President? 37. Who Do You Hope Will Win the 2020 Presidential Election? 38. Should Media Literacy Be a Required Course in School? 39. What Are Your Reactions to the Results of Election 2020? Where Do We Go From Here? 40. How Should We Remember the Problematic Actions of the Nation’s Founders? 41. As Coronavirus Cases Surge, How Should Leaders Decide What Stays Open and What Closes? 42. What Is Your Reaction to the Inauguration of Joe Biden and Kamala Harris? 43. How Worried Should We Be About Screen Time During the Pandemic? 44. 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Questions for Creative and Personal Writing

84. What Does Your Unique Style Say About You? 85. How Do You Spend Your Downtime? 86. Would You Want to Live to 200? 87. How Do You Connect to Your Heritage? 88. What Do You Think Are the Secrets to Happiness? 89. Are You a Sneakerhead? 90. What Role Have Mentors Played in Your Life? 91. If You Could Make Your Own Podcast, What Would It Be About? 92. Have You Ever Felt Pressure to ‘Sell Your Pain’? 93. Do You Think You Make Good Climate Choices? 94. What Does TikTok Mean to You? 95. Do Your Parents Overpraise You? 96. Do You Want to Travel in Space? 97. Do You Feel You’re Friends With Celebrities or Influencers You Follow Online? 98. Would You Eat Food Grown in a Lab? 99. What Makes You Cringe? 100. What Volunteer Work Would You Most Like to Do? 101. How Do You Respond When People Ask, ‘Where Are You From?’ 102. Has a School Assignment or Activity Ever Made You Uncomfortable? 103. How Does Your Identity Inform Your Political Beliefs and Values? 104. Are You an Orchid, a Tulip or a Dandelion? 105. Are You Having a Tough Time Maintaining Friendships These Days? 106. How Is Your Mental Health These Days? 107. Do You Love Writing or Receiving Letters? 108. What Has Television Taught You About Social Class? 109. Are You Easily Distracted? 110. What Objects Bring You Comfort? 111. What Is Your Favorite Memory of PBS? 112. Have You Ever Felt Embarrassed by Your Parents? 113. What Are You Doing to Combat Pandemic Fatigue? 114. Have You Ever Worried About Making a Good First Impression? 115. What Do You Want Your Parents to Know About What It’s Like to Be a Teenager During the Pandemic? 116. How Have You Collaborated From a Distance During the Pandemic? 117. How Important Is It to You to Have Similar Political Beliefs to Your Family and Friends? 118. How Are You Feeling About Winter This Year? 119. Which Celebrity Performer Would You Like to Challenge to a Friendly Battle? 120. How Mentally Tough Are You? 121. What Smells Trigger Powerful Memories for You? 122. What Are You Thankful for This Year? 123. Do You Miss Hugs? 124. Are You a Good Conversationalist? 125. What Habits Have You Started or Left Behind in 2020? 126. What Was the Best Art and Culture You Experienced in 2020? 127. What’s Your Relationship With Masks? 128. What Role Does Religion Play in Your Life? 129. How Will You Be Celebrating the Holidays This Year? 130. What Is Something Good That Happened in 2020? 131. What New Flavor Ideas Do You Have for Your Favorite Foods? 132. What Are Your Hopes and Concerns for the New School Year? 133. How Has 2020 Challenged or Changed You? 134. What Do You Hope for Most in 2021? 135. How Do You View Death? 136. What Is Your Favorite Fact You Learned in 2020? 137. What Are the Places in the World That You Love Most? 138. Have You Ever Experienced ‘Impostor Syndrome’? 139. How Well Do You Get Along With Your Siblings? 140. Do You Talk to Your Family About the Cost of College? 141. Do You Have a Healthy Diet? 142. How Do You Feel About Mask-Slipping? 143. Do You Believe in Manifesting? 144. How Do You Express Yourself Creatively? 145. What Are Your Family’s House Rules During the Covid Crisis? 146. What Online Communities Do You Participate In? 147. Have You Experienced Any Embarrassing Zoom Mishaps? 148. What Does Your Country’s National Anthem Mean to You? 149. Are Sports Just Not the Same Without Spectators in the Stands? 150. Would You Volunteer for a Covid-19 Vaccine Trial? 151. What ‘Old’ Technology Do You Think Is Cool? 152. Have You Ever Tried to Grow Something? 153. How Has the Pandemic Changed Your Relationship to Your Body? 154. How Do You Find New Books, Music, Movies or Television Shows? 155. Are You Nervous About Returning to Normal Life? 156. How Do You Celebrate Spring? 157. How Do You Talk With People Who Don’t Share Your Views? 158. Would You Want to Be a Teacher Someday? 159. What Would You Recommend That Is ‘Overlooked and Underappreciated’? 160. What Children’s Books Have Had the Biggest Impact on You? 161. What Is Your Gender Identity? 162. Have You Hit a Wall? 163. What Is the Code You Live By? 164. Do You Think You Have Experienced ‘Learning Loss’ During the Pandemic? 165. What Are the Most Memorable Things You’ve Seen or Experienced in Nature? 166. Do You Want to Have Children Someday? 167. What Have You Learned About Friendship This Year? 168. What Seemingly Mundane Feats Have You Accomplished? 169. Has a Celebrity Ever Convinced You to Do Something? 170. How Have You Commemorated Milestones During the Pandemic? 171. How Often Do You Read, Watch or Listen to Things Outside of Your Comfort Zone? 172. Do You Think You Live in a Political Bubble? 173. What Is Your Relationship With the Weight-Loss Industry? 174. What Have You Made This Year? 175. How Are You Right Now? 176. What Are You Grateful For?

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You can find even more Student Opinion questions in our 300 Questions and Images to Inspire Argument Writing , 550 Prompts for Narrative and Personal Writing and 130 New Prompts for Argumentative Writing . We also publish daily Picture Prompts , which are image-centered posts that provide space for many different kinds of writing. You can find all of our writing prompts, added as they publish, here .

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Creative Thinking, Essay Example

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It seems most people automatically think of the arts when “creative thinking” is the subject. I do that as well. Recently, however, I like to explore how completely open this concept is, because I am coming to realize that creative thinking can apply to virtually any single thing we engage in.

For example, I was struck by a strong example of creative thinking at the supermarket. It was not something exactly new, but I had never viewed it as the result of some seriously creative energy. It is a service we all have become familiar with; the scanning devices that allow you to ring up and pay for your own purchases without waiting in a checkout line.

On the face of it, I would guess that this is most often viewed as simply a business innovation, maybe a clever one, but nothing especially creative. I disagree. I think, in fact, that there must be many instances when truly creative thinking does not get credit as such because we quickly become used to what was not there before, and because, if it is not of an artistic nature, it cannot be really creative.

To me, what makes this ordinary service exceptional is that someone broke through paradigms of how supermarkets had always operated. It seems that having enough cashiers available must have always been an ongoing problem; how can any store know when, ten minutes after a lull, five loaded carts will be impatient at once? I think it is safe to say that, for decades, this problem was addressed through the expected channels, with managers continually urged to be as ready as possible. Nonetheless, the same limits were in place, because it is impossible to schedule enough workers when even predictable peak shopping hours contain spurts of unexpected business.

What makes me certain that creative thinking stepped in here is because, at some point, someone just said, “Why not let the customer check himself out? All we need are the same machines the cashiers use.” This may not have been brilliant thinking, but it was certainly radical and unexpected. It was creative openness of mind applied to a dull and ordinary problem, and it reveals how creative thinking is limited to nothing. Directed at anything, it can change anything.

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Essays Topics for Grade 12 and Grade 11 for 2021

Essays Topics for Grade 12 and Grade 11 for 2021: Writing an essay for grade 12 and grade 11 can be a challenging task for both teachers and students in terms of creating and crafting a high-quality essay,  and finally editing and grading them.

Different Essay Types for Grade 12 and Grade 11

Narrative essay.

Examples of Narrative Essays Topics:

• Your favorite vacation with your family
• A trip you will never forget
• A time you made friends in an unusual circumstance
• Your first day at a new school
• Talk about something that scared you a lot

Reflective Essays

Discursive Essays

Argumentative Essays

Expository Essays

Descriptive Essays

Ho to write an effective essay

common Essay Topics in South African Schools

• Verbal Punishment
• Death Penalty in South Africa

List of Descriptive Essays Topics for Grade 12 and Grade 11

• Imagine that your teacher wants to teach a new subject for the next few weeks. Your teacher will take suggestions, and then let the students vote on the new subject. What subject should your class choose? Write an essay to support your choice and to persuade the other students to vote for your choice.
• Are actors and professional athletes paid too much?
• Should teachers have to wear uniforms or have a dress code?
• Since the invention of nuclear weapons we have had a long period of GLOBAL peace and stability. Are nuclear weapons global peacemakers or killing devices?
• Should boys and girls be in separate classes?
• Is the death penalty effective?
• To what extent is the use of animals in scientific research acceptable?
• What age is appropriate for dating?
• Pretend you woke up one day and there were no rules. People could suddenly do whatever they wanted! Explain what the world would be like. Use your imagination!
• Should student’s textbooks be replaced by notebook computers?
• Should students be allowed to have cell phones in elementary and high schools?
• Should wealthy nations be required to share their wealth among poorer nations?
• Should money be spent on space exploration?
• Is fashion important?
• Are we too dependent on computers?
• If you had the opportunity to bring any person — past or present, fictional or nonfictional — to a place that is special to you (your hometown or country, a favorite location, etc.), who would you bring and why? Tell us what you would share with that person
• Most high level jobs are done by men. Should the government encourage a certain percentage of these jobs to be reserved for women?
• Should students be allowed to grade their teachers?
• In your opinion what factors contribute to a good movie?
• The destruction of the world’s forests is inevitable as our need for land and food grows. Do you agree?
• Many parents give their children certain chores or tasks to do at home. Should children have to do chores or tasks at home? Be sure to explain why you think it is a good idea or a bad idea. Include examples to support your reasons.
• Should the voting age be lowered to thirteen?
• Should the government place a tax on junk food and fatty snacks?
• Should more be done to protect and preserve endangered animals?

Requirements to pass Grade 12 | Matric

Hey,  Grade 12  Learner! Do you know what it takes to obtain your Grade 12 Certificate?  All matric students in South Africa are required to register to write at least 7 subjects and they may not fail more than one subject. Failing more than one subject means you have failed matric. Thus, in order to pass you need to meet the following requirements:

• Obtain at least 40% for your Home Language
• Pass two other subjects with 40%, an
• Get 30% for three other subjects

Career Times is here for you:  We have compiled all useful career resources for you to take your career to the higher levels, such as: Schools Directory , Career Options , Jobs , as well as study resources for other Grades ( Grade 11 , Grade 10 , and Grade 12 ) All the best!

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11th Grade Creative Writing Lesson Plans

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CAPS Business Studies 11

Caps bs 11 term 2 week 1 (2 hours) creative thinking and problem solving, topic – creative thinking and problem solving.

• Application of creative thinking to address business problems and to improve business practice (recap) • Creative thinking to address business problems and toimprove business practice –Problem-solving skills in a business context –Routine vs. creative thinking, mental blocks to creativityand idea generation –More complex problem-solving techniques (e.g. Delphi technique and force-field analysis revision) –Working with others to solve problems and generate ideas –Creative thinking skills and conventional vs. nonconventionalsolutions (include indigenous approach and solutions) • Creative solutions to business problems; assess these against the reality of the business environment

Grade 11 Business Studies Past Papers and Memos (South Africa)

This page contains Grade 11 Business Studies past exam papers and memos (South Africa). You can browse and download question papers and memos for your revisions (2019, 2018 May/June, October, November).

Table of Contents

Critical Topics for Term 1 Revision

• Influences on and control factors influencing business environments.
• Challenges in business environments
• Adapting to challenges in business environments
• Impact and challenges of contemporary socioeconomic issues on business operations
• Business sectors
• Benefits of a company versus other forms of ownership
• Avenues of acquiring a business

Critical Topics for Term 2 Revision

• Creative thinking and problem solving Stress, crisis and change management
• Transform a business plan into an action plan Starting a business venture based on an action plan Professionalism and ethics
• Presentation of Business Information

Critical Topics for Term 3 Revision

• Assessment of entrepreneurial qualities in business Citizenship roles and responsibilities
• Marketing activities, marketing in the formal and informal sectors Use of technology for marketing
• Imports and exports
• Foreign marketing
• The alignment of foreign marketing and the production function Production function
• Team Stages, dynamics theories and conflict management
• Introduction to the Human Resources function

Download Grade 11 Business Studies Past Papers and Memos

Business studies grade 11 2017 exams (english and afrikaans) question papers:.

• BUS STUDIES GR11 QP NOV2017_Afrikaans
• BUS STUDIES GR11 QP NOV2017_English
• BUS STUDIES GR11 MEMO NOV2017_Afrikaans
• BUS STUDIES GR11 MEMO NOV2017_English

Business Studies grade 11 2016  Exams (English and Afrikaans) question papers:

• Gr11-BSTD-N16-QP-Afr
• Gr11-BSTD-N16-QP-Eng
• Gr11-BSTD-N16-MEMO-Afr
• Gr11-BSTD-N16-MEMO-Eng

More Grade 11 Study Resources

• Grade 11 Computer Applications Technology Study Guides Available for Free Download
• Life Orientation Grade 11 Past Exam Papers and Study Guides
• Grade 11 Physical Sciences Study Guide Free Download
• Grade 11 Mathematics Study Guide Free Download
• Grade 11 Religious Education Study Guides Available for Free Download
• Grade 11 Computer Literacy Study Guides Available for Free Download
• Grade 11 Tourism Study Guides Available for Free Download
• Saturday school for grade 11 by Sci-Bono
• Grade 11 English Home Language Study Guide Free Download
• Grade 11 Business Studies Study Guides Available for Free Download. 

Download all Grade 11 Previous Question Papers

Hello Grade 11 Learners. Modern Classroom has everything for you needed to pass your exams, tests, assessments, research tasks and assignments under CAPS Curriculum . Feel free to explore all resources for grade 11, such as Study Guides, DBE Past Exam Papers with Memos , and Speech Topics. That’s if you want to know how to pass grade 11 with distinctions in South Africa

Why passing Grade 11 is very important

Grade 11 ultimately prepares you for Grade 12. You regard Grade 11 as your last trial run for your Matric year because most of the work covered in the syllabus will prepare you for Matric anyway. Passing your Grade 11 very well, is usually a sign that you may pass very well in Matric.

What can you do with your Grade 11 marks in South Africa?

• You can apply at a South African University using your Grade 11 marks
• You can already apply for university bursaries using your Grade 11 marks

Other Grade 11 Subjects

• Accounting Grade 11
• Economics Grade 11  
• Mathematics Grade 11  
• Technical Mathematics Grade 11
• Physical Science Grade 11
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• Seswati Home Language Grade 11  
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• Geography Grade 11  

Did You See These?

• Grade 11 Religious Education Study Guides Available for Free Download (South Africa)
• What is Hydrochloric acid (South Africa)
• Grade 11 Life Orientation Study Guide Free Download (South Africa)
• Agricultural Sciences Grade 11 Past Papers and Memos for 2019
• Consumer Studies Grade 11 Past Exam Papers and Memos for 2020
• Business Studies Grade 11 past exam papers and memos 2020
• Accounting Grade 11 Exam Papers and Memos for Revision (South Africa)
• Grade 11 Life Sciences (Biology) Study Guides Free Download (South Africa)

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T1 W5 Gr 12 Business Studies Lesson: Creative Thinking & Problem Solving

2021 FET Term 1 Week 5 Gr 12 Business Studies Lesson: Creative Thinking & Problem Solving

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Essay: Business notes: Creative problem solving

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1 Unit 1 – Creative problem solving 1.1 Introduction A business leader is expected to identify problems, implement solutions and find business opportunities. To do so, they must learn to plan, analyse situations, identify and solve problems (or potential problems), make decisions, and set realistic and attainable goals for the business/unit. These are the fundamental thinking/creative requirements for leadership, and these set direction to a successful future. Without this critical competence, you will have to rely on others to do your thinking for you, or you will simply have to learn to nurture your creative thinking skills which will help you on your journey towards successful business. Creative thinking forms part of this continuous problem solving process, and is the fundamental basis for facilitating in the development of solutions, new initiatives, products or services. In an entrepreneurial context, the end result of this process should be directly linked to a feasible opportunity in the market environment. Quote – What lies behind us and what lies before us, are tiny matters, compared to what lies within us. – William Morrow The creative problem solving process consists of the following four steps: ‘ Problem analysis ‘ Solution analysis ‘ Decision analysis ‘ Solution implementation 1.2 The process The creative problem solving process consists of an important core process, namely the idea generation process see figure 1. This is an important step, especially if you need to come up with creative ideas for products, services, and processes, to solve a consumer problem. The idea generation process consists of the following four steps: ‘ Step 1 – Generating ideas ‘ Step 2 – Developing ideas into a concept ‘ Step 3 – Converting a concept into a tangible or intangible product ‘ Step 4 – Finally protecting the tangible or intangible product Figure 1 – The process of creative thinking (idea generation) Initially you need to understand the problem and find the root cause of the problem. Many techniques are available to find the causes of problems, you can use the 5 Why technique in this case, if you are familiar with it. The more advanced courses will describe how to use the major problem identification techniques, but this course will focus on the idea generation process. 1.3 Where to start In the entrepreneurial phase, the best way to start the idea generation process is when you are required to come up with a new product or service, to identify a potential consumer problem. Initially, focus on identifying problems in the area of your expertise (your knowledge base). If you have no knowledge of the problem, the product development stage could be a challenge for you. You will learn in the next section that not all problems are opportunities, and entrepreneurs should be careful as to how they approach this stage, when generating ideas in trying to identify a new product or service. 1.4 Problem versus opportunity In most cases, the idea-generation phase in the creative problem solving process is neglected. Individuals normally identify a problem or an opportunity (which may seem like an opportunity, but is actually just an idea), and then develop a new product in line with the new assumed idea or opportunity. It is therefore important to distinguish between an idea and an opportunity. Resources may be wasted if a mere idea is incorrectly perceived as an opportunity. Any opportunity is initially problem based (e.g. a coffee shop in a destination where there is a lack thereof, this creates several problem situations and potentially feasible opportunities for the entrepreneur). The creative thinking (idea generation process) involved, is the means to solving these problems, and bring forth solutions to the market problems, which create further opportunities. 1.4.1 Difference between problem and opportunity There is, however, a critical difference between a problem and opportunity. Consider the following: ‘ Is it an idea or an opportunity to develop a high speed train between two major cities which are not far from each other? Some may say it is a great idea, but when you need to pay R200 a day to make use of it, it is simply not an opportunity. Only a few people would make use of the service, resulting in a negative impact on the market. ‘ If it is possible to transport people between the two cities for a lower cost, say R10, it would possibly be a more feasible opportunity. Here is a good example of an opportunity – Around the turn of the twentieth century, a shoe manufacturer sent a representative to Africa, to open up a market in the undeveloped area in that continent. After exploring the culture for a month, the rep sent a telegram to the home office shouting, ‘Disaster! Disaster! These people do not wear shoes. Bring me home immediately!’ A short time later, another shoe company sent their agent to Africa for the same purpose. A month later his home office also received a telegram: ‘Opportunity! Opportunity! These people do not wear shoes! Triple production immediately!’ Quote – Every situation contains the potential for disastrous problems or unprecedented success. The event is what we perceive it to be. Unknown Now the question arises: How do I distinguish between an idea and an opportunity? Looking at above examples, every problem is not an opportunity, and it really depends at how you are looking at the problem. If you see a viable opportunity in a problem then you are looking at the problem with a different perception than most people (the glass is half full or half empty). From a business perspective all opportunities are not necessarily a viable opportunity, the market determines the available opportunities. Without the knowledge to interpret the market conditions, you could miss it totally in terms of your opportunity analysis. Table 1 shows the different industries in South Africa, the level of entrepreneurial activity, and how the same opportunity differs in each of these market areas. 1.4.2 The global entrepreneurship monitor The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor ‘ specifically identified the entrepreneurial activity in the various industries of South Africa. It can be generalized to state that an industry with a high level of entrepreneurial activity, gives away more business opportunities (e.g. manufacturing, retail, hotel, restaurant and business services), while one with a lower level will indicate far less opportunities (e.g. agriculture, forestry, hunting, fishing, finance, insurance, real estate and health, education and social services). If we analyse just one ‘high-opportunity’ industry, for instance manufacturing, it may be an opportunity today to manufacture a final product, and export it to an international market. A ‘low-opportunity’ industry, for instance insurance (especially in the market entry phase), may be negative as having an extremely high crime rate and insurance companies have to pay out claims at an alarming rate. It is also evident that low-opportunity industries may create feasible opportunities. An entrepreneur should therefore be wary of following a fad, (latest trend) and exploiting assumed opportunities in a ‘popular’ industry. Percentage of Entrepreneurs ISIC Category Start-ups New Firms Total Agriculture, forestry, hunting, fishing 1,3 2,6 1,6 Mining, construction 9,7 5,0 4,1 Manufacturing 14,3 19,1 13,8 Transport, communications, utilities 9,8 0,7 8,0 Wholesale, motor vehicle sales, repairs 6,0 6,5 6,3 Retail, hotel, restaurant 40,8 47,7 43,5 Finance, insurance, real estate 0,3 5,2 1,4 Business services 10,1 7,9 9,4 Health, education, social services 2,6 0,7 2,3 Consumer services 11,0 3,5 9,7 Source: Driver. Wood, Segal & Herrington, 2001 Table 1 – The percentage of entrepreneurs in the different industries in South-Africa 1.4.3 What is an opportunity? What exactly is an opportunity and how does an entrepreneur exploit a feasible opportunity? According to Hesrich & Peters (2002), an opportunity is the process whereby the entrepreneur assesses whether a certain product, service or process, will yield the necessary earnings based on the resource inputs that are required to manufacture and market it. ‘ The nature of opportunities needs to be assessed – thus, what leads to the existence of an opportunity? The following factors may result in an opportunity: ‘ General and specific problems faced by consumers ‘ Market shifts ‘ Government regulations ‘ Competition There are two equally important criteria in the assessment of an opportunity. Firstly, the size of the market – will the number of customers reward the input and energy required, to create and deliver the product? Secondly, the length in terms of the frame of the opportunity (window of opportunity). For example, is the demand for this product only a short fashionable phenomenon or is it based on sustainable business, or how long will it take before someone else (a competitor), to grab the opportunity? These two aspects should also link directly to the personal skills and competence of the entrepreneur. For example, entrepreneurs with no skills or interest in information technology will not necessarily achieve their personal goals. They should rather venture into an opportunity which suits their experience and personality. 1.4.4 Transform opportunity into a business Table 2 shows how the development of a business plan links to the identification and evaluation of opportunities, the determination of the resources required and the eventual management of the enterprise. All of these factors play a significant role in the correct assessment of the business opportunity. This means that the business plan must explain in sufficient detail how the business will exploit the situation, to transform the opportunity, into solving a problem for the consumer, which generates extraordinary profits for the people involved. ‘ Identify and evaluate the opportunity Develop the business plan Determine the resources needed Manage the enterprise Creation and length of opportunity Real and perceived value of opportunity Risk and returns of opportunity Opportunity versus skills and goals Competitive situation Title page Table of contents Executive summary Description of business Description of industry Marketing plan Financial plan Production plan Organisational plan Operational plan Summary Appendices Existing resources of the entrepreneur Resource gap and available supplies Access to needed resources Management style Key variables for success Identification of problems and potential problems Implementation of control systems Source: Hisrich, R.D. & Peters, M.P. 2002: 40. Entrepreneurship. Boston: Irwin/McGraw-Hill. Table 2 – Link between Opportunity and business plan 1.5 Instruction Exit and resume to your current page.

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