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UPSC Essay Topics - Important Essay Topics for UPSC Mains 2023

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Understanding UPSC Essay Topics holds significant importance as it evaluates the candidate's ability to analyse, present arguments, and communicate effectively. In this article, we will explore the diverse range of UPSC essay topics, their significance, and essential tips to excel in this section. Get ready to enhance your writing and analytical skills and make a strong impression on the evaluators with well-crafted essays.

UPSC Essay Paper

The Essay paper in the UPSC Mains examination requires candidates to write multiple essays , each on a different topic, chosen from a given list of options. The essay topics for UPSC cover a wide range of issues, including social, economic, political, cultural, and philosophical aspects, both national and international.

The essay paper holds significant weightage in the UPSC Mains examination, contributing 250 marks out of the total 1750 marks . Scoring well in this section can have a considerable impact on the overall ranking and selection for the coveted civil services.

Weekly UPSC Essay Topics By Vajiram & Ravi

The UPSC Essay Paper is an opportunity for candidates to demonstrate their proficiency in expressing ideas and analysing complex issues. Vajiram & Ravi Pensive-Weekly Essay Writing Programme provides you with two Essay Topics every Saturday based on the previous year's question papers and the changing trends analysis. You can submit your Essay for peer evaluation on vajiramandravi.com. This will help you nourish your writing skills, give you clarity of thought, and build the capacity to express opinions in a logical and coherent manner.

Important Essay Topics for UPSC 2023

The purpose of the essay paper is to assess the candidate's ability to critically analyse a topic, present well-structured arguments, and communicate their ideas effectively. It also evaluates their knowledge of various issues, their clarity of thought, and their capacity to express opinions in a logical and coherent manner.

Some of the Important Essay Topics to prepare for the UPSC Mains Examination 2023 are:

• Gender Equality
• Environment/Urbanization
• Economic Growth
• Federalism/Decentralization
• Agriculture
• Economics 

UPSC Essay Topics on Philosophy

Every year, UPSC typically provides you with two or more essay topics centred around philosophical thoughts, Indian philosophical schools, or quotes from notable personalities. To effectively address these philosophical topics, you should refer to Philosophy Books to gain a foundational understanding. Here is a list of UPSC Essay Topics on Philosophy :

• Everything comes to him, who hustles while he waits.
• We are always blind as we want to be.
• You cannot step twice in the same river.
• A disciplined mind brings happiness.
• The price of Greatness is Responsibility.
• People would rather Believe than Know.
• Mind - A beautiful Servant? Or a dangerous Master?

UPSC Essay Topics on Art and Culture

The UPSC Essay Topics related to Indian society, art, and culture cover a wide range of subjects, offering great diversity. To gain knowledge about the static content on these topics, you should rely on fundamental books on society, as recommended for the exam. Here is a list of UPSC Essay Topics on Indian Art and Culture :

• Culture changes with economic development.
• Culture is what we are, Civilization is what we have.
• Social reform is a myth if places of worship are open only to all castes and not to all genders.
• Impact of Globalization on Indian Art and Culture.
• Caste System - India’s Enduring Curse.
• Godmen - A Threat to Indian Art and Culture?

UPSC Essay Topics on Science and Technology

UPSC essay topics on Science and Technology can largely be addressed through current affairs. You may also benefit from consulting a Science and Technology Book for UPSC to compose a comprehensive and well-rounded essay. Here are some UPSC Essay Topics on Science and Technology:

• Deglobalisation is good for the world.
• Science is organised Knowledge. Wisdom is Organised life.
• Technology is a Weapon against Poverty.
• Prioritising Education Technology for Global Growth.
• Technology is the silent factor in International Relations.
• Scientific and Technological Progress cannot be equated with Human Progress.

UPSC Essay Topics on Education

Education stands as one of the preferred UPSC Essay Topics, with an essay related to this subject often appearing in the paper each year. To tackle this topic effectively, you should stay abreast of Current Affairs , incorporating significant changes and advancements in the field. Let's explore some of the Essay topics for UPSC centred around education:

• Self Education is a lifelong curiosity.
• Education Breeds Peace.
• Education is a progressive discovery of our own ignorance.
• Education must also train one for quick, resolute and effective thinking.
• Schooling is not Education.

UPSC Essay Topics on Polity and Governance

To comprehensively address Polity and Governance topics, you should acquire fundamental knowledge from Polity Books for UPSC and Current Affairs. These resources offer static information about relevant issues and their historical context, which proves valuable while writing UPSC Essay Topics on Polity. Here are some Essay Topics on Polity and Governance:

• The Role of Politics in Development.
• Should Youth in India Consider Politics as a Career?
• Art, Freedom and Creativity will change society faster than politics.
• The politics of Identity is the Politics of the Weak.
• People should not be afraid of their Government. The Government should be afraid of its people.
• Government Surveillance - Good or Bad?

UPSC Essay Topics on Economy

Essays concerning economic growth are frequently included in the Essay Paper. To tackle these topics effectively, you should refer to Economy Notes for UPSC to gain a comprehensive understanding. Once the fundamentals are grasped, you can enhance their essays by incorporating examples, data, and statistics to create a multidimensional perspective. Here is a list of UPSC Essay Topics on Economy:

• We don't have to sacrifice a Strong Economy for a Healthy Environment.
• India, a $5 trillion Economy - Dream or Reality?
• Digital Economy: A leveller or a source of Economic Inequality?
• Innovation is the key determinant of social welfare and economic growth.
• Labour Reforms in India and its Role in Economic Growth.

UPSC Essay Topics on Social Issues

Social issues are a significant aspect of the UPSC essay paper, reflecting the candidates' understanding of societal challenges and their ability to propose viable solutions. These essays provide a platform for candidates to analyse, critique, and suggest measures for pressing social concerns. Topics related to social issues in the UPSC Essay paper may include:

• Inclusivity and Plurality are the hallmarks of a Peaceful Society.
• A Gender-sensitive Indian Society is a prerequisite for Women and Child Empowerment.
• The weaker sections of Indian Society - are their Rights and Access to Justice getting Better?

Previous Year UPSC Essay Topics

Practising previous year's essay topics will help you become familiar with the UPSC exam pattern , word limit, and the types of essay questions frequently asked in the Mains Examination. Analysing past essay topics will also allow you to identify recurring themes and trends, enabling you to prioritise their preparation accordingly. Regular practice with past essay topics will instil confidence in you, helping you feel more comfortable and prepared for the actual exam.

• Forests are the best case studies for economic excellence.
• Poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the world.
• History is a series of victories won by the scientific man over the romantic man.
• A ship in the harbour is safe, but that is not what a ship is for.
• The time to repair the roof is when the sun is shining.
• A smile is the chosen vehicle for all ambiguities.
• Just because you have a choice, it does not mean that any of them has to be right.

Tips to Excel in UPSC Essay Paper

• Understand the Topics: Thoroughly comprehend the essay topics, including the keywords and instructions. Choose a topic that aligns with your strengths and interests.
• Plan and Structure: Devote some time to plan your essay. Create an outline and organise your thoughts in a structured manner, with a clear introduction, body, and conclusion.
• Be Objective: Present balanced arguments and avoid a biased or one-sided approach. Consider multiple perspectives and present a holistic view.
• Provide Examples and Evidence: Support your arguments with relevant examples, data, quotes and evidence to strengthen your essay.
• Maintain Clarity: Write in a clear and concise manner. Use simple language and avoid jargon or overly complex vocabulary.
• Practice Regularly: Regular practice is essential to improve Essay writing skills. Write essays on diverse topics to enhance your versatility.
• Time Management: Allocate appropriate time for planning, writing, and revising each essay to manage time effectively during the examination.
• Revise and Edit: Review your essays for coherence, grammar, and structure. Make necessary edits to refine your work.

FAQs on UPSC Essay Topics

What are the important UPSC Essay Topics?

Here is a list of UPSC Essay Topics asked in Mains Examination previously:

• Culture is what we are, civilization is what we have.
• Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication.
• What is research but a blind date with knowledge?
• Best for an individual is not necessarily best for society.
• Wisdom finds truth.
• Ships don’t sink because of water around them, ships sink because of water that gets into them.
• Patriarchy is the least noticed yet the most significant structure of social inequality.
• Technology as the silent factor in international relations.

How do I Prepare for the UPSC Essay?

To prepare for the UPSC essay, focus on understanding the essay syllabus and past topics to identify recurring themes. Regularly practise writing essays on various topics to improve your writing skills and time management. Structure your essays with a clear introduction, main body, and conclusion.

Which is the best source to practise UPSC Essay Topics?

The best sources to prepare Essay for UPSC include official UPSC materials, newspapers, and magazines like The Hindu, Yojana , and Kurukshetra for current affairs, standard books on diverse subjects, government reports and publications, online platforms like PIB and PRS India, UPSC previous year papers for understanding the exam pattern, and regular practice of essay writing on various topics.

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How to Write an Essay for UPSC

Check the best approach to be followed in essay writing for civil services examination 2023 along with the highly recommended books on this page .

The UPSC Mains exam comprises a total of nine papers which includes essay writing for civil services examination as well. In broader terms, the essay paper in UPSC mains is divided into two sections i.e. section A & section B.

Each section also comprises four UPSC essay topics with a maximum mark of 125 each. Out of these, candidates need to choose one topic from each of the sections and write two UPSC essay papers in about 1000-1200 words each.

Thus, it is important for the aspirants to use the best strategy and practice essay writing for civil services examination thoroughly to maximize their score in the UPSC essay test .

In this blog, we have shared the useful steps to write the essay for the IAS exam including the books, past year IAS essay test topics, and everything that an aspirant must know about UPSC essay writing .

UPSC Essay Writing for Civil Services Examination 2023- Highlights

Some of the major highlights of the essay writing for the civil services exam 2023 are shared below:

• Number of UPSC essay topics : 2
• Maximum Marks: 250 marks (125 each).
• Exam Duration: 3 hours
• Word Limit: 1000-1200 words each

6 Easy Steps on Essay Writing for Civil Services Examination

IAS aspirants should formulate a strategy that aligns with the exam requirements in order to excel in the UPSC essay papers . Hence, we have shared the top six easy steps to be followed in the UPSC essay writing in order to excel in the upcoming IAS CSE 2023 exam .

Pick the UPSC Essay Topic Carefully

The first and foremost strategy of every aspirant is that they should finalize the topic only after reading all the topics carefully. This will also help them to collect sufficient points to write about the UPSC essay topics .

One should go through all the topics carefully in order to avoid switching topics in between as it would lead to a waste of time and unnecessary stress. Hence, it is advisable to read the topics 2-3 times and think about the IAS essay topics carefully.

Recall Important Points

After finalizing the topic, do not rush to write the essay immediately and think about the same for at least 30 minutes. Anyone who commences writing immediately without thinking twice may forget important pointers to be included in the UPSC essay papers .

Hence, it is advised to utilize the first 20-30 minutes to think carefully about the topic, correlate the topic with current events, talk about historical/past events, and jot down all the important points in the sheet.

Moreover, they must also arrange all the points in the proper sequence in order to excel in essay writing for civil services examination .

Formatting of the Essay

The next strategy of the aspirant is that they should follow a proper format in the UPSC essay writing papers. Once they have recalled and noted all the important pointers, the next step is to format it well as elaborated below:

• Introduction
• Background of Topic
• Main Theory
• Correlation with the latest event
• Positive and Negative Sides
• Recommend Changes

Use the Quotes Correctly

To excel in essay writing for civil services examination, candidates must jot down inspiring sentences, and quotations whenever they come across them.

However, it is advised to learn the quotes correctly with the name of the individual who has quoted them. Also, if they are unsure about the quote then they must skip it instead of writing the incorrect one.

Focus on the UPSC Essay Topics

Candidate should be clear with theessay topics for effective essay writing for civil services examination. This approach will allow them to stick around the topic and write relevant content in the essay UPSC test.

With this, they should ensure that they do not criticize any individual or government or mention anything in an offensive way in their UPSC essay writing which is not recommended.

Read More and More

Essay writing for civil services examination requires regular reading of a variety of topics and reference books recommended by mentors/friends/previous toppers.

Thus, the candidates must read the editorial section of the newspaper, and current affairs magazines every day. Moreover, they should watch discussions/debates, and solve previous question papers UPSC essay topics regularly.

Reading books and newspapers will enhance their vocabulary skills, and provide them with all the latest updates and a variety of ideas for using appropriate language in their IAS essay writing.

Best Books and Resources for UPSC Essay Writing

Along with the best preparation strategy, aspirants should also pick expert-recommended books to cover all types of essay topics for the exam. Here, we have compiled the best books and resources that would be helpful in practicing essay writing for civil services examination :

• Monthly Current Affairs Magazines by OnlyIAS
• Only IAS Kurukshetra Magazine
• Only IAS Yogana Magazine
• Only IAS Praarambh Post-Independence India
• Only IAS Praarmabh Indian Society
• The Hindu (editorial articles)

Previous Year Essay Topics for Civil Services Examination

Candidates should check the previous year’s essay topics for the UPSC exam to understand the UPSC IAS syllabus 2023 in a better manner. Hence, it is advisable to practice essay writing on the past year’s topics to determine the level of their preparation.

Thus, we have shared below the last five years’ IAS essay topics to smoothen the preparation of the aspirants.

Frequency Asked Questions (FAQ) 

Q1. How can I write a good essay for UPSC?

Ans. To write a good essay for UPSC, candidates must read the editorial section of the newspaper, and current affairs magazines on a daily basis. With this, they should watch discussions/debates, and solve previous question papers UPSC essay topics regularly.

Q2. What kind of essays are asked in UPSC?

Ans. Going by the trend analysis, most of the UPSC essay topics are related to Indian Democracy and Bureaucracy, Administration, Poverty, Economic Growth, Politics, Judiciary, Education, Indian Culture, Science & Tech, etc.

Q3. How to write introduction for UPSC essay?

Ans. You can start writing the introduction for the IAS essay with a powerful quote and then elaborate on the quote in the rest of the introduction by explaining its relation to the topic.

Q4. Who got highest marks in UPSC essay?

Ans. In 2014, Ira Singhal scored 160 marks on the UPSC essay papers.

Q5. Which is the toughest optional subject in UPSC?

Ans. Geography is considered one of the toughest optional subjects in the UPSC civil services examination.

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Essay – Civil Services Books – Mains Exam

Last updated on March 15, 2023 by Alex Andrews George

UPSC Civil Service Mains Paper 1 (popularly known as essay paper) is now of 250 marks.

Candidates may be required to write essays on multiple topics (two topics as of now). They will be expected to keep close to the subject of the essay to arrange their ideas in an orderly fashion and to write concisely.

Credit will be given for effective and exact expression.

Table of Contents

Recommended Books for Essay Paper – Civil Services Books – Mains Exam

• Essays for Civil Services and Other Competitive Examinations by Pulkit Khare .
• Selected Contemporary Essays by Saumitra Mohan (MHE)
• Essay Paper for Civil Services Main Examination by Pavneet Singh and Sonali Bansal
• A Book of Essays by Kalpana Rajaram
• 151 ESSAYS For UPSC Mains Various State Public Service Commissions and Other competitive Examinations
• English-Hindi-Essay Compulsory- UPSC Mains Examination
• ESSAYS(101 Current) for Competitive Exams

How to write a good essay

Here are some tips for writing a good essay:

• Read and understand the essay topic: Ensure that you understand the topic and what is expected of you in the essay.
• Plan and structure: Plan the flow of your essay and create an outline to ensure that your essay has a clear structure.
• Write in a clear and concise manner: Make sure your writing is easy to understand and avoids unnecessary technical terms or jargon.
• Use examples and evidence: Use real-life examples and supporting evidence to reinforce your arguments.
• Address counter-arguments: Consider and address any counter-arguments to strengthen your essay.
• Conclusion: Sum up your key arguments and present a clear conclusion.
• Edit and proofread: Revise your essay several times to ensure that it is error-free and presents your ideas effectively.

Remember to write in a way that is analytical, evaluative and comprehensive. Also, ensure that you stick to the word limit and allocate enough time for each essay.

To get a detailed idea on how to write a good essay, click here

Learn more from: ClearIAS Study Materials

Aim IAS, IPS, or IFS?

About Alex Andrews George

Alex Andrews George is a mentor, author, and social entrepreneur. Alex is the founder of ClearIAS and one of the expert Civil Service Exam Trainers in India.

He is the author of many best-seller books like 'Important Judgments that transformed India' and 'Important Acts that transformed India'.

A trusted mentor and pioneer in online training , Alex's guidance, strategies, study-materials, and mock-exams have helped many aspirants to become IAS, IPS, and IFS officers.

Reader Interactions

August 8, 2016 at 6:57 am

June 18, 2017 at 11:08 am

I am preparing for 2018. Kindly share essay content .

June 14, 2021 at 2:45 pm

Clear hua kya aapka ?.?

April 17, 2018 at 11:28 am

Should I buy all the books or any one is OK. Please reply……

April 17, 2018 at 2:23 pm

Start with 1 book.

March 9, 2019 at 12:07 pm

plz send essay content

August 25, 2019 at 2:23 pm

Sir , what are the books to read so that i can have a good content for mains examination? I have certain books which are universal for UPSC CS .. For mains i am confused same are enough or not ..if not from where will i get the content ..

November 28, 2019 at 2:28 am

Hello I want to buy kirans upsc English essay solved till date how can I buy

December 22, 2019 at 6:27 am

Sir mughe IAS mains ke liye pahle kon si book Leni chahiye

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CDS Syllabus 2024: PDF Download for CDS 1 and 2 Subject Wise Topics, Check Exam Pattern

Cds syllabus 2024: the union public service commission cds exam includes subjects like general knowledge, english and elementary mathematics. the examination is conducted to recruit eligible candidates for ma, ina, afa and ota. check out the exam pattern here and d ownload the syllabus pdf for cds 1 and 2..

UPSC CDS Syllabus 2024: The Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) has released the Combined Defence Service (CDS) 1 syllabus 2024 on the official website. All interested and eligible aspirants must be well-acquainted with the latest syllabus and exam pattern before commencing their preparation. The CDS syllabus is divided into various subjects, i.e., English, General Knowledge, and Elementary Mathematics.

Apart from knowing the exam syllabus, candidates should also check the CDS exam pattern to understand the exam requirements in a detailed manner. The UPSC CDS syllabus acts as a roadmap for preparation. So, aspirants are advised to decide their study schedule based on the latest syllabus and requirements.

UPSC CDS Syllabus 2024

Upsc cds syllabus 2024 overview, upsc cds syllabus pdf, upsc cds syllabus 2024 for english.

• Comprehension passages
• Fill in the blanks
• Error spotting
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• Grammar and usage
• Sentence improvement
• Jumbled sentences
• Idioms and phrases
• Direct and indirect speech
• Active and passive voices
• Parts of speech
• Rearrangement of sentences

UPSC CDS Syllabus 2024 for General Knowledge

• Awards and honours
• Books and authors
• Major developments in the fields of politics
• Social issues.
• Ancient, mediaeval, and modern Indian history
• Indian national movement
• Growth of nationalism.
• Physical geography, Indian geography, and world geography.
• Indian Polity and Governance
• Economic and Social Development
• Science and Technology
• Environmental Ecology and Biodiversity
• Defence and Security Issues

UPSC CDS Syllabus 2024 for Elementary Mathematics

Upsc cds syllabus 2024 for intelligence and personality test.

• Stage I comprises officer intelligence rating (OIR) tests and picture perception description tests (PP&DT). The candidates will be shortlisted based on a combination of performance in the OIR Test and PP&DT.
• Stage II comprises interviews, group testing officer tasks, psychology tests, and the conference. These tests will last for four days. The details of these tests are given on the website, www.joinindianarmy.nic.in.

Weightage of UPSC CDS Syllabus 2024

How to cover upsc cds syllabus 2024.

• Familiarity with the UPSC CDS syllabus 2024 will help them know about the topics that can be asked in the exam. 
• Choose the best books and online resources to gain conceptual clarity on all the topics important from the exam perspective.
• Attempt mock tests and UPSC CDS previous year's question papers to check their preparation level.
• Revise all the topics, formulas, and short-cut techniques frequently to improve their calculator speed and accuracy.

Best Books for UPSC CDS Syllabus 2024

• Objective General English by SP Bakshi
• General Awareness by Manohar Panday (Arihant Publications)
• Quantitative Aptitude for Competitive Examinations by R.S. Aggarwal

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• What is the UPSC CDS Syllabus 2024? + The CDS syllabus 2024 is divided into various subjects, i.e. English, General Knowledge, and Elementary Mathematics.
• Is there any negative marking in the UPSC CDS 2024 Exam? + Yes. A negative marking of 1/3rd mark will be applicable for each incorrect answer in the UPSC CDS exam.
• What is the UPSC CDS exam pattern? + As per the UPSC CDS exam pattern, the written exam comprises objective-type questions for 300 marks for the Indian Military Academy, Indian Naval Academy, and Air Force Academy and 200 marks for the Officers’ Training Academy. The exam duration will be 2 hours for each subject.
• How to prepare for the UPSC CDS Syllabus 2024? + To excel in the UPSC CDS exam, one should adhere to the UPSC CDS syllabus, clear basic concepts and practice unlimited mock tests to obtain favourable results in the exam.
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Wondering About the Change in the UPSC Exam Centre 2024? Here's What You Need to Know

img src="https://img.jagranjosh.com/images/2024/April/342024/Change-in-UPSC-Exam-Centre-2024.jpg" width="1200" height="675" />

UPSC Civil Services 2024: UPSC conducts one of the most prestigious examinations in India for which the preliminary exam is scheduled to be conducted on June 16, 2024. The UPSC has stopped accepting online applications from candidates. While filling out the applications, candidates were asked to select their examination centres, and UPSC does not allow changes in the exam centre.

As per the media reports, there are circumstances where candidates may need to change their exam centre location, and here's what you need to know about the process.

What is the Procedure to Change Exam Centre under Normal Circumstances?

The UPSC does not allow any changes in the exam centre once the application form is submitted. This means that candidates will not be able to change their exam centre once they have selected it and submitted it. This policy was put in place to guarantee the examination's efficiency and impartiality.

Guidelines under Special Circumstances

In special circumstances, such as natural disasters or political upheaval, the UPSC may entertain requests regarding changes in exam centres. Last year, during the Manipur instance, many candidates were allowed to change their exam centres after filing petitions with the High Court.

Who is allowed to change the exam centre for the 2024 examination?

Manipuri candidates who submitted an application for the UPSC exam in 2024 are allowed to change their exam centre and can select a place from a list provided. These places are Jorhat and Dispur in Assam, Delhi, Kolkata in West Bengal, Kohima in Nagaland, Aizawl in Mizoram, and Shillong in Meghalaya. Other than this, detailed information also states that the state government will pay for all travel-related costs for the candidate. Therefore, those who would like to modify the location of their examination for this year's civil services examination may do so by writing an email to the UPSC between April 8 and April 19.

What to do while applying for Exam Centre Change?

The candidate who belong to Manipur are allowed to change the examination centres. Below are the steps listed for the ease of candidates.

Write an Email: Draft an email to the UPSC explaining your request to change your exam centre. Make sure to include your full name, registration number, and the reason for the requested change.

Email Content: In the email, clearly state that you are a Manipuri candidate and wish to change your exam centre due to the current situation. Mention the preferred exam centre from the list provided by the UPSC (Jorhat, Dispur, Delhi, Kolkata, Kohima, Aizawl, or Shillong).

Await Confirmation: After sending the email, await confirmation from the UPSC regarding your request. They will respond with further instructions or confirmation of the change.

UPSC CSE Prelims Exam Pattern

The first stage of the recruitment process is the prelims exam where the marks scored in the GS paper will be used to select the candidates for the mains examination and the CSAT exam will be qualifying in nature, where the candidates need to score 33% marks. Check the table below for UPSC prelims exam pattern

UPSC CSE Mains Exam Pattern

The second stage of the recruitment process is the mains examination. The exam will be conducted over 5 days and consist of 9 papers, of which 2 will be qualifying in nature and the marks scored in the remaining seven papers will be used to prepare the final merit list. The time allowed to attempt each paper is 3 hours. Check the table below for UPSC Mains exam pattern

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‘Too many kids wasting time’: Sanjeev Sanyal on UPSC exam craze

Economist sanjeev sanyal said pursuing upsc exams should be a choice made only by those genuinely interested in becoming administrators..

Listen to Story

• Economist Sanjeev Sanyal criticises focus on UPSC exams among youth
• Sanyal highlights 'poverty of aspiration' in India
• Suggests civil services often seen as default career option

Economist Sanjeev Sanyal, a member of the Prime Minister’s Economic Advisory Council, expressed concerns about the extensive focus on UPSC (Union Public Service Commission) exams among young Indians.

He believes that while these exams are crucial for selecting civil servants, many young Indians invest significant time and effort into them without considering alternative paths.

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[Mission 2024] STATIC QUIZ, 4 April 2024 – Environment

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We will post 5 questions daily on static topics mentioned in the UPSC civil services preliminary examination syllabus. Each week will focus on a specific topic from the syllabus, such as History of India and Indian National Movement, Indian and World Geography, and more.

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1 . Question

Consider the following statements.

• The World Environment Day, led by International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has been held annually on June 5.
• The date for World Environment Day was chosen during the 1972 Stockholm Conference on the Human Environment.
• Stockholm Conference on the Human Environment is considered to be the first world conference to make the environment a major issue.

How many of the above statements are correct?

• (a) Only one
• (b) Only two
• (c) All three

Solution: b)

Statement 1 is incorrect.

The World Environment Day, led by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), has been held annually on June 5, since 1973. The date was chosen by the UN General Assembly during the historic 1972 Stockholm Conference on the Human Environment – considered to be the first world conference to make the environment a major issue.

2 . Question

Consider the following pairs.

• National Mission for a Green India: It aims to increase forest cover on degraded lands and protect existing forested lands.
• Green Credit Programme: The objective is to incentivize environmentally sustainable and responsive actions by companies, individuals and local bodies.
• MISHTI Scheme: Reducing inputs of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides for sustaining agriculture.

How many of the above statements is/are incorrect?

• a) Only one
• b) Only two
• c) All three

Solution: a)

Statement 3 is incorrect.

The National Mission for a Green India aims to increase forest cover on degraded lands and protect existing forested lands.

The Green Credit Programme has the objective to “incentivize environmentally sustainable and responsive actions by companies, individuals and local bodies”.

The Mangrove Initiative for Shoreline Habitats & Tangible Incomes (MISHTI) is particularly significant because of the extraordinary importance of mangroves and coastal ecosystems in mitigating climate change.

The Prime Minister Programme for Restoration, Awareness, Nourishment, and Amelioration of Mother Earth (PM-PRANAM) for reducing inputs of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides is critical for sustaining our agriculture.

Finally, the Amrit Dharohar scheme directly mentions our biological wealth and is expected to “encourage optimal use of wetlands, and enhance biodiversity, carbon stock, eco-tourism opportunities and income generation for local communities”.

3 . Question

• The Tamil Nadu government launched Nilgiri Tahr conservation project, an initiative for the conservation of the Nilgiri Tahr.
• Nilgiri Tahr is an endangered species, endemic to western ghats.
• There are multiple references to the Nilgiri Tahr in Tamil Sangam literature.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

Solution: c)

Tamil Nadu government launched Nilgiri Tahr conservation project, an initiative for the conservation of the Nilgiri Tahr, the State animal.

Under the Nilgiri Tahr project, the government plans to develop a better understanding of the Nilgiri Tahr population through surveys and radio telemetry studies; reintroduce the Tahrs to their historical habitat; address proximate threats; and increase public awareness of the species. The project is to be implemented from 2022 to 2027.

According to the order, there are multiple references to the Nilgiri Tahr in Tamil Sangam literature dating back to 2,000 years. The late Mesolithic (10,000-4,000 BC) paintings highlight the significance of the Tahr in folklore, culture and life. It was designated as the State animal in recognition of its ecological and cultural significance.

The animal is endemic to the Western Ghats. It is protected under Schedule-I of the Wildlife (Protection) Act of India, 1972.

It is an endangered species and the sole Caprinae species found in the tropical mountains of southern India. The animal inhabits meadows with steep cliffs at elevations between 300 metres and 2,600 metre above sea level.

4 . Question

Consider the following statements regarding Ground-level ozone.

• Ground-level ozone is a colourless gas that forms up to 2 miles above the ground.
• Ground-level ozone is called a “secondary” pollutant, since it is produced when two primary pollutants react in sunlight and stagnant air.
• It is highly stationary and does not travel long distances due to wind.

How many of the above statements are incorrect?

What is ground-level ozone?

Also known as tropospheric ozone, ground-level ozone is a colourless and highly irritating gas that forms just above the Earth’s surface (up to 2 miles above the ground).

Notably, it’s not directly emitted into the air but rather produced when two primary pollutants react in sunlight and stagnant air . These two primary pollutants are nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Therefore, ground-level ozone is called a “secondary” pollutant.

Ground-level ozone is likely to breach safety standards on hot summer days in urban areas, but can also reach unhealthy levels during colder months. The pollutant can also travel long distances due to wind and affect rural areas also.

5 . Question

Sharks are ectotherms. What does it mean?

• a) If heat loss exceeds heat generation, metabolism increases to make up the loss
• b) They maintain a constant body temperature independent of the environment
• c) Their body temperature is largely determined by the surrounding water temperature
• d) None of the above

Ectotherm , any so-called cold-blooded animal—that is, any animal whose regulation of body temperature depends on external sources, such as sunlight or a heated rock surface. The ectotherms include the fishes, amphibians, reptiles, and invertebrates. The body temperature of an aquatic ectotherm is usually very close to the temperature of the surrounding water.

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