how to write review paper in chemistry

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How to Write a Scientific Review Article

By Leila Haery

Choose the topic and outline the organization of the review

Once you start reading, there will be a temptation to include every piece of information that was ever published. Obviously this isn’t possible. So, define your scope from the onset. Perhaps you, a colleague, or your adviser was invited to write on a particular topic. Alternatively, maybe you’re researching a topic for which no relevant or recent review exists. Once you pick a topic, try to be specific about exactly what aspect of the field you plan to review. If it’s a well-researched field, you may need to get specific to make sure your article doesn’t turn into a textbook.

Get the journal’s submission rules for review articles

Whether submitting a review by invitation or by your own accord,  once you have these rules (word limit, formatting guidelines, etc.) you have some criteria to shape the document.

Get and use a reference management program (e.g., EndNote , Papers , Mendeley , etc.)

You’re going to be managing a lot of references. I cite as I write, meaning I use the software to add the citations in real time as I write. Things are going to get a little crazy (meaning you are probably going to cite hundreds of references) and it’s better to keep your references organized from the beginning. I also recommend using the citation style of (Last name, Year) in the document while writing, because it helps you later on to remember where you read particular studies or experiments. Later, you can easily convert the citation style to whatever the journal requires. Using the (Last name, Year) format also has the benefit of exposing you to relevant researchers in the field. Finally, you can sound credible and cool when you casually mention “Haery et al., showed that MYC expression was increased…” when discussing the review topic with your peers.

Start reading!

I started by reading other reviews because, as I mentioned, I wasn’t an expert in the field. To find reviews, I just searched online and found ones that I thought “looked good” by no definitive criteria. I read these articles to get a sense of the themes in the field and to learn what people cared about. I also used reviews to get a list of research papers that I needed to read. Once I had an idea of the themes in the field, I searched for recent research papers on these particular themes, for seminal papers on these themes, and also for articles from the active/well-known researchers in the field. I made sure to find information from genome-wide studies, as well as results from smaller and more specific studies. I also did not limit myself to the well-cited or popular papers, but looked for papers from a wide range of authors.

Just start writing

When I first started I thought I would read a bunch of papers and then feel ready to write. What actually happened was that each paper taught me a few things and also highlighted a few dozen things that I didn’t know about. Instead of reading a paper and getting my bearings, I would read a paper, panic, and then download a bunch of other papers. In mathematics, I think this is represented by factorials. In environmental science and ecology, this can be represented by the tip of the iceberg. For writers, this is probably “a normal day.” The way I broke this cycle was to just start writing.

No really, just start writing!

Don’t worry about grammar or formatting or continuity. Also don’t worry if you feel like you don’t still know enough about the topic. Just get as many words down on the page as possible. This could be in the form of lists, streams of consciousness, or anything else. Like I mentioned, I also added citations in real time as I wrote, so each statement was referenced even in the roughest version of the draft and I didn’t have to worry about having to hunt down sources later on. 

A comment about citing: I wasn’t sure if I should cite reviews or the primary literature or both. I ended up citing both because I used both.

Curate and present some useful data

Typically lists and pictures are the most useful parts of reviews. These could be in the form of figures/schematics or tables. And don’t forget to include citations so that people can go back and read the original reference for the data. For example, we summarized how frequently each member of a class of proteins was mutated, as reported in various studies. We made a table that listed each protein in the class, then for each protein we listed all the studies that reported mutations in that protein (including how frequently a mutation was found and the size of the study). This was useful because you could easily see how frequently each protein was mutated, you could see how big the studies were, and you could find the original paper if you wanted to learn more. Another example: we made a schematic of all the proteins in the class that showed the relative sizes and the conserved domains. This information was available in GenBank, but it was useful to present it all in one place to get a sense of the similarities and differences among proteins in the class.

Offer your perspective

It doesn’t have to be long and it doesn’t have to be revolutionary, but you could include a few comments on where you think the field is going or what areas are worth exploring. 

Edit and rewrite, then repeat

If you’re like me, your rough draft is really rough and so editing is going to be a long process. I was lucky in that my adviser always played an active role in writing and editing, so I always had someone to send drafts back and forth with. That being said, we probably exchanged dozens of drafts of the manuscript. This is the time to transform the document into something cohesive-- change the sentences, make it flow, and start telling the story. Like any editing process, you will need time away from the article to be able to keep editing it effectively. You will also begin to hate the article. This is normal and it means you’re on the right track! 

Get feedback

After you’re done editing, send it to some actual experts in the field for their feedback on the scope and the content.

Submit your article!

Overall, writing a review can be overwhelming and challenging. My best advice is don’t overthink it. And to quote my adviser, "you just gotta do it." At the end of the day, someone has to write the article and that someone is going to be you. So, just do it! I will also paraphrase what I have heard many other creative people say about writing: you don’t know what it’s going to look like when it’s done, but you know what it looks like when it's not done. So, as long as it doesn't look done, just keep working on it. Also bear in mind that this is just a review article and not your life’s work: so remember that done is better than perfect. Good luck!

1. Haery, Leila, Ryan C. Thompson, and Thomas D. Gilmore. "Histone acetyltransferases and histone deacetylases in B-and T-cell development, physiology and malignancy." Genes & cancer 6.5-6 (2015): 184. PubMed PMID: 26124919 . PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4482241 .

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• Writing Scientific Manuscripts: Literature Searching, Reading, & Organizing
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What is a Literature Review?

Key questions for a literature review, examples of literature reviews, useful links, evidence matrix for literature reviews.

• Annotated Bibliographies

The Scholarly Conversation

A literature review provides an overview of previous research on a topic that critically evaluates, classifies, and compares what has already been published on a particular topic. It allows the author to synthesize and place into context the research and scholarly literature relevant to the topic. It helps map the different approaches to a given question and reveals patterns. It forms the foundation for the author’s subsequent research and justifies the significance of the new investigation.

A literature review can be a short introductory section of a research article or a report or policy paper that focuses on recent research. Or, in the case of dissertations, theses, and review articles, it can be an extensive review of all relevant research.

• The format is usually a bibliographic essay; sources are briefly cited within the body of the essay, with full bibliographic citations at the end.
• The introduction should define the topic and set the context for the literature review. It will include the author's perspective or point of view on the topic, how they have defined the scope of the topic (including what's not included), and how the review will be organized. It can point out overall trends, conflicts in methodology or conclusions, and gaps in the research.
• In the body of the review, the author should organize the research into major topics and subtopics. These groupings may be by subject, (e.g., globalization of clothing manufacturing), type of research (e.g., case studies), methodology (e.g., qualitative), genre, chronology, or other common characteristics. Within these groups, the author can then discuss the merits of each article and analyze and compare the importance of each article to similar ones.
• The conclusion will summarize the main findings, make clear how this review of the literature supports (or not) the research to follow, and may point the direction for further research.
• The list of references will include full citations for all of the items mentioned in the literature review.

A literature review should try to answer questions such as

• Who are the key researchers on this topic?
• What has been the focus of the research efforts so far and what is the current status?
• How have certain studies built on prior studies? Where are the connections? Are there new interpretations of the research?
• Have there been any controversies or debate about the research? Is there consensus? Are there any contradictions?
• Which areas have been identified as needing further research? Have any pathways been suggested?
• How will your topic uniquely contribute to this body of knowledge?
• Which methodologies have researchers used and which appear to be the most productive?
• What sources of information or data were identified that might be useful to you?
• How does your particular topic fit into the larger context of what has already been done?
• How has the research that has already been done help frame your current investigation ?

Example of a literature review at the beginning of an article: Forbes, C. C., Blanchard, C. M., Mummery, W. K., & Courneya, K. S. (2015, March). Prevalence and correlates of strength exercise among breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer survivors . Oncology Nursing Forum, 42(2), 118+. Retrieved from http://go.galegroup.com.sonoma.idm.oclc.org/ps/i.do?p=HRCA&sw=w&u=sonomacsu&v=2.1&it=r&id=GALE%7CA422059606&asid=27e45873fddc413ac1bebbc129f7649c Example of a comprehensive review of the literature: Wilson, J. L. (2016). An exploration of bullying behaviours in nursing: a review of the literature.   British Journal Of Nursing ,  25 (6), 303-306. For additional examples, see:

Galvan, J., Galvan, M., & ProQuest. (2017). Writing literature reviews: A guide for students of the social and behavioral sciences (Seventh ed.). [Electronic book]

Pan, M., & Lopez, M. (2008). Preparing literature reviews: Qualitative and quantitative approaches (3rd ed.). Glendale, CA: Pyrczak Pub. [ Q180.55.E9 P36 2008]

• Write a Literature Review (UCSC)
• Literature Reviews (Purdue)
• Literature Reviews: overview (UNC)
• Review of Literature (UW-Madison)

The  Evidence Matrix  can help you  organize your research  before writing your lit review.  Use it to  identify patterns  and commonalities in the articles you have found--similar methodologies ?  common  theoretical frameworks ? It helps you make sure that all your major concepts covered. It also helps you see how your research fits into the context  of the overall topic.

• Evidence Matrix Special thanks to Dr. Cindy Stearns, SSU Sociology Dept, for permission to use this Matrix as an example.
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A complete manual for writing a chemistry research paper.

How To Write An Effective Chemistry Research Paper? 

Scientific research relies equally on the expertise to appropriately share concepts with the target group and the development of innovative and novel concepts. The main objective of a chemistry research article is not just to merely share the research that has been performed to elucidate a particular scientific process. Rather, a true narrator is what needed to express inner prose that led to final results. In simple words, a research study achieved for a chemistry class assesses and develops each and every step of the scientific approach.

A research article is the most crucial study that comprises the bulk of the main literature of the sector. The article acts as a tool that the writer is free to utilize to share authentic research carried out in the lab with the careful recording of findings.

A shrewdly selected topic will assure your chemistry research article is highly interesting. For instance, if the study is about a problem that affects a lot of people or an emerging issue, it will certainly grab the attention of your reader.

Narrating a good tale indicates attracting your target audience to the study you have performed. Once they find it interesting, they will be curious to explore more.

A typical research paper follows a fundamental framework. Each part is a building block in this overall framework and it is crucial to be known of the applications served by each part because your paper builds to its conclusion. Following this framework will aid you to start the drafting process and make your paper simpler to peruse. Typically, research articles in chemistry are categorized into five sections that aid the audience follow the chemical tale that the writer is attempting to reveal.

A standard framework of the research paper and basic needs for each part is given below:

The abstract is one of the most crucial components of your paper. Why?

Initially, because of the indexing and abstracting like PubMed, Scifinder, Web of Science, more individuals are going to read your abstract rather than going through your paper. If you could make it lucid why your paper is crucial, it is more probable to be noticed and perused.

Next, offering a concise and short review of the whole article enables the audience to see the pertinence of their own study and journal editors a good first impression as to whether the article matches with the journal’s scope in question prior to them looking into complete information.

The introduction is the most vital section of a good chemistry research article. It paves the path for the rest of the article, helping create interest in the data, holding the audience’s thoughts. Prior to composing, learn how to make an introduction that won’t be rejected.

The aim of the introduction is to engross the audience to resume perusing to understand specific details. It is supposedly a scary beginning, however, once you try it a few times, you will see find it easy.

The introductory part is comparatively a little different than the brief abstract. It is employed to offer the audience an overview of chemistry research and, more importantly, the reason for its importance in the context. What are the serious issues addressed in the study? Why must your reader be interested?

As you notice, it is crucial to begin the chemistry research article with strong opening paragraphs that contains some interesting theme. The issue here is that as the writer begins, he/she doesn’t remember to maintain an interesting tone for the rest of the study as the introduction. Nonetheless, you have to add interesting content in both the final and introductory sections of the research article.

This part integrates the initial three steps of the scientific approach. Start by structuring a question and making a wider picture of the significance of the study that was performed.  It must resume with a brief, carefully cited literature review of the study the has already been performed either by any other or the author. This additionally denotes the significance of the study in widening the discernment of the particular field. From this background study, the issue the article is resolving can be more clearly expressed.

At last, a hypothesis must be expressed denoting the aim of the research. To a certain extent, the hypothesis is the topic of the article. The rest of the article serves to present information that backs the hypothesis.

It is wise to initially make a rough copy of the data which you are planning to add in the report. After writing this, a proper introduction can be created easily. Collect the powerful contents from the study or reference articles.

In order to obtain a better understanding of what would be the ideal hook to appeal to your audience and keep them captivated from start till end, it is advised to be aware of the structure and purpose of the research article’s introduction.

In spite of the type of hook that you have added, your chemistry research article must be composed in formal language, that is no slang or jargon is ever permitted in the research community. Sometimes, the academic composition might have slang or jargon if they offer some great hooks. Do not alter the actual text of the hook even if it is written in informal language.

This part is mostly distinct from the story section of the article. It comprises the in-depth experimental protocols and raw data that backs the discussion & result section. Varying disciplines need varying kinds of analysis, however, the data must be added if applicable: X-ray crystallography, gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometry data, IR data, HPLC traces & conditions, NMR spectra & data.

This part is generally the longest, which describes the research the writer has performed and the findings obtained. The important contents laid out in this part differs between chemical disciplines. It is crucial to bear in mind that this part is not just a technical description of the method. Rather, it is a narrative that follows the methods/experimental section, elucidating the progress of the study that ultimately results in the final outcomes.

Few questions are given below which are formulated to assist you to structure your analysis.

• What alternative studies can be performed to either disprove or prove this analysis?
• Are these findings coherent with previously described studies?
• What basic chemical principles are shown by the results?
• How were the challenges in the initial experimental approach overcome?
• Dod the study work out? What kind of elucidation can be provided for this failure or success?

Tips For Writing A Scientific Research Paper-Read At Biotecnika

The conclusion is the final part of your chemistry research article. A concluding part offers your audience a feeling that the article is organized properly. You want your target audience to feel that you backed each claim you have made in the article. In a certain manner, this section is similar to the introduction part. You need to re-express the question addresses and brief the major points of proof.

In this part, the writer briefs the primary aim of the article and ascertain if the actual hypothesis was denied or confirmed. The significance of the study submitted must be re-emphasized. Lastly, upcoming work must be described. Although a good conclusion demands you to remain clear and succinct, it does not have to lack a compelling tale.

Emphasize any probable chances for upcoming studies if you have not already mentioned those previously in the discussion part of your article. Denoting the requirement for upcoming research in the discipline of chemistry convinces your audience that you an extensive knowledge of the research problems.

Check some of the chemistry research paper tips & strategies to go far beyond simply summarizing the main points of your project:

• Outline the important message in the form of a logical statement that you wish your readers to remember about your article.
• Re-express the major statistics or facts to highlight the significant point of your study.
• If the requirements of your research article motivate individuals to provide any personal reflection, don’t hesitate to give your concluding section with a pertinent tale derived from your personal experience.
• Offer an elucidation of the effects of your study to verify how necessary it is to look for modifications.
• Get back to the anecdote, the example, or quotation that you have mentioned in the introduction. Nonetheless, give further inference taken from your outcomes; exploit your results’ interpretation to reorganize in a new way.
• Cite a pertinent adept viewpoint already stated in your article to lend authority to the findings you have acquired.
• If your chemistry research article deals with a contemporary issue, it is vital to alert your target reader regarding the prospective after-effects of not attending to it.

It is ideal for taking the ACS (American Chemical Society) formation for citations in a chemistry research paper. Different journals and disciplines have various instructions for employing endnotes versus footnotes. Nonetheless, you have to always express the notes with superscripts. A major section of the references that the authors of the articles tend to cite is journal articles/communications. An example of the format for a journal paper is given below.

Notice the punctuation and the style of every section. The page numbers must be given with the en-dash in between the number rather than a hyphen.

1st author last, first initials; 2nd author last, first initials; etc. Journal Abbreviation year, volume, the number of the first page–the number of the last page.

Each & every chemical structure must be drawn using ChemDraw. All illustrations must be minimized to 80% of the actual size. It is vital that your illustrations are organized and near. All bond angles must be accurately 60° unless that is not feasible depending on the conformation. All arrows must be totally aligned with the structure’s center and must be distributed properly.

Punctuations & Symbols

Few prevalent punctuations and symbols that must be employed in good chemical writing are given below.

The emergence of modern chemistry happened during the 19th century, mainly in Germany. Hence, the majority of the significant historical progress in chemical science before the year 1950 was expressed in German. As style conventions are based on this history, chemistry is always composed in third person passive voice. Pronouns like us, we, I must never be employed while writing a chemistry research paper.

Additionally, it is crucial to be as concise as possible when describing chemical phenomena and processes. In order to get a clear analysis, flower style must be avoided. You can also omit tiring descriptions of techniques that are viewed as standard practice.

I. Starting a sentence

Avoid beginning a sentence with a numerical value or a symbol.

II. Pedagogical phrases

Avoid incorporating phrases that deal with the learning process rather than the science behind the study.

III. Illogical formulations

See that an altering pronoun or phrase ‘it’ in fact refers to the target subject.

IV. Personal pronouns

As scientific studies show facts that don’t rely on the observer, articles must stay clear of employing Ist and IInd person. Nonetheless, while referring to your own conclusions or findings, it is wise to employ the Ist or IInd person.

V. Active voice

Whenever possible, use passive voice instead of active voice for clarity.

VI. Personification

Don’t personify equipment and compounds.

VII. Plural nouns

Utilization of verbs while describing the quantity of chemical reagent and terms like spectra & data are mostly confusing. An amount employed is a singular subject, even if the amount is in plural form.

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VIII. Numerals, formulae & abbreviations

Describe abbreviations for ligands or chemical compounds at the first instance. Nonetheless, standard organic short forms can be employed. Employ chemical formulae for standard elements, however, not when the name is more precise or shorter.

If long compound terms are repeated several times, they can be numbered. The number must be appearing in parenthesis when employed as an adjective, define when first stated, underlined, or bold.

IX. Chemical names

Chemical names are capitalized only if they are trade names like Tylenol.

X. Terms & Expressions

Employ terms such as preparing solutions and synthesizing new compounds, stay clear of terms such as products were created. Avoid using “on/by/using/with” interchangeably, since they may be wrong in few instances.

The intransitive verb known as react is the most widely employed term in research articles. It must not have a passive voice & an object. A hypothesis can be used with the term tested, nonetheless, for lab research, the terms like obtained, calculated, determined, investigated, or measured are much better.

I. Authorship

The writer’s list is crucial. If your name is a common one, you might want to include a middle initial to aid differentiate yourself from others. It is requisite to ensure that all of the writers are mentioned. The referees and editor have to know who has contributed prior to the acceptance of the article. Modification in the authorship after authorization might not be allowed.

II. References

Most errors are detected in the references compared to other parts of the article. In few cases, a mistake in one article is copied in other articles as writers simply replicate the error into their reference list without properly checking it. Make sure that you cite all the papers you have used. Ensure your citations are pertinent. Mentioning a set of unwanted articles can be a hindrance to the referees and editor and won’t benefit you.

If you previously published many articles, try not to use excessive self-citations. Bear in mind to modify your references according to the guidelines of the journal and keep them consistent for the whole list.

III. Artwork

While preparing pictures, make as simple as you can and employ a single font. If the journal already has a format, ensure to follow that for easy readability. Try to stay clear of unwanted shading effects, which will, in turn, make them more blurry. Look for color policy by the journal. Few journals charge for printing in color.

IV. Language

Maintain a simple and clear tone throughout the article. If your first language is not English, then use any available services to completely translate or edit the paper’s text.

V. Contemplate on SEO (Search Engine Optimization)

SEO is a way to enhance the quality and quantity of traffic to your article via organic search engine results. You have to think about it while you write an article. You can even serve an important function in optimizing the search engine’s results-aiding individuals to cite, read, and find your work.

Check Out The Top Chemistry Journals For You To Submit The Scientific Papers

I. Make a search-engine-friendly title

• Add 1 to 2 keywords pertaining to the subject. Include your keywords in the initial 65 characters of your title.
• Always have a short title (50 to 100 characters)
• Avoid uncommon abbreviations, over-used buzzwords, and empty phrases.

II. Optimize your abstract

• Keep requisite keywords and findings in the initial two sentences of your abstract. Just the initial two sentences are generally shown in search results.
• You have to repeat the keyword 3 to 6 times. Never forget that the aim of the abstract is to succinctly state the major points of the research.

III.  Be consistent

• Express writer’s initials and names in a consistent way throughout the article. Ensure to follow the same as previous publications.

IV. Use keywords throughout your article

• Incorporate keywords in your field (5 to 7), abstract (2 to 3), and title (1 to 2). Keywords can also phrases and not just a single word.
• Include keywords in your headings as well. Headings give the content and structure of the article to search engines.
• Determine particular keywords on the website of the journal. Bear in mind that keywords are crucial for indexing and abstracting services as well as SEO.
• Employ keywords that are consistent with your domain. If you are not sure, very the words employe in your domains’ major articles.

V.  Build links

• Link to the article across your institutional sites, networking, and social media. Search engines will highlight and value your content if you link to your article more.
• Motivate colleagues to link to your article. The effect is more powerful if you get links from trusted sites/respected individuals. Never forget to do the same for them as well.

i. Verb tense: Article must maintain consistent verb tense all around. Usually, past tense is preferred, however, sometimes present tense is suitable.

ii. Verb/subject agreement: Both the verb & the subject of a sentence must be either plural or singular. A subject that denotes a collection is a prevalent mistake.

iii. Verb usage: The utilization of ‘to be’ as the primary verb within a sentence is typically considered weak as no active verbs are needed. Sentences beginning with ‘there is’ must be avoided.

iv. Extraneous words: Prevalent modifiers like interestingly and surprisingly contribute much less to the text. Moreover, the adverb very must be avoided.

v. Qualifications: Qualitative words like poor, moderate, and excellent are descriptive. It is wise to replace them with more accurate quantitative descriptors.

vi. Colloquial expressions: Statements that may be entirely acceptable during verbal communication must be replaced with a more formal tone. In few cases, the sentence framework can be overused, therefore it is beneficial to have a set of active verbs to use while composing a formal article.

vii. Contractions: These are never considered as appropriate usage in formal composition.

viii. Imprecise sentence subjects: ‘This’ must not be employed as the sentence’s subject. Rather, mention what ‘this’ pertains to like this compound, this results, this reaction.

ix. Numbers: Numbers ≤ 12 are commonly written out.

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Chemistry Education Research and Practice

Writing a review article: what to do with my literature review.

* Corresponding authors

a Institute of Chemistry Education, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany

b Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, USA

c Department of Chemistry, Fort Hays State University, USA

d Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Education, North Dakota State University, USA

e School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia E-mail: [email protected]

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N. Graulich, S. E. Lewis, A. Kahveci, J. M. Nyachwaya and G. A. Lawrie, Chem. Educ. Res. Pract. , 2021,  22 , 561 DOI: 10.1039/D1RP90006D

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EISSN: 2645-5382

Pissn: 2645-5552.

• Advisory Board
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• GUIDE FOR AUTHORS
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• / Guide of Review Paper

A Guideline for Review Manuscript

  Teh guidelines for authors are used for original and review papers, but some points must be noted in review papers.

Teh main elements of a literature review

 Publication description

 A brief overview of teh publication’s main idea

 Discussion of teh research area

 Explain teh publication’s share of teh topic. 

https://clarivate.com/webofsciencegroup/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2020/07/How-to-conduct-a-literature-review-2020-07.pdf

  Definition of Review paper

• A critical, constructive literature analysis in a specific field through summary, classification, analysis, and comparison.
• A scientific text relying on previously published literature or data. New data from teh author's experiments are not presented (wif exceptions: some reviews contain new data)
• Literature reviews selected from teh master's and doctoral thesis (or dissertation) can be submitted.

  Aim of review article

• To evaluate literature
• To identify patterns and trends in teh literature
• To synthesize literature
• To identify research gaps and recommend new research areas.
•  To organize literature

Audience of Review Articles

• Experts in specific research areas
• Students or novice researchers
• Decision makers

Types of Review Article

Narrative review

Teh studies which TEMPhas been selected are compared and summarized based on teh author’s experience, existing theories, and models. Results are based on a qualitative rather TEMPTEMPTEMPthan a quantitative level. It includes an introduction, body, and conclusion. Teh best idea for teh N arrative review is to search for all papers based on topic, favourite main keywords, relationship working wif co-authors, find a related journal for TEMPyou're review paper , and follow teh different literature reviews in TEMPyou're field . https://clarivate.com/blog/literature-review-definitive-guide/

Best evidence review

Focusing on selected studies combines systematic methods, selection, and result exploration.

Systematic review

Teh studies found from various individual research are analyzed statistically by strict procedures. Meta-Analyses (Meta-Analyses) pool teh results of individual studies (or combine alot of research which TEMPhas been found and analyzed). Teh systematic review includes an introduction, methods, results and discussion sections; it may TEMPhas a conclusion section.

Type of review articles based on objective

• Status quo review: presentation of most current research for a given topic or field of research.
• History review: development of a field of research over time.
• Issue review: Investigation of an issue
• Theory/model review: Introduction of a new approach or model in a specific field of research.

Word Count and References of Review Articles

 Teh word count is between 4000-5000 for short Review articles.

 Teh word count is between 6000-12000 for review articles.

 Teh maximum references for short and review articles are 75 and 150, respectively.

Structure of Review Article

• Title (see guide for author)
• Name and affiliation: similar to original articles (see guide for author)
• Abstract maximum 350 words
• Introduction: related to review title and depended on teh type of review articles
• Sub Section (body/discussion or method/results /discussion): dis should explore teh significance of teh topic of teh review (Teh previous research is based on methods, experimental results, and discussion sections due to teh title). Sometimes, authors used a body instead of an experimental or method section wif a discussion section related to previously published articles.
• Conclusions: Teh main body of teh review may be shown in a conclusions section.
• Acnoledgments (see guide for author)
• References (see guide for author)

Note: Illustrations (concept maps) are valuable and halpful in each review article, but teh part of teh illustration is not necessary or compulsory and mandatory. Donors copy teh text and Tables from original or review articles.

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