apa in text citation video timestamp

Thursday, February 23: The Clark Library is closed today.

APA Style (7th Edition) Citation Guide: Films/Videos/TV Shows

• Introduction
• Journal Articles
• Magazine/Newspaper Articles
• Books & Ebooks
• Government & Legal Documents
• Biblical Sources
• Secondary Sources
• Films/Videos/TV Shows
• How to Cite: Other
• Additional Help

Table of Contents

Film or Video

Streaming Video From a Website (YouTube, Vimeo, etc.)

Streaming video from a subscription media website (netflix, amazon prime, hulu, etc.), streaming video from a library database, television series episode.

Note: All citations should be double spaced and have a hanging indent in a Reference List.

A "hanging indent" means that each subsequent line after the first line of your citation should be indented by 0.5 inches.

This Microsoft support page contains instructions about how to format a hanging indent in a paper.

Who to Credit - Film or Video

The director should be credited as the author of a film. If the director is unknown, someone in a similar role, such as a producer and/or writer, can be credited. To clarify what role the person has in the production, their job title such as Director is put after their name in round brackets if the job title is known.

Who to Credit - Streaming Video from a Website

For videos from websites such as YouTube or Vimeo, credit the person who posted the content. If a real name is provided, use that followed by the person's user name in square brackets. If the real name of the person who posted the content is not known, just use their user name without brackets.

Note : It is not necessary to specify how you watched a film or video (e.g. motion picture, DVD, streaming online). 

In the Body of a Paper

Books, Journals, Reports, Webpages, etc.: When you refer to titles of a “stand-alone work,” as the APA calls them on their APA Style website, such as books, journals, reports, and webpages, you should italicize them. Capitalize words as you would for an article title in a reference, e.g., In the book Crying in H Mart: A memoir , author Michelle Zauner (2021) describes her biracial origin and its impact on her identity.

Article or Chapter: When you refer to the title of a part of a work, such as an article or a chapter, put quotation marks around the title and capitalize it as you would for a journal title in a reference, e.g., In the chapter “Where’s the Wine,” Zauner (2021) describes how she decided to become a musician.

The APA Sample Paper below has more information about formatting your paper.

• APA 7th ed. Sample Paper

Film or Video

When the Director, Producer and/or Writer is known:

Director/Producer/Writer's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if given. (Job Title). (Year film was produced).  Title of film: Subtitle if any  [Film]. Production Company.

Note: For other countries, list the city name and the country.

Hallam, J. (Producer, Writer), & Lam, K. (Producer, Director). (2010).  Staff relations in healthcare: Working as a team  [Film]. Insight Media.

• When you have more than one producer, writer and/or writer to credit, separate the names with a comma and put an ampersand (&) before the last person's last name.
• Serling, R. (Executive Producer). (1959–1964). The twilight zone [TV series]. Cayuga Productions; CBS Productions.

In-Text Paraphrase:

(Producer/Director/Writer's Last Name, Year)

Example: (Hallam & Lam, 2010)

Note: This example has two people to credit, so both last names are given)

In-Text Quote:

(Producer/Director/Writer's Last Name, Year, Timestamp)

Example: (Hallam & Lam, 2010, 2:30)

Note: Because the timestamp serves the same purpose in a video as page numbers, paragraph numbers or section headings, you include it in the in-text citation. Include only the beginning timestamp.

When the Director, Producer and/or Writer is not known:  Start the citation with the film title.

Title of film: Subtitle if any  [Film]. (Year film was produced). Production Company if Known.

Era of viruses  [Film]. (2006). Films for the Humanities and Sciences.

( Title of Film , Year)

Example: ( Era of Viruses , 2006)

Note: Italicize the title of the film and capitalize the words for the in-text citation.

( Title of Film , Year, Timestamp)

Example: ( Era of Viruses , 2006, 40:00)

When the Poster's Name is known: 

Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial. of person who posted the video if known. [User name that posted the video]. (Year video was posted, Month Day).  Title of video  [Video]. Website Name. URL

Note: According to APA, for citing purposes the person who posted the video is credited as the author.

Nye, B. [TheRealBillNye]. (2009, April 8).  Bill Nye the science guy on energy  [Video]. YouTube. http://youtu.be/0ASLLiuejAo

(Creator's Last Name, Year)

Example: (Nye, 2009)

(Creator's Last Name, Year, timestamp)

Example: (Nye, 2009, 0:55)

When the Poster's Name is not known: 

User name that posted the video. (Year video was posted, Month Day).  Title of video  [Video]. Website Name. URL

All Aces Media. (2012, January 19).  Often awesome the series  [Video]. Vimeo. http://vimeo.com/35311255

(User name, Year)

Example: (All Aces Media, 2012)

Example: (All Aces Media, 2012, timestamp)

Producer's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Producer). (Year of Publication).  Title of Video  [Video]. Website Name. URL

Note:  When you have one producer (Producer) is used after the producer's name. If you have more than one producer use (Producers) instead.

Allen, T., et. al. (Producers). (2017). The story of Diana  [Video]. Netflix. http://www.netflix.com

(Producer Last name, Year)

Example: (Allen, et. al., 2017)

(Producer Last name, Year, Timestamp)

Example: (Allen, et. al., 2017, 6:45)

Name of Company/Organization that Provided Content or Creator's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial. if known. (Year video was created, Month Day if known).  Title of video  [Video]. Database Name.

National Film Board of Canada. (2014).  Making movie history: The women  [Video]. NFB Campus. 

(Name of Company/Organization, Year)

Example: (National Film Board of Canada, 2014)

(Name of Company/Organization, Year, Timestamp)

Writer, Producer and/or Director's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if given. (Job Title) if known. (Year the episode was originally aired). Title of episode (Season No., Episode No.) [TV series episode]. In Executive Producer's First Initial. Last Name (Executive producer) if known,  Television series name . Production Company.

Young, R. (Writer, Producer, Director). (2010). Flying cheap (Season 2010, Episode 2) [TV series episode]. In  Frontline . American University School of Communication's Investigative Reporting Workshop.

(Writer, Producer and/or Director's Last Name, Year)

Example: (Young, 2010)

(Writer, Producer and/or Director's Last Name, Year, Timestamp)

Example: (Young, 2010, 15:38)

Television Series Episode Viewed on a Subscription Media Website 

Writer, Producer and/or Director's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if given. (Job Title) if known. (Year the episode was originally aired). Title of episode (Season No., Episode No.) [TV series episode]. In Executive Producer's First Initial. Last Name (Executive producer) if known,  Television series name . Streaming Video Site. URL

Attenborough, D. (Writer). (2001). Ocean world (Season 1, Episode 1) [TV series episode]. In A. Fothergill (Executive producer),  Blue planet: A natural history of the oceans . Netflix. http://www.netflix.com

Example: (Attenborough, 2001)

 (Writer, Producer and/or Director's Last Name, Year, Timestamp)

Example: (Attenborough, 2001, 10:12)

• << Previous: Secondary Sources
• Next: How to Cite: Other >>
• Last Updated: Mar 11, 2024 3:40 PM
• URL: https://libguides.up.edu/apa

APA Referencing 7th Edition

• In-text citations
• Journals, newspapers & magazines
• Books & eBooks

Main elements

• Figures, images & tables
• Internet & social media
• Religious & classical works
• Interviews & personal communications
• Other sources

Reference list

• Printable quick reference guides

• Streaming/YouTube

TED Talk video

(Sturgeon, 2019) OR  Sturgeon (2019)

Sturgeon, N. (2019, July). Why governments should prioritize well-being.  [Video] .  TED Conferences. https://www.ted.com/talks/nicola_sturgeon_why_governments_should_prioritize_well_being

YouTube Video

(TED, 2019)   OR  TED(2019)

TED. (2019, December 12). Christiana Figueres and Chris Anderson: How we can turn the tide on climate [Video]. YouTube.  https://youtu.be/NUFEBioLPf8

Talks at Google

(Talks at Google, 2019)   OR  Talks at Google (2019)

  Talks at Google. (2019, September 18). Is the world ready for the age of AI? [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nI_JEqnsgc4

(Husain, 2019)   OR  Husain (2019)

  Husain, A. (2019, August 30). Is the world ready for the age of AI? [Video]. Talks at Google. https://talksat.withgoogle.com/talk/is-the-world-ready-for-the-age-of-ai

Streaming video

It is commonly accepted that "there is a huge gap between this attitude toward sustainable consumption or sustainable behavior and the actual behavior that happens" (Sattari, 2020, 01:22).

Sattari, S. (2020).  Researching consumer perspectives on sustainability using metaphor elicitation.  [Video]. SAGE Research Methods. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781529730999

Streaming video (database) - EduTV

(Watkin, 2019) OR Watkin  (2019)

Reference list 

Watkin, D. (Director). (2019). A Murri on the move with Kerry Turner (Series 1, Episode 2)   [Video]. In Around the Campfire . NITV.  https://go.openathens.net/redirector/nd.edu.au?url=https%3A%2F%2Fedutv.informit.com.au%2Fwatch-screen.php%3FvideoID%3D3192429

Streaming video (database) - Kanopy

(Peabody, 2019) OR  Peabody  (2019)

Peabody, F. (Director). (2019).  The corporate coup d'etat  [Video]. First Run Features. https://nd.kanopy.com/video/corporate-coup-d-etat

Television series (single episode)

(Quicke, 2018) OR  Quicke (2018)

Quicke, G. (Host). (2018). A stargazer's guide to the Cosmos: The scale of the Solar System. [TV series episode]. In J. Edmeades (Director), A stargazer's guide to the Cosmos.  ABC Me.  https://go.openathens.net/redirector/nd.edu.au?url=https%3A%2F%2Fedutv.informit.com.au%2Fwatch-screen.php%3FvideoID%3D2758731

Television series (full series)

(Edmeades, 2019) OR  Edmeades  (2019)

Edmeades, J. (Director). (2019). A stargazer's guide to the Cosmos . [TV series]. ABC Me.  https://go.openathens.net/redirector/nd.edu.au?url=https%3A%2F%2Fedutv.informit.com.au%2Fwatch-screen.php%3FvideoID%3D3428898

(Knight, 2019) OR  Knight (2019)

Knight, S. (Director). (2019). Serenity [Film]. Global Road Entertainment.  https://edutv.informit.com.au/watch-screen.php?videoID=3390687

• See Figures, Images & Tables
• Transcript of an Audiovisual Work
• Musical scores

(Goldwater, 2020 ) OR Goldwater  (2020)

Goldwater, M. (2020, February 23). Dr Micah Goldwater discusses pseudoscience  [Interview].  All in the mind with Sana Qadar: Suckers for pseudoscience . ABC Radio National.  https://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/allinthemind/suckers-for-pseudoscience/11976394

(Edmonds, 2018) OR Edmonds  (2018)

Edmonds, D. (2018, April 11). Tom Chatfield on critical thinking and bias [Audio podcast episode]. In Social science bites.  Sage Publications.  https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781526459855

Song track on a CD 

(Kelly, 2008) OR  Kelly  (2008)

Kelly, P. (2008). Leaps and bounds [Song]. On Greatest hits: Songs from the south volumes 1 & 2 . [CD]. Universal Music.

Classical works

(Handel, 1749/1986)   OR  Handel  (1749/1986)

Handel, G. F. (1986). The music for the Royal fireworks: Amaryllis suite; suite from the water music . [Album recorded by the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra conducted by Yehudi Menuhin]. RPO Records, London. (Original work produced 1749)

• << Previous: Books & eBooks
• Next: Figures, images & tables >>
• Last Updated: Feb 14, 2024 3:11 PM
• URL: https://library.nd.edu.au/instruction/referencing/apa7

• Joyner Library
• Laupus Health Sciences Library
• Music Library
• Digital Collections
• Special Collections
• North Carolina Collection
• Teaching Resources
• The ScholarShip Institutional Repository
• Country Doctor Museum

APA Citation Style, 7th Edition: YouTube or other streaming video

• APA 6/7 Comparison Guide
• New & Notable Changes
• Student Paper Layout
• Journal Article with One Author
• Journal Article with Two Authors
• Journal Article with Three or more Authors
• Help?! I can't find the DOI
• One Author/Editor
• Two Authors/Editors
• Chapter in a Book
• Electronic Books
• Social Media Posts
• YouTube or other streaming video
• Podcast or other audio works
• Infographic, Powerpoint, or other visual works
• Government Websites & Publications, & Gray Literature
• Legislative (US & State House & Senate) Bills
• StatPearls, UpToDate, DynaMedex
• Dissertations & Thesis
• Interviews & Emails
• Magazine Articles
• Newspaper Articles
• Datasets, Software, & Tests
• Posters & Conference Sessions
• Photographs, Tables, & PDF's
• Canvas Posts & Class Discussion Boards
• In-Text Citations & Paraphrasing
• References Page
• Free APA 7th edition Resources, Handouts, & Tutorials

Citing YouTube or other streaming video

Tips for citing YouTube and other video sources in APA 7th edition (p. 274, 342-344). 

• When adding a reference for a YouTube video, if you can locate it, add the uploader's last name, first initial as the "author." Then add their username in brackets, for example: Smith, J. [@smithjoe]. 
• After adding the title in italics, in plain text add "video' in brackets and then add YouTube as the platform, for example: How to make pancakes with almond butter [Video]. Youtube. 
• When adding an in-text citation for a direct quote from a video, make sure to add a timestamp after the date. For example, (Smith, 2018, 5:27)

CBS News. (2019, October 4).  The perils of private prison health care | Full documentary [Video] . YouTube.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CsQuOPy4zX0

In-text Citation (Paraphrase):

(CBS News, 2019)

In-text Citation (Direct Quote):

(CBS News, 2019, 3:15)

Carrie Forbes, MLS

Page References

Citation information has been adapted from the APA Manual (7th Edition). Please refer to Chapter 10: Reference Examples, pp. 274, 342-344 for more information. 

Helpful Tips

Tips for citing social media in APA 7th edition (p. 274, 342-344). 

• After adding the title in italics, in plain text add "video' in brackets and then add YouTube as the platform, for example:  How to make pancakes with almond butter  [Video]. Youtube. 

Chat with a Librarian

Chat with a librarian is available during Laupus Library's open hours . 

Need to contact a specific librarian? Find your liaison.

Call us: 1-888-820-0522 (toll free)

252-744-2230

Text us: 252-303-2343

• << Previous: Social Media Posts
• Next: Podcast or other audio works >>
• Last Updated: Jan 12, 2024 10:05 AM
• URL: https://libguides.ecu.edu/APA7

APA 7th Referencing

• Style summary
• Easy Referencing tool This link opens in a new window
• In-text citations
• Reference lists
• Secondary sources (as cited in)
• Streaming videos

Streaming videos format

• Film/Movie, TV, radio and podcasts
• Print books
• Book chapters
• Edited books
• Conference papers and webinars
• Dictionaries and encyclopedias
• First Nations resources and knowledges
• Images, artworks, and screenshots
• Journal articles
• Newspapers and magazines
• Lecture/Class materials, MOOCs/learning modules and personal communications
• Legal cases
• Legislation, bills and regulations
• Conventions and treaties
• Taxation rulings
• Medical databases
• Plant labels and profiles
• Standards, building codes and patents
• Graphs (figures)
• Theses and dissertations
• Translated and foreign works
• Websites and webpages
• Online documents (e.g. white paper, brochure, fact sheet, ppt slides etc.)
• Social media, apps, games and AI
• APA 7th quiz
• Video streaming database (e.g. ClickView, SafetyHub etc.)

Citing a video in a PowerPoint slide

Reference elements.

In-text citation

• Some departments might not require you to cite the Author(s). Please check with your teacher.
• When first citing the source, please provide the title of the video. Ensure that whenever you mention the title, it is in italics.
• When quoting directly from a YouTube video, provide a time stamp for the beginning of the quotation in minutes/seconds format, i.e. MM:SS.
• Author: Use the name of the account that uploaded the video.
• YouTube channel pages begin on the “Home” tab by default. If you want to cite one of the other tabs (e.g., “Videos,” “Playlists”), use the name of that tab rather than “Home” in the title element of the reference (as in the Walker example).
• Provide a retrieval date because the content is designed to change over time and is not archived.

Streaming video from a database (e.g. ClickView, SafetyHub etc.)

• When first citing the source, please provide the title of the video. Ensure that whenever you mention the title, it is in italics .
• When quoting directly from a video, provide a time stamp for the beginning of the quotation in minutes/seconds format, e.g., MM:SS.
• Author is the Director or Producer. If unknown or not noted, use the production company instead (e.g., ClickView, Safetycare). 
• Publisher is the the producing institution, organisation, or hosting platform. 
• If the producer and publisher are the same leave publisher section blank.

• Some departments might not require you to cite the Author(s). Please check with your teacher. 
• When first citing the source, provide the title of the video. Ensure that whenever you mention the title, it is in italics.
• When using a direct quote or paraphrasing, use (Presenter, year, time stamp). Time stamp should be in minutes/seconds format in 00:00 format, for short clips or hours/minutes/seconds 0:00:00 (1:15:22) for long talks.

TED Talk from the website:

• When the TED Talk comes from TED’s website, use the name of the speaker as the author.
• Provide as specific a date as possible; in the example, only the year and month are available.
• Include the description “[Video]” in square brackets after the title of the talk.
• Credit TED Conferences as the publisher of the TED Talk and then provide the URL.

TED Talk from YouTube:

• When the TED Talk is on YouTube, list the owner of the YouTube account (here, TED) as the author to aid in retrieval.
• Provide as specific a date as possible.
• Credit YouTube as the publisher of the TED Talk and then provide the URL.
• When the speaker is not listed as the author, integrate their name into the narrative if desired: e.g. Shane explained that the artificial intelligence technically “did what they asked it to do—they just accidentally asked it to do the wrong thing” (TED, 2019, 8:51).

(Author, Year) 

(Tarallo, 2016)

In-text citation (if referring to the video in the slide)

• Some departments might not require you to cite the Author(s) in text. Please check with your teacher. 
• When first citing the source, please provide the title of the video. Ensure that whenever you mention the title, it is in  italics .  

You will need to place all references mentioned in the PowerPoint presentation in a slide titled References . 

• To reference a YouTube video, see YouTube tab. 
• To reference a video from a database, see video streaming database tab.
• To reference a video from a webinar, see recorded webinars tab . 
• << Previous: Audiovisual media
• Next: Film/Movie, TV, radio and podcasts >>
• Last Updated: Apr 2, 2024 3:09 PM
• URL: https://holmesglen.libguides.com/apa7

APA Citation Guide (7th edition) : Videos & DVDs

• What Kind of Source Is This?
• Advertisements
• Books & eBooks
• Book Reviews
• Class Handouts, Presentations, and Readings
• Encyclopedias & Dictionaries
• Government Documents
• Images, Charts, Graphs, Maps & Tables
• Journal Articles
• Magazine Articles
• Newspaper Articles
• Personal Communication (Interviews, Emails)
• Social Media
• Videos & DVDs
• Paraphrasing
• Works Cited in Another Source
• No Author, No Date etc.
• Sample Paper, Reference List & Annotated Bibliography
• Powerpoint Presentations

On This Page

Streaming video from a website (youtube, vimeo, etc.) - poster's name known, streaming video from a website (youtube, vimeo, etc.) - poster's name not known, streaming movie from a subscription media website or library collection (netflix, amazon prime, hulu, kanopy, etc.), dvd with named producer, director or writer, movie with unknown producer, director and/or writer, television series episode.

Who to Credit - DVD or Film

Many people can be involved in the production of a film but not all need to be listed in the citation. Typically the director is the only name that is used.  If the director is unknown, give credit to someone in a similar role (producer/writer/host etc.).  Their job title (such as Director) is put after their name in round brackets to clarify what role they had in the film production.

Who to Credit - Streaming Video from a Website

For videos from websites such as YouTube or Vimeo, credit the person who posted the content. If a real name is provided, use that followed by the person's user name in square brackets. If the real name of the person who posted the content is not known, just use their user name without brackets.

Who to Credit - TV Series and TV Series Episode

When citing a whole TV series, credit the executive producer(s).  When citing a single episode from a TV series, credit the writer and the director of the episode. For both series and single episodes, include their job titles after their names in round brackets.

Note : All citations should be double spaced and have a hanging indent in a Reference List.

A "hanging indent" means that each subsequent line after the first line of your citation should be indented by 0.5 inches.

Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial. of person who posted the video if known. [User name that posted the video] . (Year video was posted, Month Day). Title of video [Video]. Name of Website. URL

Note : According to APA, for citing purposes the person who posted/uploaded the video is credited as the author.

User name that posted the video. (Year video was posted, Month Day). Title of video [Video]. Name of Website. URL

Note : According to APA, for citing purposes the person who posted the video is credited as the author.

Director's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Director). (Year of Publication). Title of Movie [Film]. Production Company. 

Note:  Only specify how you watched a film (on DVD, streaming, etc.) when it is important to indicate a specific version. Put this information in in the square brackets following the word "Film" and a semicolon. If you have more than one director use (Directors) instead and separate their names with commas, adding an ampersand (&) before the final name.  If the director is unknown, credit someone in a similar role (producer/writer) and put their job title in round brackets after their name. 

Director's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if given. (Director). (Year DVD was produced). Title of DVD [Film; optional descriptive information if DVD is a unique version]. Production Company.

Note : In general, you don't need to cite the format of a movie. However, include it if the information you are citing can be found only in that particular format or edition (e.g. special features or commentary).  

Title of movie  [Film]. (Year Movie was Produced). Production Company.

Note : When the Director, Producer and/or Writer is not known, start the citation with the movie title.

Writer's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Writer), & Director's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Director). (Year the episode was originally aired, Month Day if known). Title of episode (Season Number, Episode Number) [TV series episode]. In Executive Producer's First Initial. Last Name (Executive Producer), Television series name . Production Company . 

Note:  Include the writer and director for the episode and put their job title in round brackets after their name.  If one person did both jobs use (Writer & Director).

Cite the URL for the log-in page instead of the URL for the actual movie. Omit the URL if the TV episode was viewed on cable television rather than online.

• << Previous: Statistics
• Next: Websites >>
• Last Updated: Jan 5, 2024 2:56 PM
• URL: https://columbiacollege-ca.libguides.com/apa

• Introduction
• Formatting Your Paper
• In-Text Citations
• Books and eBooks
• Business Reports
• Conference Presentations and Publications
• Dissertations and Theses
• Government Documents, Statutes, and Court Cases
• Images and Advertisements
• Missing Information
• Multiple Authors
• Personal Communications (E-mails, Interviews, etc.)
• Previous Coursework
• Religious Works
• Secondary Source/Indirect Citation (as cited in)
• Social Media
• Video and Audio
• Avoiding Plagiarism
• Annotated Bibliographies
• Get Help Now

APA 7th Edition Citation Guide Video and Audio

Who gets credit, films and movies.

If there are multiple production studios, separate them with semi-colons.

Use a time stamp instead of page numbers for in-text citations.

Reference Page Format:

Director, A. A. (Director). (Year).  Title of film  [Film]. Studio A; Studio B (if necessary); Studio C (if necessary). 

Reference Page Example:

Bush, J., & Howard, B. (Directors). (2021).  Encanto  [Film]. Walt Disney Pictures; Walt Disney Animation Studios.

In-text Citation Examples:

Bush and Howard  (2021) showed that ... ...( Bush & Howard , 2021). ...( Bush & Howard , 2021, 23:55).

Writer, A. A. (Writer), Director, B. B. (Director). (Year, Month Day aired). Title of Episode (Season #, Episode #) [TV series episode]. In Executive Producer, A. A. (Executive Producer),  Title of show . Production Company A; Production Company B; Production Company C. 

Trefry, K. (Writer) & Antal, N. (Director). (2022, May 27). Chapter Five: The Nina Project (Season 4, Episode 5) [TV series episode]. In The Duffer Brothers, Levy, S., Cohen, D., Holland, C., Wright, B., Thunell, M., Gajdusek, K., Paterson, I., & Gwinn, C. (Executive Producers). (2016-present).  Stranger things  [TV series]. 21 Laps Entertainment; Monkey Massacre.

In-text Citation Example:

...(Trefry & Antal, 2022).

Streaming Video (YouTube, Vimeo, etc.)

For videos from most streaming sites (e.g. YouTube, Vimeo) use the name of the account which uploaded the video.

If you want to include the name of a speaker who would not appear in an in-text citation, you can include their name within your paper (see example below)

Uploader. (Year, Month Day uploaded).  Title of video  [Video]. Website. URL

TED. (2011, May 2).  Beware online "filter bubbles:" Eli Pariser  [Video]. YouTube.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B8ofWFx525s

Pariser shared his belief that the internet should expose us to ideas that challenge us (TED, 2011). ...(TED, 2011). ...(TED, 2011, 8:13).

Online Video from Website Not Dedicated to Streaming (TED Talks, etc.)

For videos from sites that are not dedicated to streaming, use the below format.

Creator or Speaker. (Year, Month Day).  Title of video  [Video]. Website. URL 

Pariser, E. (2011, March).  Beware online "filter bubbles"  [Video]. TED Conferences.  https://www.ted.com/talks/eli_pariser_beware_online_filter_bubbles

...(Pariser, 2011). ...(Pariser, 2011, 4:23).

Podcast Series

Producer or Host, A. A. (Producer or Host)  (Year range).  Title  [Audio podcast]. Website. URL

Koenig, S., & Snyder, J. (Producers). (2014-present).  Serial  [Audio podcast]. WBEZ Chicago.  https://serialpodcast.org/

Koenig et al.  (2014-present) based their program on ... ...(Koenig et al., 2014-present).

Podcast Episode

Host, A. A. (Producer or Host)  (Year, Month Day). Episode title (No. #) [Audio podcast episode]. In  Podcast Title . Website/Production Company. URL

Koenig, S. (Host). (2014, October 3). The Alibi (No. 1) [Audio podcast episode]. In  Serial . WBEZ Chicago.  https://serialpodcast.org/season-three/1/a-bar-fight-walks-into-the-justice-center

Koenig (2014) shared that ... ...(Koenig, 2014).

Music Album

Music album citations include information such as the artist/group, year, title of the album, and record label. If there are multiple record labels, separate them with semi-colons.

Classical albums are cited slightly differently. Composers are listed instead of performers and should include information such as recording information and the year the original work was published. 

Music albums with the original and recorded year should include both years within in-text citations.

Recording Artist or Group (Year).  Title of the album [Album]. Record Label. Composer, C. C. (Year).  Title of the album  [Album recorded by...]. Record Label (Original work published... ). 

BTS. (2022).  Proof  [Album]. Big Hit Music. Berg, A. (2006).  Lulu  [Album recorded by the English National Opera]. Chandos. (Original work published 1937)

... (BTS, 2022). ... (Berg, 1937/2006).

Similar to music albums, songs are cited differently if they are considered "Classical" or not. See below for the differences and examples.

If the songwriter and recording artist/group are the same, no need to include the brackets after the song title.

Songwriter, S. S. (Year). Song title [Recorded by A. A. Artist/Group Name]. On  Title of the album  [Album]. Record Label. Composer, C. C. (Year). Song title [Song recorded by]. On Title of the album.  Record Label. (Original work published...). 

Suga, Pdogg, RM, MAX, Gleyzer, D., & J-Hope (2022). Yet to Come (The Most Beautiful Moment) [Recorded by BTS]. On  Proof  [Album]. Big Hit Music. Berg, A. (2006). Act I Scene 1: Am I trespassing? [Song recorded by the English National Opera]. On  Lulu . Chandos. (Original work published 1937)

...(Suga et al., 2022). ...(Berg, 1937/2006).

• << Previous: Social Media
• Next: Websites >>
• Last Updated: Jan 23, 2024 8:28 AM
• URL: https://library.csp.edu/apa

• Find Resources

Library and Academic Support Services Concordia University, St. Paul 1282 Concordia Aveneu Saint Paul, MN 55104

• 651-641-823
• [email protected]
• Report a problem

Connect with us

© Concordia University, St. Paul

• University of Newcastle Library
• Referencing Guides
• APA 7th Style
• Video & audio

APA 7th Style:  Video & audio

• About APA 7
• GUIDE INDEX
• In-text Citations
• What are DOIs?
• Books & Theses
• Book chapters
• Web resources
• Reports & Gov docs
• Building codes, Patents & Standards
• Conferences
• Course material
• Health resources
• Education resources
• Images & tables
• Other sources
• Secondary sources
• Missing details
• UON Referencing Guide This link opens in a new window
• YouTube & short clips

YouTube and other short online clips

Reference list examples:.

Harold B. Lee Library. (2010, July 10). New spice: Study like a scholar, scholar [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/2ArIj236UHs

Vsauce. (2013, February 17). Is your red the same as my red? [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/evQsOFQju08

TED Talk reference list examples:

Cuddy, A. (2012, June). Your body language may shape who you are [Video]. TED conferences.

https://www.ted.com/talks/amy_cuddy_your_body_language_may_shape_who_you_are

TED. (2012, March 16). Brené Brown: Listening to shame [Video]. YouTube.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=psN1DORYYV0

TED. (2019, November 13). The danger of AI is weirder than you think | Janelle Shane [Video].

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OhCzX0iLnOc

Need to quote from a video or audio content?

APA allows the use of a ' timestamp ' for both direct quoting and paraphrasing from these sources.

Check the time that the quote starts and use that in place of a page number, e.g. (Moorhouse, 2015, 1:13:20). Here the 1:13:20 refers to 1 hour 13 minutes 20 seconds into the film, where the quote we want starts.

Hours/minutes/seconds follows the pattern H:MM:SS

Minutes/seconds follows the pattern MM:SS

Where you are only using seconds (e.g. for a short clip), use a zero at the front, e.g. 0:39 for 39 seconds.

Video Tutorial

This video will show you the basics of how to create in-text and reference list citations for short online videos using APA 7th style.

Podcast episodes

Titi & Zakiya (Hosts). (2019, April 11). Lab 005: Wakanda forever [Audio podcast episode].  In Dope labs . Spotify Studios. https://www.dopelabspodcast.com/podcast-episodes/wakanda

Ayer, D. (Director). (2017). Bright [Film]. Netflix.

Lee, A. (Director). (2005). Brokeback mountain [Film]. River Road Entertainment.

Moorhouse, J. (Director). (2015). The dressmaker [Film]. Film Art Media.

TV series episodes and webisodes

Reference list example:.

Cain, W. (Writer), & Robinson, L. (Director). (2020). Eye of the needle (Season 1, Episode 14) [TV series episode]. In S. Schechter, S. Sklaver, C. Fedak, & G. Berlanti (Executive Producers), Prodigal son. Warner Bros. Television; FOX Entertainment.

Recorded music

CHVRCHES. (2018). Love is dead [Album]. Liberator Music.

Eurythmics. (2005). Love is a stranger [Song]. On Ultimate collection . RCA.

Initial Talk. (2020). Dua Lipa – Physical [Initial Talk remix] [Song]. https://soundcloud.com/initial-talk/dualipa-physical-initialtalk-remix

Larsson, Z. (2017). So good [Album]. Ten; Epic.

Mozart, W. A. (2011). Concerto for violin and orchestra, no. 4 in D major, K.218 [Song recorded by Pinchas Zukerman and the Saint Paul Chamber Orchestra]. On Concerto for violin and orchestra, no. 4 in D major, K.218 . Deutsche Grammophon. (Original work published 1775)

Ronson, M. (feat. Cabello, C.). (2019). Find u again [Song]. On Late night feelings. Columbia.

Help and Information

UON Referencing Guide

• << Previous: Images & tables
• Next: Other sources >>
• Last Updated: Mar 22, 2024 10:57 AM
• URL: https://libguides.newcastle.edu.au/apa-7th

• UofGH Library Services
• Research Guides

APA Style 7th Edition

• Books & eBooks
• ChatGPT & AI Tools
• Social Media
• Lecture Material
• Source from another source
• Formatting your paper
• APA Handouts

Streaming video from a Website (YouTube, Vimeo, etc.)

References: General Format

Lastname, Initials or user name of person who posted the video. (Year video was posted, Month Day). Title of video [Video]. Website name. URL

KelbyOne. (2019, May 3).  Scott Kelby's photo retouch using Photoshop, Lightroom & a Wacom Intuos4  [Video]. Youtube.   https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c_9rIVUqoCk

In-text Citation: Direct Quote

(Lastname or user name of person who posted the video, Year, Timestamp for the beginning of the quote)

In-text Citation: Paraphrase 

(Lastname or user name of person who posted the video, Year)

Streaming video, movie or DVD

References: General Format -  The director should be named as the author of the film, or if unknown the producer can be cited instead.

Lastname, initials (Job title). (Year). Title of Film [Film]. Production company.  

Maloof, J. & Siskel, C. (Directors). (2013).  Finding Vivian Maier [Film] . Ravine Pictures.

(Lastname, Year, Time stamp for beginning of quote)

(Lastname, Year)

Research Help

• << Previous: Social Media
• Next: Lecture Material >>
• Last Updated: Mar 26, 2024 2:08 PM
• URL: https://guelphhumber.libguides.com/APA7

• Centennial College Libraries
• Library Guides
• 03. Academic Success Essential Guides
• Video and Audio
• Getting Started
• Academic Integrity This link opens in a new window
• Academic Writer & Other APA Help

Online Video from a Website (YouTube, Vimeo)

Online video from a website, online video from a library database, podcast episode, single song or track.

• Social Media
• Government Documents
• Personal Communication with Indigenous Elders and Knowledge Keepers
• Class Material
• Citing a Quote (Secondary Sources)
• Missing Information
• Infographic, Chart, Table, Graph, Raw Data, Maps
• Conference Papers & Presentations
• Generative Artificial Intelligence (ChatGPT)
• Common Knowledge & Overcitation

When citing a film, it's not necessary to specify how you watched it (i.e. on DVD, in a theatre, or streaming online).

The director should be credited as the author of the film. In the absence of a director, someone in a similar role (such as the producer or writer) can be credited instead. Make sure to list their role in the film.

Director's Last Name, Initials. (Role in Production). (Year). Title of film in italics: Capitalize first word in title and subtitle [Film]. Production Company.

McKay, A. (Director). (2015). The big short [Film]. Paramount Pictures.

In-text Citation

(Director Last Name, Year, Timestamp).

Note: Include the Timestamp (Minutes:Seconds) only if you are using a direct quotation from the film.

If an author's username and real name are known, provide the real name of the individual, followed by the username in square brackets.

Last Name, Initials, or Group name [Username, if provided]. (Year, month day video was posted). Title of video in italics: Capitalize first word in title and subtitle [Video]. Website name. Hyperlinked URL

Mishler, A. [Yoga with Adriene]. (2019, March 10). Yoga for change and drain [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/E3jFEOD2tIU

(Last Name, Group name or Username, Year, Timestamp).

Note: Include the Timestamp (Minutes:Seconds) only if you are using a direct quotation from the video.

Username, Author or Corporate Author. (Year, month day video was posted).   Title of video in italics: Capitalize first word in title and subtitle [Video]. Website name (if different than author name). Hyperlinked URL

Legacy of Hope Foundation. (n.d.). Matilda Mallett [Video].  https://legacyofhope.ca/wherearethechildren/stories/mallett/

(Username, Year, Timestamp).

Name of Company/Organization or Creator's Last Name, Initials. (Year video was created, Month Day if known). Title of video in italics: Capitalize first word in title and subtitle [Video]. Production Company.

Klodawsky, H. (Director). (1994). Motherland: Tales of wonder [Video]. National Film Board of Canada.

  In-text Citation

(Name of Company/Organization or Creator, Year, Timestamp).

Podcast Host Last Name, Initials. (Host). (Year, Month Day). Title of episode: Subtitle (No. If provided) [Audio podcast episode]. In Name of podcast . Publisher. Hyperlinked URL

Gilbert, E. (Host). (2015, July 13). Do what ignites your soul [Audio podcast episode]. In Magic lessons . Riverhead Books. http://podbay.fm/show/1018969048/e/1436813857?autostart=1

(Author Last Name or username, Year, Timestamp).

Note: Include the Timestamp (Minutes:Seconds) only if you are using a direct quotation from the podcast.

Artist Last Name, Initials. (Year). Title of song [Song]. On Album name . Publisher. Hyperlinked URL (only if there is only one location to access the song).

Collins, P. (1981). In the air tonight [Song]. On Face Value . Atlantic Records.

(Artist Last Name, Year).

[ Description of content ]. [Format]. (n.d.). Animoto. Hyperlinked URL 

[ Tennis racket and balls ] [Photograph]. (n.d.). Animoto.  https://animoto.com/play/oDBeCk34z1e8qPXwUdfSdQ

( Description of content , Year).

• << Previous: Images
• Next: Social Media >>
• Last Updated: Apr 2, 2024 1:19 PM
• URL: https://libraryguides.centennialcollege.ca/apastyleguide

APA 7th Edition - Citation Guide

• What's New in the 7th Edition?
• Paper Formatting
• Reference Components
• Book Examples
• Article Examples

Videos (VHS/DVD/Blu-Ray)

Online videos ( e.g. youtube, ted), videos streamed online ( e.g. netflix, films on demand), television episodes, music recordings.

• Internet Resources Examples
• Other Examples
• In-Text Citations

If you are citing a direct quotation from a video, you can use the time stamp in place of a page number within the in-text citation.

Director, A. A. (Director). (Year). Title of video [Film]. Production Company.

Guggenheim, D. (Director). (2006). An inconvenient truth  [Film]. Lawrence Bender Productions; Participant Productions.

(Guggenheim, 2006, 23:13)

Haggis, P. (Director). (2004). Crash  [Film; director's cut on DVD]. Bob Yari Productions; DEJ Productions; Blackfriars Bridge; Harris Company; ApolloProScreen Productions; Bull's Eye Entertainment.

(Haggis, 2004)

Note: If the edition of the film you used is important, such as a special extended edition, include that in the brackets.

Source: Publication Manual , 10.12 (examples 84-85)

Use this for videos posted on websites or blogs, such as YouTube, TED, a news website, etc. If you are citing a direct quotation from a video, you can use the time stamp in place of a page number within the in-text citation (see Example 1).

Author, A. A. [username]. (Year, Month Day). Title of video [Video]. Website. http://xxxxx

Example 1: Full Name

Jones, P. [patrickJMT]. (2009, October 24). Easily memorize the unit circle [Video]. YouTube. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=03McKEg9ASA

(Jones, 2009, 1:15)

Example 2: User Name Only

Vercamath. (2011, July 25). Parallel universes explained [Video]. YouTube. www.youtube.com/watch?v=GWaB3SksOQU

(Vercamath, 2011)

Example 3: TED Talk

Gavagan, E. (2012, April). A story about knots and surgeons [Video]. TED Conferences. https://www.ted.com/talks/ed_gavagan_a_story_about_knots_and_surgeons

(Gavagan, 2012)

TED. (2016, August 30). Suzanne Simard: How trees talk to each other [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Un2yBgIAxYs

(TED, 2016)

Note: If citing from the TED website, list the speaker as the author. If citing from YouTube, list TED (or the account) as the author and include the speaker's name in the title.

Sources:  Publication Manual , 9.8 and 10.12 (examples 88 and 90)

Use this for videos held within streaming services, such as Netflix, Hulu, or Films on Demand. If you are citing a direct quotation from a video, you can use the time stamp in place of a page number within the in-text citation (see Example 1).

Director, A. A. (Director). (Year). Title of video [Film or  Video]. Streaming service.

Example 1: Netflix

Orlowski, J. (Director). (2017). Chasing coral [Film]. Netflix.

(Orlowski, 2017, 16:30)

Example 2: Video from Films on Demand Database

My brain and I [Film]. (2012). Films on Demand.

( My Brain , 2012)

Adapted From:  Publication Manual , 10.2 (example 84)

Writer, A. A. (Writer), & Director, B. B. (Director). (Year, Month Day). Title of episode (Season X, Episode X) [TV series episode]. In C. C. Executive Producer (Executive Producer), Title of TV Show . Production Company.

Moffat, S. (Writer) & Macdonald, H. (Director). (2007, June 9). Blink (Season 3, Episode 10) [TV series episode]. In R. T. Davies (Executive Producer), Doctor Who . BBC Studios.

(Moffat & Macdonald, 2007)

Source: Publication Manual , 10.12 (example 87)

It is preferable to locate a speech in a retrievable source ( e.g.  in a book, website, video, etc.), and then cite that source.

Example 1: In a Book

Safire, W. (Ed.). (1997). Lend me your ears: Great speeches in history . W.W. Norton.

(Safire, 1997)

Example 2: Transcript on the Internet

The Avalon Project. (n.d.). I have a dream by Martin Luther King, Jr; August 28, 1963 . Yale Law School. http://www.usconstitution.net/dream.html

(The Avalon Project, n.d.)

Example 3: YouTube Video

EDM is LIFE. (2017, January 6). I have a dream speech full video - Martin Luther King, Jr [Video]. YouTube. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=weEb9S6YyQs

(EDM is LIFE, 2017)

Example 4: From Vital Speeches of the Day

Manschreck, C. L. (1971). My conscience is bound by the word of God. Vital Speeches of the Day, 37 (17), 540–545.

(Manschreck, 1971)

Example 5: Audio Recording

King, M. L., Jr. (1963, August 28). I have a dream [Speech audio recording]. American Rhetoric. https://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/mlkihaveadream.htm

(King, 1963)

Source: Publication Manual , 10.13 (example 96)

Only cite an interview if it is retrievable. If it is a personal interview that is not able to be accessed by the reader, follow the guidelines for personal communication .

Interviewee, A. A. (Year, month day interviewed). Title of interview [Interview]. Website. http://xxxxx

Miller, C. (2019, October 7). Chanel Miller - Turning her pain into a rallying cry with Know My Name  - Extended interview [Interview]. Comedy Central. http://www.thedailyshow.com/watch/tue-september-18-2012/salman-rushdie

(Miller, 2019)

Source: Publication Manual , 10.13 (example 95)

Artist, A. A. (Year). Title of song [Song]. On Title of album . Label. (Original work published Year).

Artist, A. A. (Year). Title of album [Album]. Label. (Original work published Year).

Destiny's Child. (1999). Say my name [Song]. On The writing's on the wall . Columbia.

(Destiny's Child, 1999, 0:43)

Joel, B. (1978). 52nd street . Columbia.

(Joel, 1978)

Sources: Publication Manual , 10.13 (examples 91-92)

Host, A. A. (Host). (Year, Month Day). Episode title (No. XX)  [Audio podcast episode]. In Title of podcast . Production Company. http://xxxxx

Mars, R. (Host). (2019, September 30). The help-yourself city (No. 375) [Audio podcast episode]. In 99% invisible . Radiotopia. https://99percentinvisible.org/episode/the-help-yourself-city/

(Schmidt, 2017)

Source: Publication Manual , 10.13 (examples 93-94)

• << Previous: Article Examples
• Next: Internet Resources Examples >>
• Last Updated: Jun 3, 2021 9:44 AM
• URL: https://libraryguides.csuniv.edu/apa7

© 2024 | Accessibility | Privacy | Webmaster | Contact Us | MyCSU

APA Citation Guide: Streaming Video & Digital Media

• Books & eBooks
• Journal Articles
• Class Notes, Lectures & Presentations
• Magazine Articles
• Newspaper Articles
• Personal Communication (Interviews, Emails)
• Social Media
• Artificial Intelligence & Chatbots
• Streaming Video & Digital Media
• When Information is Missing
• When Cited in Another Source
• Paraphrasing
• Reference List & Sample Paper
• Annotated Bibliography

ON THIS PAGE

• Streaming Video from a Library Database (Films on Demand, Kanopy)
• Streaming Video from a Website (YouTube, Vimeo, etc.) - Poster's Name known 
• Streaming Video from a Website (YouTube, Vimeo, etc.) - Poster's Name unknown
• Streaming Movie from a Subscription Media Website (Netflix, Amazon Prime, Hulu, etc.)
• DVD with Named Producer, Director or Writer 
• Movie with Unknown Producer, Director and/or Writer 

Television Series Episode

Podcast episode, streaming video from a library database (films on demand, kanopy).

Name of Company/Organization that Provided Content or Creator's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial. if known. (Director). (Year video was created, Month Day if known).  Title of video  [Video]. Name of Streaming Service.

Streaming Video from a Website (YouTube, Vimeo, etc.) - Poster's Name known

Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial. of person who posted the video if known. [User name that posted the video]. (Year video was posted, Month Day).  Title of video  [Video]. Name of Website. URL

According to APA 7, the person who posted/uploaded the video is credited as the author.

Streaming Video from a Website (YouTube, Vimeo, etc.) - Poster's Name unknown

User name that posted the video. (Year video was posted, Month Day).  Title of video  [Video]. Name of Website. URL

According to APA 7, the person who posted the video is credited as the author.

Streaming Movie from a Subscription Media Website (Netflix, Amazon Prime, Hulu, etc.)

Director's Last Name, First Initial, Second Initial if Given. (Director). (Year of Publication). Title of Movie [Film]. Production Company.

Only specify how you watched a film (on DVD, streaming service, etc.) when it is important to indicate a specific version. Put this information in square brackets following the word, "Film" and a semicolon. If there is more than one director, use (Directors) instead, and separate their names with commas, adding an ampersand (&) before the final director's name. If the director is unknown, credit someone in a similar role (Producer / Writer) and put the title in parentheses after their name.

DVD with Named Producer, Director or Writer

Director's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if given. (Director). (Year DVD was produced).  Title of DVD  [Film; optional descriptive information if DVD is a unique version]. Production Company.

In general, you don't need to cite the format of a movie. However, include it if the information you are citing can be found only in that particular format or edition (e.g. special features or commentary).  

Movie with Unknown Producer, Director and/or Writer

Title of movie  [Film]. (Year movie was produced). Production Company.

When the Director, Producer and/or Writer is not known, start the citation with the movie title.

Writer's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Writer), & Director's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Director). (Year the episode was originally aired, Month Day if known). Title of episode (Season Number, Episode Number) [TV series episode]. In Executive Producer's First Initial. Last Name (Executive Producer),  Television series name.  Production Company . 

Include the writer and director for the episode and put their job title in parentheses after their names. If one person did both jobs, use (Writer & Director).

Cite the URL for the log-in page instead of the URL for the actual movie. Omit the URL if the TV episode was viewed on cable television rather than online.

Director/Producer/Host's Last Name, First intial. Second Initial if Given. (Role in the production e.g. Host, Director, Producer) (Year podcast was released, Month Day if given). Title of podcast episode: Subtitle if given (episode number if known) [Audio podcast episode]. In  Title of Podcast . Publisher. URL if known

TED Talk from the TED website

Presenter Last Name, First intial. Second Initial if Given. (Year Talk was delivered, Month Day if given). Title of Talk: Subtitle if given  [Video]. TED Conferences or TED Connects. URL

When the TED Talk comes from TED’s website, use the name of the speaker as the author.

Provide as specific a date as possible; in the example, the year, month, and day are available.

Include the description “[Video]” in square brackets after the title of the talk.

Credit TED Conferences or TED Connects as the publisher and then provide the URL.

TED Talk from YouTube

When the TED Talk is on YouTube, list the owner of the YouTube account (here, TED) as the author to aid in retrieval.

Provide as specific a date as possible.

Credit YouTube as the publisher of the TED Talk and then provide the URL.

• << Previous: Statistics
• Next: Websites >>
• Last Updated: Mar 18, 2024 3:15 PM
• URL: https://liu.cwp.libguides.com/APAstyle

APA Video Citation

Videos are categorized under audiovisual media along with audios and television broadcasts. Though this medium is usually associated with entertainment, it can also be a valuable source of information. In this article, we will discuss how to cite videos.

Let’s begin with the guides in citing the author/s:

Table of Content

• 1.1 One Author
• 1.2.1 Two to Seven Authors
• 1.2.2 More than Seven Authors
• 2 In-Text Citation
• 3.2 Video Blog Post
• 3.3 Video Podcast

Citing the Author

Multiple authors , two to seven authors, more than seven authors, in-text citation.

• The in-text citation is written inside a parenthesis with the last name of the author and year, separated by a comma.

(Santos, 2010)

• If the name of the author is included within the text, only the year is written inside the parenthesis.

Santos (2010)

Reference List

Below are the important elements of an APA video citation.

• Year or date
• Title of video

And here are simple guides in citing a video in the reference list:

• Include as much information available from the source.
• The authors are usually the Producers, Directors and the person who posted the video. Indicate their contributions in a parenthesis after their names.
• Include the format or description of form inside a bracket after the title. The first word of the format starts with a capital letter and the next word is in lowercase (e.g. Video file and Video podcast).
• Use the screen name if the full name of the author is not available.
• For videos posted online, list the exact date of posting with the year first followed by the month and date.
• List the URL for videos retrieved from the web.

Basic Formats: Author (Producer or Director). (Year). Title of Video [Format]. Country: Studio.

Examples: Spielberg, S., Royce, I., Gordon, M., & Levinson, G. (Producers), & Spielberg, S. (Director). (2004).  Saving Private Ryan  [DVD]. United States: Universal.

Basic Formats (if it is available on-line): Author (Producer or Director). (Year). Title of Video [Format]. Available from http://www.someaddress.com/full/url/

Examples: American Psychological Association (Producer). (2000). Responding therapeutically to patient expressions of sexual attraction [DVD]. Available from http://www.apa.org/videos/

Note: After the name, indicate whether the person/s is the Producer or Director in a parenthesis. The name of the Producer/s is listed first before the name of the Director/s.

Video Blog Post

Basic Format: Author. (Date). Title of Video [Format]. Retrieved from http://www.someaddress.com/full/url/

Example: Norton, R. (2006, November 4). How to train a cat to operate a light switch [Video file]. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vja83KLQXZs

Note: Titles of videos from online communities such as blogs, newsgroups, and forums are not italicized.

Video Podcast

Example: Dunning, B. (Producer). (2011, January 12) inFact: Conspiracy theories [Video podcast]. Retrieved from http://itunes.apple.com

Have a language expert improve your writing

Run a free plagiarism check in 10 minutes, generate accurate citations for free.

• Knowledge Base
• Citing sources
• How to Cite a YouTube Video | MLA, APA & Chicago

How to Cite a YouTube Video | MLA, APA & Chicago

Published on March 17, 2021 by Jack Caulfield . Revised on January 17, 2024.

To cite a video from YouTube or another video sharing site, you need an in-text citation with a corresponding reference listing the uploader, the publication date, the video title, and the URL.

The format varies depending on the citation style you use. The most common styles are APA , MLA , and Chicago style .

Use the interactive example generator below to explore the APA and MLA formats or use Scribbr’s Citation Generator .

Instantly correct all language mistakes in your text

Upload your document to correct all your mistakes in minutes

Table of contents

Citing a video in mla style, citing a video in apa style, citing a video in chicago style, where to find the information for a youtube citation, frequently asked questions about citations.

An MLA Works Cited entry for an online video begins with the name of the video’s author (the person who created it). The uploader is listed later, after the name of the site. The video title appears in quotation marks, the site name in italics.

In the in-text citation, list the author’s last name and the timestamp of the relevant part of the video.

Videos with the same author and uploader

When the person who created the video (the author) is the same person who uploaded it, MLA recommends starting the Works Cited entry with the title so as not to repeat the name in both the author and the uploader position.

This means that the in-text citation for a video like this begins with the title, shortened if it is a long title.

The only proofreading tool specialized in correcting academic writing - try for free!

The academic proofreading tool has been trained on 1000s of academic texts and by native English editors. Making it the most accurate and reliable proofreading tool for students.

Try for free

In an APA Style reference entry for a video , the person or organization that uploaded the video is always listed in the author position, even if they didn’t create the video. The video title appears in italics, followed by “Video” in square brackets.

A timestamp may be used in the in-text citation to show the location of a particular quote .

Note that if the uploader’s real name is known and is different from the name of their channel, both should be included—the real name first, then the channel name in brackets.

To cite an online video in Chicago style , include a bibliography entry listing full details of the video, and a footnote where you cite it in the text.

The bibliography entry shows the video title in quotation marks, as well as specifying that the source is a video and stating its total length.

The footnote may list a timestamp if it’s necessary to highlight the location of a specific part of the video.

Chicago also offers an author-date citation style . An example of how to cite YouTube videos in this style can be found here .

All the key information needed to cite a YouTube video is displayed below the video itself on the site:

• The video title
• The uploader’s username
• The upload date
• The timestamp of the relevant part of the video
• The URL (it’s best to use the one given when you click on “Share”)

If the uploader’s name is not the same as their username, or if you need information about the video’s original creator, this information may be available in the description or in the video itself.

The image below shows where to find the relevant information below the video on YouTube; other video sites tend to follow a similar layout.

Prevent plagiarism. Run a free check.

The main elements included in a YouTube video citation across APA , MLA , and Chicago style are the name of the author/uploader, the title of the video, the publication date, and the URL.

The format in which this information appears is different for each style.

All styles also recommend using timestamps as a locator in the in-text citation or Chicago footnote .

In APA , MLA , and Chicago style citations for sources that don’t list a specific author (e.g. many websites ), you can usually list the organization responsible for the source as the author.

If the organization is the same as the website or publisher, you shouldn’t repeat it twice in your reference:

• In APA and Chicago, omit the website or publisher name later in the reference.
• In MLA, omit the author element at the start of the reference, and cite the source title instead.

If there’s no appropriate organization to list as author, you will usually have to begin the citation and reference entry with the title of the source instead.

When you want to cite a specific passage in a source without page numbers (e.g. an e-book or website ), all the main citation styles recommend using an alternate locator in your in-text citation . You might use a heading or chapter number, e.g. (Smith, 2016, ch. 1)

In APA Style , you can count the paragraph numbers in a text to identify a location by paragraph number. MLA and Chicago recommend that you only use paragraph numbers if they’re explicitly marked in the text.

For audiovisual sources (e.g. videos ), all styles recommend using a timestamp to show a specific point in the video when relevant.

Check if your university or course guidelines specify which citation style to use. If the choice is left up to you, consider which style is most commonly used in your field.

• APA Style is the most popular citation style, widely used in the social and behavioral sciences.
• MLA style is the second most popular, used mainly in the humanities.
• Chicago notes and bibliography style is also popular in the humanities, especially history.
• Chicago author-date style tends to be used in the sciences.

Other more specialized styles exist for certain fields, such as Bluebook and OSCOLA for law.

The most important thing is to choose one style and use it consistently throughout your text.

Cite this Scribbr article

If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the “Cite this Scribbr article” button to automatically add the citation to our free Citation Generator.

Caulfield, J. (2024, January 17). How to Cite a YouTube Video | MLA, APA & Chicago. Scribbr. Retrieved April 2, 2024, from https://www.scribbr.com/citing-sources/cite-a-video/

Is this article helpful?

Jack Caulfield

Other students also liked, how to cite an image | photographs, figures, diagrams, how to cite a website | mla, apa & chicago examples, how to cite a lecture | apa, mla & chicago examples, scribbr apa citation checker.

An innovative new tool that checks your APA citations with AI software. Say goodbye to inaccurate citations!

APA Citation Guide (APA 7th Edition): Videos

• Advertisements
• Artificial Intelligence
• Audio Materials
• Books, eBooks, Course Packs, Lab Manuals & Pamphlets
• Business Reports from Library Databases
• Case Studies
• Class Notes, Class Recordings, Class Lectures and Presentations
• Creative Commons Licensed Works
• Digital Assignments: Citing Your Sources This link opens in a new window
• Encyclopedias & Dictionaries
• Games & Objects
• Government Documents
• Images, Infographics, Maps, Charts & Tables
• Indigenous Elders and Knowledge Keepers (Oral Communication)
• Journal Articles
• Legal Resources
• Magazine Articles
• Newspaper Articles
• Personal Communications (including interviews, emails, intranet resources)
• Religious & Classical (e.g., Ancient Greek, Roman) Works
• Social Media
• Theses & Dissertations
• Websites (including documents/PDFs posted on websites)
• When Information is Missing
• Works in Another Language / Translations
• Works Quoted in Another Source (Indirect Sources)
• Quoting vs. Paraphrasing
• APA Citation FAQs
• Plagiarism This link opens in a new window
• APA for Faculty This link opens in a new window
• Streaming Video from a Website (e.g., YouTube, Vimeo)
• Streaming Video from a Library Database
• Streaming Video from a Streaming Service (e.g., Netflix)
• Video Posted on Social Media
• Class Recording
• Webinar Recording

Note: If you're citing a webinar that you attended live, follow the example for citing Class Lecture Notes . 

• << Previous: Theses & Dissertations
• Next: Websites (including documents/PDFs posted on websites) >>
• Last Updated: Mar 27, 2024 3:30 PM
• URL: https://library.senecapolytechnic.ca/apa

APA Citation Guide (7th edition) CGS

• Advertisments
• Books & e-Books
• Book Reviews
• Class Notes, Class Lectures and Presentations
• Encyclopedias & Dictionaries
• Generative AI
• Government Documents
• Images, Charts, Graphs, Maps & Tables
• Journal Articles
• Magazine Articles
• Newspaper Articles
• Personal Communication (Interviews, Emails)
• Social Media
• Videos & DVDs
• When Creating Digital Assignments
• When Information Is Missing
• Works Cited in Another Source
• Paraphrasing
• Reference List & Sample Writing
• Annotated Bibliography

Tips for Videos and DVDs

Who to Credit - DVD or Film

Many people can be involved in the production of a film but not all need to be listed in the citation. Typically the director is the only name that is used.  If the director is unknown, give credit to someone in a similar role (producer/writer/host etc.).  Their job title (such as Director) is put after their name in round brackets to clarify what role they had in the film production.

Who to Credit - Streaming Video from a Website

For videos from websites such as YouTube or Vimeo, credit the person who posted the content. If a real name is provided, use that followed by the person's user name in square brackets. If the real name of the person who posted the content is not known, just use their user name without brackets.

Who to Credit - TV Series and TV Series Episode

When citing a whole TV series, credit the executive producer(s).  When citing a single episode from a TV series, credit the writer and the director of the episode. For both series and single episodes, include their job titles after their names in round brackets.

Streaming Video

• Streaming Video From a Website (YouTube, Vimeo, Hulu, etc.) (Poster's Name Known)
• Streaming Video From a Website (YouTube, Vimeo, Hulu, etc.) (Poster's Name Unknown)
• Streaming Movie From a Subscription Media Website or Library Collection (Netflix, Amazon Prime, Hulu, Kanopy, etc.)

Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial. of person who posted the video if known. [User name that posted the video] . (Year video was posted, Month Day).  Title of video  [Video]. Name of Website. url

Note : According to APA, for citing purposes the person who posted/uploaded the video is credited as the author.

User name that posted the video. (Year video was posted, Month Day).  Title of video  [Video]. Name of Website. url

Note : According to APA, for citing purposes the person who posted the video is credited as the author.

Director's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Director). (Year of Publication).  Title of Movie  [Film]. Production Company. 

Note:  Only specify how you watched a film (on DVD, streaming, etc.) when it is important to indicate a specific version. Put this information in in the square brackets following the word "Film" and a semicolon. If you have more than one director use (Directors) instead and separate their names with commas, adding an ampersand (&) before the final name.  If the director is unknown, credit someone in a similar role (producer/writer) and put their job title in round brackets after their name. 

DVD or Film & TV

• DVD With Named Producer, Director, or Writer
• Movie With Unknown Producer, Director and/or Writer
• Television Series Episode

Director's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if given. (Director). (Year DVD was produced).  Title of DVD  [Film; optional descriptive information if DVD is a unique version]. Production Company.

Note : In general, you don't need to cite the format of a movie. However, include it if the information you are citing can be found only in that particular format or edition (e.g. special features or commentary).  

Title of movie  [Film]. (Year Movie was Produced). Production Company.

Note : When the Director, Producer and/or Writer is not known, start the citation with the movie title.

Writer's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Writer), & Director's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Director). (Year the episode was originally aired, Month Day if known). Title of episode (Season Number, Episode Number) [TV series episode]. In Executive Producer's First Initial. Last Name (Executive Producer),  Television series name .  Production Company . 

Note:  Include the writer and director for the episode and put their job title in round brackets after their name.  If one person did both jobs use (Writer & Director).

Cite the URL for the log-in page instead of the URL for the actual movie. Omit the URL if the TV episode was viewed on cable television rather than online.

• << Previous: Social Media
• Next: Websites >>
• Last Updated: Sep 1, 2023 10:43 AM
• URL: https://guides.library.uwm.edu/c.php?g=1007936

Purdue Online Writing Lab Purdue OWL® College of Liberal Arts

In-Text Citations: The Basics

Welcome to the Purdue OWL

This page is brought to you by the OWL at Purdue University. When printing this page, you must include the entire legal notice.

Copyright ©1995-2018 by The Writing Lab & The OWL at Purdue and Purdue University. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, reproduced, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without permission. Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our terms and conditions of fair use.

Note:  This page reflects the latest version of the APA Publication Manual (i.e., APA 7), which released in October 2019. The equivalent resource for the older APA 6 style  can be found here .

Reference citations in text are covered on pages 261-268 of the Publication Manual. What follows are some general guidelines for referring to the works of others in your essay.

Note:  On pages 117-118, the Publication Manual suggests that authors of research papers should use the past tense or present perfect tense for signal phrases that occur in the literature review and procedure descriptions (for example, Jones (1998)  found  or Jones (1998)  has found ...). Contexts other than traditionally-structured research writing may permit the simple present tense (for example, Jones (1998)  finds ).

APA Citation Basics

When using APA format, follow the author-date method of in-text citation. This means that the author's last name and the year of publication for the source should appear in the text, like, for example, (Jones, 1998). One complete reference for each source should appear in the reference list at the end of the paper.

If you are referring to an idea from another work but  NOT  directly quoting the material, or making reference to an entire book, article or other work, you only have to make reference to the author and year of publication and not the page number in your in-text reference.

On the other hand, if you are directly quoting or borrowing from another work, you should include the page number at the end of the parenthetical citation. Use the abbreviation “p.” (for one page) or “pp.” (for multiple pages) before listing the page number(s). Use an en dash for page ranges. For example, you might write (Jones, 1998, p. 199) or (Jones, 1998, pp. 199–201). This information is reiterated below.

Regardless of how they are referenced, all sources that are cited in the text must appear in the reference list at the end of the paper.

In-text citation capitalization, quotes, and italics/underlining

• Always capitalize proper nouns, including author names and initials: D. Jones.
• If you refer to the title of a source within your paper, capitalize all words that are four letters long or greater within the title of a source:  Permanence and Change . Exceptions apply to short words that are verbs, nouns, pronouns, adjectives, and adverbs:  Writing New Media ,  There Is Nothing Left to Lose .

( Note:  in your References list, only the first word of a title will be capitalized:  Writing new media .)

• When capitalizing titles, capitalize both words in a hyphenated compound word:  Natural-Born Cyborgs .
• Capitalize the first word after a dash or colon: "Defining Film Rhetoric: The Case of Hitchcock's  Vertigo ."
• If the title of the work is italicized in your reference list, italicize it and use title case capitalization in the text:  The Closing of the American Mind ;  The Wizard of Oz ;  Friends .
• If the title of the work is not italicized in your reference list, use double quotation marks and title case capitalization (even though the reference list uses sentence case): "Multimedia Narration: Constructing Possible Worlds;" "The One Where Chandler Can't Cry."

Short quotations

If you are directly quoting from a work, you will need to include the author, year of publication, and page number for the reference (preceded by "p." for a single page and “pp.” for a span of multiple pages, with the page numbers separated by an en dash).

You can introduce the quotation with a signal phrase that includes the author's last name followed by the date of publication in parentheses.

If you do not include the author’s name in the text of the sentence, place the author's last name, the year of publication, and the page number in parentheses after the quotation.

Long quotations

Place direct quotations that are 40 words or longer in a free-standing block of typewritten lines and omit quotation marks. Start the quotation on a new line, indented 1/2 inch from the left margin, i.e., in the same place you would begin a new paragraph. Type the entire quotation on the new margin, and indent the first line of any subsequent paragraph within the quotation 1/2 inch from the new margin. Maintain double-spacing throughout, but do not add an extra blank line before or after it. The parenthetical citation should come after the closing punctuation mark.

Because block quotation formatting is difficult for us to replicate in the OWL's content management system, we have simply provided a screenshot of a generic example below.

Formatting example for block quotations in APA 7 style.

Quotations from sources without pages

Direct quotations from sources that do not contain pages should not reference a page number. Instead, you may reference another logical identifying element: a paragraph, a chapter number, a section number, a table number, or something else. Older works (like religious texts) can also incorporate special location identifiers like verse numbers. In short: pick a substitute for page numbers that makes sense for your source.

Summary or paraphrase

If you are paraphrasing an idea from another work, you only have to make reference to the author and year of publication in your in-text reference and may omit the page numbers. APA guidelines, however, do encourage including a page range for a summary or paraphrase when it will help the reader find the information in a longer work. 

ACAP LEARNING RESOURCES

Reference in APA 7

• Printable Guides & Sample Papers
• Headings & Page Order
• ACAP Presentation Requirements This link opens in a new window
• APA Style Guidelines, Blog & Socials

Paraphrasing

• Time Stamps, Verbatim, Transcripts & Personal Comms
• Secondary Sources
• Tables & Figures
• Missing, Same, Repeated, Multiples, Parts & Abbreviations
• Reference List Elements
• Formatting the Reference List
• DOIs, URLs & Hyperlinks
• Missing Information
• Annotated Bibliographies
• Edited, Republished & Translated Books
• Reference Works
• Diagnostic Manuals (DSM & ICD)
• Religious & Ancient Works
• Newspaper Articles
• Conferences & Theses
• Reports, Policies & Grey Literature
• YouTube & Other Streaming
• Podcasts, TV & Radio
• Transcripts
• Artwork & Images
• Social Media
• Legislation
• Standards & Patents
• Unpublished Works
• Statistics, Tests & Data Sets
• Generative Artificial Intelligence

Verbatim & Transcripts

(surname, year, time stamp). surname (year, time stamp)., (interviewee/client, personal communication, month day, year, time stamp). , interviewee/client (personal communication, month day, year, time stamp)..

You will not need a reference list entry if you are using an unpublished recording. If it is clear that only one recording has been used throughout the essay, use the full citation in the first instance, then just the time stamp for all subsequent in-text citations. Time stamps use the format: Hours:Minutes:Seconds Hours/minutes/seconds follows the format H:MM:SS e.g. 1:35:02 Minutes/seconds follows the format MM:SS e.g. 27:59 Seconds only follows the format M:SS e.g. 0:42

Narrative Style

From a published work:

The client said, "My days are getting better" (Smith et al., 2014, 20:40).

From your own recordings or an unpublished recording:

During the session, I stated, “Today is a beautiful day, yes?” Client 1 responded, "Yes, it was a very pleasant walk from the station" (personal communication, May 26, 2020, 14:41).

Script style

When you what to convey a conversation, it is appropriate to use the script formatting. This time you do not use quotation marks.

The characters in the movie  In the Day and at Night  (Smith et al., 2014, 1:20:30) discussed silence in the session.

Counsellor:     What have you been thinking about?

Client:             I don't know what do you mean.

From your own recordings (unpublished recording):

The session with client 1 began in the following way (personal communication, May 26, 2020, 14:41) .

Counsellor:     Today is a beautiful day, yes?

Client:             Yes, it was a very pleasant walk from the station.

Audiovisual Time Stamps

Note . If a creator cannot be found use the title in italics as shown in the first example below. 

Effective communication in a workplace can end if a problem is not dealt with ( Don’t hesitate, communicate! Effective communication in the office , 2010).

Grief can have a profound impact on person’s sense of trust and continuity (Scorsese & Lonergan, 2000).

The counsellor encouraged the client to keep an open mind and speak freely (Microtraining Associates, 2007).

Quoting (Time Stamp - Hours: Minutes: Seconds)

Often when individuals experience grief they can feel like they have “lost hold of any kind of anchor, any kind of trust in anything” (Scorsese & Lonergan, 2000, 1:30:02).

The counsellor repeated "be as open as you can" (Microtraining Associates, 2007, 20:09).

Personal Communications

(a. a. surname, personal communication, month day, year). , a. a. surname (personal communication, month day, year). , "quoted text" (a. a. surname, personal communication, month day, year)., author (personal communication, month day, year) "quoted text"..

Cite personal communications in-text only. Give the initials as well as the surname of the communicator, and provide as exact a date as possible. See Section 8.9 of the APA Publication Manual for more examples.

T.K. Lutes (personal communication, April 18, 2010) suggests that a reflective and optimistic point of view and the integration of resources and personal strengths are necessary when thinking about supervision.

A reflective and optimistic point of view and the integration of resources and personal strengths are necessary when thinking about supervision (T.K. Lutes, personal communication, April 18, 2010).

T. K. Lutes (personal communication, April 18, 2010) stated that “it is vital to approach supervision reflectively from an optimistic perspective integrating both resources and personal strengths”.

“It is vital to approach supervision reflectively from an optimistic perspective integrating both resources and personal strengths” (T.K. Lutes, personal communication, April 18, 2010).

• << Previous: Quotations
• Next: Secondary Sources >>
• Last Updated: Mar 13, 2024 1:57 PM
• URL: https://libguides.navitas.com/apa7

CHEM 151 (Roberts): APA style 7th ed.

• Scholarly v. Popular?
• Primary v. secondary sources
• Search terms
• Find sources in databases
• Choosing good websites
• APA style 7th ed.

Creating references

MCC Library guides to APA , MLA & ACS citation styles

To edit or create citations, you need to:

1.) understand what kind of publication you are citing (is it book with 1 author? journal article from database? an essay in an anthology? etc.)

2.) find the matching publication type in a perfectly-formatted list of citation samples (eg. MCC Library's APA citation help page , Purdue OWL website )

3.) match the formatting of your source's citation elements (or parts) to that of the citation sample

• To show your reader you've done proper research by listing sources you used to get your information
• To be a responsible scholar by giving credit to other researchers and acknowledging their ideas
• To allow your reader to track down the sources you used by citing them accurately in your paper by way of footnotes, a bibliography or reference list
• To avoid plagiarism by quoting words and ideas used by other authors ( here's a MCC Library video about how to avoid plagiarism )

Video: APA In-Text citations

Using databases to create APA references

Most online / subscription-based resources will format your reference in the style of your choice. In databases produced by EBSCO, look for the icon on the right side of the record description page; it looks like this:

Other databases use different icons or words, but if you look carefully you will usually find the auto-cite button.

CAUTION! Most of the time automatically-generated citations are not perfect. It is your responsibility to search for these errors and correct them before using them in your final References list.

APA in-text citations

DOI's : Ensure you have one!

What is a DOI ?

Source:  https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/dois-urls

Note: DOI's are usually found on the first page of the article itself *or* on the database's article information page; in an EBSCO database this page is called the Detailed Record.

APA elements exercise: Scholarly article from a database

Click here for answer key

• << Previous: Choosing good websites
• Last Updated: Apr 2, 2024 4:18 PM
• URL: https://library.miracosta.edu/c.php?g=1392109